Tài liệu Medical terminology

Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Medical Terminology Prefixes and suffixes The following is an alphabetical list of medical prefixes and suffixes, along with their meanings, origin, and an English example. A Prefix or suffix a-, an- Meaning Denotes an absence of ababdomin(o)- away from Of or relating to the abdomen -ac, -acal pertaining to acanth(o)- thorn or spine acous(io)- Of or relating to hearing acr(o)- extremity, topmost -acusis hearing -ad toward, in the direction of increase, adherence, motion toward, very Of or relating to a gland adaden(o)-, aden(i)adip(o)- Origin language and etymology Ancient Greek ἀ-/ἀν(a-/an-), without, not Latin Latin (abdōmen), abdomen, fat around the belly Greek -ακός (-akos) Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (akantha), thorn Greek ἀκουστικός (acoustikos), of or for hearing Greek ἄκρον (akron), highest or farthest point Greek ἀκουστικός (acoustikos), of or for hearing alge(si)- pertaining to Denoting a white or pale color pain Apathy, Analgia Abduction Abdomen cardiac, hydrophobiac, pharmacomaniacal acanthion, acanthocyte, acanthoma, acanthulus acoumeter, acoustician Acrocrany, acromegaly, acroosteolysis, acroposthia paracusis dorsad Latin Adduction Ancient Greek ἀδήν, ἀδέν- (adēn, aden-), an acorn; a gland Latin (adeps, adip-), fat Adenocarcinoma, adenology, adenotome, adenotyphus Adipocyte Of or relating to fat or fatty tissue adren(o)Of or relating to adrenal Latin glands -aemia (BrE) blood condition Greek ἀναιμία, without blood aer(o)air, gas Greek ἀήρ, ἀέρος aesthesio- (BrE) sensation Greek αἴσθησις -al alb- Example(s) adrenal artery Anaemia Aerosinusitis Anesthesia Latin -alis Latin albus, white abdominal Albino Greek ἄλγος Analgesic Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net 1 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ -algia alg(i)oalloambi- amnioamph-, amphiananaan(o) andr(o)angi(o)anisoankyl(o)-, ancyl(o)anteantiapoarch(i,e,o) pain pain Denoting something as different, or as an addition Denoting something as positioned on both sides; Describing both of two Pertaining to the membranous fetal sac (amnion) on both sides Greek Greek Ancient Greek ἄλλος (allos), another, other Myalgia Myalgia Alloantigen, allopathy Latin (ambi-, ambo), both, on both sides Ambidextrous Greek ἄμνιον Amniocentesis Greek ἀμφί (amphi) not, without back, again, up anus pertaining to a man blood vessel Describing something as unequal Denoting something as crooked or bent Greek Greek Latin Greek ἀνήρ, ἀνδρGreek ἀγγεῖον Ancient Greek ἄνῑσος (anīsos), unequal Ancient Greek ἀγκύλος (ankýlos), crooked, curved Latin (āntē), before, in front of Amphicrania, amphismela, amphomycin Analgesia Anaplasia Describing something as positioned in front of another thing Describing something as 'against' or 'opposed to' another separated from, derived from first, primitive arteri(o)- Of or pertaining to an artery arthr(o)- Of or pertaining to the joints, limbs joint pertaining to enzyme articul(o)-ary -ase -asthenia atel(o) -ation atri(o)- Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP weakness imperfect or incomplete development process an atrium (esp. heart atrium) Andrology, android Angiogram Anisotropic, anisocytosis Ankylosis antepartum Ancient Greek αντι (anti), against Antibody, antipsychotic Ancient Greek ἀπό Apoptosis Ancient Greek ἀρτηρία (artēría), a wind-pipe, artery (used distinctly versus a vein) Ancient Greek αρθρος (arthros), a joint, limb Latin articulum Latin -arius Greek διάστασις, division Greek, ἀσθένεια archinephron : first formed kidney Artery, Arteriole Arthritis Articulation bilary tract Lactase Myasthenia gravis atelocardia : imperfect development of the heart Latin Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net atrioventricular 2 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ aur(i)aut(o)aux(o)axillazo(to) Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Of or pertaining to the ear self increase; growth Latin (auris), the ear Aural Greek αὐτο- Of or pertaining to the armpit [uncommon as a prefix] nitrogenous compound Latin (axilla), armpit Autoimmune auxocardia : enlargement of the heart Axilla azothermia : raised temperature due to nitrogenous substances in blood B Prefix/suffi x balanobibioblast(o)blephar(o)brachi(o)brachy- Meaning Origin language and etymology Of the glans penis or glans clitoridis twice, double Greek βάλανος - balanos, acorn, glans Latin Balanitis life germ or bud Of or pertaining to the eyelid Of or relating to the arm Ancient Greek βίος Greek βλαστός Ancient Greek βλέφαρον (blépharon), eyelid Latin (brachium), from Ancient Greek βραχίων (brachiōn), arm Ancient Greek βραχύς (brachys), short; little, shallow Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradys), slow Biology Blastomere Blepharoplast brady- Indicating 'short' or less commonly 'little' Indicating 'slow' bronch(i)- bronchus bucc(o)- Of or pertaining to the cheek bursa burs(o)- Example(s) Brachium brachycephalic Bradycardia Latin (bucca), cheek Bronchiolitis obliterans Buccolabial Latin Bursitis C Prefix/suffix capillcapitcarcin(o)cardi(o)carp(o)- Meaning Of or pertaining to hair Pertaining to the head (as a whole) cancer Of or pertaining to the heart Of or pertaining to the wrist Origin language and etymology Latin (capillus), hair Latin (caput, capit-), the head Example(s) Capillus Capitation Greek καρκίνος (karkinos), crab Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía), heart Latin (carpus) < Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós), wrist; NOTE: This root should not be confused with the mirror root carp(o)meaning fruit. Carcinoma Cardiology Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Carpopedal 3 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ cata-cele -centesis cephal(o)cerat(o)cerebell(o)cerebr(o)cervicchem(o)chir(o)-, cheir(o)chlor(o)- down, under pouching, hernia surgical puncture for aspiration Of or pertaining to the head (as a whole) Of or pertaining to the cornu; a horn Of or pertaining to the cerebellum Of or pertaining to the brain Of or pertaining to the neck, the cervix chemistry, drug Of or pertaining to the hand Denoting a green color chol(e)cholecyst(o)- Of or pertaining to bile Of or pertaining to the gallbladder chondr(i)o- cartilage, gristle, granule, granular color chrom(ato)-cidal, -cide cilicircumcisclast cocol-, colo-, colonocolp(o)comcontra corcor-, core-, corocordicornu- Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Greek κατά (kata) Ancient Greek κήλη (kēlē) Ancient Greek κέντησις (kentēsis) Cataract Hydrocele Amniocentesis Ancient Greek κεφαλή (képhalē), the head Ancient Greek κέρας, κερατ(kéras, kerat-), a horn Latin (cerebellum), little brain Cephalalgy Latin (cerebrum), brain Cerebrology Latin (cervix, cervīc-), neck, cervix Cervicodorsal Greek χημεία Ancient Greek χείρ, χειρο- (cheir, cheiro-), hand Ancient Greek χλωρός (chloros), green, yellow-green Ancient Greek χολή (cholē), bile Ancient Greek χοληκύστις (cholēkýstis), gallbladder < χολή (cholē), bile, gall + κύστις (kýstis), bladder Ancient Greek χονδρός (chondros) Chemotherapy Chiropractor Ancient Greek χρῶμα Ceratoid Cerebellum Chlorophyll Cholaemia Cholecystectomy Chondrocalcinosi s Hemachromatosi s killing, destroying Of or pertaining to the cilia, the eyelashes; eyelids Denoting something as 'around' another on this side break with, together, in association colon Latin < Latin (cilium), eyelash; eyelid Ciliary Latin (circum), around Circumcision Of or pertaining to the vagina with, together against with, together Of or pertaining to eye's pupil Of or pertaining to the heart [Uncommon as a prefix] Applied to processes and Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos), bosom, womb; hollow, depth Latin Latin Latin Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē), girl, doll; pupil of the eye Latin (cor, cordi-), heart Latin (cis) Greek κλαστός Latin Colonoscopy Colposcopy Contraindicate Corectomy Commotio cordis Latin (cornū), horn Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net 4 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ cost(o)coxcrani(o)- parts of the body describing them likened or similar to horns Of or pertaining to the ribs Of or relating to the hip, haunch, or hip-joint Belonging or relating to the cranium -crine cry(o)cutanecyan(o)- to secrete cold skin Denotes a blue color cyclcyph(o)- circle, cycle Denotes something as bent [uncommon as a prefix] Of or pertaining to the urinary bladder cell cell cyst(o)-, cyst(i)cyt(o)-cyte Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Latin (costa), rib Costochondral Latin (coxa), hip Coxopodite Latin (cranium) < Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krānion), the cranium, skull, bones enclosing the brain Craniology Greek κρύος Latin Ancient Greek κύανος, κυάνεος (kýanos, kyáneos), blue Greek κύκλος (kuklos) Ancient Greek κυφός (kȳphós), bent, hunchback Ancient Greek κύστις (kýstis), bladder; cyst Greek κύτος Greek Endocrine Cryoablation Subcutaneous Cyanopsia Cyphosis Cystotomy Cytokine Leukocyte D Prefix/suffix Meaning dacryodactyl(o)- tear Of or pertaining to a finger, toe dedent- away from, cessation Of or pertaining to teeth dermat(o)-, derm(o)- Of or pertaining to the skin -desis dextr(o)dididia- binding right, on the right side two apart, separation (same as Greek meaning) difdigit- apart, separation Of or pertaining to the finger [rare as a root] separation, taking apart Of or pertaining to the back disdors(o)-, dors(i)- Origin language and etymology Greek δάκρυ Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktylos), finger, toe Latin deLatin (dens, dentis), tooth Ancient Greek δέρμα, δέρματ- (dérma, démat-), skin, human skin Greek δέσις (desis) Latin dexter Greek διLatin Ancient Greek διά (diá), through, during, across Latin Latin (digitus), finger, toe Latin disLatin (dorsum), back Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Example(s) Dactylology Dentist Dermatology arthrodesis Dextrocardia Diacetyl Digit Dissection dorsal, Dorsocephalad 5 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ duodeno- Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP dynam(o)- duodenum, twelve: upper part of the small intestine (twelve inches long on average), connects to the stomach force, energy, power -dynia dys- pain bad, difficult Latin duodeni Duodenal atresia Greek δύναμις (dunamis) Greek δυσ- Dysphagia, dysphasia E Prefix/suffix -eal ecect(o)-ectasis -ectomy -emesis -emia Meaning pertaining to out, away outer, outside expansion, dilation Denotes a surgical operation or removal of a body part. Resection, excision vomiting condition blood condition (AmE) encephal(o)- Of or pertaining to the brain. Also see Cerebro. endo- Denotes something as 'inside' or 'within' Of or pertaining to the intestine [Same as Greek meaning: on, upon] enter(o)epiepisi(o)- Of or pertaining to the pubic region, the loins erythr(o)- Denotes a red color -esophageal, -esophago esthesioeuexexo- gullet (AmE) extra- outside sensation (AmE) true, good, well, new out of, away from Denotes something as 'outside' another Origin language and etymology Latin Greek ἐκ- (ek-) Greek ἐκτός Ancient Greek ἔκτασις Ancient Greek ἐκτομή (ectomē), excision Greek ἕμεσις Greek ἀν-αιμία, without blood Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos), the brain Ancient Greek ἐνδο(endo-), inside, internal Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron), intestine Ancient Greek ἐπι(epi-), before, upon, on, outside, outside of Ancient Greek ἐπίσιον(epísion), the pubic area, loins; vulva Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (erythros), red Greek οἰσοφάγος Greek αἴσθησις Greek Latin Ancient Greek ἐξω(exo-), outside of, external Latin Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Example(s) Ectopic pregnancy Bronchiectasis Mastectomy Hematemesis Anemia Encephalogram Endocrinology, Endospore Gastroenterology Epistaxis, epicardium, episclera, epidural Episiotomy Erythrocyte Eukaryote Exoskeleton 6 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP F Prefix/suffix faci(o)fibr(o) filli-form, -iform fossa front- Meaning Of or pertaining to the face fiber fine, hair like Used to form adjectives indicating 'having the form of' Of or pertaining to the forehead Origin language and etymology Latin (faciēs), the face, countenance Example(s) Facioplegic Fibroblast Latin (forma), form, shape Cuneiform Latin (fossa), ditch, pit Latin (frōns, front-), the forehead fossa ovalis Frontonasal G Prefix/suffix Meaning galact(o)gastr(o)- milk Of or pertaining to the stomach -gen (1) Denotes the sense 'born in, from' (2) Denotes the sense 'of a certain kind' Formative, pertaining to producing Of or pertaining to the knee Of or pertaining to the gums Denoting a grey, bluishgrey color -genic genugingivglauc(o)gloss(o)-, glott(o)- Of or pertaining to the tongue glucoglycognath(o)- glucose sugar Of or pertaining to the jaw knowledge seed, semen; also, reproductive record or picture -gnosis gon(o)-gram Origin language and etymology Greek γάλα, γαλακτAncient Greek γαστήρ (gastēr), γαστρ-, stomach, belly Ancient Greek -γενής (genēs) < γεν-νάειν (gennáein), to be born Example(s) Galactorrhea Gastric bypass (1) Endogen; (2) Heterogenous Greek Cardiogenic shock Latin (genū), knee Genu valgum Latin (gingīva), gum Gingivitis Ancient Greek γλαῦκος (glaúkos), grey, bluishgrey Ancient Greek γλῶσσα, γλῶττα (glōssa, glōtta), tongue Greek γλυκός, sweet Glaucoma Ancient Greek γνάθος (gnáthos), jaw Greek Ancient Greek γόνος Greek γράμμα Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Glossology Glucocorticoid Glycolysis Gnathodynamometer diagnosis, prognosis Gonorrhea Angiogram 7 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ -graph record or picture -graphy gyn(aec)o(BrE), gyn(ec)o(AmE) process of recording woman Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Ancient Greek -γραφία (graphía), written, drawn, graphic interpretation Greek γυνή, γυναικ- Electrocardiograph Angiography Gynecomastia H Prefix/suffix Meaning halluc- to wander in mind hemat-, haemato(haem-, hem-) hema or hemo- Of or pertaining to blood hemi- one-half hepat- (hepatic-) Of or pertaining to the liver heter(o)- Denotes something as 'the other' (of two), as an addition, or different sweat tissue similar hidr(o)hist(o)-, histiohome(o)hom(o)humer(o)hydr(o)hyperhyp(o)hyster(o)- blood (AmE) Denotes something as 'the same' as another or common Of or pertaining to the shoulder (or [rarely] the upper arm) water Denotes something as 'extreme' or 'beyond normal' Denotes something as 'below normal' Of or pertaining to the womb, the uterus Origin language and etymology Classical Latin to wander in mind Latin (hæma) < Ancient Greek αἵμα, αἱματ(haima, haimat-), blood Greek Ancient Greek ἡμι(hēmi-), "half" Ancient Greek ἥπαρ, ἡπατο- (hēpar, hēpato-), the liver Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros), the other (of two), another; different Greek ἱδρωτGreek ἱστός Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (homoios) Ancient Greek ὁμο(homo-), the same, common Incorrect Etymology < Latin (umerus), shoulder Greek ὕδωρ Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hyper), over, above; beyond, to the extreme Ancient Greek ὑπ(ο)(hypo-), below, under Ancient Greek ὑστέρα (hystéra), womb Example(s) Hallucinosis Hematology, older form Haematology Hematological malignancy Cerebral hemisphere Hepatology Heterogeneous Hyperhidrosis Histology Homeopathy Homosexuality Humerus Hydrophobe Hypertension Hypovolemia, Hysterectomy I Prefix/suffi x Meaning Origin language and etymology Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Example(s) 8 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ -i-asis iatr(o)- Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP -ic -icle -ics pertaining to small organized knowledge, treatment idio- self, one's own ileoinfra- ileum below Greek -ίασις Ancient Greek ἰᾱτρός (iātrós), healer, physician Ancient Greek ἰᾱτρός (iātrós), healer, physician Greek -ικός (-ikos) Latin Latin -ica < Greek < -ικά Greek ἴδιος, idios, "one's own" Greek ἰλεός Latin inter- between, among Latin intra- within Latin irid(o)ischio- iris Of or pertaining to the ischium, the hipjoint Greek ἴρις Ancient Greek ἰσχιόν (ischión), hip-joint, ischium -ism -ismus iso- condition, disease spasm, contraction Denoting something as being 'equal' -ist -ite -itis -ium isch- one who specializes in the nature of, resembling inflammation structure, tissue Restriction -iatry condition Of or pertaining to medicine, or a physician [uncommon as a prefix; common as as suffix, see -iatry] Denotes a field in medicine of a certain body component Mydriasis Iatrochemistry Podiatry, Psychiatry Hepatic artery Ovarian follicle Idiopathic Ileocecal valve Infrahyoid muscles Interarticular ligament Intracranial hemorrhage Iridectomy Ischiorrhogic Dwarfism Greek -ισμός Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos), equal Greek -ιστής (-istes) Greek -ίτης Greek ἴσχω Isotonic Pathologist Hermaphrodite Tonsillitis pericardium Ischemia K Prefix/suffix karyokerat(o)kin(e)-, kin(o), kinesi(o)koil(o)kyph(o)- Meaning nucleus cornea (eye or skin) movement hollow humped Origin language and etymology Greek κάρυον, "nut" Greek Example(s) Eukaryote Keratoscope Greek κινέω Kinesthesia Greek κοῖλος (koilos) Greek κυφός Koilocyte Kyphoscoliosi s L Prefix/suffix Meaning Origin language and Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Example(s) 9 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP labi(o)lacrim(o)- Of or pertaining to the lip tear etymology Latin (labium), lip Latin lact(i)-, lact(o) lapar(o)- milk Latin latero- Of or pertaining to the abdomenwall, flank Of or pertaining to the larynx, the lower throat cavity where the voice box is lateral Ancient Greek λαπάρᾱ (lapárā), flank Ancient Greek λάρυγξ, λαρυγγ- (lárynx, laryng-), throat, gullet Latin lei(o)-lepsis, -lepsy smooth attack, seizure Greek λεῖος Greek λῆψις lept(o)leuc(o)-, leuk(o)lingu(a)-, lingu(o)lip(o)lith(o)log(o)-logist light, slender Denoting a white color Greek λεπτός (leptos) Ancient Greek λευκός (leukos), white, bright Latin (lingua), tongue -logy Denotes the academic study or practice of a certain field lymph dissolution Destruction, separation laryng(o)- lymph(o)lys(o)-, -lytic -lysis Of or pertaining to the tongue fat stone, calculus speech Denotes someone who studies a certain field: _____-logy Greek λίπος Greek λίθος Greek λόγος Ancient Greek λογιστής (logistēs), studier, practitioner Ancient Greek λόγoς (logos) study Greek λέμφος, λύμφη Greek Greek λύσις Labiodental Lacrimal canaliculi Lactation Laparotomy Larynx Lateral pectoral nerve Leiomyoma Epilepsy, narcolepsy Leukocyte Linguistics Liposuction Lithotripsy Oncologist, pathologist hematology, urology Lymphedema Lysosome Paralysis M Prefix/suffix macr(o)-malacia mamm(o)mammill(o)manumast(o)meg(a)-, megal(o)-, Meaning large, long softening Of or pertaining to the breast Of or pertaining to the nipple Of or pertaining to the hand Of or pertaining to the breast enlargement Origin language and etymology Greek μακρός Greek μαλακία Latin (mamma), breast; udder Example(s) Macrophage Osteomalacia Mammogram Latin (mammilla), nipple Latin (manus), hand Manufacture Ancient Greek μαστός (mastós), breast, women's breast; man's pectoral muscle Greek μέγας Mastectomy Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Splenomegaly 10 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ -megaly melan(o)- black color melos mening(o)mero- extremity membrane part mes(o)meta-meter -metry metr(o)micromon(o)morph(o)muscul(o)my(o)myc(o)myel(o)myring(o)myx(o)- Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Ancient Greek μέλας, μελανο- (melas, melano-), black; dark Ancient Greek μέλος Greek μῆνιγξ, μηνιγγGreek μέρος (meros), part Melanin erythromelalgia Meningitis merocrine, meroblastic middle Ancient Greek μέσος (mesos), Mesoderm "middle" after, behind Greek μετά Metacarpus measurement Greek μέτρον Sphygmomanometer process of measuring Greek -μετρία Optometry Pertaining to conditions Ancient Greek μήτρᾱ (mētrā), Metrorrhagia or instruments of the womb, uterus uterus denoting something as Ancient Greek μικρός Microscope small, or relating to (mikros), small smallness single Greek μονός Infectious mononucleosis form, shape Greek μορφή Morphology muscle Latin Musculoskeletal system Of or relating to muscle Ancient Greek μῦς, μυ- (mys, Myoblast my-), muscle; mouse; mussel fungus Greek μύκης, μυκητOnychomycosis Of or relating to bone Ancient Greek μυελόν Myeloblast marrow (myelon), marrow; bonemarrow eardrum Latin myringa Myringotomy mucus Greek μύξα Myxoma N Prefix/suffix Meaning narc(o)nas(o)necr(o)- numb, sleep Of or pertaining to the nose death neonephr(o)- new Of or pertaining to the kidney nerv- Of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system [Uncommon as a root: neuro- mostly always used] Of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system neur(i)-, neur(o)- Origin language and etymology Greek νάρκη Latin (nāsum), nose Greek νεκρός Example(s) narcolepsy nasal Necrotizing fasciitis Neoplasm Nephrology Greek νέος Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós), kidney Latin (nervus), tendon; Nerve nerve; Cognate with the Greek νευρον (neuron) (see below) Neurofibromatosi Ancient Greek νεῦρον s (neuron), tendon, sinew; Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net 11 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ normo- Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP nerve Latin normal Normocapnia O Prefix/suffix ocul(o)odont(o)odyn(o)-oesophageal, oesophago(BrE) -oid ole olig(o)om(o)-oma (singular), -omata (plural) omphal(o)oncoonych(o)oooophor(o)ophthalm(o)optic(o)- or(o)orchi(o)-, orchidoorth(o)-osis Meaning Of or pertaining to the eye Of or pertaining to teeth pain gullet resemblance to small or little Denoting something as 'having little, having few' Of or pertaining to the shoulder tumor, mass, collection Of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus tumor, bulk, volume Of or pertaining to the nail (of a finger or toe) Of or pertaining to the an egg, a woman's egg, the ovum Of or pertaining to the woman's ovary Of or pertaining to the eye Of or relating to chemical properties of the eye Of or pertaining to the mouth testis Denoting something as straight or correct a condition, disease or increase Origin language and etymology Latin (oculus), the eye Example(s) Oculist Ancient Greek ὀδούς, ὀδοντ(odoús, odont-), tooth Greek ὀδύνη Greek οἰσοφάγος orthodontist Greek -οειδής Latin Ancient Greek ὀλίγος (oligos), few Sarcoidosis Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmos), shoulder Greek -ωμα Omoplate Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalós), navel, belly-button Omphalotomy Greek ὄγκος Ancient Greek < ὄνυξ, ὀνυχο(ónyx, ónycho-), nail; claw; talon Ancient Greek ᾠόν, ᾠο- (ōón, ōo-), egg, ovum Oncology Onychophagy Neoclassical Greek ᾠοφόρον (ōophóron), ovary, egg-bearing Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós), the eye Middle French (optique) < Greek ὀπτικός (optikós); Cognate with Latin oculus, relating to the eye Latin (ōs, or-), mouth Oophorectomy Greek ὀρχις (orkhis, orkhi-) Orchiectomy, Orchidectomy Orthodontist Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthos), straight, correct, normal Greek -ωσις Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net stomatodynia Oligotrophy Sarcoma, Teratoma Oogenesis Ophthalmology Opticochemical Oral Harlequin type ichthyosis, 12 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Psychosis osseoossi- bony bone Latin Latin ost(e)-, oste(o)ot(o)- bone Of or pertaining to the ear pertaining to Of or pertaining to the ovaries Of or pertaining to the eggs, the ovum addition of oxygen sharp, acid, acute, oxygen Greek ὀστέον Ancient Greek οὖς, ὠτ- (ous, ōt-), the ear Latin -osus Latin (ōvarium), ovary -ous ovari(o)ovo-, ovi-, ovoxooxy- Latin (ōvum), egg, ovum Peripheral ossifying fibroma Osteoporosis Otopathy Ovariectomy Ovogenesis Greek ὀξύς Greek ὀξύς P Prefix/suffix papill- Of or pertaining to the nipple (of the chest/breast) papul(o)- Indicates papulosity, a small elevation or swelling in the skin, a pimple, swelling para-paresis parvopath(o)-pathy alongside of, abnormal slight paralysis small disease Denotes (with a negative sense) a disease, or disorder ped-, -ped-, -pes pelv(i)-, pelv(o)-penia peo-pepsia Of or pertaining to the foot; -footed Origin language and etymology Greek παχύς Latin (palpebra), eyelid Ancient Greek πᾶς, παν- (pas, pan-), all, every Latin (papilla), nipple; dimunitive of papula (see below) Latin (papula), pimple, pustle; a small elevation or swelling in the skin Ancient Greek παρά Greek πάρεσις Latin parvus Greek πάθος Ancient Greek πάθος (pathos), suffering, accident Latin (pēs, pēd-), foot hip bone Latin Pelvis deficiency Of or pertaining to the penis Denotes something relating to digestion, or the digestive tract. Greek πενία Greek πέος (peos) Ancient Greek πεπτός (peptós) cooked, digested < πέσσω (péssō) I boil, cook; osteopenia Peotomy Dyspepsia pachypalpebrpan-, pant(o)- Meaning thick Of or pertaining to the eyelid [uncommon as a root] Denoting something as 'complete' or containing 'everything' Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Example(s) pachyderma Palpebra panophobia, panopticon Papillitis Papulation hemiparesis Parvovirus Pathology sociopathy, neuropathy Pedoscope 13 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ perperi-pexy phaco- through Denoting something with a position 'surrounding' or 'around' another fixation lens-shaped -phage, -phagia Forms terms denoting conditions relating to eating or ingestion -phagophagist-: eating, devouring Forms nouns that denote a person who 'feeds on' the first element or part of the word Forms nouns that denotes 'feeding on' the first element or part of the word phallus -phagy phallopharmacopharyng(o)- drug, medication Of or pertaining to the pharynx, the upper throat cavity -phil(ia) phleb(o)- attraction for Of or pertaining to the (blood) veins, a vein phob(o)phon(o)phos- exaggerated fear, sensitivity sound Of or pertaining to light or its chemical properties, now historic and used rarely. See the common root phot(o)- below. Of or pertaining to light phot(o)phren(i)-, phren(o)-, phrenico -plasia -plasty -plegia pleiopleur(o)-, pleur(a) [[diaphragm (anatomy)|diaphragm], the mind] formation, development surgical repair, reconstruction paralysis more, excessive, multiple Of or pertaining to the ribs Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP digest Latin Ancient Greek περί (peri), around Greek πῆξις Greek φακός Ancient Greek φαγία (phagía) eating < φαγεῖν (phagein) to eat Greek -φάγος Ancient Greek φαγιστής (phagistēs) eater; see -phagia Ancient Greek φαγία (phagia) eating; see -phagia Greek φαλλός (phallos) Greek φάρμακον Ancient Greek φάρυγξ, φαρυγγ(phárynx, pháryng-), throat, windpipe; chasm Greek φιλία Ancient Greek φλέψ, φλεβ- (phleps, phlebo-), blood-vessel, vein Greek φόβος Greek φωνή Ancient Greek φῶς, φωτ- (phōs, phōt-), light Periodontal Nephropexy phacolysis, phacometer, phacoscotoma Sarcophagia phagocyte Lotophagi Anthropophagy Aphallia pharmacology Pharyngitis, Pharyngoscopy Hemophilia Phlebography, Phlebotomy arachnophobia Phosphene Ancient Greek φῶς, φωτ- (phōs, phōt-), light Greek φρήν, φρεν- Photopathy Greek πλάσις Greek πλαστός Greek πληγή Greek pleion Latin (pleura) < Ancient Greek πλευρόν (pleurón), rib, side of the body Achondroplasia rhinoplasty paraplegia pleiomorphism Pleurogenous Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Phrenic nerve, schizophrenia 14 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ -plexy pneum(o)- stroke or seizure Of or pertaining to the lungs pneumat(o)pod-, -pod-, -pus -poiesis polio- air, lung Of or pertaining to the foot, -footed poly- Denotes a 'plurality' of something por(o)porphyr(o)- pore, porous Denotes a purple color post- Denotes something as 'after' or 'behind' another Denotes something as 'before' another (in [physical] position or time) pre- presby(o)primproproct(o)prot(o)- production Denoting a grey color old age Denotes something as 'first' or 'most-important' Denotes something as 'before' another (in [physical] position or time) anus, rectum Denotes something as 'first' or 'most-important' pseudopsych(e)-, psych(o) Denotes something false or fake Of or pertaining to the mind -ptosis falling, drooping, downward placement, prolapse (a spitting), spitting, hemoptysis, the spitting of blood derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes Of or relating to the lungs. -ptysis pulmon-, pulmopyel(o)- pelvis pyopyro- pus fever Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Greek πλῆξις Ancient Greek πνεύμων, πνευμον(pneumōn, pneumon-), lung < πνεῦμα (pneuma), wind, spirit Cataplexy Pneumonocyte, Pneumonia Ancient Greek πούς, ποδ- (poús, pod-), foot Podiatry Ancient Greek πολιός (poliós), grey Ancient Greek πολυς (polys), much, many Ancient Greek πορπύρα (porphýra), purple Latin (post), after, behind Medieval Latin (pre-) < (Classical) Latin (præ), before, in front of Greek Latin (prīmus), first, most important Ancient Greek προ (pro), before, in front of Ancient Greek πρωτος (prōtos), first; principle, most important Ancient Greek ψυχή (psyché), breath, life, soul hematopoiesis Poliomyelitis Polymyositis Porphyroblast Postoperation, Postmortem Prematurity Presbyopia Primary Procephalic proctology Protoneuron Psychology, Psychiatry Apoptosis Latin (pulmo, pulmōn-, usually used in plural), a lung Ancient Greek (pyelos) Greek πύον Greek πῦρ, πυρετός Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net pulmonary Pyelonephritis Pyometra Antipyretic 15 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Q Prefix/suffix quadr(i)- Meaning four Origin language and etymology Example(s) quadriceps Latin R Prefix/suffix radiorerect(o)ren(o)reticul(o)retrorhabd(o)rhachi(o)rhin(o)rhod(o)-rrhage -rrhagia -rrhaphy -rrhea (AmE) -rrhexis -rrhoea (BrE) rubr(o)- Meaning radiation again, backward rectum Of or pertaining to the kidney net backward, behind rod shaped, striated spine Origin language and etymology Latin Latin Latin Latin (rēnes), kidney Latin Latin Greek ῥάβδος Greek ῥάχις Example(s) renal retroverted rachial, rachialgia, rachidian, rachiopathy rhinoceros, rhinoplasty burst forth rapid flow of blood surgical suturing flowing, discharge Ancient Greek ῥίς, ῥῑνο(rhīs, rhīno-), nose Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), rose Greek -ρραγία Greek -ρραγία Greek ῥαφή Greek -ρροια rupture flowing, discharge Greek ῥῆξις Greek -ρροια Diarrhoea Of or pertaining to the red nucleus of the brain Latin (ruber), red Rubrospinal Of or pertaining to the nose Denoting a rose-red color Rhodophyte Hemorrhage Galactorrhea S Prefix/suffix Meaning salping(o)- Of or pertaining to the fallopian tubes sangui-, sanguinesarcoschist(o)- Of or pertaining to blood schiz(o)- Denoting something 'split' or 'double-sided' muscular, fleshlike split, cleft Origin language and etymology Ancient Greek σάλπιγξ, σαλπιγγ-, (sálpinx, salpingo-) trumpet [literally] Latin (sanguis, sanguin-), blood Greek σάρξ, σαρκGreek σχιστός (schistos) Ancient Greek σχιζω; Irregular formation of the verb σχίζειν Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Example(s) Salpingectomy Sanguine sarcoma Schizophrenia 16 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP scler(o)-sclerosis scoli(o)-scope -scopy semisial(o)sigmoid(o)sinistr(o)sinus- hardness hardening of the skin twisted instrument for viewing use of instrument for viewing one-half, partly saliva, salivary gland sigmoid, sigmoid colon left, left side Of or pertaining to the sinus -sis sitosomat(o)-, somaticospasmosperma-, spermo-, spermatosplanchn(i)-, splanchn(o)splen(o)spondyl(o)- condition of food, grain body, bodily (schizein), to cut, split Greek σκληρός Greek Greek σκολιός (skolios) Greek -σκόπος Greek -σκοπία Latin Greek σίαλος (sialos) Greek σιγμοειδής Latin Latin (sinus), a curve, bend, bay Greek -σις Greek σῖτος Greek σῶμα spasm semen, spermatozoa Greek σπασμός Greek σπέρμα (sperma) viscera Greek σπλάγχνον spleen Of or pertaining to the spine, the vertebra Splenectomy Spondylitis squamos(o)- Ancient Greek στῆθος (stēthos), chest, cuirass Stethoscope sthenostom(a) Denoting something as 'full of scales' or 'scaly' stop, stand dripping, trickling Denoting something as 'narrow in shape' or pertaining to narrow-ness Of or pertaining to the upper chest, chest, the area above the breast and under the neck strength, force, power mouth Greek σπλήν, σπληνGreek σπόνδυλος / σφόνδυλος, (spóndylos / sphóndylos), the spine Latin (sqāmōsus), full of scales; scaly Greek στάσις Greek στακτός Ancient Greek στενός (stenos), narrow; short stomat(o)- Of or pertaining to the mouth -stomy sub- creation of an opening beneath supersuprasy(l)-, sym-, syn-, sys- in excess, above, superior above, excessive Indicates similarity, likeness, or being together; Assimilates before some consonants: before -stasis -staxis sten(o)steth(o)- Greek σθένος Greek στόμα Ancient Greek στόμα, στοματ- (stóma, stomat-), mouth Greek -στομία Latin Latin Latin Ancient Greek συν(syn), with, together Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net atherosclerosis Multiple sclerosis scoliosis stethoscope endoscopy sialagogue Sinusitis osteoperosis Spermatogenesis Squama Stenography stomatognathic system Stomatogastric colostomy subcutaneous tissue superior vena cava supraorbital vein Synalgia, Synesthesia, Syssarcosis 17 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP l to syl-, s to sys-, before a labial to sym-. T Prefix/suffix tachy-tension, -tensive thecthel(e)-, thel(o)thelytherm(o)thorac(i)-, thorac(o)-, thoracicothromb(o)- Meaning Denoting something as fast, irregularly fast pressure case, sheath Of or pertaining to a nipple [uncommon as a prefix] Denoting something as 'relating to a woman, feminine' heat Of or pertaining to the upper chest, chest; the area above the breast and under the neck Of or relating to a blood clot, clotting of blood thyr(o)thym(o)(ia)- thyroid emotions -tic toco-tome -tomy pertaining to childbirth cutting instrument act of cutting; incising, incision tone, tension, pressure tension place, topical toxin, poison tono-tony top(o)tox(i)-, tox(o)-, toxicotrache(o)trachel(o)trans- trachea Of or pertaining to the neck trich(i)-, trichia, trich(o)- Denoting something as moving or situated 'across' or 'through' Of or pertaining to hair, hairlike structure -tripsy crushing Origin language and etymology Ancient Greek ταχύς (tachys), fast, quickly Latin Ancient Greek θήκη (theke) Ancient Greek θηλή (thēlē), a teat, nipple Ancient Greek θῆλυς (thēlys), female, feminine Ancient Greek θερμός Latin (thōrāx) < Ancient Greek θώραξ (thōrax), chest, cuirass Ancient Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos), lump, piece, clot of blood Greek θυρεο-ειδής Greek: "thymos," spirit, soul; courage; breath, mind, emotions Greek -τικός Greek τόκος Greek τομή Greek -τομία Greek τόνος Greek -τονία Greek τόπος Greek τοξικόν Greek τραχεία Ancient Greek τράχηλος (tráchēlos), neck Latin (trāns), across, through Ancient Greek θρίξ, τριχ(ο)- (thríx, trich(o)-), hair Greek τρίψις Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Example(s) Tachycardia Hypertension Intrathecal Theleplasty Thelygenous Thorax Thrombus, Thrombocytopenia dysthymia Gastrotomy Toxoplasmosis Tracheotomy Transfusion Trichotomy Lithotripsy 18 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ -trophy tympan(o)- nourishment, development eardrum Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP Greek -τροφία, τροφή Greek τύμπανον Tympanocentesis U Prefix/suffi x -ula, -ule ultraumbilicungui- small beyond, excessive Of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus Of or pertaining to the nail, a claw Origin language and etymology Latin Latin Latin (umbilīcus), navel, belly-button Latin (unguis), nail, claw un(i)- one Latin (unus) ur(o)- Of or pertaining to urine, the urinary system; (specifically) pertaining to the physiological chemistry of urine uric acid Ancient Greek οὖρον (ouron), urine Of or pertaining to urine, the urinary system Latin (ūrīna), urine < Ancient Greek ουρον (ouron), see above. Latin (uterus), womb, uterus uri(c)-, uricourinuter(o)- Meaning Of or pertaining to the uterus or womb Example(s) Nodule Umbilical Unguiform, Ungual Unilateral hearing loss Urology Greek οὐρικός Uriniferous Uterus V Prefix/suffi x vagin- Of or pertaining to the vagina varic(o)vas(o)- swollen or twisted vein duct, blood vessel vasculoven- blood vessel Of or pertaining to the (blood) veins, a vein [used in terms pertaining to the vascular system ] Of or pertaining to the belly; the stomach cavities Of or pertaining to the bladder ventr(o)vesic(o)viscer(o)- Meaning Of or pertaining to the internal organs, the viscera Origin language and etymology Latin (vāgīna), sheath, scabbard Latin Latin Latin Latin (vēna), blood-vessel, vein Latin (venter), the belly, the stomach; the womb Latin (vēsīca), bladder; blister Latin (viscera), internal organs; plural of (viscerum), internal organ Example(s) Vagina varicose vasoconstrictio n Vein, Venospasm Ventrodorsal Vesica Viscera X Prefix/suffi Meaning Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Origin language and Example(s) 19 Nguồn: http://en.wikipedia.org/ x xanth(o)xen(o)- Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP etymology Ancient Greek ξανθός (xanthós), yellow Greek ξένος (xenos), stranger Denoting a yellow color, an abnormally yellow color Foreign, different Xanthopath y Xenograft Y Prefix/suffix -y Meaning condition or process of Origin language and etymology Latin -ia < Greek -ία Example(s) Surgery Meaning animal, animal life fermentation, enzyme Origin language and etymology Greek ζῷον Greek ζύμη Example(s) Z Prefix/suffix zo(o)zym(o)- English meanings This section contains lists of different root classification (e.g. body components, quantity, description, etc.). Each list is alphabetized by English meanings, with the corresponding Greek and Latin roots given. Roots of the Body Roots of Bodily Concepts Bodily Concept Digestion Disease Eating Greek Root -pepsia -pathy -phagia Latin Root - Other Root - Roots of body parts and components (Internal Anatomy, External Anatomy, Body Fluids, Body Substances) Body Part/Component abdomen aorta arm armpit artery back big toe bladder blood blood clot blood vessel body Greek Root lapar(o)aort(o)brachi(o)arteri(o)cyst(o)haemat-, hemat- (haem-, hem-) thromb(o)angi(o)somat-, som- Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng: http://yhaiphong.net Latin Root abdominaort(o)axilldorsallicvesic(o)sangui-, sanguinevascul-, vascorpor- Other Root 20