Tài liệu Reading practice

Reading Practice - Y2 (2015) – Ms. Cẩm Do this exercise AFTER you HAVE FINISHED the chapter CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM in your course material. Read the following passages and answer the questions: Passage A: The sudden blocking of an artery by a clot is referred to as an embolism. Thrombi as well as other foreign materials, such as fat, air and infective material can cause emboli. (embol/o refers to an embolus, e.g. as in embolectomy.) The development of enzymes that can dissolve blood clots in situ has led to the development of thrombolytic therapies. For example, the drug streptokinase, extracted from bacteria, can be injected into the coronary vessels to lyse a clot and thereby restore blood in the coronary system. The thrombolytic drugs streptokinase, altepase and anistreplase have all been shown to reduce mortality when given by the intravenous route following a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction). Question 1 Embolism ______________. o o o o is similar to embolectomy is caused by “embol/o”. is formed by a clot is one of the foreign bodies Question 2 Regarding enzymes, what does the passage 1 mention? o o o o They can dissolve in blood They are the reason for a type of treatment They are used in thrombolytic therapies They develop so quickly Question 3 What are streptokinase, altepase and anistreplase? o o o o They are used for patients with heart attacks These drugs help to prevent disability These drugs are taken orally They are drugs of all blood diseases Passage B: The term atheroma means a porridge-like tumour and is used to indicate the presence of fatty plaques in the lining of arteries. Atheroma is a common disorder of blood vessels and the presence of such deposits is often related to aspects of one’s lifestyle such as smoking, lack of exercise and diets rich in certain types of fat. Atheroma in coronary arteries increases the chance of their becoming blocked, thus predisposing the heart to myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis is a common form of arteriosclerosis that results from the presence of atheroma and calcification in vessel walls. Contributing factors to the development of this condition include advanced age, diabetes, high-fat and highcholesterol diets, hypertension and smoking. Question 4 What causes atheroma? o o o o Deposits in the lining of arteries A porridge-like tumour Unhealthy lifestyles Fatty plaques on the inner walls of arteries Question 5 What does the underlined word “predisposing” probably mean? o o o o causing preventing blocking increasing Question 6 Which does NOT contribute to atherosclerosis? o o o o Aging Cigarette smoke Abnormally low blood pressure Calcification Passage C: A sphygmomanometer is an instrument that uses a manometer to measure blood measure. Two pressures are measured: the systolic pressure when the ventricles of the heart are forcing blood into the circulation, and the diastolic pressure which is the pressure within the vessels when the heart is dilating and refilling. The sphygmomanometer can be used to detect hypertension, i.e. a persistently high arterial blood pressure, or hypotension, an abnormally low blood pressure. Both of these conditions have a variety of causes. The stethoscope is used in conjunction with the sphygmomanometer to listen to the sounds made by blood flowing through the brachial artery when recording the blood pressure. Question 7 The pressure in which blood is forced into circulation is called diastolic pressure. o o True False Question 8 The diastolic pressure happens when the heart is dilating and refilling. o o True False Question 9 Hypotension means low blood pressure. o o True False Question 10 A sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope can be used together to measure the blood pressure. o o True False Good Health – Ms. Hằằng Read the following passage and answer the questions: Good Health Most people would agree with the definition of good health as being a state where you are free from sickness. Despite this, there are many different opinions about how a person can actually have good health. People used to only think of their health when they were sick. But these days more and more people are taking measures to make sure that they don't get sick in the first place. In this article I will describe a few of the most common things that you can do to stay healthy. One of the best things you can do for your body is exercise. But how much is enough? Not everyone agrees on exactly how much people should exercise each day. Some people think that doing simple things like cleaning the house are helpful. Other people do heavy exercise everyday such as running or swimming. One thing experts do agree on is that any kind of exercise is good for you. Along with exercise, having a healthy diet can help promote good health. Foods like vegetables and fruits should be eaten several times each day. It is also important to eat foods high in fiber such as beans, grains, fruit and vegetables. Fiber helps your body to digest the food you eat. It also helps your body in other ways such as decreasing the chance of getting some cancers, heart disease and diabetes. Avoiding foods with a lot of sugar, salt and fat is a good idea. Eating these kinds of foods can lead to a variety of health problems. The main one being obesity. Obesity means having so much fat on your body that you are risking your health. In todays modern world, we all have some level of stress in our life. Different things cause stress for different people. Money problems, work and relationships with other people can all cause stress. It can also be caused by good things like getting married or moving into a new house. The important thing to remember is that you can never completely remove stress from your life. It will always be with you. Instead of trying to remove stress, people need to be aware of what causes them stress and find ways to reduce the impact that stress has on their lives. There are several ways to fight against stress in your life. Exercise andsports are a great way to reduce stress. Other activities like Tai Chi, yoga or taking a walk also help reduce stress. Changing the way you think can also reduce stress. Try living for now, and don't worry about the future. The things I’ve just mentioned are only some of the ways that people can have good health. Doing these simple things can help you to have a better life now and will lead to a longer and happier life in the future. Question 1 What is the main idea of the text? o o o Knowing the difference between good health and bad health is important. Exercising, a healthy diet and reducing stress lead to a healthy life People all over the world have different ideas of what “good health” means. Question 2 Tai Chi, Yoga and taking a walk are examples of _________. o o o how we live now. ways to reduce stress. changing how you think Question 3 Beans, grains, fruit and vegetables are examples of __________. o Foods that can cause obesity o o Foods you should eat several times a day Foods with fiber Question 4 What is one cause of obesity? o o o Foods high in fiber Unhealthy foods A lot of exercise Question 5 The word “It” in bold refers to: o o o World Work Stress Question 6 In which order were these ideas presented? o o o Exercise, diet, stress Diet, stress, exercise Stress, diet, exercise Question 7 Everyone agrees on how to have good health. o o True False Question 8 You must do difficult exercise for a long time everyday to be healthy. o o True False Question 9 To be healthy people have to stop all stress in their life. o o True False Bài Tập Reading Y2 – Mr. Thành Read the following passage and answer the questions: Glands manufacture and secrete necessary substances. Exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts, but endocrine glands, or ductless glands, release their products directly into the bloodstream. One important endocrine gland is the thyroid gland. It is in the neck and has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid gland collects iodine from the blood and produces thyroxine, an important hormone, which it stores in an inactive form. When thyroxine is needed by the body, the thyroid gland excretes it directly into the bloodstream.Thyroxine is combined in the body cells with other chemicals and affects many functions of the body. The thyroid gland may be underactive or overactive, resulting in problems. An underactive thyroid causes hypothyroidism, while an overactive one causes hyperthyroidism. The former problem called myxedema in adults and cretinism in childre n, causes the growth process to slowdown. A cretin's body and mind do not grow to their full potential. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, results in extreme nervousness, an increase in heart action, and other problems. Either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may result in goiter, or an enlarged thyroid gland. A goiter will appear when the body is not getting enough iodine. Goiter is less common today, since most people use iodized salt. (Collected material) Question 1 The thyroid gland is called an endocrine gland because it _____________. o o o o has ducts has lobes secretes directly into the bloodstream is located in the neck Question 2 The bold word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to: o o o o iodine thyroxine thyroid gland blood Question 3 A cretin is _____________. o o o o an adult with an underperforming thyroid gland a child with hyperthyroidism a young person with hypothyroidism an extremely irritable child Question 4 Which of the following is a probable result of myxedema? o o Sluggishness Perspiration o o Overproduction of thyroxine hyperactivity Question 5 In paragraph 3, the bold word “former” refers to: o o o o hypothyroidism overactive thyroid hyperthyroidism secretion Question 6 A goiter is ____________. o o o o a chemical an underactive thyroid gland a person with myxedema a swollen thyroid gland Question 7 Exocrine and endocrine glands are distinguished from each other by whether they ___________. o o o o cause myxedema or cretinism secrete through ducts or without ducts result in an enlarged or shrunken goiter cause hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism Question 8 In paragraph 1, the word “secrete” is closest in meaning to ___________. o o o o indiscernible absorb display emit Question 9 If a thyroid is not working enough, the illness is known as __________. o o o o excretion hyperthyroidism hyperactivity hypothyroidism Question 10 The main idea of the passage is ___________. o secretion with and without glands o o o the illnesses of an overactive thyroid gland how glands work the function and illnesses of the thyroid gland Question 11 The function of the thyroid gland is described in paragraph: o o o o 1 4 2 3 Bài kiểm tra Y2 – Ms. Thủy Read the following passage and answer the questions: Non -Hodgkin's Lymphoma Mr. F, a 48 -year -old male, presented to his GP (General Practitioner) with a painless swelling in the right axilla. The lump had been present for at least two months before his consultation and he had not been unduly concerned until he noticed a similar lump in his left axilla that appeared to be increasing in size. The patient indicated he had a good appetite and denied weight loss. There had been no change to his bowel and bladder habits and apart from a recent cold and tonsillitis he had not suffered any infection. He had smoked for 32 years and admitted moderate drinking. The only problem he mentioned was difficulty in sleeping; sometimes he would wake sweating copiously. Examination revealed prominent lymph node enlargement in the right and left axillae and inguinal areas. The largest node was located in the right axilla, approximately 2 cm across. Examination of the head and neck also revealed enlarged cervical nodes, the largest approximately 1.5cm across. The nodes were firm, tender and rubbery on palpation. Cardiovascular and pulmonary examination was normal. He had splenomegaly that was palpable 3cm below the left costal margin. His tonsils appeared swollen. It was evident from initial examination that Mr. F was suffering from a generalized lymphadenopathy that did not appear to be associated with infection. Mr. F underwent axillary nodal biopsy and his specimen was sent to histopathology. Examination of the tissue revealed a follicular, small, cleaved cell non -Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). This was followed by a bilateral bone marrow trephine biopsy that demonstrated cells suspicious for lymphoma similar to those found in the nodes. The lymphocytes forming the tumor were classified as being of B-cell origin. Computerized tomography (CT) was used to assess nodal enlargement and he was referred to the oncology department for staging. Mr. F underwent four cycles of chemotherapy (CHOPS) and since then no disease is evident in his bone marrow and his lymphadenopathy has regressed. Find words in the text which mean: Question 1 The armpit: __________. Question 2 Removal and examination of living tissue: _______________. Question 3 Treatment with chemicals _________________. i.e. cytotoxic drugs that kill cancer cells: Question 4 Study of tumours/cancers: _________________. Question 5 Technique of using _________________. X-rays to image a section through the body: Question 6 Enlargement of the spleen: ______________. Question 7 Disease of the lymph glands i.e. lymph nodes: ______________. Question 8 Study of disease of tissues (here refers to a section of the pathology laboratory): __________________. Question 9 Inflammation of the tonsils: ________________. Reading: More about the lungs and respiratory system Read the following passage and answer the questions: Breathing patterns are altered when there is infection, disease, blockage, or injury to the respiratory system. the ability of the lung to accommodate a sufficient intake of air is known as pulmonary capacity. This is measured in terms of volume. Several types of lung volumes are used to assess and diagnose the health or illness of the lungs. These include inspiratory volume, functional residual volume, vital capacity and total capacity. The rate at which the lungs inflate and deflate (the ventilation rate) can be affected by infection or other disease and by various other stimuli. Factors that may increase the rate and depth of ventilation include increased or decreased levels of arterial blood gases, an increase in prolonged pain, and a decrease in blood pressure. factors that can decrease or inhibit the rate and depth of ventilation include severe pain causing apnea, decreased body temperature, increased blood pressure, and increased levels of arterial blood gases. Health professionals recognize the importance of assessing for and ensuring adequate oxygenation for health and healing. Any impairment in the respiratory system, particularly the lungs, adversely affects every other organ and cell of the body. Disease of any part of the lung can affect the ph balance of the body. The term pH stands foe the potential hydrogen in the body. Human blood is rated at 7.4 on the pH scale. A reading of less than 7 (<7) indicates an acidic imbalance called acidosis; while a reading of greater then 7 (>7) indicates alkalinity. The respiratory system has its own capacity to protect itself from toxins, viruses, bacteria, and other disease-causing agents. This is accomplished through the system's ability to secrete mucous. It is the system's most significant protective mechanism. Mucous traps toxins and attempts to isolate or expel them. It is then expelled from the body by the process of sneezing and coughing. Phlegm, on the other hand, is a sticky secretion of mucous that originates only in the lungs. When expelled by a cough, it is referred to as sputum. Question 1 Find a word in the reading text means "changed": __________________________ Question 2 What is "pulmonary capacity"? o o o o The ability of the lung to expel air out of its capacity The ability of the lung to accommodate the extra air volume The ability of the lung to have a sufficient intake of air D. The ability of the air to enter the lung Submit Question 3 Doctors can use the lung volume to identify some problems of the lung. o o True False Question 4 Increased or decreased levels of arterial blood gases can increase the rate and depth of ____________. Question 5 Match the left to the right: Decreased body temperature Infection, various stimuli affect Decrease in blood pressure decreases the rate and depth of ventilatio affect how the lungs inflate and deflate increases the rate and depth of ventilation Question 6 Any impairment in the respiratory system affects ______________. o o o o None are correct the pH balance of the body and one particular cell of the body the pH balance and one particular organ of the body the pH balance and other organs, and cells of the body Question 7 The term pH stands for __________ __________ (2 words) in the body. Question 8 Match the left to the right: pH > 7 human blood pH = 7.4 alkanility pH <7 acidosis Question 9 What helps the lungs to protect from pathogens? o o o Mucous Sputum Phlegm Question 10 What are inside the lungs? o o o o the mucous and sputum the phlegm and sputum the mucous and phlegm mucous, phlegm and sputum 12-minute test Read the following passage and answer the questions: Diabetes mellitus W, a 14-year-old boy on holiday in the locality, was brought into Accident and Emergency (A & E) by his worried parents. Prior to admission he had complained of tiredness,insomnia and his mother had noticed that despite a good appetite he had become thinner. On the morning of admission he suffered abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, his breathing had become irregular and at times he appeared semiconscious. Further questioning of the parents indicated the patient had recently developed polydipsia and polyuria. On admission he was conscious and hyperventilating;he was dehydrated and his breath had the fruity odour of ketones. Blood and urine samples were analysed and quickly indicated clinically significant levels of glycosuria, hyperglycaemia and ketonaemia. W's condition was diagnosed as diabetic ketoacidosis and emergency treatment was commenced. Vital signs on admission: + + + + Pulse Oral temp BP110/70 98 per minute 36.0°C Blood glucose Urine 3+ Hyperventilating 28 mrnol/litre ketones He was given an initial intravenous infusion of 6 units of soluble insulin followed by 6 units hourly. His fluid and electrolyte loss were replaced by an intravenous saline infusion. His blood glucose was monitored hourly and electrolytes 2 hourly in the initial phase of treatment. When his blood glucose reached its normal value, he was given a saline infusion of 5% Dextrose containing 20 mmol KCl per litre. The dose of insulin was adjusted according to the hourly blood glucose results. W's parents were informed their son was suffering from Type 1 diabetes mellitus also known as insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a chronic incurable condition brought on by a failure of the pancreatic islets to produce insulin. Once recovered from his acute attack he was referred to the diabetic clinician for advice on insulin therapy and his GP was informed.much/excessive well to advice, and now selfcondition of too He responded thirst administers two daily injections of insulin. His regimen was adjusted to avoid hypoglycaemia condition of injections consist of a mixture of short and and give good glycaemic control. Both sugar in the urine intermediate-acting insulins, the first before breakfast and the second before his evening condition of too much urine meal. small islands of cells that secrete insulin in the pancreas (Islets of Match the left to the right: islets Langerhan's) regimen the ionized salts in the blood (e.g sodium and potassium ions) abnormal acidity caused by ketones polydipsia ketonaemia condition of below normal levels of sugar in the blood insomnia regulated scheme (e.g. of taking drugs/ medication) condition of inability to sleep glycosuria condition of ketones in the blood electrolyte hyperglycaemia condition of above normal concentration of sugar in the blood above normal ventilation rate of the lungs (rapid deep breathing) hyperventilating ketoacidosis 10-minute test (1) Read the following passage and answer the questions: Allergies Some people suffer from hay fever when pollen is in the air. Others develop skin rashes when they touch certain substances. Still others experience stomach cramps after eating particular foods. These ailments are all caused by allergic reactions to various substances. In most cases, an allergy causes relatively mild symptoms such as sneezes from breathing dust. A rare and severe allergic reaction can occasionally lead to death. Death from bee stings is an example of this severe type of allergic reaction. When possible, one should avoid contact with the pollens, foods or whatever has previously caused an allergic reaction. Many substances are so widespread, however, that it is difficult to avoid them. These include dust, pollens, and polluted air. When allergy is severe, it is possible for a physician to desensitize the person to the allergen by injecting a small amount of an extract of the allergen under the skin, and gradually increasing the dose until a tolerance to the allergen is built up. Question 1 Allergic reactions _________. o o o o o are usually not too serious usually make people sneeze are experienced by all people unfortunately often end in death are always the cause of rashes Question 2 We can assume from the passage that dust, pollens and polluted air _________. o o o o o are among the deadliest of all allergens account for the death of many people so far are the greatest threat to allergy sufferers in urban areas should be avoided at all costs, or the sufferer may die are allergens that are hard to avoid Question 3 We can conclude from the passage that _________. o o o o o doctors are usually helpless in allergy cases the most common allergic reaction is to bee stings a sufferer can only avoid allergens through professional assistance most allergy sufferers develop stomach pain after eating some foods. allergens and allergic reactions are of various types Question 4 The word "tolerance" is closest in meaning to ________. o o o o the ability to suppress something the ability to prevent something the ability to resist something the ability to suffer something without being harmed Question 5 In some cases, allergies can be life-threatening. o o True False Communicating with elderly patients 1. Are there any circumstances where you think a doctor should override a patient’s wishes, when those wishes mean that the patient may be putting their life at risk? 2. Why do you think this patient made such an impression on the doctor? Read the following passage and answer the questions: Relative risk “It was a tight pain, around my chest, just like when I had my heart attack 40 years ago.” He went on to give a textbook history of cardiac chest pain, which had kept him awake all night two nights previously. When I asked him why he had not sought help sooner, he told me that he had been looking after his son’s pets while he was away for an important job interview: I proceeded to ask about risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, starting with smoking. “Yes, I did smoke, but then again, everyone did then ... you would have too.” Intrigued, I asked what he meant. “I was a Spitfire pilot during the war. Not the normal planes, but the ones on the aircraft carriers. The landing deck was only about 300 feet [about 100 m] long and about 75 feet wide. What made it even harder was that it was a moving target in rough seas. When you’ve done that, chest pain doesn’t seem quite so bad.” His blood troponin concentration was elevated at 1.73 µg/l, and we advised hospital admission for observation and optimisation of his medication. “No thanks, doc,” he replied, “It’s the Bowls Club Christmas dinner tonight – I don’t want to miss it.” We counselled him as to the risks, but he would not stay. It was all we could do to stop him walking the short distance home, rather than waiting for transport. Although I was initially concerned by his refusal to stay, on reflection, I think he made the correct decision. We work in a risk averse environment and often lose perspective. For him, the risk of another ischaemic event or arrhythmia was taken in the context of what he had been through all those years ago. He could not contemplate the possibility of his son missing out on a valuable job opportunity, or not catching up with his friends at their annual dinner, just so that he could stay in hospital. He has taught me a valuable lesson – risk is relative. Stephen J Hanna, GP registrar, department of elderly medicine, York District Hospital, York BMJ 2007;335:666 (29 September), doi:10.1136/bmj.39129.623368 3. In the case above, the doctor lets the patient leave the hospital, despite the fact that they had advised he stay for observation and optimisation of his medication. Discuss what your reaction might have been and the factors that would influence this decision. 4. The doctor says of the patient “We counselled him as to the risks”. What communication strategies might you use in a similar situation to confirm that the patient had understood what the risks were? 5. In the text the doctor says that the patient has taught him a valuable lesson, that “risk is relative.” What do you think he means by this? Think about the following question, there is no need to answer it here. 6. What communication strategies might you use in a similar situation to confirm that the patient had understood what the risks were? 10-minute test (2) Read the following passage and answer the questions: Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease is the end result of the accumulation of plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the muscle of the heart with oxygen and nutrients. The symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease are noted in the advanced state of disease. But most individuals with coronary heart disease show no evidence of disease for decades. The disease progresses unnoticed until the first onset of symptoms, often a "sudden" heart attack, finally arise. After decades of progression, some of these plaques may rupture and start limiting blood flow to the heart muscle. The disease is the most common cause of sudden death, and is also the most common reason for death of men and women over 20 years of age. According to present trends in the United States, half of healthy 40-year-old males will develop coronary heart disease in the future, and one in three healthy 40-year-old women. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Northern Ireland is the country with the most occurrences of coronary heart disease. Question 1 How long can coronary heart disease go unnoticed? o o o o Until plaque accumulates in arteries Until oxygen and nutrients are supplied to the heart Until someone is 40 years old For 10, 20 or 30 years Question 2 Coronary heart disease can progress suddenly. o o True False Question 3 Coronary heart disease is more prevalent among women than men. o o True False Question 4 Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death. o True o False Question 5 Coronary heart disease restricts the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart. o o True False Question 6 It is predicted that one in two American men will probably develop coronary heart disease in their forties in the future. o o True False Question 7 The word "rupture' is closest in meaning to ________. Choose one answer. o o o o prevail integrate burst apart segregate 15-minute test Read the following passage and answer the questions: High Blood Pressure - Hypertension Hypertension (HT) is commonly called high blood pressure, nowadays (2005 on) defined as above 140/85 mm Hg; or if one is a diabetic, over 135/80. About 38% of UK adults have hypertension. Advice and treatment includes exercise, lifestyle changes, and / or diet changes, as well as drugs. Possibly as many as 16 million UK people have high blood pressure, and the proportion of the population is slowly increasing over the years. About 5% have an obvious underlying cause such as kidney disease. Most of the rest have no single obvious cause. Some have a genetic component, with hypertension tending to run in families. In addition there are environmental and lifestyle factors. The most important causes are being obese, smoking, too much alcohol, too much salt, stress, lack of exercise, poor diet, too little potassium, and family history of relatives with hypertension. Oily fish with omega-3 fatty acids is protective against high blood pressure and heart disease. Five self-help measures are suggested: + + + + + Avoid being overweight. Reduce salt intake. Keep alcohol down. Exercise can reduce your blood pressure and help to keep your weight down. Start slowly and build up. Walking is excellent. Aim for 20 to 30 minutes’ activity at least three times a week. Or even better than more intense exercise for a shorter time. Don’t smoke. For questions 1-10, decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). Question 1 Hypertension means high blood pressure. o o True False Question 2 In the coming years the number of UK people having high blood pressure will reach 16 million. o o True False Question 3 A person having blood pressure over 135/80 mm Hg is in the condition of HT. o o True False Question 4 A person with high blood pressure cannot be treated because there are no drugs. o o True False Question 5 One of the causes of HT is kidney disease. o o True False Question 6 Family factor is considered as one of the causes of HT. o o True False Question 7 An overweight person may easily get the risk of high blood pressure. o o True False Question 8 It is advised that you don’t need to use salt in your diet. o o True False Question 9 It is suggested that you don’t smoke too much. o o True False Question 10 Walking is the good way to help keep away from HT. o o True False Vitamin C – Ms. Nhã Read the following passage and answer the questions: Vitamin C Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin used to treat and prevent a wide variety of conditions. Often, people use it to prevent or treat the common cold. However, there are other claimed uses of vitamin C as well, such as for reducing the risk of heart disease. The vitamin has several different effects in the human body, such as: + + + + Antioxidant -- Many of the effects of vitamin C can be attributed to its antioxidant effects. As an antioxidant, it helps prevent the formation of free radicals, damaging molecules or atoms that can start a chain reaction of cellular damage. Free radicals play a role in various age-related conditions, such as cancer and heart disease. Immune function -- There are numerous different proposed mechanisms by which vitamin C may improve immune function. At this time, it is not entirely clear how the vitamin stimulates the immune system. Iron absorption -- Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron from the digestive tract into the body. Various metabolic pathways and synthesis processes -- It is important for many different crucial processes in the body, including forming cartilage and proteins and building or breaking down numerous other compounds or tissues in the body. Vitamin C may be effective for several different uses. However, there is much controversy about some uses, such as for the common cold. Most people do not experience side effects with vitamin C (at normal doses). However, some people may experience side effects (especially with high doses), including, but not limit to nausea, vomiting, heartburn or indigestion, insomnia, kidney stones. Normal doses are probably safe for most people, but high doses can cause problems. Some people may be more likely to experience problems due to vitamin C. Question 1 As anantioxidant Vitamin C can be used to treat ____________. o o o o heart disease common cold hepatitis all of these Question 2 Vitamin C play an important part in the processes of ____________. o o o o cartilage formation iron absorption protein synthesis all of these Question 3 The mechanism of by which Vitamin C fight common cold __________. o o o o has been proved is debatable is entirely clear has not been found Question 4 Which of the following is NOT true? o o o o Vitamin C is believed to reduce the risk of heart disease. Antioxidant effects of Vitamin C result in its many uses in prevention and treatment of diseases. Vitamin C can strengthen the body’s defence against diseases. High doses of Vitamin C can be safe for most people. Question 5 Which one is NOT a side effect caused of vitamin C? o o o o sleeplessness malnutrition nephrolithiasis bringing up food Reading test – Ms. Trân Read the following passage and fill in the blanks using the given words: When you catch a cold, you tend to feel miserable. You are tired of sneezing and blowing your nose ___1___ the time. When someone in your house has a cold, you are ___2___ to get it too. This is because the cold virus ___3___ easily. ___4___ a person who has a cold blows his nose, his ___5___ could carry the cold virus. This virus is then deposited ___6___ whatever he touches such as doorknobs, telephone handles ___7___ shower handles. people who also touch the surfaces of ___8___ things and then clean their nose would obtain the virus as well. To ___9___ your cold from spreading, here is a piece of good ___10___ : wash your hands with soap and water frequently ___11___ that the cold virus would have ___12___ chance to survive. There is no actual ___13___ for the common cold. The medicine that you take makes you feel ___14___ but it cannot ___15___ rid of the cold virus completely. Most people tend to recover ___16___ colds within a week. When you have a cold, the best thing to do is to get ___17___ of rest. You should go to bed early and not over exert ___18___ .Your must also ___19___ more water as fluids help to cool the throat ___20___ relieve nasal passages. (Collected material) __. all __. likely __. spreads __. when __. hands __. on __. or __. these __. prevent Anesthesiology from __. plenty __. advice __. so __. no __. cure __. better __. get __. – Ms. Thảo __. yourself __. drink __. and