Tài liệu Từ vựng paraphrase các chủ ngữ trong ielts writing task 1

Một trong bốn tiêu chí chấm IELTS Writing task 1 là từ vựng đa dạng phong phú. Tuy các đối tƣợng so sánh trong writing task 1 không nhiều, nhƣng thực tế các bạn lại đang gặp phải 1 vấn đề: Thiếu từ vựng để paraphrase đối tượng được so sánh. Dƣới đây là những từ và cụm từ đƣợc tổng hợp lại giúp bạn giải quyết vấn đề trên. Hãy đọc kỹ ví dụ để tránh dùng sai! 1. Từ vựng về nhóm tuổi One person:  He is 10 years old.  He is a 10-year-old.  He is aged 10. More than one person:  The children in the class are all 10 years old.  It is a class of 10-year-olds  It is a class 10-year-old children.  The children in the class are all aged 10. Age groups with more than one person:  The chart shows the hobbies of children (who are) between 10 and 12 years old.  The chart shows the hobbies of 10- to 12-year-olds  The chart shows the hobbies of 10- to 12-year-old children.  The chart shows the hobbies of children (who are) aged 10 to 12.  The chart shows the hobbies of children who fall into 10 to 12 age group Ngoài ra một số từ khác nhƣ: WEB: http://thanhloanblog.com/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/congdonghocielts Page 1 Children = youngsters = the young = young people The number of people in their forties (những ngƣời ở độ tuổi 40, tức từ 40 – 49 tuổi) Teenagers (miêu tả độ tuổi teen, tức từ 11-19 tuổi) The elderly = elderly people = senior citizens Adult (ngƣời lớn) 2. Giới tính - Male và female vừa là danh từ đếm đƣợc vừa là tính từ, và nó đƣợc dùng cho ngƣời ở bất cứ độ tuổi nào Eg: The number of males aged under 14 years old was 100 The number of male children aged under 14 years old was 100 - Men và women chỉ dùng cho ngƣời lớn. Tức khi đề bài nói đối tƣợng là children hoặc là ngƣời dƣới 18 tuổi thì không nên dùng từ này để thay thế - Boys và girls chỉ nên đƣợc dùng cho trẻ em 3. Lượng chi tiêu hàng tuần - Average weekly spending - spent on average - average expenditure - weekly spending figures - levels of spending - spent per week - expenditure per week 4. Từ vựng về tên nước và người nước đó WEB: http://thanhloanblog.com/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/congdonghocielts Page 2 Tên nước Người ở nước đó Canada Canadians England The English/ English people Turkey The Turkish/ Turkish people Spain The Spanish/ Spanish people The USA Americans Germany Germans Italy Italians Sweden The Swedish/Swedish people Mexico Mexicans Japan Japaneses Ireland The Irish/ Irish people Trong phần đề bài, nếu câu hỏi không liệt kê tên nƣớc (e.g. "in three countries"), bạn có hai cách để viết lại trong introduction của mình nhƣ sau - "in Britain, France and Germany" - "in three countries, namely Britain, France and Germany". Không quên dùng “the” trƣớc 1 số nƣớc nhƣ "the USA", "the UK" và the “US” Các cấu trúc câu có thể dùng vs tên nƣớc  The number of elderly people in the USA rose.  The number of Americans aged 65 and over rose over the period shown.  Canada also saw a rise in the number of elderly people.  However, the figure for Australia fell. 5. Người dùng Internet WEB: http://thanhloanblog.com/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/congdonghocielts Page 3 The percentage of people who used the Internet The percentage of people using the Internet The percentage of people who had access to the Internet Internet usage The percentage of Internet users Eg: - The proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20%. - The proportion of Internet users in the USA was about 20%. 6. Tỷ lệ thất nghiệp The proportion of people who were unemployed The proportion of people who were jobless Levels of unemployment Unemployment rate The proportion of people without job Level of joblessness Eg: - The number of 16 -to 24-year-olds who were unemployed in England was around 18% in 2000 - Level of unemployment in England fell to only 10% in 2002 - Unemployment rate in England was higher than the figure for Mexico - The proportion of English 16 -to 24-year-olds without job was around 18% in 2000 - Level of joblessness in England fell to only 10% in 2002 - The proportion of people who were jobless in England fell to only 10% in 2002 WEB: http://thanhloanblog.com/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/congdonghocielts Page 4 7. Tỷ lệ người nghèo Poverty rate Level of poverty The percentage of people who live in poverty The percentage of people who live under the poverty line Poverty level Be poor Eg: - Poverty rate in Vietnam was much higher than that of Canada, at 10% and 2% respectively. - The percentage of people who live in poverty in Vietnam was much higher than that of Canada, at 10% and 2% respectively. - 10% of Vietnamese people were poor, compared with only 2% of Canadians. 8. Doanh thu bán hàng Sales = turnover - Sales of fast food increased over the period shown - Turnover from fast food increased over the period shown - Fast food earned/obtained/gained just under $6 billion 9. Hàng năm, hàng tháng, hàng tuần… Per person = per capita = an average of = average + Noun Annual = yearly = per year Per week = weekly = each week = a week Eg: - Average yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly $200 - Consumption of pizza dropped to 10 kilograms per person per year WEB: http://thanhloanblog.com/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/congdonghocielts Page 5 - The per capita consumption of beef in the US rose from around 60 to a peak of 90 pounds - US beef consumption rose from around 60 to a peak of 90 pounds per person - The amount of beef consumed by the average American rose from around 60 to a peak of 90 pounds 10. Chi tiêu Danh từ: Spending = expenditure Động từ: be spent on = be allocated for = be used for = be expended = be paid out for Danh từ chỉ ngƣời: Spender Eg: - In 2010, expenditure on mobile phones rose to around $750. - In 2010, spending on mobile phones rose to around $750 - In 2010, Swedish consumers spent around $750 on mobile phones - In 2010, around $750 was allocated for mobile phones by Swedish consumers - Swedish people were the largest spenders on mobile phones, with around $750 expended on this - Sweden had the highest percentage of expenditure for mobile phones 11. Phương tiện giao thông Các từ và cum từ paraphrase số lƣợng ngƣời dùng xe ô tô, chúng ta sử dụng tƣơng tự với nhiều phƣơng tiện khác nhƣ bus, train… The number of people who use cars The number of people driving to work The number of car commuters WEB: http://thanhloanblog.com/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/congdonghocielts Page 6 The number of people who commute by car The number of people who travel by car The number of car users Eg: - Approximately 5 million was the number of bus users in 2010. - Around 5 million commuters traveled by bus in 2010 - The bus was used by about 5 million people in 2010 Nếu đi bằng xe đạp: The number of people who cycle to work = the number of cycling commuters Nếu đi bằng tàu hỏa: The number of rail passengers 12. Sư sản xuất và tiêu thụ - Tiêu thụ (Noun) Consumption (Verb): be used, be consumed, be drunk or be eaten - Sản xuất: (Noun): production, manufacture (Verb): be produced, be made, be manufactured, 13. 3 notes quan trọng nhất - Don't forget to write a good summary/overview of the information. A quick one-sentence conclusion is not good enough. I prefer to put the overview straight after the introduction, and I try to write 2 sentences describing the information in general. You won't get a high score if you don't write a good overview. - Don't describe items separately (e.g. 2 lines on a graph). You should always try to compare things if it is possible to do so. Instead of describing 2 lines separately, compare the 2 lines at key points. WEB: http://thanhloanblog.com/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/congdonghocielts Page 7 - Don't try to describe every number on a chart or graph (unless there are only a few numbers). A key skill in task 1 is being able to choose the key information and describe or compare it well. I usually mention around 6 or 7 numbers in my main paragraphs.  CẢM ƠN CÁC BẠN ĐÃ ĐỌC BÀI. NẾU BÀI VIẾT HỮU ÍCH, HÃY LIKE VÀ SHARE ĐẾN BẠN BÈ CỦA MÌNH.  BẠN SẼ TÌM ĐƢỢC NHIỀU THÔNG TIN HỮU ÍCH KHÁC TRONG FANPAGE.  NẾU BẠN ĐANG MUỐN HỌC IELTS MÀ CHƢA BIẾT NÊN BẮT ĐẦU Ở ĐÂU, CÁCH HỌC NHƢ THẾ NÀO  HÃY THAM KHẢO: http://thanhloanblog.com/category/new-english-events  KHÓA HỌC MỚI NHẤT: THÁNG 12 HỌC XONG TRƢỚC TẾT. ĐĂNG KÝ TẠI: http://123.uhm.vn/136735 ĐỂ NHẬN MAIL KHI CÓ THÔNG TIN CỤ THỂ VỀ KHÓA HỌC WEB: http://thanhloanblog.com/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/congdonghocielts Page 8