Tài liệu Báo cáo thực hành môn kĩ thuật thực phẩm 2

  TPƯồLH ĞẮA BểM LÔLH CÀG T^. BMG JBOF MÔLH LHBễ TBỾM ^BẢG @ÆO MÆO TBỾM BÎLB GÔL; JĢ TBYảT TBỾM ^BẢG 0   ]alb vaël; Lhuyỉl TbỊ Caël   G]]U; 68609601- CỚp; DB68UT   Lbýg TB; >0 Haậlh vaël; DƾƦlh TbỊ Lhệm Dàl     TrỊlb TbỊ Tbậo Lhàl T^. Bờ Mbç Galb, tbælh 5 lčg 0>61   GỤM CỤM GỤM CỤM............. CỤM........................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................... ................66 @ÎA 6; RÆM ĞịLB ẢG ĞỒ UảT CAễY TBỾM ^BẢG-.......................................................................6 ^BẢG-.......................................................................6 VÛF TPÃLB ]ẤQ............. ]ẤQ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................................ .................. 6 6. MƮ ] ]Ờ Ờ CÇ TBYQẼT............. ............................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ................................ .................66 6.6.. 6.6 6.6.6. 6.6 .6. Ảg Ėố toî toîll pbẨ pbẨll ( ạg Ėố mƦ sở ƾỚt). ƾỚt)..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ..........6 ..6 6.6.0. 6.6 .0. Ảg Ėố tuy tuyỈt Ỉt ĖỖa ĖỖa(( ạg Ėố mƦ sở jbô jbô)... )........ .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... ........... ..........6 ....6 6.0. 6.0. =. Mæ Mæmm pb pbƾƦ ƾƦlh lh p pbæ bæp p xæ xæmm ĖỊ ĖỊlb lb ạạg g Ėố vầt vầt ca caỈu Ỉu ttbỶ bỶmm pb pbạg ạg............... ............................. ............................. ...........................6 ............6 6.0.6. 6.0 .6. ^bƾ ^bƾƦlh Ʀlh pbæ pbæpp trỶm trỶm taế taếp... p........ ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .............. ...........6 ..6 6.0.0. 6.0 .0. ^bƾ ^bƾƦlh Ʀlh pbæ pbæpp ha haæl æl taế taếp... p........ .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ................ ................. ............6 ...6 6.=. 0. Jbæ Jbæaa laỈ laỈg... g....... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ........... ............... ................. ..............6 ......6 Vuæ tr trãlb ssẩẩy j jb bfy............. ........................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ....................................................... .........................................66 TA TAẼL ẼL BÎ BÎL LB TBÇ LHB HBAễ AễG G.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. .............................................. ............................... 0 0.6. Gứm Ėçmb Ėçmb.............. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................ ............. 0 0.0. Lhuy Lhuyël ël caỈu caỈu.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ........................0 ..........0 0.=. Tbaế Tbaếtt `Ị, dứlh mứ........ mứ....................... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ..................................... ......................00 0.4.. 0.4 Mæm Mæmbb tbỶ tbỶmm baỈ baỈl... l........ .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... ............ ................ ..............0 .....0 JẼT VY VYẠ Ạ UÎ LBảL R RÁ ÁT............... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .......................................... .................................4 .....4 =.6.. =.6 ^bƾ ^bƾƦlh Ʀlh pbæp màl ạg bờl bờlhh lho lhoẦa. Ầa...... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .............. .................. ..........4 .4 =.0. Gæy Jitt Jitt.............. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................ ............. 5 =.=.. =.= ^bƾ ^bƾƦlh Ʀlh pbæ pbæpp sẩy jbf jbfy.. y....... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ................. ...........5 ..5 =.4. Jết cu =.4. cuầl. ầl..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ........... ............... ................. ................6> ........6> @ÎA 0; ĞỒ LBớT TBỾM ^BẢG............... ^BẢG.............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................................... ................................6> 6> 6. 0. =. MƮ ] ]Ờ Ờ CÇ TBYQẼT............. ............................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............... 6> 6.6.. 6.6 Jbæ Jbæaa laỈ laỈg... g....... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .............. .................. ..................6> .........6> 6.0.. 6.0 Mæm pb pbƾƦl ƾƦlhh pbæ pbæpp Ėo Ėố lbỚ lbỚt... t....... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ................. ..............66 .....66 TA TAẼL ẼL BÎ BÎL LB TBÇ LHB HBAễ AễG G.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ....................................... ............................. .....66 66 0.6. Gứm Ėçmb Ėçmb.............. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .........................................66 ..........................66 0.0. Lhuy Lhuyël ël caỈu caỈu.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ......................66 ........66 0.4.. 0.4 Mæm Mæmbb tbỶ tbỶmm baỈ baỈl... l........ .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .............. .................. ..........66 .66 JẼT VY VYẠ Ạ UÎ LBảL R RÁ ÁT............... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................................... ............................... ..........60 60 =.6. Jết quậ. quậ............... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................60 .............60 6   =.0.. =.0 Lbầ Lbầll xát vî jết cuầ cuầl... l....... ........ ......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .............. .................. .................69 ........69 @ÎA =; ĞO LBAễT DYLH PAËLH TBỾM ^BẢG.............. ^BẢG............................ ............................. .............................. ....................................65 .....................65 6. 0. MƮ ] ]Ờ Ờ CÇ TBYQẼT............. ............................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............... 65 6.6.. 6.6 Jbæ Jbæaa laỈ laỈg... g....... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .............. .................. ..................65 .........65 6.0.. 6.0 ^bƾ ^bƾƦlh Ʀlh pbæ pbæpp tb tbçç lhb lhbaỈg aỈg..... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... ........... ............... ...............68 ......68 TAẼL B BÎ ÎLB T TBÇ BÇ LHA HAễ ễG............. ............................ ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................................ ................................. ....68 68 0.6. Lhuy Lhuyël ël caỈu caỈu,, dứlh mứ..... mứ................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................................68 ...............................68 0.0.. 0.0 =. Taế Taếll bîl bîlbb tb tbçç lhb lhbaỈg aỈg.... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... ............ ................ ...............68 ......68 JẼT VY VYẠ Ạ UÎ LBảT R RÁ ÁT.............. ............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .................................68 ..................68 =.6. Jết quậ. quậ............... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................68 .............68 =.0. Tçlb toæl toæl............. ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ........................... .............62 62 =.=.. =.= Jết cu cuầl. ầl..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ........... ............... ................. ................61 ........61 @ÎA 4 ; CẮLB ĞÔLH.............. ĞÔLH............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .................................... .........................0> 0> 6. 0. =. MƮ ] ]Ờ Ờ CÇ TBYQẼT............. ............................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............... 0> 6.6.. 6.6 6.0. Jbæ Jbæaa laỈ laỈg... g....... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .............. .................. ..................0> .........0> Gứm Ėçmb Ėçmb.............. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .........................................0> ..........................0> 6.=. MƦ mbế..... mbế.................... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ......................... ..........0> 0> 6.4.. 6.4 Lbƾ Lbƾửm ửm Ėaọ Ėaọg... g....... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .............. .................. ...............0> ......0> 6.9. ^bƾƦl ^bƾƦlhh pbæp pbæp.............. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .................................. ....................06 06 TA TAẼL ẼL BÎ BÎL LB TBÇ LHB HBAễ AễG G.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ....................................... ............................. .....06 06 0.6. Lhuy Lhuyël ël caỈu caỈu,, dứlh mứ..... mứ................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................................06 ...............................06 0.0.. 0.0 Taế Taếll bîl bîlbb tb tbçç lhb lhbaỈg aỈg.... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... ............ ................ ...............06 ......06 JẼT VY VYẠ Ạ UÎ LBả BảL L RÁT.............. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................0= ..0= =.6. Jết quậ. quậ............... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................0= .............0= =.0. Lbầl xát.. xát................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ........................08 ..........08 =.=.. =.= Jết cu cuầl. ầl..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ........... ............... ................. ................08 ........08 @ÎA 9; MBAËL.............. MBAËL............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .................................................. ................................... 08 6. 0. MƮ ] ]Ờ Ờ CÇ TBYQẼT............. ............................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............... 08 6.6.. 6.6 Jbæ Jbæaa laỈ laỈg... g....... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .............. .................. ..................08 .........08 6.0. Gứm Ėçmb Ėçmb.............. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .........................................08 ..........................08 6.=. Mæm quæ trãlb `aếl Ėộa trolh quæ trãl trãlbb mbaë mbaël.............. l............................ ............................. ..............................................02 ...............................02 TBỾM BAễL.............. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ........................................ ..........................02 02 0.6. Lhuy Lhuyël ël caỈu caỈu.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ......................02 ........02 0.0. TbỶm baỈl baỈl............... .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................ ..............02 02 =. JẼT VY VYẠ Ạ UÎ LBảL R RÁ ÁT............... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................................... ............................... ..........02 02 0   =.6. Jết quậ. quậ............... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................02 .............02 =.0.. =.0 Rủ cç sỖ ca caỈu Ỉu vî lb lbầl ầl xát xát..... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ............ ................ ................. ..........01 ..01 =.=.. =.= Jết cu cuầl. ầl..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ........... ............... ................. ................=6 ........=6 =   @ÎA 6; RÆM ĞịLB ẢG ĞỒ UảT CAễY TBỾM ^BẢGVÛF TPÃLB ]ẤQ 6. MƮ ]Ờ CÇ TBYQ TBYQẼT ẼT 6.6. Jbæa laỈg 6.6.6. Ảg Ėố toîl pbẨl ( ạg Ėố mƦ sở ƾỚt) ƾỚt) Cî tề sỖ jbỖa cƾửlh ạg mbỡf trolh vầt caỈu vỚa jbỖa cƾửlh mỨf vầt caỈu ạg. Gw 76>> x Xl   (%) X  6.6.0. Ảg Ėố tuyỈt ĖỖa( ạg Ėố mƦ sở sở jbô) jbô) Cî tề sỖ jbỖa cƾửlh ạg mbỡf trolh vầt caỈu vỚa jbỖa cƾửlh vầt mbẩt jbô trolh vầt caỈu. Gd 7 6.0.. 6.0 X l ∘6>>7   X l ∘6>>  (%) X ∐X d Xd Mæm pbƾƦl pbƾƦlhh pb pbæp æp xæm ĖỊ ĖỊlb lb ạg Ėố vầt vầt caỈu caỈu tb tbỶm Ỷm pbạg pbạg 6.0.6. 6.0 .6. ^bƾƦlh ^bƾƦlh pbæp pbæp trỶm trỶm taếp taếp - Màl ạg bờlh lhoẦa - ]ẩy jbfy 6.0.0. 6.0 .0. ^bƾƦlh ^bƾƦlh pbæp pbæp haæ haæll taếp taếp - Gæy Ėo ạg Ėố bẦt; Gæy Jitt Cî gæy Ėƾửm mbế tẦo mbuyël dñlh Ėọ Ėo ạg Ėố gốt sỖ coẦa bẦt xæm ĖỊlb 6.= .=.. Vuæ trãlb sẩy jbfy - ]ẩy; cî quæ trãlb cîg `Ỗm bƦa lƾỚm tỪ vầt caỈu vîo gôa trƾỗlh (tbƾỗlh cî jbôlh jbç) `Ặlh mæmb mẩp lbaỈt mbo lƾỚm trolh vầt caỈu ạg `fy bƦa. - Ğƾỗlh molh sẩy; cî Ėƾỗlh `aỉu daỉl sỶ haậg ạg mỨf vầt caỈu sẩy tbio tbỗa hafl. Ğƾỗlh molh sẩy cî Ėƾỗlh `aọu daỉl gỖa qufl bỈ haữf ạg Ėố (mčl `ậl jbô ” j÷ baỈu cî R) tbio tbỗa hafl t. 6   - Ğƾỗlh molh tỖm Ėố sẩy; cî Ėƾỗlh `aọu daỉl tỖm Ėố sẩy bfy cî cƾửlh bƦa lƾỚm tboæt rf jbỏa vầt caỈu ỡlh vỚa gốt ĖƦl vỊ daỈl tçmb `Ệ gẸt vầt caỈu sẩy trolh gốt ĖƦl vỊ tbỗa hafl. J÷ baỈu cî P. 0. TA TAẼL ẼL BÎLB BÎLB TB TBÇÇ LHB LHBAễ AễG G 0.6. Gứm Ėçmb Ræm ĖỊlb ạg Ėố toîl pbẨl- mƦ sở ƾỚt trolh mæm coẦa vầt caỈu tbƾỗlh hẸp trolh tbỶm pbạg. 0.0. Lhuyël caỈu BẦt; HẦo, cûf. Pfu; Bîlb cæ, mî rỖt.- Lbýg 6; haữ lhuyël lhuyël caỈu( jbôlh mbẨl) ĞỖa vỚa rfu tbã pbậa taếl bîlb rủf sẦmb, hệt vỏ mî rỖt `ël lhoîa rờa cfu jbô. ]fu Ėý mắt lbỏ vî gỏlh, mý bãlb dẦlh tƾƦlh ĖƾƦlh lbfu. 0.=. Tbaết `Ị, dứlh mứ Màl ạg bờlh lhoẦa Gæy Jitt Jbfy ĖỶlh vầt caỈu Màl TỨ sẩy 0.4. Mæmb tbỶm baỈl 0.4.6. 0.4 .6. ^bƾƦlh ^bƾƦlh pbæp pbæp Ėo Ėo trỶm trỶm taếp taếp  ]ủ dứlh màl ạg bờlh bờlh lhoẦa  - Cẩy 4 lhuyël caỈu trël vî gỘa gẪu cẩy cẸp cẦa = cẨl lbƾ lbfu, mbo vîo trolh mæm jbfy haẩy `ệm `Ầm. Taếl bîlb Ėo gỘa gẪu cẸp cẦa = cẨl. - Qëu mẨu gẪu; GỘa jbfy haẩy mbỡf gẪu ĖỆu mý cỚl bƦl 6h gẪu. - BoẦt Ėốlh gæy; @ầt môlh tắm, mîa ĖẸt mbế Ėố sẩy tbçmb bửp mbo màl ( ở Ėày tf taếl bîlb vỪf màl vỪf sẩy ở 6=> Ėố M). Mbo gẪu xæm ĖỊlb vîo trël Ėġf màl- gẪu pbậa dîl xếp gỏlh ĖỆu- rờa Ėýlh lắp gf÷ cẦa Ėọ taếl bîlb màl. ]fu jba sẩy Ėếl gốt tbỗa hafl tbã màl pbæt rf tçl baỈu `æo mbý lhƾỗa dñlh- Ėâl bờlh lhoẦa tắt- tbã jba 0   Ėý quæ trãlb sẩy Ėí xolh vî hba lbầl cẦa jết quậ ạg Ėố. TrƾỚm jba sẩy gẪu gỚa tf  pbậa taếl bîlb cîg lhuốa màl rờa gỚa sẩy taếp taếp mbo mæm cẨl mðl cẦa. - Tçlb haæ trỊ trulh `ãlb - @Ỗ trç tbç lhbaỈg tbio `ậlh sfu GẪu Mî rỖt Bîlb cæ Cûf HẦo CẨl JbỖa Tbỗa cƾửlh( h) hafl() G% G% R% 6 0 = 6 0= 6 0 = 6 0 = 0.4.0. 0.4 .0. ^bƾƦlh ^bƾƦlh pbæp pbæp Ėo Ėo haæl haæl taếp taếp  Gæy Jitt  - Mbề Ėo ạg Ėố mỨf mæm bẦt, lhš mỖm. Mbệl vầt caỈu ; bẦt cûf, bẦt hẦo. - BoẦt Ėốlh gæy; @ầt môlh tắm, cỶf mbệl mbế Ėố tbçmb bửp, rờa mbo mæm bẦt vîo trolh  `ố pbầl mbỡf gẪu Ėọ xæm xæm ĖỊlb ạg Ėố. - Ğệm haæ trỊ trël gæy 0.4. 0.4.=. =. ]ẩ ]ẩyy jbf jbfyy  Dñlh pbƾƦlh pbƾƦlh pbæp sẩy jbfy ở trolh trolh tỨ sẩy 5>>M  -  Lhuyël caỈu; Màl gốt jbỖa cƾửlh xæm ĖỊlb gẪu mẨl xæm ĖỊlb ạg( X) ” çt lbẩt tỪ 9- 6>h / gẪu- rờa mbo vîo haẩy `Ầm. TbỶm baỈl lbƾ vầy Ėọ mý 60 gẪu/ 4 lhuyël caỈu. =   - Ğƾf vîo tỨ sẩy sẩy jbô (Ėí mbệl mbế Ėố sẩy mbo tủ ở 5>>M). - ]fu mỡ gỘa 6 haỗ, cẩy gẪu rf mbo vîo `ãlb bût ạg, Ėọ Ėig Ėa màl cẦa jbỖa cƾửlh sfu sẩy. - ]fu Ėý, mbo gẪu cẦa vîo tỨ sẩy Ėọ taếp tứm sẩy rờa sfu gỘa haỗ cẩy rf vî màl cẦa. Taếp tứm tbỶm baỈl cẸp cẦa quæ trãlb trël mbo Ėếl jba jbỖa cƾửlh màl Ėƾửm mý haæ trỊ jbôlh Ėộa( Xd) - Tçlb toæl, xủ cç sỖ caỈu; Ảg Ėố toîl pbẨl mỨf vầt caỈu G7 X 6 ∐X  X  0 ( ) . 6>> % UỚa; X6 7 X+ Xb ; jbỖa cƾửlh haẩy `Ầm vî vầt caỈu trƾỚm jba sẩy( h) X0 ( h); ; jbỖa cƾửlh haẩy `Ầm vî vầt caỈu sfu jba sẩy X6- X0 ( h); jbỖa cƾửlh ạg Ėí `Ỗm bƦa sfu quæ trãlb sẩy X(h); jbỖa cƾửlh vầt caỈu ạg mẨl xæm ĖỊlb Ėố ạg - Uặ Ėờ tbỊ Ėƾỗlh molh sẩy ạg =. JẼ JẼT T VYẠ VYẠ UÎ LBảL LBảL RÁT RÁT =.6. =.6. ^b ^bƾƦ ƾƦlh lh pb pbæp æp mà màll ạg ạg bờl bờlhh lhoẦ lhoẦaa 4   @ậlh =.6; Jết quậ dñlh pbƾƦlh pbæp màl ạg bờlh lhoẦa GẪu CẨl 6 0 = 6 0 = 6 0 = 6 0 = Mî rỖt Bîlb cæ Cûf HẦo JbỖa Tbỗa cƾửlh( 6.>80h) 6.>69 6.>6 6.>>8 6.6>0 6.>66 6.64 6.6>6 6.648 6.>04 6.>61 6.>04 hafl() 68.= 65.51 61.2 66.5 69 66.0 68 61.6= 61.5 6>.0 66.6 6>.8 G% 21.= 1>.62 21.8 22.1 661.2 1>.0 66.19 66.69 66.81 60.42 60.64 60.88 G% 21.8=¶>.=>= 11.5=¶6=.=4 66.5=¶>.=0 60.45¶>.00 R% 28=.=1 ¶>.=>= 08680.8= ¶6=.=4 6=.65 ¶>.=0 64.04 ¶>.00  Lbầl xát; - Ưu Ėaọg;  Tbỗa hafl sẩy lbflb  Mý mbế Ėố xæm ĖỊlb ạg Ėố, tbỗa hafl, jbỖa cƾửlh, lbaỈt Ėố tỶ Ėôlh  Mý tbọ sẩy gẪu Ėếl jbỖa cƾửlh jbôlh Ėộa  Ğố mbçlb xæm ĖỖa vỚa mî rỖt, cûf, hẦo cî jbæ mfo, xẩp xề jboậlh ¶ >.=%. Mbề mý jết quậ mỨf bîlb cæ cî Ėố mbçlb xæm rẩt tbẩp ¶ 6=.=4% -  Lbƾửm Ėaọg;  Mbề sẩy Ėƾửm jbỖa cƾửlh vầt caỈu lbỏ ( vîa hfg) mý `Ệ gẸt `Ỗm bƦa cỚl( pbậa xủ cç `Ệ gẸt mƦ bệm)   Mbề xæm ĖỊlb ạg Ėố tỶ do- jbôlh sẩy jaỈt  Lếu sẩy quæ tbỗa hafl hafl Ėo cî 11 pbût- do gæy gẸm gẸm ĖỊlb tbã jết quậ jbôlh mbçlb xæm  =.0. ^bậa cîg lhuốa màl trƾỚm jba sẩy gẪu gỚa Gæy Jitt @ậlh =.0; Jết quậ Ėo ạg Ėố mỨf gẪu lhbaỆl 9   GẪu HẦo Cûf CẨl 6 64 65.= CẨl 0 64.6 69.2 CẨl = 64.6 65.9 G% 64.>8 65.0 R% 65.=8¶>.>4 61.==¶>.08 @ậlh =.=; Jết quậ Ėo ạg Ėố mỨf gẪu jbôlh lhbaỆl GẪu HẦo Cûf  Lbầl xát; CẨl 6 68.2 62.4 CẨl 0 68.9 62.5 CẨl = 62.6 62.1 G% 68.2 62.5= R% 06.59¶>.>0 00.1>¶>.62 - ^bƾƦlh pbæp dñlh gæy Jitti lîy rẩt ĖƦl haậl, sủ dứlh dỉ dîlh, Ėo Ėƾửm Ėố ạg trỶm taếp gî jbôlh quf tçlb toæl, xủ cç. - Tbỗa hafl lbflb mbề sfu vîa haày - Tuy lbaël, pbƾƦlh pbæp lîy mbề dñlh mbo mæm coẦa bẦt; cûf, lhš mỖ, Ėàu,… mðl mæm coẦa tbỶm pbạg jbæm lbƾ rfu, mî rỖt …. Tbã jbôlh dñlh Ėƾửm. - Ğố mbçlb xæm jbôlh mfo vã mðl tñy tbuốm vîo jçmb tbƾỚm, bãlb dẦlh, Ėố `ạl, lhbaỆl gẪu boẸm jbôlh lhbaỆl gẪu………( Vuf 0 `ậlh jết quậ trël, tf mý tbẩy sỶ jbæm lbfu lîy) - Ờ jboậlh Ėố tbẩp tbã sfa sỖ mbề mý ¶>.=%, lbƾlh ở Ėố ạg mfo, sfa sỖ mý tbọ cël Ėếl ¶=% -  Lbƾ `ậlh jết quậ trël tf tbẩy sfa sỖ rẩt lbỏ -lbỏ bƦl ¶ >.=%, ạg Ėố tƾƦlh tƾƦlh ĖỖa tbẩp, lël jết quậ trël jbæ mbçlb xæm =.= .=.. ^bƾƦlh pb pbæp sẩ sẩy jb jbfy 5   -Cûf, hẦo; gîu sælh. -Mîî rỖ -M rỖt; t; gỆg gỆg, TrƾỚm jba sẩy cæt cæt gỏ gỏlh lh,, gîu gîu mfg mfg tƾƦa tƾƦa,, jçmb jçmb tbƾỚm Ėờlh ĖỆu vî cỚl, mý bãlb dẦlh rù rîlh. -Bîlb cæ; GỆg, gîu xflb tƾƦa. -Cûf, hẦo; mỡlh bƦl, bƦ l, gîu gîu sẪg sẪg bƦl. -Mîî rỖ -M rỖtt; haðl haðl,, ]fu jba sẩy jçmb jçmb tbƾỚ tbƾỚmm tbu tbu lbỏ cẦa, gîu sẪg cfa, tỖa bƦl, jbôl jb ôlhh mý bãlb bãlb dẦlh rù rîlh -Bîlb cæ; haðl, dỉ læt, gîu xflb sẪg bƦl @ậlh =.4; Jết quậ jbỖa cƾửlh mỨf lhuyël caỈu sfu mæm cẨl màl (ĖƦl vỊ ; hfg) 8   Mî rỖt Gt` @fl ĖẨu 9 9 9 9 CẨl 6 =.94 0.11 =.=9 =.01 CẨl 0 0.>8 6.48 6.5= 6.80 CẨl = 6.64 >.88 >.24 >.10 CẨl 4 >.51 >.50 >.56 >.54 CẨl 9 >.5 >.92 >.92 >.91 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0.581= 0.54 0.51 4.8= 4.89 4.59 4.86 4.85 4.2= 4.2 4.2 >.194 >.29 >.16 4.5= 4.21 4.9= 4.52 4.95 4.55 4.58 4.5= >.4926 >.49 >.42 4.95 4.95 4.9 4.94 4.40 4.50 4.58 4.98 >.412 >.49 >.48 4.94 4.99 4.45 4.90 4.40 4.4= 4.5= 4.9 >.428 >.49 >.48 4.9 4.9= 4.4= 4.41 4.46 4.92 4.50 4.9 Bîlb cæ Gt` Cûf Gt` HẦo Gt` Rủ cç sỖ caỈu; - Gf ; JbỖa cƾửlh ạg tẦa  tbỗ a  Ėaọ g  a  (h)7 Gt` (JbỖa cƾửlh trulh `ãlb mỨf gẪu tẦa tbỗa Ėaọg a (h) ) ” jbỖa cƾửlh trulh `ãlb mỨf gẪu cẨl muỖa mñlh(h) - JbỖ a  cƾử lh  ạ g  tẦa  tbỗ a  Ėaọ g  a ( h ) * 6>>%7 Ảg Ėố (%) 7  JbỖ a  cƾử lh   trul trulh h `ã `ãlbm lbmỨf  gẪ u  tẦa  tbỗ a  Ėaọ g  a ( h )    G f  G tt`` *6>>% @ậlh =.9; Jết quậ xủ cç sỖ caỈu GẪu Tbôl h sỖ @fl ĖẨu- Mî rỖt Bîlb cæ Ảg Gt` Gf Ėố Ảg Gt` (%) 9 4.46 22. 0 Cûf Gf Ėố Ảg Gt` (%) 9 4.9= 1>. 5  HẦo Gf Ėố Ảg Gt` Gf (%) 9 >.96 6>.0 Ėố (%) 9 >.9 6> 2   >b 6b =.01 0.8 0b 6.80 6.6= 20 59. 8  =9. >.10 >.== 1 >.54 >.>9 1.4 >.91 > > =b 4b 9b 0.91 0.60 >.16 >.44 26. 1 42. 4 4.86 >.00 4.8 4.52 >.61 4 >.42 >.>6 0.6 4.94 >.>9 6.6 >.48 >.48 4.90 >.>= >.8 4.41 > > > > > > 4.2 4.5  = 4.9 8  4.9 4.9 >.= 5.= >.6= 0.2 >.>8 6.9 > > > >  Ğờ tbỊ;  Lbầl xát; - ^bƾƦlh pbæp lîy ĖƦl haậl, cî pbƾƦlh pbæp mbuạl Ėọ so sælb vỚa mæm pbƾƦlh pbæp jbæm, jết quậ jbæm mbçlb xæm - TỖl tbỗa hafl càu- vîa haỗ Ėờlh bờ Ėọ xæm ĖỊlb bîg cƾửlh ạg trolh gẪu - TỪ Ėờ tbỊ;  Cûf, vî hẦo `fl ĖẨu mý ạg Ėố tbẩp, Ėƾỗlh molh vỆ sỶ tbfy Ėộa ạg Ėố hẨl lbƾ cî gốt Ėƾỗlh molh Ėa hẨl trứm boîlb. 1    Bîlb cæ, mî rỖt mý Ėƾỗlh môlh sẩy ạg cî lbữlh Ėƾỗlh molh dỖm, mý sỶ mbëlb cỈmb haữf mæm tbỗa Ėaọg cẩy gẪu rf jbậo sæt. ]o sælb jết quậ lbýg haữ lhuyël vỚa lbýg mbẨl gẪu trolh lƾỚm lýlh vî lbýg mbẨl gẪu trolh dulh dỊmb vatfgal M; Tbã tf tbẩy jết quậ mî rỖt mbẨl trolh vatfgal M mý gîu Ėằp gắt bƦl. Uatfgal M mý jbậ lčlh haữ lƾỚm, haữ gîu cẦa mbo sậl pbạg. =.4. Jết cuầl - Vuæ trãlb sẩy `Ị ậlb bƾởlh `ởa rẩt lbaỆu yếu tỖ lbƾ Ėố ạg jbôlh jbç vîo vî rf jbỏa cð sẩy, tbỗa hafl sẩy, lbaỈt Ėố gôa trƾỗlh, mbế Ėố sẩy,… - Mý lbaỆu pbƾƦlh pbæp Ėọ xæm ĖỊlb ạg Ėố mỨf tbỶm pbạg. 6. MƮ ]Ờ CÇ TBYQ TB@ÎA YQẼT ẼT0; ĞỒ LBớT TBỾM ^BẢG 6.6. Jbæa laỈg - Ğố lbỚt cî gốt ĖẦa cƾửlh vầt c÷ ĖẸm trƾlh mbo cỶm gf sæt lốa tẦa Ėƾửm salb rf haữf mæm pbàl tủ `ël trolh dulh dỊmb Ėọ mbỖlh cẦa sỶ da mbuyọl dƾỚa tæm dứlh mỨf lhoẦa cỶm. - Mbẩt cỏlh mbaf cîg 0 coẦa;  Mbẩt cỏlh Liwtol; cî lbữlh mbẩt cỏlh tuàl tbio ĖỊlb cuầt Liwtol vỆ Ėố  lbỚt. Mbẩt cỏlh pba Liwtol; cî lbữlh mbẩt cỏlh jbôlh tuàl tbio ĖỊlb cuầt  Liwtol vỆ Ėố lbỚt. GỖa qufl qufl bỈ haữf ỡlh suẩt mắt vî tỖm Ėố mắt mắt jbôlh pbậa cî Ėƾỗlh tbẽlh boẸm jbôlh Ėa quf hỖm tệf Ėố 6.0 6.0. Mæ Mæmm pbƾ pbƾƦƦlh pb pbæp æp Ėo Ėố lb lbỚt 6.0.6.. Ğo Ėố lbỚt `Ặlh lbỚt jế gfo 6.0.6 gfo quậl quậl  Lhuyël cç; Lếu mbẩt cỏlh mbậy quf mæm gfo quậl, lý mý Ėố lbỚt mîlh mfo tbã mbậy mîlh mbầg. Uã vầy tf mý tbọ dỶf vîo tçlb mbẩt lîy Ėọ xæm ĖỊlb Ėố lbỚt mủf mbẩt cỏlh. 6>   6.0.0.. Ğo Ėố lbỚt `Ặlh gæy Ėo trứm 6.0.0 trứm qufy qufy Ğố lbỚt Ėƾửm Ėo `Ặlh mæmb mbo trứm xacflb qufy ở gốt tỖm Ėố mbệl trƾỚm vî ở gốt gogil qufy mẨl tbaết Ėọ tbắlh cỶm mậl mỨf Ėố lbỚt mỨf mbẩt cỏlh mẨl Ėo. ^bƾƦlh pbæp lîy mbo pbáp tf xæm ĖỊlb gỖa qufl bỈ caël tứm haữf ỡlh suẩt mắt vî tỖm Ėố mắt. 0. TA TAẼL ẼL BÎLB BÎLB TB TBÇÇ LHB LHBAễ AễG G 0.6. Gứm Ėçmb Ræm Ėalb Ėố lbỚt mỨf gốt sô coẦa tbỶm pbạg tbôlh quf pbƾƦlh pbæp dñlh gæy Ėo trứm qufy. 0.0. Lhuyël caỈu - GẪu 6; TƾƦlh Ớt + 6>gc lƾỚm mẩt - Gẩu 0; TƾƦlh Ớt + 0>gc lƾỚm mẩt 0.=. Dứlh mứ Gæy Ėo Ėố lbỚt trứm qufy Mæm ĖẨu Ėý; ]56, ]50,]5=,]54. 0.4. Mæmb tbỶm baỈl - Mbo gẪu cỏlh vîo mỖm. - Cắp tỪlh ĖẨu Ėo trël vîo gæy vî taếl bîlb mîa ĖẸt mæm mbế Ėố pbñ bửp.( Ėố lbỚt mîlh lbỏ tbã Ėƾỗlh jçlb mîlh cỚl) - Mbệl tỖm Ėố qufy sfo mbo % gogil qufy trolh jboậlh =>- 8> % tbã hba lbầl jết quậ vỆ Ėố lbỚt tƾƦlh ỡlh - Taếl bîlb Ėo cẨl cƾửt tỪlh gẪu ở mæm tỖm Ėố jbæm lbfu vî mæm Ėƾỗlh jçlb jbæm lbfu. - Mbû ÷; Lếu mý mbữ III xuẩt baỈl trël gîl bãlb tbã `ỏ vðlh Ėo Ėý rờa Ėo ở vðlh Ėo vî tỖm Ėố jbæm. -  Lếu mý lbaỆu haæ trỊ trỊ pbñ bửp tbã cẩy haæ trỊ trulh trulh `ãlb =. JẼ JẼT T VYẠ VYẠ UÎ LBảL LBảL RÁT RÁT =.6. Jết quậ 66   Trolh gỘa `ậlh, tf sặ mbệl mæm haæ trỊ Ėố lbỚt tƾƦlh ỡlh mý % gogilt tỪ =>8>%. ]fu Ėý cẩy mẩm haæ trỊ trulh `ãlb tbã tf sặ xæm ĖỊlb Ėƾửm Ėố lbỚt mỨf gffux lhuyël caỈu tẦa ĖẨu Ėo Ėý. DLt`; Haæ trỊ Ėố lbỚt trulh `ãlb Mbû ÷; Mæm haæ trỊ al lhbaëlh mý gîu Ėỏ trolh `ậlh sặ cî lbữlh haæ trỊ gî tf mbệl Ėọ tçlb toæl. Mðl lbữlh ô jbôlh mý haæ trỊ, lhbġf cî jba tbỶm baỈl Ėo Ėố lbỚt, jết quậ gîl bãlb gæy xuẩt baỈl –III‗ @îlh =.6; Jết quậ Ėo Ėố lbỚt mỨf gẪu tƾỗlh Ớt+ 6>gc lƾỚm mẩt ở ĖẨu Ėo ]54. ]Ỗ vðlh/pbût >.= >.9 >.5 % Ğố lbỚt 2.8 6=.1 68.6 684>>> 658>>> 686>>> 66.9 =64.09 09>29>0>>>> 0 0.9 = 4 9 5 6> 60 0> => 9> 5> 6>> 65.5 62 68.9 68 62 62.5 06.9 00.4 09.0 02.0 ==.9 =5.8 44.5 412>> =12>> =9>>> 099>> 065>> 625>> 601>> 660>> 895> 954> 4>0> =551 0589 60     DLt` 7 9=216 4 9 5 6> 60 0> => 9> 5> 6>> @îlh =.0; Jết quậ Ėo Ėố lbỚt mỨf gẪu tƾỗlh Ớt+ 6>gc lƾỚm mẩt ở ĖẨu Ėo ]5=. ]Ỗ vðlh/pbû % Ğố lbỚt t >.= >.9 >.5 6 21.9 =0 ==.1 9>.4 =981>> 852>> 582>> 5>9>> 6.9 0 0.9 = 4455..=9 41.1 90.6 =04852=1>> 0=19> 0>24> @îlh =.=; Jết quậ Ėo Ėố lbỚt mỨf gẪu tƾỗlh Ớt+ 6>gc lƾỚm mẩt ở ĖẨu Ėo ]50. ]Ỗ vðlh/pbût >.= >.9 >.5 6 6.9 0 0.9 = 4 9 % Ğố lbỚt 14.6 85.2 14>2> 45>8>   95 91.0 50.6 86.8 89.5 28.1 6588> 640>> 6044> 25>> 8992 908= DLt` 7 =9920 60 0> => 9> 5> 6>> 5 6> 6=   @îlh =.4; Jết quậ Ėo Ėố lbỚt mỨf gẪu tƾỗlh Ớt+ 0>gc lƾỚm mẩt ở ĖẨu Ėo ]50 ]Ỗ vðlh/pbût >.= >.9 >.5 6 6.9 0 0.9 = 4 9 5 6> 60 0> => 9> 5> 6>> % 25.9 Ğố lbỚt 2542> 64   @îlh =.9; Jết quậ Ėo Ėố lbỚt mỨf gẪu tƾỗlh Ớt+ 0>gc lƾỚm mẩt ở @îlh =.5; Jết quậ Ėo Ėố lbỚt mỨf gẪu tƾỗlh Ớt +0>gc lƾỚm mẩt ở ĖẨu Ėo ]54. ]Ỗ ĖẨu Ėo ]5= vðlh/pbût ]Ỗ % Ğố lbỚt vðlh/pbût 48.8 1>2>> >.= >.9 09.9 560>> 5=4>> >.5 =6.8 6 45.2 956>> 6.9 56.6 4228> 0 =8.6 0005> 0.9 45.6 0060> = 44.9 682>> 4 49.4 6=50> 9 96.2 604=> 5 95.6 6600> 6> 92.4 8>0> 60 56.8 5651 0> 8>.4 400= => 81.9 =62= 9> 10.4 0008 5> 12.= 6190 6>>   DLt` 7 =>69>.89 =.0. >.= >.9 >.5 6 6.9 0 0.9 = 4 9 5 6> 60 0> => 9> 5> 6>>   % 0.0 0.1 6>.4 61.5 0=.> 08.2 62 64.5 62.4 62.5 06.6 00.= 09.6 02.5 ==.5 =9.8 40.1 DLt` 7=41>.58 Ğố lbỚt 05>>> 01>>> 504>> 824>> 51>>> 558>> =5>>> 061>> 006>> 624>> 6055> 6669> 89=> 952> 4>=> =251 098= Lbầl xá xát vî vî jế jết cu cuầl TƾƦlh Ớt cî mbẩt cỏlh pba Liwtol, mý Ėố lbỚt mfo Mñlh gốt coẦa ĖẨu Ėo, tbã dulh dỊmb tƾƦlh Ớt vî 6>gc lƾỚm mẩt mý Ėố lbỚt mfo bƦl dulh dỊmb tƾƦlh Ớt vî 0>gc lƾỚm mẩt ( 9=216<=41>.58 ở Ėîu Ėo ]54: =9920<=>69>.89 ở ĖẨu Ėo ]5=). Dulh dỊmb tƾƦlh Ớt vî 6>gc lƾỚm mẩt mý Ėố lbỚt mfo bƦl dulh dỊmb tƾƦlh Ớt vî 0>gc lƾỚm mẩt Gæy @roojeaicd dỉ sủ dứlh, haûp tf Ėo Ėố lbỚt mæm dulh dỊmb lbflb mbýlh, mbo jết quậ jbæ mbçlb xæm (sfa sỖ lbỏ). 69   @ÎA =; ĞO LBAễT DYLH PAËLH TBỾM ^BẢG 6. MƮ ]Ờ CÇ TBYQ TBYQẼT ẼT 6.6. Jbæa laỈg -  LbaỈt dulh raếlh mỨf sậl pbạg( M p); cî lbaỈt cƾửlh mẨl tbaết Ėọ làlh lbaỈt Ėố mỨf 6 ĖƦl vỊ jbỖa cƾửlh ( jh) tbỶm pbạg tčlh cël 6 Ėố M. - Haæ trỊ lbaỈt dulh raëlh mæm mbẩt jbæm lbfu, vî pbứ tbuốm vîo mæm yếu tỖ; Ėố ạg,tbîlb pbẨl, lbaỈt Ėố….. -  LbaỈt dulh raếlh mỨf gốt mbẩt mý tbọ Ėƾửm xæm ĖỊlb `Ặlh mæmb sủ dứlh lbaỈt cƾửlh jế jế ĖoẦl lbaỈt. lbaỈt. Trolh Trolh Ėý sỶ tbfy tbfy Ėộa lbaỈt lbaỈt Ėố mỨf gốt cƾ cƾửlh ửlh vầt ccaỈu aỈu xæm ĖỊlb mbƾf `aết lbaỈt dulh raëlh Ėƾửm so sælb vỚa sỶ tbfy Ėộa lbaỈt Ėố mỨf gốt cƾửlh xæm Ėalb vầt caỈu Ėí `aết lbaỈt dulh raëlh sfu jba bfa vầt caỈu Ėý Ėƾửm trốl cẨl vîo lbfu vî Ėọ ĖẦt Ėếl trẦlh tbæa màl `Ặlh. @ỏ quf sỶ tbẩt tboæt lbaỈt rf gôa trƾỗlh. Tf sặ xæm ĖỊlb lbaỈt dulh raëlh `Ặlh pbƾƦlh trãlb màl `Ặlh lbaỈt cƾửlh; gm. Mm. Ta + gv. Mv.Ta + gs. Ms. Ts 7 ( gm .Mm + gv. Mv + gs. Ms) . Tg Trolh Ėý Ėý; T; llbbaỈt Ėố Ėố.( Ėố Ėố M) M) g; jbỖa cƾửlh.(jh) M; lbaỈt dulh raëlh.(jK/(jh. Ėố M)) a; cûm ĖẨu, s; vầt gẪu, g; bỘl bửp, m; lƾỚm, v; væmb `ãlb.  Lbƾ vầy tf mý pbƾƦlh trãlb; Ta ) (Mv .g v + Mm.gm )( Tg ” Ta Ms7 gs . ( Ts ∐ Tg ) 6.0 6.0. ^bƾƦ bƾƦlh pb pbæp æp tbç lh lhba baỈỈg Mæmb 6; Dñlh dứlh mứ jbôlh mý bốp ĖỶlh gẪu. Mæmb 0; Dñlh dứlh mứ mý bốp ĖỶlh gẪu 0. TA TAẼL ẼL BÎLB BÎLB TBÇ TBÇ LHA LHAễG ễG Dñlh dứlh mứ jbôlh mý bốp ĖỶlh gẪu. 0.6. Lhuyël cacaỈu, dứ dứlh mứ mứ 65