Tài liệu Mạng wireless sensor network kỹ thuật, ứng dụng và định tuyến

BO MAO DVC DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HQC THANG LONG KH6A LUAN TOT NGHIti) MANG WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK KY THUAT, !TING DUNG VA DINTH TUYEN Gilo vii n luthng din : Ths. Holing Trim Minh Sinh vien thyc hien : To BIDAng MA sinh vien : Al2211 Chuyen nginh : MANG — VIEN THONG HA NOI — 2013 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com MJC LVC PHAN 1. TONG QUAN SENSOR NETWORK) 11,14.NG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY (WIRELESS 1 1 1.1. G161 thiln.. 1.1.1. Cong nghe Sensor Network 1 1.1.2. Ong dung cda mgng cdm Min 4 5 1.2. Ting plan vI Id thnO WSNs 6 1.2.1. Cdc themh pan co. bein cdu true mgng clun bin. 1.2.2. Qud trinh phdt trim mgng clan ban. 10 1.2.3. Cdc thach Ade va trd ngai. 11 13 PHAN 2. Kt THU4T CAM BIEN KHONG DIY 2.1. Node cam biin. 13 2.2. Phin citng vi phln mim. 14 2.3. Phlin fogi cam bits. 15 2.4. Hgn chi cis node dm bi n. ••••••••••••• ■•••••■ 17 2.5. Xn hirang ph& trim cos node elm 17 2.6. Kit IntIn 17 PHAN 3. MOT SO irNG DUNG CUA hifiNG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY 3.1. Clic m8 hInh man WSNs.N.N IS 18 3.2.1. Gidin sat va thiu Mien cling nghiep 20 3.2.2. Tv d5ng hod gia dinh va din dein dung 23 3.2.3. Ong dung trong qudn sir va an ninh quoc gia 24 3.2.4. Ong dung trong biro v mdi trudng va ?song nghiep thong minh 25 3.2.5. Ng dung trong thfrang mpi 27 3.2.6. Ong dung trong y ti va gam sdt khde 28 3.2.7. Ong dung trong nghien cgieu 28 3.3. Cie vi dq vI drag diking dgng C1WSNs NN. 28 3.3.1. Ong dung qudn sir, an ninh va thin nhien. 29 3.3.2. Ong dung trong gam sift xe cd va cdc thong tin lien quan 29 3.4. CIc vi dg v frng dgng dgng C2WSNs This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 29 3.4.1. Dilu khiIn cdc that bj trong nha 31 3.4.2. Ditiu khien cdc taa nha tK dOng 31 3.4.3. Quern ly qua trinh to ding trong cong nghiep 31 3.4.4. Cdc sing dung trong y hoc 32 3.5. Kit Ingln 33 PHAN 4. CAC GIAO TH(TC DINH TUYEN CHO MLNG CAM BIEN ICID5NG DAY 4.1. Sg phin phi' vi hgp dtt Kin 34 4.2. Thilit kid vi thich thfrc trong kq thu$t dinh tuyin WSN .35 4.2.1. Kich think m4;mg va djic dnh that' e i theo thee' gian 35 4.2.2. Tai nguyin kin chi 36 4.3. Giao thic djnh twin trong mgmg WSNa 4.3.1. Cdc k9 thuOt dinh tuyin 37 4.3.2. Flooding va cdc 38 thi 4.3.3. Giao tar dinh tuyin thong tin qua sv thaw thuorm 40 4.3.4. Pan nithm pan b4c twang thich, ?Ong luvng thdp (LEACIV 44 4.3.5. nip trung hieu qua cong emit trong he tang thong tin cam bieis 47 4.3.6. Truyin tin true dip 49 4.3.7. Dinh tuyin theo vj tri 51 4.4. Kit SIAM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 56 DANH MVC BINH ANH, BANG BMW Hinh 1 1 M6 hinh mpg cam biin than thuting 6 HInh 12 Ciu tso met node cam biin 7 Hinh 13 Giao thfrc Chung cho mpg cam ban 8 HInh 2 1 Su phat tan cua deg nghe chi tso cam ban 14 HInh 2 2 Ciu tao phin ceng cosi 1 node cam ban 14 Hinh 2.3. Ciu tao pan mini caa node cam Win 15 Hinh 3.1. C1WSNs, lien kit multipoint-to-point, multi-hop 18 Hinh 3 2 C2WSNs, lien kit point-to-point, multipoint-to-point 18 Hinh 3.3. M8 hinh hqp tic va bit hqp tic 19 Binh 3 4 Mee lieu thy Wing luqng trong Bluetooth vi Zigbee 30 Hinh 3 5 Clic (mg dung dile khan trong nha 31 Hinh 3.6. ring dung trong deg nghiep 32 Hinh 3.7. ring dung trong y ti 32 HInh 41 Cac Ong dung mpg WSN 34 Binh 4.2. Truyin de lieu da chang 35 Hinh 43. Flooding cac gai de lieu trong mang thong tin 38 Hinh 4.4. Bang n6 luu luqng do flooding 39 Hinh 4 5 Vin di chteg lin do flooding 40 HInh 4.6. Host gag co ban cult giao that SPIN 41 Hinh 4.7. The tic bit tay trong giao thee SP1N-PP 42 Hinh 4.8. Host dung co ban caa giao thfrc SPIN-BC 43 Illnh 4.9. Phan chia cluster 45 Hinh 4.10. Hai pha trig thai call LEACH 45 Hinh 4 11 Ciu frac ming hinh chu8i 48 Hinh 4.12. Truyin thong diep interests 50 Hinh 4.13. Pha can dat gradients 50 Hinh 4.14. Phan ph6i de lieu theo tuyin dueng duqc eke Wing cao chit luong 51 HInh 415 Quyit djnh chuyin flip mang tinh cuc be vi toan he thing 53 HInh 4.16. Cac chits luqc chuyin tiip gei 54 Hinh 4.17. Giai thult djnh tuyin kliteg hieu qua 54 Hinh 4.18. Cii thien chit luqng giao thfrc djnh tuyin 55 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Bang 1.1. Clic rfnh Arc nghien can v8 WSNs 3 Bing 1.2. Cac gist° thfrc c6 thi clang cho lop tap tong WSNs 9 Bang 1.3. Thin tit vi so sanh cic giai dogn phit Wen cast mpg cam Bien 11 Bang 2.1. Phan 103i cac node then d c diim 16 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com BANG CAC Kir HMU, cic CHfr WET TAT ' Tit vlita ADC AODV API ARC Analogue/Digital converter Ad Hoc On-Demand DistanceVector Application program interface Adapti eve transmitssion rate contr ARQ automatic repeat request BER CSMA Bit error rate Carrier sense multiple access Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector DSDV DSR FDMA FEC GPS HITP HVAC LEACH MAC Dynamic Source Routing Frequency division multiple access Forward error correction Global Possition System HyperText Tranffer Protocol Heating ventilation, and air conditioning Low energy adaptive clustering • hierarchy Medium access control MANET Mobile ad hoc network ME MECN MH NAM NS-2 PA Minimum energy Minimum energy communication network Minimum hop Network AniMator Network Simulator version 2 Power available NigWang BO chuyin di Wang tv / s6 Dinh toyer dtra vio chugi chi Wong theo you du tam thoi He giao till) Igp trinh Ong dung Dieu khien t6c d$ tray& din thich fag Ca chi skla 18i bang you can Iiip lai tv dOng T1) 4 ibi bit Da truy nhgp theo cam Win bru luvng Dinh tuyin theo chugi chi Wong vol Bich tan tv ' Giao thfrc djnh tuyen ngu6n dOng Da truy nhap phin Chia theo tin s6 Cu the sera lgi tru6t He th6ng djnh vi torn au Giao thfrc truyin sieu van bia He th6ng su6i, th8ng gib vi dieu h6a kheing Idii Phan cap cum thick (mng vei Wing luvng dliP Dieu khien truy nhap m8i trutmg truyen din Mang di gong ad hoc (tam th6i, kh8ng QS ca se ha tang) Nang luvng ti8u thy cvc tieu Mpg truyin thong viri riling hrimg clic tieu S6 bulk nhiy cvc tieu M6 ti mpg bang hlnh anh ti)ng Phin mem m8 phong Luang phien bin2 Min Jiang luvng hien tai This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Tai Ali tit, QoS REQ RERR RREP RREQ RS-232 ng Quality of service Request message Route error packet Route reply packet Route request packet Serial Radio Link - 232 SAR Sequential assignment routing Small minimum energy SMECN communication network Self Organizing MAC for SMACS Sensor network SMP Sensor management protocol Sensor protocols for SPIN information via negotiation Sensor query and data SQDDP SQDL" dissemination protocol SQL Structure Query Language Sensor query and tasking SQTL language Transmission Control TCP/IP Protocol/Internet Protocol TDMA Time division multiple access Wireless Integrated network WINS sensors WISENET Wireless SEnsor NETwork WLAN WSN Wireless local area network Wireless sensor network ...c ..... Nal& mug vuif Chit luqng djch vp Bin tin yeu ciu 06i bio liSi tuyin 06i dip img yeu au tuyin 061 yeu cal' Wyk Lien kit v8 tuyin n6i dip theo chuin RS-232 Dinh tuyin chi djnh lien tpc Mang truyin Wing v6i nAng luvng cvc au logi nhe Giao thirc MAC tv t6 chile cho mpg sensor Giao thirc quan sensor Cie giao thircthong tin sensor thong qua th6a thuen Giao thirc truy yin sensor vi ph6 bi6n s6 lieu Nee net truy yin theo ciu frac Nee ngt truy yin vi det nlriem vp sensor Giao tldrc dial' khiin truyin din/giao thirc Internet Da truy nhep phin chia theo thoi gian Mang cac that bj aim bien tick hqp thiet 14 thu phit !thong day He thong meng sensor khong day WISENET Mang clic be khOng day Meng cam ban kliong day r* , This is trial version www.adultpdf.com LoI NOI DAU Sr phit trim cba internet, truyin thong vi Ong nghe thong tin kit ho vai nheng din bo) ky thuat gin day di too dilu kiln cho cic the he cim biin mod vei gii thinh thip, lchi Wing trier lchai quy ma lan vai dO chink xic cao. C8ng nghe diet' khiin vI cim biin gim cim Win day, cim Min trubng Bien ter, cim Min tin si v6 tuyin, cim Win quang lien vi gong ngogi, laser rada vI cim Min djnh vj din dubng. Cic fin bO trong lTnh vuc thiet ki cim been, vat lieu cho phap giim kich thubc, trong luqng vi chi phi sin xuit cim bin ding then tang kill Wing hoot gong vI da chinh xic. Trong tuang lai gin, mgng cam bile lchemg day se tech hop hang trieu cam bier vio he thing di cii thien chit luqng vi thbi gian sing. Cang nghe diet' khiin vI cim bien c6 film Wing 16.n, khong chi trong khoa hgc vi nghien c(ru, mI quan trong hon chum; thrqc stir dyng rang rili trong cac big dung lien quan din bio ve cic c8ng trinh tong yiu, chin sac sac khae, bio ye meoi tnrimg. Wing luqng, an toin thuc phim, sin xuit, Wing cao chit luqng cuac sing vi kinh ti...V6i myc tier giim gii thank vi tang lieu qui trong deg nghiep vi throng mgi, mpg cim biin lchting dity se mang din sy tier nghi vi cic fmg dyng Wit thyc ring cao chit luqng cuOc sing cho con ngubi. Trong nai dung di lieu nay, em xin trinh bay mat cii nhin tong gam vi mmHg cam bin Ichong day, ceu t o vi cic k thu$t xiy dmg mgng cim Min lchOng day. Cic ung cb,mg phi lien co nhieu film am Ong dung trong thyc ti. Ben onh d6 la cic ky thuat dinh tuyln trong mgng cim Win lchong dly. Em xin chat' thinh cam on sy huong an nhiet dnh cia thiy Hoing Trong Minh, sy gqi mar vi gap thiy da hi trq em rit nhieu di em ca the hoin thanh di tai niy. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com DANH M)C CAC TAI THAM 'CHAO 1. Kamm Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati (2007). Wireless Sensor • Network Technology, Protocols, and Application. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2. Anna Sic (2003). Wireless Sensor Network Designs. John Wiley 8c Sons, Inc. 3. Trill Van Su (2005). Truyin so lieu va mpg thong tin stS. Nha xuit ban dpi lux qutoc gia TP.H6 Chi Minh. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com PHAN 1. TONG QUAN Vt MANG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY (WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK) 1.1. Gild thien. Mpg cam Win (sensor network) la ciu talc, la sq kit hqp voi cac kha tiling cam xfr thong tin va cac thinh phin lien lgc de tao kha Hang quan sat, pith tick va phial (mg Igi yeti cac su kien, hien tuqng xey ra tong m6i tiding cu thi nal° d6. Mei truing c6 the la the gi6i vet 1* hay he thong sinh hqc. Cac (mg thing ca bin cua mung cam ban chu yiu gem thu thtip der lieu, giant sat, theo dal, va cac (mg dung tong y hoc. Tay nhien (mg dung cua mpg cam Win ttly theo yeu ciu stl dung con rit da dgng va kheng bi gi6i hgn. C6 4 thanh phin ca ban du to nen mOt mon cam bits: —Cac cam Win duqc phin b6 theo m6 With t#p trung hay phan b6 rai ric; —Mpg luai lien kit gift cac cam ban (c6 chly hay v6 tuyin); —Diem trung tam t#p hqp dtt lieu (Clustering); — BO phen xt1 I* de lieu 6 trung tam. MOt node cam biin la su kit hqp gitta cam Min va bO ph#n 2a1 lf, hap , con goi la mote. King cam Win kh6ng day (WSN) la mpg cam Win tong d6 cac node cam ban duqc kit n6i yeti nhau bang sang v6 tuyin. 1.1.1. Cling nghe Sensor Network Trong mgng cam Win, cam Win duqc xem nhu la phin quan tong nit& phuc vu cho cac (mg dung. Cang nghe cam bit!' vk dieu khien bao g6m cac cam biin trubng dien tar; cam Win tin s6 v6 tuyin;quang, h6ng ngogi, radars, lasers; cac ciun tan dinh vi, din doing, do dgc cac thong so m6i tiding; va cac cam Win phuc vu tong (mg dung an ninh, sinh h6a.... Ngay nay cam ban duqc RI dung vol se luqng 16n. King WSNs c6 d#c diim rieng, dog suit bi gioi hgn, th2ri gian cung cep Wing luqng cOa ngu6n (ch6 yiu la pin) ca that gian ngin, chu kjr nhiem vtr ngin, quan he da diem-diem, s6 luqng kl.rn cac node cam Min... Cam Win ce the chi gem 1 hoc mOt day cam ban. Kich thuoc rut da dgng, tar nano (1-100nm), meso (100-10000nm), micro (10-1000um), macro (vai mm-m)... Do d#c filth cua mon WSNs la di dOng va fru& day do chti yeti la phuc W tong thmg WSNs mo linh Arc quan su nen doi hoi tinh bao m#t cao. Ngay nay, cac 1 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com rang cho cac (mg dung thirong moi, viec tieu chum has se too nen tInh (mg dung cao cho mong WSNs. ye WSNs ce the chia ra lam nhieu thinh phhn, cac so lieu thong Cie nghien ke On day cho 6 bang 1.1. Deployment 9.70% Target tracking 7.27% Localization 6.06% Data gathering 6.06% Routing and aggregation 5.76% Security 5.76% MAC protocols 4.85% Querying and Databases 4.24% Time synchronization 3.64% Applications 3.33% Robust routing 3.33% Lifetime optimization 3.33% Hardware 2.73% Transport layer 2.73% Distributed algorithms 2.73% Resource aware routing 2.42% Storage 2.42% Middleware and task allbcation 2.42% Calibration 2.12% Wireless radio and link characteristics 2.12% Network monitoring 2.12% Geographic routing 1.82% Compression 1.82% Taxonomy 1.52% Capacity 1.52% Link layer techniques 1.21% 2 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Topology control 1.21% Mobile modes 1.21% Detection and estimation 1.21% Diffuse phenomena 0.91% Programming 0.91% Power control 0.61% Software 0.61% Autonomic routing 0.30% Bang L I. Ceic MA vvc nghien Ohl 4 WSNs Cac nghien dm gin day phat tan thong tin ding suit thip vai cac node x6 co gia thanh thip va ce khi niing tkr phan be sip xep, lqa chip giao thfic cho mong, giai quyet bii toin quan tong nhit cila mong WSNs la khi niing cung cep 'Tang hrqng cho cac node cam Men bj gioi hen. Cic m6 hinh Wong day c6 much lieu tho filing luqng thip duqc uu tien phat tan. Hieu qui stl dung Ong suit cia WSNs ye t6ng quit dua tren 3 tieu chi: — Chu k3 hoot gag ngin; —XII 1Sf dft lieu toi cac node de giam chilli dai da lieu vi the gian truyin; —M8 hinh mon multihop lam giam chat dai duling iruyen, qua d6 giam suy hao ttong cong, gain tOng deg suit cho duimg truyen. WSNs duqc chia him 2 loci, theo mto hinh kit mil vi djnh tuyen ma cac node stl dung. a. Laid 1 (C1WSNs) — Si. (long cac giao that djnh tuyin ding; —Cac node to tim throng di tet nhit den dich; — Vai tro cis cac node sensor nay dei WA cac node Ice tie') nhu la cac trim lap (Repeater); — Khoing cach rit ion (hang nghln met); — C6 khi fling x6 if dft lieu 6 cac node chuyin tiep; —Mong nit phtic top. b. Loci 2 (C2WSNs) —M8 hinh da diem-diem hay diem-diem, mOt kit niSi radio den node thing tam; 3 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com —Sir ding giao tilt= djnh tuyen tinh; —MOt node 'thong cung cup thong tin cho cic node kW; — Khoing each chi vii tram met; —Node chuyin tiep kh8ng c6 Ichi aging cho clic node Ichtic; —He th6ng don gib. Tieu chain tin s6 dang duqc ap ding cho WSNs la IEF,F. 802.15.4. Hoot dOng tai tin s6 2.4GHz trong deg nghiep, khoa hoc vi y hoc (ISM), cung cap &Yong truyen dit lieu len den 250kbps b khoing catch 9-62 met. Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 duqc thiet Ice de b6 sung cho catc cong nghe kh8ng day nhu Bluetooth, Wifi, Ultrawideband (UWB), max dfch phoc vu cho cac (mg ding thuong Vii so ra dbi cala ti8u chuan Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4, cac he th6ng din phial trien theo huang ti8u chuin, cho phep catc calm bien truyen th8ng tin qua talc kenh truyen duqc tieu chuin Nhieu nghien ciru trong lTnh voc mong Mobile ad hoc, WSNs Wang to nhu MANETs theo mOt vii d#c diem. Ca hai den la char' mong Wireless, multihop, tuy nhien cac img dung vat ki thu#t gifts hai he thong ce }chic nhau: — Dung th8ng thutmg cala WSNs la da ngu6n dft lieu Irwin den nai nhafin, khic h&n voi diem-diem trong MANETs; —Cac node trong WSNs it di dOng, trong khi clic node trong ad hoc lat di dOng; —Trong WSNs, clft lieu til talc calm bien chil yeti la tal cac hien tuqng, stir kien the gioi thuc. Can b MANETs chal you la dit lieu; —Do nguan cung cap c6 gi6i hon non aging hrqng trong WSNs duqc quail 1S, rat chit cho. Trong MANETs c6 the IchtIng hi ring buOc bbri ngu6n cung cap do cac that bj th8ng tin c6 the duqc thay the nguan cung cap thutmg xuyen bei ngutti sCt dung; — S6 Wong node trong WSNs la rat Ion con trong MANETs ft han. Do su kluic biet gifts hai m8 hinh giao thirc ma CAC giao thalc dinh tuyen trong MANETs khOng the alp dung hoin toin cho WSNs. Tuy nhien c6 the coi WSNs nhu mOt phin trong MANETs (ad hoc). 1.1.2. eng dung caa wag cam ban Trong pan stir: theo d8i talc max tieu, chien truing, cac nguy ca tin c6ng nguyen sink Trong m8i trartmg: Gum sat chay rung, thay d6i khf 4 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Y te, sec Ich6e: giam sat benh than trong benh vier, quan 1ST thutoc, diet' khan to Trong gia dinh: ip ding trong ng8i nha th8ng minh, dieu ichien cac thiet bj dien... Thucmg mai: (lieu khien trong m8i trterng c8ng nghiep vi van phong, giim sat xe cO, giao th8ng... 1.2. Ting quan vi Id thu$t WSNs Nhu d8 de c#p 6 phin tren, mOt vii mung cam hien dung giao thec xt113% tui node ngu6n trong tam, mOt s6 dung giao thirc xt1 then eau &lc hay goi la xir trtr6c tui node. Thay vi goi de lieu di den node chuyin tap, node thuting dung Ichit Wing x6 1y de lieu cut' minh de gig guy& truem khi phut di. V6i dung du frac, de lieu duqc xOr den mire trot Whit nhtf de lam giiun duqc Wing lucong cin dung vi bang thong kenh truyen. Sau day la mOt vii kT thu(it vi tieu chain phu hop v6i mpg cam bier: - KS+ thwIt dun bien: + tin hieu; + Non vi cac giao thee phat hien, sea 18i; + Phan chia cluster; + Ty phan Whom. —Kg thu(tt truyin v8 tuyen: + Day truyin song; + Sr hu hal dtrong truyin; + Ks, thu(it dieu che; + Giao thec mung. —Cac tieu + WEE 802.11a/b/g: m8 to giao tiep “truyen qua kitting khi", dung song vo tuyin de tiny& vi than tin hien gitta mOt thiet bj Ichang day vi t6ng dii hoc diem truy c#p, hay gift hai hay nhieu thiet bj di dOng voi nhau; + IEEE 802.15.1 PAN/I3luetooth; + IEEE 802.15.3 ultrawideband (UWB); + WEE 802.15.4/Zigbee: 11 tieu chain cho v8 tuyen. Zigbee la phin mem (mg dung vi mung logic; + IEEE 802.16 Wimax; 5 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com + IEEE 1451.5 (Wireless Sensor Working Group); + Mobile IP. — Cie phin mem img dung: + He diet hanh; + Phin mem mpg; + Phlin mem kit nii ca so de lieu truc dip; + Phin mem trung gian; + Phin mem quail de lieu. 1.2.1. Cdc thank ph4n co ban ctfu uric mgng cam biin. Trong phin nay t8i t#p trung yao cac thanh phin co ban yi thiet ke mpg tam caa m8 hinh mpg WSNs clang 1 (C1WSNs) vi dAy II m8 hinh c6 s6 ltrog 16n cam bits trong mpg, chugi de lieu nhieu, du lieu Idiong th#t hoan hao, kha Wing his hang cac node cao, ding nhu Ichit tang bj nhigu 16n, giai hp tong suit cung cip, thieu thong tin cac node trong mpg. Do d6, C1WSNs t6ng quit ham C2WSNs. Sr phat tan mpg cam Wen dua tren su cal tien ye cam bien, thOng tin, tinh toan (giai thu#t trao d6i de lieu, pan cling ya phin mem). H1nh 1.1 du& day cho thiy c&u trac caa mOt mang cam Wen th8ng thuong. Cac cam bien lien kit theo giao thee multihop, phan chia cluster chon ra node c6 kha n5ng tit nh&t lam node trung tam, tit ca cac node loci nay se truyen ye node l chinh. Nh6 yaly, Wing luqng cling nhu bang th8ng se duqc stl dung hieu qua hon. Tuy nhien, du trim mpg phirc tap va giao thec phan chia cluster ya djnh toy& ding tr6 nen kh6 khan hen. <=3 Final Proomaing Node Ifinh 1.1. Mo hinh wing cam ban thong thuOng 6 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com a. MOt vii dee diem. - Cic node phin b6 diy dec; - Cic node ca bi hu hong; - Giao thirc mpg thay d6i thubng xuyen; - Node bi gioi han ve Gong suit, khi Wing tinh town vi be nh6; - Cic node c6 the khemg ding nhitt tren town thing vi s6 lucmg qui 16n. b. C&u to met node cam Wen. Theo hInh 1.2 du& day thl met node aim Bien c6 cfu too g6m 4 thinh phin co bin: - Dan vi cim Win (Sensing unit); - Dan vi xfr 1S, (Processing unit); - Dan vi truyin din (Transceiver); - BO ngu6n (Power unit); - Nhitng thinh phAn irng dung lchic (Location finding system, Power generator, Mobilizer/actuator). Sensing unit Sensing unit 12 Sensor ADO Sensor ADC Pronensky unit flonannot .4-1Trunsteiver Scrap POwer unit F ccation OMNI Viten . Pamir genetator I mobuzedaatuator ADO Anakvo-DIsitai Converter Hmnh 1.2. Cliu too nOt node earn ban Dan vi cam bien bao g6m mOt cim Nen (sensor) vi met be chuyen di tin hieu tuang to s6 (ADC). Dua tren nhttng hien tuang quan sit duqc, tin hieu tuang to to Uri sensor dtrqc chuyin sang tin hieu s6 bing be ADC, sau d6 duqc dtra vio be xir Met node cam img ce the c6 met hay nhieu don vi cim bier. 7 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Dan vi Xer 151 thu6ng duqc kit hqp vol mOt bO km nh6 (Storage), guy& dinh cic thi tqc lim cic node kit hqp lai voi nhau de thqc hien nhiem vp dinh sin. Dan vi truyen din duqc n4Si tOi mOt angten de phit tin hieu vi kit cic node. BO nguton li thinh phAn quan tong nhAt, ce nhiem vu cung cep nAng Wrong cho node cim Wen. Thy vio img dung ma cic nixie s8 c6 them cic thinh phin irng dung. Tit ci nhung &AM phin nay cAn phii phi hqp v6i kich ca cia t6ng module. c PhAn mum (He diet' hinh vi phAn mum trung gian). Cic he dieu hinh mA ngul$n m6 duqc this ke dac biet cho mpg WSNs de cung cip sq host dung cho cic node. Thong thirtmg, cic he dieu hinh d6ng kiln tnic chat tren thinh phin de c6 the thiet lap mOt cich nhanh ch6ng trong khi dung luong code phii nh6 di phi hqp voi bUt nha ce ban cia mpg cim bien. TinyOS la mOt vi du (tan hinh, day la mOt chuin lcheong chinh th(rc. Thinh phAn mks TinyOS bao gum giao thirc mang, phan ph6i cic node, drivers cho cim Wen vi cic (mg dyng. Rit nhieu nghien stl dung TinyOS trong m8 pheng de phit trim vi kiem tra cic giao th(rc vi giii thuat mai. d. Cic chuin cho cic giao thirc van tii. Mqc dich thiet Ice WSNs la de phit trim giii phip main IchOng day dua tren tieu chuin ve hao phi li thAp nhit, dip (mg cic you ciu nhu dit lieu thip vi trung binh, tieu thq c8ng suit thip, dim bao dO bio mat vi tin 4y cho 4 th6ng. Vi tri cic node cim bien hiu nhu kh8ng duqc xic dinh tnr6c, non cic giao th(rc vi giii thuat ming phii c6 khi Wing ter Ay dung. Cic nha nghien c(ru d8 phit trim nhieu giao thirc dac biet cho WSNs , trong d6 vin de am bin la Wing luqng lieu thq phii thip nhAt c6 the. Chi yeu tap trung vi cic giao thfic dinh tuyin vi dinh tuyen trong WSNs co khic dinh tuyen trong cic mpg truyen thong (phu thuOc vi (twig vi kiln tr(ic mnng). I Minh 1.3. Giao the c chung cho mgng cam 8 bien This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Giao thirc mpg cam Men bao gem cac giao th(rc lien lac trong vi ngoai mpg. Giao thirc lien kit trong mpg g6m cac 16p nhu m8 hInh OSI: - Layer 1: L6p vet 1Sr: cac quy ask ve dien, kenh truyen, cam Min, xth IS , tin hieu; — Layer 2: Lap lien kit d0 cac du frac khung, quy djnh thoi gian; — Layer 3: Lap mung: nhiem vu djnh tuyin; —Layer 4: Lesp giao yen: truyin d0 lieu trong mmHg, luu frit das lieu; phuc vu cac ang dung trong man& —Layer 5: Lop ang dung hay lop giao ale yeu clu th ben ngoai... bao (mg dung, kit hqp dtt lieu, GPRS/GSM I xRTT/CDMA IEEE 802.11b/g IEEE 802.15.1 IEEE 802.1! Market name for standard 2.5G/3G Wifi Bluetooth ZigBee Network target WAN/MAN WLAN and hotspot PAN and DAN WSN Application on focus Wide area voice and data Enterprise applications (data and VoIP) Cable replacement Monitoring a control 0.064 — 0.128+ 11 - 54 0.7 0.020 — 0.2 Transmission range (ft) 3000+ 1— 300+ 1— 30+ Design factor Reach and transmission quality Enterprise support, scalability and cost Cost, ense of use Bandwidth (Mbps) 1— 300+ Reliability power and c4 Bang 1.2. Cdc giao disk c6 thi dung cho lop tap trong WSNs Bang 1.2 neu ra met se giao &Cm 16p the!) c6 the (mg dung cho WSNs. So sang gifta cac chain, mac Bich c>ja 1mg dung, tieu chum cho thiet ke, khoing cach truyin va bang thong t6i da. Mac du cam bien co gia thanh ngay cang the') nhung yin can thieu cac lieu chain mang cho WSNs, &ell nay la met yeti t6 gay can tra su phut tan mpg cam Wen trong thuong mai. 9 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com e. Dinh tuyen va phAn tin dl lieu. Giao th(rc djnh tuyen cho WSNs roi vio 3 nhom: de lieu trung tam, kiln trim mpg, can dr vio vj tri. Cac quy vac ve tap hqp de lieu de kit hqp aft lieu den tfr cac nguen Ichic nhau qua dubng truyen. Dieu nay cho phep han chi su du thba trong mong, liun giant luqng dtrimg truyen, giarn Ming luqng tieu tho. Trong nOi mong, lieu duqc th ngay khi dang duqc truyin nhim tang hieu qua sir dung nAng luqng cOa town he thong. Di giAi guy& cac van de nhu gioi han bang thong, khA nAng sung cep deg suit tai cac node bj hon chi hay giA thanh cao, thi can c6 qua trinh truac toi nguen tru6c khi chuyin qua cac node lan can, chi truyen thong tin tem tit vi tang hqp nhit. f. chirc vi theo doi mong cam Bien. CAc vin de lien quan den ch(rc mong, theo d8i vi giAm sat mong bao gem quan 15, nhem cAc cam Bien, Icha Wing to phAn chia nhern, xAy di,mg phien lam viec... g. Su tinh toAn. Lien quan den tap hqp clit lieu, dung hqp, phan tich, tinh Man ciu truc vi tin hieu. h. Quart lf de lieu. Phu thuOc vio kiln trim dit lieu, co se de lieu, ky thuOt truy yin vi luu trit de lieu. Trong m8i throng mong truyin tilting, de lieu duqc thu th4p den tnmg tam de luu nit khi c6 yeu ciu duqc di. Trong cAc mpg phirc top hon, cAc yeu ciu theo thin gian thuc, can c6 cac ky thult duqc xAy dung dUng cho cac m8 hinh luu tre de lieu phAn be. De lieu can duqc dAnh chi se de kiem tra (theo Idgong gian vi thbi gian) met cach hieu qua hon. i. Bio met. Bat) mat la met phAn quan tong trong mpg WSNs, ne dam ham su an toim, chic chin, nhit quart vi tinh sin sang curt thong tin. 1.2.2. Qud trinh phdt triin mpg cam ban. Thiri chi& trang With, cAc mong ngim duqc phit irien rOng rAi 6 My dung trong giam sat ngim duth day Bien. Moog tren kitting phimg thu radar duqc Irian khai 6 Bic My. mong cam Bien vio diu nheng nAm 1980 Su thtic day manh me cho nghien vai chuong trinh Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA). 10 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Sr phat then cic (mg dung trong quan sir, Niko nhOng am 1980-1990, day c6 lila coi la the 110 di* nhit cda cac sin pant thuang mai dua tren cac nghien dm DARPA DSN. Nghien ciru mpg dun Wan ngiy nay, day la the 110 thfr hai cda (mg dung thuang mai. Buck lien trong tinh to& vi truyan thong vio cuai nhOng atm 1990 vi diu nhung Mtn 2000 da tao ra ky thu(it mpg cam ban the he mai. Cie cam ban mai duqc s6 luqng 16n theo deg nghO MEMS, nanoscale die tao c6 gii thinh electromechanical system (NEMS) vi stir xuat hiUn cac lieu chain li chia khOa cho stir phat trim WSNs. Tha h# tbfr nhit (1980s-1990s) Thib. thfr hai (din nbitng aim 2000) Thi hi thfr ha (cu6i *big nim Iwo Kich thuirc Lan NM han NM Trung !wing Pounds Ounces Vii gram hay it han Kit n trfic node Cam bien r6i roc, x6 15, vi thong tin Cam bien tich hqp, xxl Ur vi th8ng tin Tich hqp day &X, nuic dO cao Giao thirc Chua ce clan chung Chua c6 chain chung Tieu chuin: Wifi, Zigbee, Wimax Can hinb mang Diem-diam, hlnh sao, da duting Client-server, peer-topeer peer-to-peer mire (10 cao Nguan cung cap Pin ion Pin AA C8ng nghe nano hay pin m#t tr6i Wong del Ngity,gi6 hay lau lan Noy, tan Thang ,nam Bang 1.3. Tom frit va so sdnh cac giai down phia triin clia mang cam ban 1.2.3. Cdc thdch they va trd' nggL De WSNs thuc stir tr6 nen rung rai trong cic (mg dung thi can phii vuqt qua mOt s6 trot ngai vi thich thin sau: —Cluic 'ding giai hen, bac, gam ca van de kich thuoc; — Nguan cung cap; —Gia thinh cic node; — It& t6 m8i truing; —Dac tinh kenh truyan; 11 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com