Tài liệu Mobile & wireless networking – lecture 1 introduce wireless transmission - geert heijenk lecture-5 cellular systems umts lte

262001 Mobile & Wireless Networking Lecture 5: Cellular Systems (UMTS / LTE) (1/2) [Schiller, Section 4.4] Geert Heijenk Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 Outline of Lecture 5 Cellular Systems (UMTS / LTE) (1/2) •  Cellular evolution         GSM GPRS EDGE IMT2000 / UMTS •  UMTS architecture •  Wideband CDMA 2 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 Cellular evolution 4.5% 3G/UMTS PDC TD-CDMA 73.5% GSM GPRS TD-SCDMA HSDPA/ HSUPA W-CDMA 8% TDMA 14% CDMA One 90%+ EDGE CDMA2000 1x RTT CDMA2000 1x EV-DO CDMA2000 1x EV-DV Source: UMTS Forum, 2005 3 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 GSM Architecture OMC, EIR, AUC HLR GMSC NSS with OSS VLR MSC VLR fixed network MSC BSC BSC RSS BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS 4 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 GSM Radio Interface: TDMA/FDMA 935-960 MHz 124 channels (200 kHz) downlink 890-915 MHz 124 channels (200 kHz) uplink higher GSM frame structures time GSM TDMA frame 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.615 ms GSM time-slot (normal burst) guard space tail 3 bits user data S Training S user data 57 bits 1 26 bits 1 57 bits Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 guard tail space 3 546.5 µs 577 µs GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)           packet switching using free slots only if data packets ready to send (~reservation Aloha) Receiving Class slots Few changes to base station (software) 1 1 2 2 New core network architecture 3 2 (router-based) Sending slots Maximum number of slots 1 2 1 3 2 3 5 2 2 4 8 4 1 5 10 4 2 5 12 4 4 5 Coding scheme 1 slot 2 slots 3 slots 4 slots 5 slots 6 slots 7 slots 8 slots CS-1 9.05 18.2 27.15 36.2 45.25 54.3 63.35 72.4 CS-2 13.4 26.8 40.2 53.6 67 80.4 93.8 107.2 CS-3 15.6 31.2 46.8 62.4 78 93.6 109.2 124.8 CS-4 21.4 42.8 64.2 85.6 107 128.4 149.8 171.2 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 6 GPRS architecture and interfaces SGSN Gn BSS MS Um SGSN Gb Gn Gi HLR/ GR MSC VLR PDN GGSN EIR 7 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 EDGE EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution):           New modulation technique: 8PSK instead of GMSK (bitrate x3) Can be combined with GPRS Adaptive Modulation and Coding Incremental Redundancy (Hybrid ARQ) New BS hardware 8 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 Outline of Lecture 5 Cellular Systems (UMTS / LTE) (1/2) •  Cellular evolution         GSM GPRS EDGE IMT2000 / UMTS •  UMTS architecture •  Wideband CDMA 9 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 IMT-2000/UMTS Vision Support for high data rates     At least 384 kb/s wide-area coverage Up to 2 Mb/s indoor and low-range outdoor coverage Support for high service flexibility       Packet- and circuit-oriented services Wide range of bit rates with high granularity Multiple services on one connection Improved capacity/coverage compared to GSM Easy deployment, e.g. no frequency planning Dual-mode/coexistence with GSM     Terminal implementation Handover between UMTS and GSM Support for terminal positioning (geolocation) 10 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 Frequencies for IMT-2000 (ITU WRC 200) 11 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 IMT-2000 family Interface for Internetworking IMT-2000 Core Network ITU-T GSM (MAP) Initial UMTS (R99 w/ FDD) IMT-DS IMT-2000 Radio Access ITU-R ANSI-41 (IS-634) IP-Network Flexible assignment of Core Network and Radio Access IMT-TC (Direct Spread) (Time Code) UTRA FDD (W-CDMA) 3GPP UTRA TDD (TD-CDMA); TD-SCDMA 3GPP IMT-MC IMT-SC IMT-FT (Multi Carrier) (Single Carrier) (Freq. Time) cdma2000 UWC-136 (EDGE) UWCC/3GPP DECT 3GPP2 ETSI 12 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 UMTS architecture (Release 99 used here!) UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)       Cell level mobility Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) Encapsulation of all radio specific tasks UE (User Equipment) CN (Core Network)     Inter system handover Location management if there is no dedicated connection between UE and UTRAN Uu UE Iu UTRAN CN 13 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 UTRAN architecture RNS UE1 Node B Iub RNC: Radio Network Controller RNS: Radio Network Subsystem Iu RNC CN UE2 Node B UE3 Iur Node B Node B Iub RNC UTRAN comprises several RNSs Node B can support FDD or TDD or both RNC is responsible for handover decisions requiring signalingto the UE Cell offers FDD or TDD Node B RNS 14 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 Core network: architecture BTS Abis BSS BSC Node BTSB VLR Iu MSC GMSC PSTN IuCS AuC EIR HLR GR Node B Node B Node B Iub RNC RNS SGSN IuPS Gn GGSN Gi CN 15 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 UMTS Protocol Architecture - User Plane App App TCP TCP IP IP GTP-U GTP-U PDCP PDCP GTP-U RLC RLC UDP UDP UDP UDP MAC MAC IP IP IP IP PHY FP L2 L1 L2 L1 L2 L1 L2 L1 L2 L1 PHY Iub Uu Legend: FP L2 L1 UMTS IuPS UMTS Transport Network L2 L2 L1 L1 Gi Gn Internet IP Other 16 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 UMTS Protocol Architecture – Control Plane UMM/SM UMM/SM RRC RRC RANAP RANAP RLC RLC SCCP SCCP MAC MAC Signalling Bearer Signalling Bearer NBAP L2 L1 L2 L1 L2 L1 NBAP PHY PHY Uu Legend: UMTS L2 L1 Iub IuPS UMTS Transport Network 17 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 Outline of Lecture 5 Cellular Systems (UMTS / LTE) (1/2) •  Cellular evolution         GSM GPRS EDGE IMT2000 / UMTS •  UMTS architecture •  Wideband CDMA 18 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 Wideband CDMA Overview Direct Sequence CDMA, also known as Wideband CDMA Chip rate 3.84 Mc/s Carrier spacing 5 MHz Transport channels Channel coding Channel coding Multiplexing Transport-channel processing Mapping to physical channels Physical channels Spreading Physical-layer procedures and measurements Spreading 3.84 Mc/s Modulation Modulation ≈5 MHz 19 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010 CDMA Encode/Decode sender data bits code d0 = 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 slot 1 -1 slot 1 channel output 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 d1 = -1 1 1 1 channel output Zi,m Zi,m= di.cm -1 -1 -1 slot 0 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 slot 0 channel output M Di = Σ Zi,m.cm m=1 received input code receiver 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 slot 1 M 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 slot 0 d0 = 1 d1 = -1 slot 1 channel output slot 0 channel output Source: Kurose & Ross, 2005 20 Mobile and Wireless Networking 2009 / 2010