Z_ƣốMB ĔẤK @ềE ĔKỌM AỴE
I@CN EÚMB MB@Ọ Z@ÚMB ZKM
OÎC EÎC E@X[ÇM ĔỄ @ềE T@ẬM
EƤ Uờ AạT Z_ÁM@ RHO
ĔỄ ZK7
Z@KẽZ Iẽ BKNC JKỌM RHOUKZH OÎM Z@KẽZ Oệ
E@ƤK BNFH
Ukm` vkçm t`Ỿe `kỂm
7 Z_ẬM ĔďMB ^XNMB
MBX[ỊM @CK MNF
MBX[ỊM @X[ IKÇM
Bkấm
Bk
ấmbb vvkç
kçm
m `ƴộ
`ƴộmb
mb jẩm
jẩm 7 EÛ
EÛ \KỌ
\KỌZ
Z JŠM
JŠMB
B
Mbäm`
7 EÚMB MB@Ọ Z@ÚMB ZKM
Aộp
7 J>5EMTF8
I`õn
7 ?4>0-?4?5
@ä Mớk, t`îmb
t`îmb 2 mąf ?4?4
1
T@KẽX E@ẪF ĔKỏF
UZZ
@Ệ vä tçm skm` vkçm
>
Z_ẬM ĔďMB ^XNMB
Få U\7 >00>45?42?>
?
MBX[ỊM @CÄK MNF
MNF
Få U\7
Mớk jumb t`Ỿe `kỂm
Ĕkễf
E`ợ
iö
Z`kẳt iẳ oỞ eỨe anycut,
açm ö tƴồmb, \kẳt oîc
eîc, Ecjh bknc jkỂm trnmb
e`Ợ (trƴộe vä snu i`k
Ğąmb m`Ầp), Ğąmb m`Ầp,
Ğąmb iö, mbƴỖk jûmb, bkể
`ämb.
Ecjh trnmb ĞƮm `ämb,
t`úmb oîc, e`k tkẳt sấm
p`ẫf,
trụ bk÷p,
bk÷p
jỨmb, e`ịm`
sỦn, tấk
oîcừmb
eîc
5
MBX[ỊM @X[ IKÇM
IKÇM
Få U\7
@Ệ vä tçm bkấmb vkçm
Ecjh trnmb mbïm `ämb,
Ğỉn e`ị, ĞỘk fẦt i`ẫu, væ
vcue`hr, s`cphhxu
E`ợ iö
B`k e`÷
Bkấmb vkçm e`Ẩf >7
Bkấmb vkçm e`Ẩf ?7
2
FỪE AỪE
JNM@ FỪE @ÁM@ ắM@..............................................................
ắM@.........................................................................................>
...........................>
AốK MÕK ĔẬX...............................................
ĔẬX............................................................................
............................................................?
...............................?
E@ƣƤMB > 7 ZỚMB ^XNM \Ễ RHOUKZH...........................................................5
>.> RHO ZĠM@ AÄ BÁ3............................................................................................5
>.? RHO ĔỐMB AÄ BÁ 3.........................................................................................:
MBÚM
ÚM MBử
MBử Ĕ
ĔÎM
ÎM@
@J
JẪX
ẪX UKÇX
UKÇX \ďM
\ďM OắM
OắM @Z
@ZFA
FA.............................................8
>.5 MB
>.5.> I`îk mkỂf..................................................................................................8
>.5.? ĔẲe Ğkễf...............................................
Ğkễf............................................................................
.....................................................8
........................8
>.5.5 OỞ eỨe @ZFA....................................................
@ZFA.................................................................................
........................................<
...........<
MBÚM
ÚM MBử
MBử Ĕ
ĔKỄ
KỄX
X I@K
I@KỏM
ỏM GN\N
GN\NUE
UE_KT
_KTZ
Z..........................................................0
>.8 MB
>.< Z@ƣ \KỌM G^XH_[..........................................................................................;
E@ƣƤMB ? BKỗK Z@KỌX \Ễ RHOUKZH OÎM Z@KẽZ Oệ E@ƤK BNFH...........>>
?.> FÚ Zắ [ÇX EẬX...........................................................................................>>
?.? EÎE @Ọ Z@ỔMB MB@KỌT \Ừ.........................................................................>>
?.?.> Zrnmb e`Ợ..............................................
e`Ợ...........................................................................
................................................
......................>>
...>>
?.?.? Zrnmb t`úmb tkm e`k tkẳt sấm p`ẫf............................................................>>
?.?.5 Zrnmb Ğąmb iö täk i`cấm.........................................................................
i`cấm..........................................................................>?
.>?
?.?.: Zrnmb Ğąmb m`Ầp......................................................
m`Ầp............................................................................
................................
..........>?
>?
?.?.8 Zrnmb bkể `ämb...............................................
`ämb.........................................................................................>?
..........................................>?
?.?.< Zrnmb ushr prclkah....................................................................................>5
?.?.2 Zrnmb trụ bk÷p………………………
bk÷p……………………………………………
…………………………………..>5
……………..>5
?.?.0 Zrnmb t`úmb oîc..................................................
oîc.......................................................................................>5
.....................................>5
?.?.; Zrnmb ĞƮm fun...............................................
fun............................................................................
..........................................>5
.............>5
?.?.>4 Zrnmb ừmb jỨmb...............................................
jỨmb............................................................................
.......................................>5
..........>5
?.?.>> Zrnmb mbïm `ämb……………………
`ämb………………………………………
………………………………….>5
……………….>5
?.?.>? Zrnmb Ğỉn e`ị………………………
e`ị…………………………………………
…………………………………..>5
………………..>5
?.?.>5 Zrnmb fẦt i`ẫu……………………
i`ẫu…………………………………………
…………………………………..>5
……………..>5
?.?.>: Zrnmb væ vcue`hr………………………
vcue`hr……………………………………………
………………………………>5
…………>5
3
?.?.>8 Zrnmb s`cphh xu……………………
xu…………………………………………
………………………………….>:
…………….>:
?.5 FỪE ZKÇX PÏ[
PÏ[ JỴMB Z_NMB
Z_NMB RHO OÎM
OÎM Z@KẽZ Oệ E@ƤK
E@ƤK BNFH..>:
BNFH. .>:
E@ƣƤMB 5 Z@KẽZ Iẽ OỔ EỪE......................................................................
EỪE..........................................................................>8
....>8
5.> T@ẬM @HNJH_ Z_NMB RHO...................................................................
RHO...................................................................>8
>8
5.? T@ẬM ECMZHMZ Z_NMB RHO Zrnmb E`Ợ..............................................>8
5.?.> Onmmhr................
Onmmhr.............................................
.........................................................
.........................................................
.............................>8
>8
5.?.? Jnm` FỨe Eîe Uấm T`ẫf................
T`ẫf.............................................
........................................................
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><
5.?.5 Fhmu trîk trnmb who.....................................................................
who.................................................................................>2
............>2
5.5 T@ẬM LCCZH_ Z_NMB RHO.........................................................................>2
E`ƴƮmb :7 IẽZ ^Xắ Z@ỴE @KỌM........................................................
@KỌM.....................................................................
...............>0
..>0
:.> BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB E@Ử...............................................................................>0
:.? BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB E@Ử UNX I@K ĔďMB M@ạT..........................................>;
:.5 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB ĔďMB M@ạT..................................................................>;
:.: BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB ĔďMB IÖ......................................................................?4
:.8 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB @ở UƤ EÎ M@ÏM...........................................................?4
:.< BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB BKọ @ÄMB.....................................................................?>
:.2 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB ĔƤM FXN......................................................................??
:.0 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB Z@ÚMB OÎC.........................................................................??
:.; BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB Z@ÚMB ZKM E@K ZKẽZ UắM T@ắF................................?5
:.>4 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB Z_ữ BK×T....................................................................?:
:.>> BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB ỠMB JXMB ….………………………………..……..?8
:.>? BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB MBÏM @ÄMB……
@ÄMB………………………
………………………………..?<
……………..?<
:.>5 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB ĔệN E@Ề………
E@Ề……………………………
…………………………………...?2
……………...?2
:.>: BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB FạZ I@ẠX………
I@ẠX…………………………
………………………………?0
……………?0
:.>8 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB \Æ \CXE@H_…
\CXE@H_……………………
………………………………….?;
……………….?;
:.>< BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB U@CTHH PX…
PX………………………
……………………………………5
………………544
:.>2.UCX_EH ECJH G^XH_[ IẽZ @ữT EUU5 ZẤC @KỌX ỠMB UKÇX FƣữZ E@C
Z_NMBRHO…………………………………………………………………….. 5>
:.>2.>. M÷t Onei Zc Zcp..................................................................................
Zcp..................................................................................5>
5>
:.>2.?. @kỂu ừmb e`Ỗ tấk trnmb tẮc eấf bkîe jỈ e`ỉu e`c i`îe` `ämb...............5>
4
:.>2.5. UỾ IkỂm cmeakei ồ m÷t Záf Ikẳf trçm t`nm` fhmu...............................5>
:.>2.:.UỾ ikỂm cmeakei ồ m÷t Ğąmb m`Ầp eỢn trnmb Ğąmb m`Ầp..........................5?
:.>2.8.@kỂu ừmb t`ny ĞỘk nrrcw i`k `cvhr ồ trnmb e`Ợ……………………….5?
:.>2.<.@kỂu ừmb ẫm `kỂm pnsswcrj ồ trnmb Ğąmb m`Ầp………………………..5?
:.>2.2.@kỂu
ừmbcmeakei
jrcpjcwm
ồ trnmbĔąmb
`ổ sƮm`Ầp………………………………
eî m`ïm……………………………55
m`ïm……………………………
55
:.>2.0.UỾ ikỂm
eỢn outtcm
m`Ầp……………
…………………..55
..55
:.>2.;.UỾ ikỂm jcwmacnj eỢn tnmb ừmb jỨmb…………….…………………...55
jỨmb…………….…………………...55
:.>2.>4. UỾ ikỂm ecaanpskoahs eỢn trnmb trƮ bk÷p……………………………...5:
bk÷p……………………………...5:
:.>2.>>. UỾ ikỂm `cvhr t`ny ĞỘk fūk tçm ồ trnmb e`Ợ …………………………5:
…………………………5:
:.>2.>?. UỾ ikỂm outtcm fồ lcrf Ğîm` bkî trnmb ĞƮm fun…………………...5:
:.>2.>5. UỾ ikỂm ihyprhss ồ Z`nm` táf ikẳf…………………………………5:
ikẳf…………………………………5:
:.>2.>:. UỾ ikỂm cmohlcrhumac
cmohlcrhumacnj…………………
nj……………………………………
…………………………..58
………..58
IẽZ AXạM.............................................
AXạM..........................................................................
....................................................
..................................
............5<
.5<
JNM@ FỪE ZK AKỌX Z@NF I@ắC...................................................
I@ắC............................................................
.........52
52
5
JNM@ FỪE @ÁM@ ắM@
@ám` >.>. Mbúm mbợ @ZFA................................................
@ZFA.............................................................................
.......................................8
..........8
@ám` >.?. Mbúm mbợ EUU..............................................................
EUU...........................................................................................
.............................22
@ám` 5.>.
>.5. @hnjhr
Mbúm mbợ
GnvnUerkpt.................................................................................0
trnmb
who..............................................
who...........................................................................
.......................................>8
..........>8
@ám` 5.?.> Lkathr......................................................................................................>8
@ám` 5.?.? Jnm` fỨe sấm p`ẫf..............................................................................><
@ám` 5.?.5 Fhmu trîk trnmb who...............................................................
who...............................................................................><
................><
@ám` 5.5. Lccthr trnmb who......................................................................
who......................................................................................
................>2
>2
@ám` :.>. Bknc jkỂm Zrnmb e`Ợ........................................................
e`Ợ.....................................................................
........................
...........>0
>0
@ám` :.?. Zrnmb e`Ợ snu i`k Ğąmb m`Ầp...................................................................>;
m`Ầp...................................................................>;
@ám` :.5. Zrnmb Ğąmb m`Ầp......................................................................................
m`Ầp......................................................................................>;
>;
@ám` :.:. Zrnmb Ğąmb iö..................................................
iö..........................................................................................?4
........................................?4
@ám` :.:. Zrnmb `ổ sƮ eî m`ïm...................................
m`ïm................................................................
.............................................?4
................?4
@ám`
:.<. Zrnmb
Bkể `ämb................................................
`ämb...................
.....................................................................?>
........................................?>
@ám` :.2.
Zrnmb ĞƮm
fun............................................
fun.........................................................................
.............................................??
................??
@ám` :.0. Zrnmb t`úmb oîc...............................................
oîc............................................................................
........................................??
...........??
@ám` :.;. Zrnmb Z`úmb tkm e`k tkẳt sấm p`ẫf...........................................................?5
p`ẫf...........................................................?5
@ám` :.>4. Zrnmb trụ bk÷p.....................................................
bk÷p........................................................................................?:
...................................?:
@ám` :.>>. Zrnmb ừmb jỨmb.....................................................................................?8
@ám` :.>?. Zrnmb mbïm `ämb....................................................................................
`ämb....................................................................................?<
?<
@ám` :.>5. Zrnmb Ğỉn e`ị..............................................
e`ị..........................................................................
............................................
................?2
?2
@ám` :.>:. Zrnmb ĞỘk fẦt i`ẫu................................................................
i`ẫu................................................................................?0
................?0
@ám` :.>8. Zrnmb væ vcue`hr.......................................
vcue`hr....................................................................
.............................................?;
................?;
@ám` :.><. Zrnmb s`cphh xu....................................................................................54
>
6
AốK MÕK ĔẬX
Mbäy mny, ừmb jỨmb eúmb mb`Ể t`úmb tkm vä vkỂe tkm `Ệe `õn Ğƴụe xhf aä
fớt trcmb m`ợmb yẳu tỞ fnmb tæm` quyẳt Ğỉm` trcmb `cẮt Ğớmb eỢn eîe e`æm` p`Ợ,
tỘ e`ừe, eūmb m`ƴ eỢn eîe eúmb ty, mõ Ğõmb vnk trÿ `ẳt sừe qunm trỆmb, eõ t`ễ tẮc rn
m`ợmb oƴộe Ğớt p`î fẮm` fẶ. Eûmb vộk sỾ p`ît trkễm i`úmb mbứmb vỎ iỻ t`uẦt
fîy tæm` vä fẮmb ĞkỂm tỦ, eúmb mb`Ể t`úmb tkm eūmb eõ Ğƴụe m`ợmb eúmb mb`Ể eõ
Ğẵmb eẨp vä aẢm aƴụt e`km` p`Ứe `ẳt Ğịm` enc mäy Ğẳm Ğịm` enc i`îe.
FẮmb kmthrmht aä fớt trcmb m`ợmb sấm p`ẫf eõ bkî trỉ `ẳt sừe aộm anc vä
mbäy eämb trồ t`äm` fớt eúmb eỨ i`úmb t`ễ t`kẳu, aä mỎm tấmb e`æm` e`c sỾ truyễm
tấk, trnc ĞỘk t`úmb tkm trçm tcäm eẢu. BkỖ Ğïy, fỆk vkỂe akçm qunm Ğẳm t`úmb tkm trồ
mçm t`Ầt jỈ jämb e`c mbƴỖk sỦ jỨmb, e`ị eẢm eõ fớt fîy tæm` iẳt mỞk Kmthrmht vä
fớt jÿmb jợ akỂu truy táf t`á bẢm m`ƴ aẦp từe eấ t`ẳ bkộk vỎ vẨm ĞỎ fä oẮm Ğnmb
qunm tïf sẶ `kỂm rn, eõ ĞẢy ĞỢ t`úmb tkm, `ám` ấm` vä t`Ầf e`æ Ğúk a÷e eõ eấ m`ợmb
ïf t`nm` mẳu oẮm eẢm.
OẾmb Kmthrmht, e`÷mb tn Ğå t`Ỿe `kỂm Ğƴụe m`kỎu eúmb vkỂe vộk tỞe Ğớ m`nm`
`Ʈm vä e`k p`æ t`Ẩp `Ʈm m`kỎu sc vộk eîe` t`ừe truyỎm t`Ởmb. E`æm` ĞkỎu mäy, Ğå
t`÷e Ğẫy sỾ i`nk skm` vä p`ît trkễm eỢn t`ƴƮmb fẮk ĞkỂm tỦ vä e`æm` p`Ợ ĞkỂm tỦ
trçm i`ảp t`ễ bkộk, aäf okẳm ĞỘk Ğîmb iễ oớ fẲt vąm `õn, mïmb enc e`Ẩt aƴụmb euớe
sỞmb ecm mbƴỖk.
Zrcmb `cẮt Ğớmb sấm xuẨt, ikm` jcnm`, bkỖ Ğïy, t`ƴƮmb fẮk ĞkỂm tỦ Ğå i`ẵmb Ğỉm`
Ğƴụe vnk trÿ x÷e tkẳm vä t`÷e Ğẫy sỾ p`ît trkễm eỢn jcnm` mb`kỂp. ĔỞk vộk fớt eỦn
`ämb `ny s`cp, vkỂe quấmb oî vä bkộk t`kỂu Ğẳm i`îe` `ämb eîe sấm p`ẫf fộk Ğîp
ừmb Ğƴụe m`u eẢu eỢn i`îe` `ämb sẶ aä eẢm t`kẳt.
\Ầy p`ấk quấmb oî t`ẳ mäc3 Ĕõ aä xïy jỾmb Ğƴụe fớt Rhoskth e`c eỦn `ämb
eỢn fám` quấmb oî tẨt eấ eîe sấm p`ẫf eỢn fám` . \á vẦy hf e`Ệm ĞỎ täk7‖ Pïy
JỾmb Bknc JkỂm Rhoskth Oîm Z`kẳt Oỉ E`Ʈk Bnfh‖.
7
E@ƣƤMB >7 ZỚMB ^XNM \Ễ RHOUKZH
>.> RHO ZĠM@ A BÁ3
\Ỏ ikẳm t`ừe eƮ oấm t`á who tīm` t`ƴỖmb Ğƴụe xïy jỾmb tứ EUU, @ZFA,
GN\NUE_KTZ `kỂm mny eõ t`çf eúmb mb`Ể @ZFA8 & EUU5. Eõ t`ễ oẮm m`ám fớt
who mäc Ğõ m`ám rẨt aumb any, Ğẻp vä mớk jumb eõ t`ễ t`ny ĞỘk m`ƴmb e`ƴn e`ảe mõ
aä who Ğớmb oồk vá mbƴỖk tn eõ t`ễ sỦ jỨmb J@ZFA Ğễ t`ny ĞỘk mớk jumb (tẮk
eakhmt).
Mẳu oẮm e`Ắy trçm fîy tæm` eỢn oẮm t`á vộk who tīm` oẮm eõ t`ễ ĞẲt tẮk Ğïu
eūmb e`Ắy Ğƴụe vá oấm e`Ẩt mõ e`ị aä fớt lkah oám` t`ƴỖmb.
ƣu Ğkễf eỢn who tīm`7
tīm`7
\Ỏ bknc jkỂm Jhskbmhr eõ t`ễ t`kẳt iẳ t`hc ikễu fộk aẮ
ZỞe Ğớ truy eẦp m`nm` oồk mõ e`ị aä m`ợmb lkah @ZFA
E`k p`æ ĞẢu tƴ t`Ẩp oồk oẮm i`úmb p`ấk trấ tkỎm m`kỎu e`c Ecjhr
Z`ïm t`kỂm
Z`ïm
t`kỂm vộk oớ fîy
fîy táf
táf ikẳf
ikẳf oồk
oồk oẮm
oẮm eõ t`ễ ĞẲt
ĞẲt tç
tçmm lk
lkah
ah tûy ö (thm
(thm-lkah.`tfa, tkhu-jh-tkm-tue.`tfa)
tkhu-jh-tkm-tue.`tfa)
M`ƴụe Ğkễf eỢn who tīm`7
tīm` 7
I`õ quấm aö mớk jumb
I`õ mïmb eẨp oấc trá
FỒk i`k t`ny ĞỘk p`ấk väc lkah @ZFA, EUU `cẲe GN\NUE_KTZ Ğễ e`ịm`
sỦn
I`k mäc mçm sỦ jỨmb who tīm`3
tīm` 3
Mẳu oẮm aä jcnm` mb`kỂp fuỞm tỾ fám` aäf whoskth t`á oẮm eõ t`ễ `Ệe eîe
ikẳm t`ừe eąm oấm vä tỾ aäf fớt Rho tīm` e`c fám`
Mớk jumb whoskth ætæt i`k eẦp m`Ầt vvää æt mçm oẮm fuỞm
fuỞm tkẳt ikỂf e`k p`æ
p`æ
Rhoskth oẮm m`ể vä oẮm t`uç auúm mbƴỖk e`uyçm vỎ who Ğễ quấm trỉ
Zrçm t`Ỿe tẳ t`á fám` t`Ẩy `kỂm mny e`ị eõ eîe eúmb ty t`kẳt iẳ who `Ệ fộk
aäf who tīm` oồk vá `Ệ eõ i`ấ mąmb e`ịm` sỦn Ğƴụe e`ừ i`îe` `ämb t`á `Ệ i`úmb
eõ i`ấ mąmb Ğõ. @kỂm mny eõ eîe trnmb who CMH TNBH eõ eîe `kỂu ừmb sakjh i`î
Ğớe mçm eūmb eõ t`ễ `Ệ sỦ jỨmb who tīm` `cẲe tīm` fớt p`Ảm trcmb Ğõ.
8
>.? RHO ĔỐMB A BÁ 3
Mbƴụe aẮk vộk who tīm`, who Ğớmb aä m`ợmb whoskth eõ `Ể t`Ởmb quấm aö mớk
jumb vä mbƴỖk jûmb eõ t`ễ e`ịm` sỦn mớk jumb Ğƴụe. \æ jỨ m`ƴ trnmb vmhxprhss.mht
`ny ?:`.ecf.vm t`á Ğõ aä m`ợmb who Ğớmb oồk vá `Ệ eõ t`ễ Ğąmb tkm fộk, e`ịm` sỦn
tkm fộk vä e`ịm` sỦn jnm` fỨe fhmu, ...
Rho Ğớmb Ğƴụe aäf tứ bá3
bá3
Rho Ğớmb sỦ jỨmb eîe eúmb mb`Ể m`ƴ @ZFA, EUU, @ZFA8, EUU5,
GN\NUE_KTZ, ... vä ĞkỎu ĞẲe okỂt aä eõ sỦ jỨmb fớt mbúm mbợ aẦp trám` shrvhr m`ƴ
T@T, E#, GN\N, T[Z@CM fớt `Ể quấm trỉ eƮ sồ jợ akỂu m`ƴ FyU^A, U^A
UH\H_ ,.. vá vẦy who Ğớmb p`ấk e`Ắy trcmb fîy e`Ợ. Mẳu ĞẲt trçm fîy tæm` eỢn
oẮm t`á oẮm p`ấk eäk
eäk eîe Rho shrvhr ấc m`ƴ
m`ƴ vhrtrkbc, Pn
Pnfpp,
fpp, wnfpp, ...
ƣu Ğkễf eỢn who Ğớmb7
Ğớmb7
JỈ
JỈ jämb
jämb quấm
mïmb aö
eẨpmớk
väjumb
oấc trá
Eõ t`ễ xïy jỨmb Ğƴụe who aộm
Z`ƴỖmb sỦ jỨmb tƴƮmb tîe vộk mbƴỖk jûmb enc
@kỂm mny vẩm UHC tỞt oồk tn eõ t`ễ sỦ jỨmb e`ừe mąmb _hwrkth X_A Ğễ
e`uyçm X_A t`ïm t`kỂm
@kỂm tẮk, who Ğớmb Ğƴụe t`kẳt iẳ trçm mỎm få mbuổm fồ Ğnmb rẨt Ğƴụe ƴn
e`uớmb vä t`ỉm` `äm`. Få mbuổm fồ Ğnmb trồ t`äm` fớt xu `ƴộmb fộk, fớt mbƴỖk
i`úmb okẳt aẦp trám` eūmb eõ t`ễ t`kẳt iẳ whoskth Ğớmb vộk ĞẢy ĞỢ e`ừe mąmb t`úmb
qun få mbuổm fồ .
M`ƴụe Ğkễf eỢn who Ğớmb7
Ğớmb7
E`k p`æ xïy jỾmb enc
Mẳu who aộm eõ t`ễ eẢm t`çf m`ïm sỾ
sỾ e`uyçm mbäm`
I`k mäc mçm sỦ jỨmb who Ğớmb3
OẮm aäf whoskth t`ƴƮmb fẮk ĞkỂm tỦ oîm `ämb
OẮm aäf who bkộk t`kỂu sấm p`ấf eúmb ty
OẮm aäf who tkm từe, oacb eî m`ïm
Rho oẮm tẢf eỮ aộm
9
>.5 MBÚM MBử ĔÎM@ JẪX UKÇX \ďM OắM @ZFA
>.5.>
>.5
.> I`îk
I`îk mkỂf
mkỂf
@ám` >.>. Mbúm mbợ @ZFA
Mbúm
Mb
úm mbợ Ğîm`
îm` jẨu skçu
skçu vąm
vąm oấm tkẳmb Nm` aä @yph
@yphrthx
rthxtt Fnri
Fnriup
up
Anmbunbh,, vkẳt tảt aä @ZFA.
Anmbunbh
Mbúm mbợ Ğîm` jẨu skçu vąm oấm (@ZFA) aä tẦp `ụp eîe iæ `kỂu `cẲe få
Ğîm` jẨu Ğƴụe e`àm väc fớt tỂp `kễm t`ỉ trçm Kmthrmht. Ĕîm` jẨu mäy bk÷p trám`
juyỂt who okẳt eîe` `kễm t`ỉ eîe tứ vä `ám` ấm` eỢn trnmb who. FỒk få Ğîm` jẨu
rkçmb aẹ Ğƴụe bỆk aä fớt "yẳu tỞ" (hahfhmt) , Ğúk i`k eÿm Ğƴụe bỆk aä fớt "t`ẹ"
(tnb). Fớt sỞ yẳu tỞ jƴộk jẮmb eẲp e`c okẳt i`k mäc t`á oảt ĞẢu `cẲe iẳt t`÷e `kễm
t`ỉ fớt sỞ `kỂu ừmb.
>.5.? ĔẲe Ğkễf
>.5.?
Ğkễf
Mbúm mbợ Ğîm` jẨu skçu vąm oấm aä mbúm mbợ fîy tæm` tẮc ĞkỎu ikỂm e`c
vkỂe aẦp trnmb who. Mbúm mbợ mäy, eõ eîe tứ få vä e÷ p`îp bkỞmb m`ƴ oẨt iá mbúm
mbợ mäc i`îe, tƴƮmb ĞỞk jỈ `kễu vä qun t`Ỗk bknm trồ mçm mbäy eämb fẮm` fẶ trcmb
aẦp trám`. @ZFA tkẳp tỨe p`ît trkễm Ğễ Ğîp ừmb eîe yçu eẢu eỢn Kmthrmht jƴộk vể
oỆe eỢn Rcraj Rkjh
Rkjh Rho Ecmscrtku
Ecmscrtkuf,
f, tỘ e`ừe t`kẳt iẳ vä
vä juy trá mb
mbúm
úm mbợ.
Ukçu vąm oấm (@yphrthxt) aä p`ƴƮmb t`ừe fä mbƴỖk jûmb Kmthrmht sỦ jỨmb Ğễ
ĞkỎu `ƴộmb trnmb who. OẾmb eîe` eakei väc vąm oấm ĞẲe okỂt bỆk aä skçu akçm iẳt
(`yphrakmi), mbƴỖk jûmb sẶ Ğƴụe Ğƴn Ğẳm eîe trnmb fộk. \kỂe sỦ jỨmb t`uẦt mbợ
10
"`yphr" eõ mb`īn aä i`úmb tuyẳm tæm`, vá vẦy mbƴỖk jûmb eõ t`ễ truy eẦp oẨt eừ mƮk
mäc trçm Kmthrmht e`ị oẾmb eîe` eakei e`uớt väc eîe akçm iẳt eõ sẸm.
Ĕîm` jẨu (fnriup) e`æm` aä p`ƴƮmb t`ừe fä @ZFA Ğîm` jẨu e`c m`ợmb
ĞcẮm vąm oấm, mõk eîe` i`îe, @ZFA Ğîm` jẨu e`÷mb aä fớt acẮk vąm oấm eỨ t`ễ. \æ
jỨ7 vąm oấm Ğîm` jẨu eõ t`ễ ồ jẮmb km ĞẦf `cẲe km mb`kçmb Ğễ t`u `÷t sỾ e`÷ ö eỨ
t`ễ Ğẳm fớt tứ `cẲe eỨf tứ.
UỦ jỨmb @ZFA, oẮm eõ t`ễ t`çf tkçu ĞỎ, Ğỉm` jẮmb ĞcẮm vąm, mbảt jÿmb
ĞkỎu i`kễm, tẮc jnm` sîe`, m`Ẩm fẮm` vąm oấm, tẮc iö tỾ ĞẲe okỂt, e`àm `ám` ấm`,
tẮc akçm iẳt, xïy jỾmb oấmb, ĞkỎu i`kễm fớt sỞ ikễu,
ikễu, vä m`kỎu `Ʈm mợn.
>.5.5 OỞ eỨe
>.5.5
eỨe @ZFA
@ZFA
1`tfa=
1`hnj=
1tktah=Zkçu ĞỎ trnmb who1/tktah=
1/`hnj=
1ocjy=
Mớk jumb trnmb
trnmb who eõ t`ễ ĞẲt trcmb
trcmb eîe t`ẹ `fta.
Oảt ĞẢu oẾmb t`ẹ fồ vä iẳt t`÷e oẾmb t`ẹ Ğõmb
1/ocjy=
1/`tfa=
↟ Zrcmb Ğõ7
1!JCEZ[TH `tfa=7 i`nk oîc ikễu jợ akỂu `kễm t`ỉ
1`tfa= vä 1/`tfa=7 eẲp t`ẹ oảt ouớe, hahfhmt eẨp enc m`Ẩt, eõ m`kỂf vỨ
Ğõmb bõk tẨt eấ mớk jumb eỢn trnmb @ZFA
1`hnj= vä 1/`hnj=
1/`hnj=77 i`nk oîc eîe t`úmb tkm fhtn eỢn trnmb who m`ƴ7 tkçu ĞỎ
trnmb, e`nrsht
1tktah= vä 1/tktah=
1/tktah=77 eẲp t`ẹ mẾf oçm trcmb t`ẹ 1`hnj=, jûmb Ğễ i`nk oîc tkçu
ĞỎ eỢn trnmb
1ocjy= vä 1/ocjy=
1/ocjy=77 eẲp t`ẹ jûmb Ğễ Ğõmb bõk tẨt eấ eîe mớk jumb sẶ `kễm
t`ỉ trçm trnmb
11
>.: MBÚM MBử IệE@ OắM EUU
@ám` >.?. Mbúm mbợ EUU
EUU aä e`ợ vkẳt tảt eỢn Ensenjkmb Utyah U`hhts, mõ aä fớt mbúm mbợ Ğƴụe sỦ
jỨmb
táf@ZFA).
vä Ğỉm`OẮm
jẮmb
p`Ảm
Ğƴụe
tẮc rn
eîe mbúm
jẨu
(væ
jỨĞễm`ƴ
eõaẮk
t`ễeîe
`kễu
ĞƮmtỦbkấm
rẾmb,
mẳuoồk
@ZFA
Ğõmbmbợ
vnkĞîm`
trÿ Ğỉm`
jẮmb eîe p`Ảm tỦ trçm whoskth m`ƴ vkỂe tẮc rn eîe ĞcẮm vąm oấm, eîe tkçu ĞỎ, oấmb,
…t`á EUU sẶ bk÷p e`÷mb tn eõ t`ễ t`çf fớt e`÷t ‑p`cmb eîe`‖ väc eîe p`Ảm tỦ
@ZFA Ğõ m`ƴ ĞỘk fäu sảe trnmb, ĞỘk fäu e`ợ, t`ny ĞỘk eẨu tr÷e,…rẨt m`kỎu.
Zrcm
Zr
cmbb i`k
i`k @ZFA
@ZFA aä eẨu tr÷e
tr÷e eƮ oấm
oấm eỢn
eỢn trnm
trnmbb who
who eỢn
eỢn oẮm,
oẮm, EU
EUU
U aä t`ừ
fnmb aẮk e`c tcäm oớ trnmb who eỢn oẮm p`cmb eîe`. M`ợmb fäu sảe oõmb oẫy,
p`úmb e`ợ t`÷ vỉ, vä `ám` ấm` mỎm3 ZẨt eấ aä m`Ỗ EUU. Mbúm mbợ mäy ấm` `ƴồmb
Ğẳm tcäm oớ tïf trẮmb vä bknk ĞkỂu eỢn fớt trnmb who, i`kẳm mõ trồ t`äm` fớt eúmb
eỨ vú eûmb fẮm` fẶ ― vä aä fớt iỻ mąmb qunm trỆmb Ğễ eîe aẦp trám` vkçm who `Ệe
`ểk. Ĕõ eūmb aä m`ợmb bá e`c p`ëp eîe trnmb who t`æe` ừmb vộk eîe iæe` t`ƴộe
fäm `ám` vä acẮk t`kẳt oỉ i`îe m`nu.
OỞ eỨe EUU
EẨu tr÷e fớt ĞcẮm EUU7 Fớt ĞcẮm EUU onc bổf : p`Ảm m`ƴ t`ẳ mäy7 vûmb
e`Ệm { t`uớe tæm` 7 bkî trỉ9 t`uớe tæm`7 bkî trỉ9 }
Mb`īn aä mõ sẶ Ğƴụe i`nk oîc oẾmb vûmb e`Ệm, snu Ğõ eîe t`uớe tæm` vä bkî
trỉ sẶ mẾf oçm trcmb eẲp jẨu mbcẲe m`Ệm {}. FỒk t`uớe tæm` sẶ auúm eõ fớt bkî trỉ
rkçmb, bkî trỉ eõ t`ễ aä jẮmb sỞ, `cẲe eîe tçm bkî trỉ trcmb jnm` sîe` eõ sẸm eỢn EUU.
T`Ảm bkî trỉ vä t`uớe tæm`
tæm` p`ấk Ğƴụe eîe` m`nu oẾmb jẨu `nk e`Ẩf, vä f
fỒk
Ồk fớt
12
jÿmb i`nk oîc t`uớe tæm` sẶ auúm eõ jẨu e`Ẩf p`ẫy ồ euỞk. Fớt vûmb e`Ệm eõ t`ễ
sỦ jỨmb i`úmb bkộk `Ắm t`uớe tæm`.
>.8 MBÚM MBử IệE@ OắM GN\NUE_KTZ
@ám` >.5. Mbúm mbợ GnvnUerkpt
GnvnUerkpt aä fớt mbúm mbợ aẦp trám` Ğn mỎm tấmb (ercss-pantlcrf)
( ercss-pantlcrf),, mbúm
mbợ aẦp trám` iỉe` oấm, `ƴộmb ĞỞk tƴụmb. GnvnUerkpt aä fớt mbúm mbợ m`ể vä m`ẻ
(sfnaa
nmj eõ
akb`twhkb`t).
mẾfcoghet
oçm trcmb
fớt trƴỖmb
fúk trƴỖmb
GnvnUerkpt
t`ễ iẳt mỞkI`k
tộk eîe
eỢn fúk
Ğõ vä(`cst
eumbhmvkrcmfhmt),
eẨp eîe eîe`
quấm aö e`÷mb (coghet).
GnvnUerkpt e`ừn eîe t`ƴ vkỂm tkçu e`uẫm e`c eîe coghet, væ jỨ
m`ƴ7 Nrrny,
Nrrny, Jnth, vä Fnt`, vä eîe yẳu tỞ eỞt aøk eỢn mbúm mbợ aẦp trám` m`ƴ
m`ƴ77 tcîm
tỦ (cphrntcr
(cphrntcrs),
s), eẨu tr÷e ĞkỎu i`kễm
i`kễm (ecmtrca
(ecmtrca strueturhs)
strueturhs),, vä eïu aỂm`.
aỂm`. GnvnUerkpt
GnvnUerkpt eõ
t`ễ Ğƴụe fồ rớmb e`c m`kỎu fỨe Ğæe` oẾmb vkỂe oỘ sumb t`çf eîe coghet9
GnvnUerkpt aä mbúm mbợ aẦp trám` jỾn trçm acbke, eõ t`ễ Ğƴụe sỦ jỨmb Ğễ sỦn
ĞỘk mớk jumb trnmb who vä i`kẳm mõ `cẮt Ğớmb t`hc m`kỎu eîe` i`îe m`nu Ğễ Ğîp
ừmb vộk `äm` Ğớmb eỢn mbƴỖk jûmb. Eîe eîe` sỦ jỨmb p`Ộ okẳm e`c GnvnUerkpt onc
bổf
eõ. ecmlkrfntkcm ocxhs, enaas-tc-netkcm, vä t`çf t`úmb tkm fộk väc t`úmb tkm `kỂm
13
Mõk tõf aẮk, GnvnUerkpt aä mbúm mbợ aẦp trám` e`c p`ëp eîe m`ä p`ît trkễm
who t`kẳt iẳ eîe trnmb who tƴƮmb tîe. @Ảu `ẳt eîe `cẮt Ğớmb fä oẮm sẶ t`Ẩy trçm
fớt trnmb who aä m`Ỗ GnvnUerkpt, bk÷p tąmb eƴỖmb eîe ikễf scît vä `äm` vk fẲe
Ğỉm` eỢn trám` juyỂt.
\æ jỨ7
Eakhmt-skjh
GnvnUerkpt
GnvnUerkpt
Ğƴụe
rớmb oẾmb
rớmb
oẾm
b eîe`
eîe` eumb
euGnvnUerkpt
mb eẨp eîe-coghet
coghe
t Ğễ quấm
quấp`æn
m aöfîy
trám`i`îe`,
juyỂt vä
Jceufh
Jceufhmt
mt
Coghet
Cogfồ
het
Fcjha (JCF) eỢn mõ. \æ jỨ, p`Ảm fồ rớmb p`æn fîy i`îe` e`c p`ëp fớt ừmb
jỨmb tîe Ğớmb tộk eîe yẳu tỞ trçm fớt trnmb @ZFA vä p`ấm `ổk bkỞmb eîe tîe Ğớmb
eỢn mbƴỖk jûmb m`ƴ eakei e`uớt, m`Ầp lcrf, vä e`uyễm trnmb.
Uhrvhr-skj
Uhrvh
r-skjhh GnvnUerkpt
GnvnUerkpt - GnvnUerkpt p`æn Uhrvhr, GnvnUerkpt Ğƴụe fồ rớmb
oẾmb eîe` eumb eẨp t`çf eîe ĞỞk tƴụmb eẢm t`kẳt Ğễ Ğễ e`Ắy GnvnUerkpt trçm fîy
e`Ợ. \æ jỨ, p`Ảm fồ rớmb p`æn shrvhr mäy e`c p`ëp ừmb jỨmb iẳt mỞk vộk eƮ sồ jợ
akỂu (jntnonsh), eumb eẨp t`úmb tkm fớt eîe` akçm tỨe tứ fớt yçu eẢu tộk p`Ảm i`îe
eỢn ừmb jỨmb, `cẲe t`Ỿe `kỂm t`nc tîe vộk eîe tẦp tkm trçm fîy e`Ợ.
>.;IO
(bzkpphj).
Ĕƴụe `Ồ trụ `Ảu `ẳt oồk eîe trám` juyỂt `kỂm ĞẮk ∟ g^uhry
∟ g^uhry Ğƴụe `Ồ trụ `Ảu
`ẳt oồk eîe trám` juyỂt `kỂm ĞẮk, vä aäf vkỂe tỞt trçm KH <.4+, LL ?.4+, Unlnrk 5.4+,
E`rcfh vä Cphrn ;.4+
EẦp m`Ầt vä `Ồ trụ eîe eúmb mb`Ể fộk m`Ẩt ∟ g^uhry
∟ g^uhry `Ồ trụ EUU5 Uhahetcr
vä e÷ p`îp PTnt` eƮ oấm.
15
E@ƣƤMB ?7 BKỗK Z@KỌX \Ễ RHOUKZH OÎM Z@KẽZ Oệ
E@ƤK BNFH
?.> FÚ Zắ [ÇX EẬX
Zrnmb whoskth U`cp Oîm Z`kẳt Oỉ E`Ʈk Bnfh U`cphh aä s`cp t`kẳt oỉ e`Ʈk
bnfh cmakmh aä eẢu mỞk bk÷p i`îe` `ämb ― m`ợmb mbƴỖk eõ Ğnf fç e`Ʈk bnfh eõ
t`ễ táf ồ Ğïy m`ợmb t`kẳt oỉ, sấm p`ẫf fám` eẢm fớt eîe` m`nm` e`õmb vä tkỂm aụk
m`Ẩt.
Ĕễ eõ t`ễ t`u `÷t mbƴỖk jûmb fun whoskth Ğõ eẢm Ğîp ừmb m`ợmb m`u eẢu
snu7
- @ám`
@ám` ấm`
ấm` sấm p`ẫf
p`ẫf Ğẻp
Ğẻp aumb
aumb akm`,
akm`, Ğn jẮmb
jẮmb fẩu
fẩu få, `ám`
`ám` ấm`
ấm` t`á
oẮm i`úmb eẢm p`ấk
p`ấk e`ąf sõe m`ƴ eïy mbcäk
mbcäk t`Ỿe tẳ.
- Rhoskt
Rhoskthh eõ bbkn
kncc jkỂm
jkỂm ĞƮm
ĞƮm bkấm
bkấm m`ƴm
m`ƴmbb Ğẻp,
Ğẻp, oảt fảt
fảt t`u
t`u `÷t i`îe
i`îe`` `ämb.
`ämb.
- I`îe
I`îe`` `ämb
`ämb e`ị vkỂe
vkỂe cmak
cmakmh
mh xhf
xhf fẩu få vä e`Ệm
e`Ệm sấ
sấmm p`ẫf,
p`ẫf, eõ t`ễ
t`ễ
fun `ämb ồ oẨt eừ Ğïu fä i`úmb eẢm Ğẳm eỦn `ämb.
- OẮm eõ
eõ t`ễ quấm
quấm aö onc
onc quît
quît tcäm
tcäm eỦn
eỦn `ämb
`ämb e`ị
e`ị vộk > e÷ eakei
eakei e`uớ
e`uớt.t.
- EẦp m`Ầt
m`Ầt fẩu
fẩu få
få sấm
sấm p`ẫf,
p`ẫf, p`Ứ
p`Ứ ikỂm
ikỂm fộk
fộk akm`
akm` `cẮt
`cẮt,, m`nm`
m`nm` e`õm
e`õmb.
b.
- Oîm
Oîm `ämb
`ämb fỆk a÷e
a÷e fỆk
fỆk mƮk,
mƮk, iễ eấ i`
i`kk oẮm Ğk
Ğk ju aỉe`
aỉe`,, i`k ĞĞnm
nmbb ąm uỞ
uỞmb
mb
vộk oẮm oà,…
?.? EÎE @Ọ Z@ỔMB
Z@ỔMB MB@KỌT
MB@KỌT \Ừ
?.?.>
?.?
.> Zrnm
Zrnmbb e`Ợ
Ĕïy aä trnmb ĞẢu tkçm sẶ Ğƴụe `kỂm açm i`k mbƴỖk jûmb truy eẦp väc whoskth
vä mõ eõ väk mb`kỂp vỨ snu Ğïy7
- ZẮc t`nm`
t`nm` fhmu ĞkỎu `ƴộmb
`ƴộmb trnmb
trnmb who.
- @kễm t`ỉ jnm` sîe` eîe sấm p`ẫf
p`ẫf Ğnmb
Ğnmb oîm e`Ắy
e`Ắy m`Ẩt eỢ
eỢnn trnmb who
who
- Záf ikẳf
ikẳf sấm
sấm p`ẫf.
p`ẫf.
- Akmi Ğẳm trnmb Ğąmb
Ğąmb m`Ầp vä Ğąmb
Ğąmb iæ e`c mbƴỖk jûmb.
jûmb.
- Eõ t`ễ `kễm t`ỉ t`úmb oîc, bkể `ämb
?.?.? Zrnmb
Zrnmb t`úmb tkm e`k tkẳt sấm p
p`ẫf
`ẫf
M`ợmb t`úmb tkm fä oẮm eumb eẨp e`c sấm p`ẫf sẶ ấm` `ƴồmb Ğẳm eîe` sấm
p`ẫf t`ễ `kỂm Ğẳm e`c i`îe` `ämb, bbk÷p
k÷p oẮm jỈ jämb quấm aö eūmb m`ƴ bk÷p i`îe`
16
`ämb m`nm` e`õmb táf t`Ẩy sấm p`ẫf vä Ğƴn rn quyẳt Ğỉm` fun `ämb fớt eîe`
e`æm` xîe. ZẨt m`kçm tuỵ t`uớe väc eîe` quấm aö vä ikm` jcnm` eỢn tứmb jcnm`
mb`kỂp, oẮm i`úmb eẢm p`ấk ĞkỎm ĞẢy ĞỢ tẨt eấ t`úmb tkm e`k tkẳt e`c sấm p`ẫf.
?.?.5 Zrnmb
Zrnmb Ğąmb
Ğąmb iö täk i`cấm
i`cấm
Bk÷p i`îe` `ämb eõ fớt täk i`cấm eỢn rkçmb fám` eõ t`ễ t`cấk fîk aỾn e`Ệm
eîe sấm p`ẫf fám` yçu t`æe`, mbcäk rn i`îe` `ämb eÿm eõ sỾ nm tcäm i`úmb ac oỉ aớ
t`úmb tkm vä trîm` sỾ m`Ảf aẩm sấm p`ẫf.
ĔẲe okỂt `Ʈm i`k i`îe` `ämb Ğąmb iæ xcmb täk i`cấm eỢn rkçmb fám` t`á i`k
väc `Ể t`Ởmb sẶ p`ïm okỂt eîe mbƴỖk jûmb i`îe m`nu trƴộe i`k p`Ứe vỨ `cẲe tứ
e`Ởk eîe jỉe` vỨ m`Ẩt Ğỉm` . \á vẦy i`îe` `ämb i`úmb eẢm p`ấk ac aảmb vỎ eîe sấm
p`ẫf eūmb m`ƴ sỾ m`Ảf aẩm jỉe` vỨ .Ĕïy aä oƴộe i`î qunm trỆmb vä eẢm eõ eỢn
i`îe` `ämb Ğễ oẦt fẦt t`úmb tkm fớt eîe` nm tcäm eỢn e`æm` fám`.
?.?.: Zrnmb
Zrnmb Ğąmb
Ğąmb m`Ầp
m`Ầp
Aä fớt t`Ợ tỨe i`k oảt ĞẢu t`nf bkn väc fớt trnmb who mäc Ğõ eõ fỨe Ğąmb
iö t`äm` vkçm. MbƴỖk fuỞm Ğąmb m`Ầp p`ấk t`hc trám` tỾ `ƴộmb jẩm Ğễ m`Ầp tçm
t`ƴỖmb jûmb KJ vä fẦt i`ẫu (pnsswcrj).
FuỞm Ğąmb m`Ầp t`á mbƴỖk jûmb trƴộe Ğõ Ğå p`ấk Ğąmb iö aäf t`äm` vkçm
vộk fớt trám` tỾ t`Ợ tỨe t`ƴỖmb aä e`Ệm vä b`k tçm t`ƴỖmb jûmb (ushr mnfh), e`Ệm
vä b`k fẦt i`ẫu.
Z`Ợ tỨe trçm bk÷p `Ể t`Ởmb fîy tæm` p`ïm okỂt eîe mbƴỖk jûmb i`îe m`nu
trƴộe i`k p`Ứe vỨ `cẲe tứ e`Ởk eîe jỉe` vỨ m`Ẩt Ğỉm`. ĔỞk vộk who, t`Ợ tỨe mõk trçm
Ğễ Ğấf oấc sỾ mb`kçf t÷e vä nm mkm` e`c trnmb who vä jỉe` vỨ eỢn mõ eūmb m`ƴ
e`c e`æm` mbƴỖk jûmb.
?.?.8 Zrnmb
Zrnmb bkể
bkể `ämb
`ämb
Ĕïy aä trnmb eumb eẨp ĞẢy ĞỢ t`úmb tkm eîe sấm p`ẫf fä i`îe` `ämb Ğå
t`çf väc bkể `ämb onc bổf7 sỞ aƴụmb, ĞƮm bkî, t`äm` tkỎm, eîe i`uyẳm fåk Ğk iàf
eûmb eîe få bkấf bkî eõ t`ễ sỦ jỨmb. I`îe` `ämb eõ t`ễ t`çf, xcî sấm p`ẫf vä Ğk
Ğẳm trnmb t`nm` tcîm.
17
?.?.< Zrnmb
Zrnmb ushr
ushr prclkah
prclkah
Eîe t`úmb tkm eî m`ïm eỢn i`îe` `ämb ĞỎu `kễm t`ỉ ồ Ğïy7 Zçm Ğąmb m`Ầp,
Zçm, Hfnka, UỞ ĞkỂm t`cẮk, Bkộk tæm`, Mbäy skm`, ắm` ĞẮk jkỂm. I`îe` `ämb ĞỎu eõ
t`ễ t`ny ĞỘk eîe t`úmb tkm trçm fớt eîe` m`nm` e`õmb, jỈ jämb m`ƴmb vẩm Ğấf oấc
tæm` nm tcäm t`úmb tkm.
?.?.2 Zrnmb
Zrnmb trụ
trụ bk÷p
bk÷p
Bk÷p i`îe` `ämb fun eîe sấm p`ẫf fám` t`æe` fớt eîe jỈ jämb vä m`nm`
bỆm m`Ẩt.
ĔỞk vộk i`îe` `ämb e`ƴn väc trnmb who onc bkỖ sẶ rẨt fộk aẮ vä i`õ eõ t`ễ
fun `ämb. \á vẦy, m`Ỗ eõ trnmb `ƴộmb jẩm fun `ämb eõ t`ễ `Ồ trụ `ƴộmb jẩm eỨ
t`ễ bk÷p i`îe` `ämb fun Ğƴụe eîe sấm p`ẫf p`û `ụp vộk m`ue eẢu eỢn oấm t`ïm.
?.?.0 Zrnmb
Zrnmb t`úmb
t`úmb oîc
oîc
Bk÷p i`îe` `ämb rỈ rnmb ikễf trn eîe t`úmb oîc eỢn s`cp vỎ fỆk vẨm ĞỎ m`ƴ
sấm p`ẫf fộk, sấm p`ẫf Ğå fun, e`ƴƮmb trám` i`uyẳm fẮk, ...
?.?.; Zrnmb
Zrnmb ĞƮm
ĞƮm fun
fun
Ĕïy aä trnmb sẶ tỘmb `ụp aẮk tẨt eấ eîe ĞƮm `ämb fä i`îe` `ämb Ğå ĞẲt, e`c i`îe`
`ämb okẳt ĞẢy ĞỢ t`úmb tkm vỎ fẲt `ämb vä tkẳm trám` bknc `ämb.
?.?.>4 Zrnmb
?.?.>4
Zrnmb ừmb jỨmb
jỨmb
I`îe` `ämb eõ t`ễ tấk ừmb jỨmb rkçmb Ğƴụe s`cp t`kẳt iẳ Ğễ t`uẦm tkỂm fun
`ämb t`hc jøk eîe t`úmb oîc eỢn s`cp.
?.?.
?.?.>>
>> Zrnm
Zrnmbb mb
mbïm
ïm `ämb
`ämb
Mbïm `ämb aä trnmb fä mbƴỖk sỦ jỨmb
jỨmb ừmb jỨmb t`hf täk i`cấm mbïm `ämb
Ğễ eõ t`ễ t`nm` tcîm cmakmh.
?.?.
?.?.>?
>? Zrnm
Zrnmbb Ğ
Ğỉn
ỉn e`ị.
e`ị.
Ĕïy aä trnmb fä mbƴỖk jûmb t`çf Ğỉn e`ị Ğễ t`nm` tcîm trỾe tkẳp snu i`k ĞẲt
`ämb.
?.
?.?.
?.>5
>5 Zrnm
Zrnmbb Ğ
ĞỘk
Ộk fẦt
fẦt i`ẫ
i`ẫu.
u.
Ĕƴụe jûmb Ğễ e`c mbƴỖk jûmb t`ny ĞỘk fẦt i`ẫu i`k eõ t`ễ oỉ aớ t`úmb tkm
fẦt i`ẫu täk i`cấm.
?.
?.?.
?.>:
>: Zrnm
Zrnmbb vvææ vcu
vcue`
e`hr
hr..
18
\cue`hr aä fớt jẮmb p`kẳu fun `ämb vä i`îe` `ämb eõ t`ễ sỦ jỨmb vcue`hr
i`k fun `ämb tƴƮmb ĞƴƮmb m`ƴ fớt p`ƴƮmb t`ừe t`nm` tcîm (ZkỎm fẲt, Z`ẹ `cẲe
E`uyễm i`cấm…)
Aụk æe` eỢn vcue`hr7
vcue`hr7 Aä p`ƴƮmb
p`ƴƮmb tkỂm fnrihtkmb
fnrihtkmb `ợu `kỂu, aä eẢu mỞk bk÷p
jcnm` mb`kỂp e`ąf sõe, bảm iẳt i`îe` `ämb t`ïm t`kẳt…Ğƴụe sỦ jỨmb rớmb råk trcmb
eîe `cẮt Ğớmb ikm` jcnm`
?.?.>8.Zrnmb s`cphh xu.
Oấm e`Ẩt eỢn U`cphh xu aä fớt jẮmb Ğổmb tkỎm ấc jc U`cphh tẮc rn. E`÷mb
Ğƴụe jûmb Ğễ t`nm` tcîm i`k oẮm fun `ämb trỾe tuyẳm trçm trnmb who `cẲe trçm ừmb
jỨmb U`cphh Npp. @cẲe oẮm eūmb eõ t`ễ jûmb xu U`cphh Ğễ ĞỘk aẨy få bkấf bkî
`ny t`nf bkn eîe `cẮt Ğớmb `Ẩp jẩm trcmb trnmb ‑U`cphh xu‖.
FỒk xu U`cphh sẶ tƴƮmb ừmb vộk bkî trỉ aä > \MJ.
\MJ.
?.5 FỪE ZKÇX PÏ[ JỴMB Z_NMB RHOUKZH OÎM Z@KẽZ Oệ E@ƤK BNFH
- \kỂe t`kẳt iẳ whoskth sẶ bk÷p e`c oẮm tkẳp eẦm Ğƴụe mbuổm
mbuổm i`îe` `ämb
`ämb
tkỎf mąmb m`kỎu `Ʈm sc vộk p`ƴƮmb p`îp oîm `ämb truyỎm t`Ởmb
- ZruyỎm tấk Ğƴụe tt`úmb
`úmb tkm vỎ m`ợmb t`kẳt oỉ e`Ʈk bnfh m`ƴ oäm p`æ
p`æf,
f, fäm
`ám`, tnk mb`h, akm` ikỂm fîy tæm`,…. Ğẳm fỆk mbƴỖk tỞt `Ʈm, i`îe` qunm `Ʈm
- E`ừmb fkm` Ğƴụe sỾ uy tæm
tæm e`c t`ƴƮmb `kỂu eỢn U`cp
- Eõ Ğƴụe sỾ ĞẢu tƴ e`æm`
e`æm` xîe trcmb t`Ỗk
t`Ỗk ĞẮk fẮmb kmthrmht
- Bknc jkỂm Ğẻp i`kẳm
i`kẳm i`îe` `ämb fu
funn b`ë fun sấm p`ẫf m`kỎu aẢm
19
E@ƣƤMB 57 Z@KẽZ Iẽ OỔ EỪE
Eîe anycut ĞỎu bkỞmb m`nu vỎ p`Ảm `hnjhr vä lccthr, e`ị i`îe m`nu vỎ ecmthmt
vä mõ Ğƴụe iẳ t`ứn e`c eîe anycut i`îe.
5.> T@ẬM @
@HNJH
HNJH_
_ Z_NMB RHO
RHO
@ám` 5.>. @hnjhr trnmb who
- Aä mƮk `kễ
`kễmm t`ỉ acbc U`cp,
U`cp, e`ừe mąmb táf ikẳf,
ikẳf, Ğąmb m`Ầp täk i`cấm,
i`cấm, Ğąmb
iö täk i`cấm, táf ikẳf, ikễf trn bkể `ämb
- Mnvonr oçm trçm
trçm jẩm Ğẳm trnmb tấk ừmb jỨmb, iẳt mỞk fẮmb
fẮmb xå `ớk, t`úmb
t`úmb
oîc vä trụ bk÷p
5.? T@ẬM EC
ECMZHMZ
MZHMZ Z_NMB
Z_NMB RHO Z_NMB
Z_NMB E@Ử
5.?.>
5.?
.> Lkat
Lkathr
hr
@ám` 5.?.> Lkathr
- Lkathr onc bổf m`
m`kỎu
kỎu e`ừe mąmb sảp xẳp t`hc Ğớ p`Ộ okẳm
okẳm,, fộk m`Ẩt, oîm
e`Ắy, bkî tứ t`Ẩp Ğẳm enc `ny tứ enc Ğẳm t`Ẩp vä outtcm e`uyễm trnmb.
5.?.? Jnm` FỨe Eîe
Eîe Uấm T`ẫf
T`ẫf
- Ĕƴụe ZẮc
ZẮc Oồk FỒk I`Ởk
I`Ởk Aä > t`ẹ
t`ẹ jkv
- UỦ jỨmb lahx-oc
lahx-ocx7
x7 jkspany
jkspany77 la
lahx,
hx, lahx-wn
lahx-wnp7
p7 wnp t`
t`uớ
uớee tæm`
tæm` Ğễ jäm `ämb
`ämb
mbnmb sấm p`ẫf vä quy Ğỉm` sỞ sấm p`ẫf trçm fỒk `ämb Ğễ eõ t`ễ e`c bknc jkỂm jỈ
m`ám m`Ẩt vä t`ïm t`kỂm vộk mbƴỖk jûmb
- @kỂu ừmb `cvhr sẶ aäf mỘk oẦt sấm p`ẫf
p`ẫf tƴƮmb ừmb, eỨ t`ễ ồ Ğïy sẶ aä ocxs`njcw Ğễ ĞỘ oõmb vä t`uúe tæm` trnmslcrf vä pcsktkcm Ğễ i`kẳm sấm p`ẫf jỉe` açm
trçm > e`÷t tẮc sỾ fộk aẮ, t`æe` t`÷ e`c i`îe` `ämb
20
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