BO GIAO DVC DAO TAO
TRIAING DAI HQC THANG LONG
--o0o-
CHUYEN BE TOT NGHIVI
TRUYEN THONG TIN VA NIIING irNG
D1VNG CUA MANG VANET
GM() vial' huirng din
Sinh vien air hit'n
MA sink vial'
Chuyen nghanh
: ThS. HOANG TRQNG MINH
: NGUYEN VAN CONG
: A14025
: TIN VIEN THONG
HA NO! -version
2013
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MVC LTC
Lta MO tau
1
CHU'ONG 1. TONG QUAN Vt H$ THONG MANG VANET
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1.1. GIOI THIU CHUNG Vt MANG VANET
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1.1.1. KIthi ni0m.
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1.1.2. Tgi sao co hf thong Vanet?
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1.2. NGUYEN TAC CO BAN VA THACH THITC
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1.3. LJCH St' VA SU' PHAT TRIEN CUA VANET
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1.3.1. Tit dA4 den' gifia nhiing nein; 1990
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1.3.2. Tit mkt nhiing nOm 1990 den nay
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1.3.3. Kit quci cia ceic dv an hien tai
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1.4. ICET LUAN
CHID ING 2. TRUYEN THONG TIN TRONG VANET
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2.1. GIQI THEW
2.2. DO LUVING Vf mi
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HIN HANH
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2.2.1. Cam &in trong xe
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2.2.2. Ccic hf that' Ig dinhvi nhtf Li mOt nguiejn thong tin.
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2.3. TRUYEN TAI THONG TIN...
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2.3.1. Ccii thien viec kit not mang
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2.3.2. Truyea tai thong tin
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2.4. TONG HIP CAC PHEP DO
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2.5. TONG H1P D' Lieu DjA LY
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2.6. ICET LUAN
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CHVONG 3. NHONG ONG DUNG CUA VANET
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3.1. GIen TIM
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3.2. HAN CHE
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3.2.1. Khci rang
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3.2.2. Kit not
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3.2.3. Cgnh tranh.
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3.3. (ING DVNG
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3.4. BIEN HOA TRUYEN THONG
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3.4.1. He fixing tip trung khcich chri
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3.4.2. Mo hinh ngcrng haw
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3.4.3. TnOn thong trong VANET
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3.5. XAC SUAT, TAP HQP THEO VUNG
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3.5.1. Phcic thcio FM
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3.5.2. Cc c ban phcir thcio cho kip h9p dir lieu trong VANET
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3.5.3. Phcic than trgng that mem
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3.5.4. Binh thOnh khu vitc ion hon tong h9p
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3.5.5. Nghien csiu zing dim
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3.6. TAP HQP THOI GIAN DI CHUYEN
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3.6.1. nip h9p d4a3 Ira clam mOc
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3.6.2. Danh gici chilt hi9ng thong tin
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3.6.3. Ceti' 4 tnic king h9p ∈ me' c
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3.7. KET LUAN
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TONG KET
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THUAT Nal VIET TAT
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TAI LIEU TRAM 'MAO
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DANH MIJC IliNH ANH, BANG BIEU
Hinh 1.1 Bieu di mink hga cic cinh lbio nguy hiem
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Hinh 1.2 MO hinh tong quan ye clic giii phip VANET
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Wnh 1.3 Vi dy h§ thing the nghi§m tgi Michigan (2008)
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Bing 1.1 I3in di ctia VSC-A eng dgng an town vi kich bin cic vy tai ngn
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dutrc quan tam nhit
Hinh 2.1 frng dieing phi bien dip tren VANET
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Hinh 2.2 Trao diii thong tin ngim
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Hinh 2.3 Tang him tOc (10 alit xe teen mlii phan dogn trong SOTIS
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Hinh 2.4 H§ thing quan sit hru luvng
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Hinh 2.5 Tang kip nhim cic bin ghi CASCADE
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Ifinh 2.6 Cay hi phan
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Ifinh 2.7 Thivi gian di Tour Eiffel den Arc de Triomphe
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Hinh 2.8 M§t mting luid duirng phan clip trail tilting.
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Hinh 3.1 M§t 'lc suit dui kit not vo tuyen
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Hinh 3.2 Phi bien de lieu bing cich se dyng cic chuii vi xe di dOng
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Hinh 3.3 Anh hir&ng cult cic don vi ben ii throng
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Hinh 3.4 Phan phiSi cic thiet bi ngang hing teen mOi phin doin duirng
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Hinh 3.5 The h§ vie how nhit cis tip hip phic thio FM
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Hinh 3.6 wet him phic thio & tiling thii mem
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Hinh 3.7 D§ chinh xic cis tin him & xa
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Hinh 3.8 Ting Nip diem mic
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Hinh 3.9 Thong tin ci sin & cic cip dO khic nbau
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CHUONG 1. Tang quan vi he tilting mang Vanet
Ltla MO DAU
Ngay nay voi xu the ph& trien mph me ve tong nghe thong tin, dien tai van
thong ket hqp v6i sq da clang va phong phd ye phuong tien k3 thuai da tao nen nhung
hinh thai phat trien mai nham phuc vu cho den song con ngu6i. Thong tin lien lac duqc
m6 rung v6i nhitng rinh vqc mai hira hen nhieu sq phat trien. Mang di dung thy bien
trong xe hai cling la mOt rinh vqc dang duqc cac nu6c phat trien nghien ciru va dua
vao sir dung nhi ► dua lei nhfang hieu qui, nhlang diem nhin m6i trong bu6c phat then
cua xe hai. Be c6 the hieu has ve sir ph& trien, nhung buem tien cilia rinh vqc nay tOi
mu6n giai thieu t6ng quan ye nhung khai niem, t6ng quan ve m8 hinh by thong cling
nhu la ntang cong nghe duqc sir ch,mg trong m8 hinh mpg trong mpg di dOng thy
bien cho xe hai (VANET). VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) la mOt (rug dung
mang nhu the. 1)6 11 mOt he thong mpg s(r dung cac giao tiip khOng day phan tan
gift nhieu diem truy c#p Ichic nhau ma khemg can ten bit dr mOt cc; s6 ha ding c6 djnh
lac). Bit cu thiet bj cam tay vii co djnh nio nhu dien thoai di dOng, laptop, may nhin
tin, cac tram v8 tuyen ca so deu c6 the la mOt kenh thong tin trong mang VANET
tao thimh mpg town ciu, rung khip mqi nai. Cic thiet bj nay c6 the tich hqp vao cac
d6i tuqng di chuyen (xe cu, tau thuyen,..) ho#c tl#t co djnh o cac diem khien cho viec
truyen thong ce the dies ra o mqi lfic, mqi nai. M8i phuang den tham gia giao thong
(duqc tich hqp mOt thiet bj c6 khi Wing kit n6i day) lit( thinh mOt nut ciia mpg.
Bao cio bao gam ba chirong:
Chuang 1: Glen thieu chung ve he thong Vanet va cac nguyen tic ca ban va
thich thirc ctla VANET, trinh bay mOt ljch sir ngin gun cac hog dOng cilia VANET.
Chuang 2: M8 to cac phuong phap de ph6 Wen thong tin va t#p Nip trong
VANET can thiet de h8 trq cac img dung hieu qui va tien lqi.
Chuang 3: Duqc xay dqng tree chuang 2 va tip trung vao cac img dung "Meng
an tan" do d6 muc tieu chi yeti la hieu qui va tien lgi.
MOc
lqc nghien ciru de hall thanh chuyen de cim minh, nhung do !den
thirc va th&i gian con hp chi nen trong chuyen de t8i khang tranh kh6i nhfkng thieu
set. Toi rat mong nhon duqc cac d6ng g6p, nh#n xet tir phia flay co va cac ban.
CuOi cling t8i xin chfin thimh cam an sir huong din va taco dieu kien ctla thiy
Holing Trong Minh trong su6t qua trinh t8i lam bito c.ao nay!
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CHUONG 1. Ting quan ver ha th6ng mang Vanet
CHU•ONG 1. TONG QUAN Vt HE THONG MANG VANET
1.1. GIO1 THIEU CHUNG Vt MANG VANET
1.1.1. Khdi niflm
VANET (VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS) li mpg trong da cic xe
(vehicule) se duqc trang bj thiet bj thu/phit, chang se ter thinh cic node nhu trong
mpg ad-hoc. Cic xe se lien lac vai nhau (Car-to-Car Communication), hay M2M
(machine-to-machine communication) de chia se thong tin lin nhau. ThOng tin ye
traffic, ye tinh trang kit xe, thong tin ye tai not giao thong, nguy hiem can trinh...M0
chile xe ding c6 the trb thinh mOt Relay Node
chuyen tii th8ng tin cho xe
khic...VANET sfr chum chuin Wifi 802.11.
a
1.1.2. Tgi sao eó h? thong Vanet?
— Cong nghiap xe ngiy ding phit trier.
—S6 vu tai non giao thong, On tic ngiy tang tang.
—Cic phuang flan thiet bj phut vu cho giao thong chtra tai uu...
1.2. NGUYEN TAC CO BAN VA MACH Marc
Khii niem co bin cda VANET la khang phi= tap: thuc thi tram deg nghe
WLAN dian rang vi khong qui dit, tart li ket n6i giva cic may tinh vii nhau hoot vii
intemet, vi vai nhieu cii lien no duqc ip dung len xe cO. Diu lien, thong to xem x&
den co hOi. Neu cic phuong den c6 the truyen thong tnrc tap vii nhau vi v6i co so ha
Ling, meo hinh hob toin moi cho nheng (mg clang an toin cba phuang den 06 the se
duqc hinh thinh. Thtl hai, nheng thich thac mad da thrqc too ra Uri phuong tian tee do)
cao vi mad trubng tic dOng llrc lan. Thir ba, nheng yeu ciu can phii c6 Ye an loin d6i
yeti cic frog dung mad, bao gim nheng 10 vqng mad cho phin phii gei tin cao vi
dO trg gei tin thip. Han naa, phin (mg mb flint cM khich hang vi su gin sit caa ha
thing giim sit dem lei 10 vqng cao ye an ninh vi sir rieng tut.
Them chi ngiy nay, chiec xe too ra vi phial tick luqng bfm de lieu, mac thl de
lieu nay thubng china trong mOt chi& xe duy nhit. ce VANET, dim nhin (kha
Whig nh$n biet xung quanh) cue cic phuang tian giao thong vi cue lii ACC duqc tang
len ding Ice. Truyen thong VANET c6 the thuc hian true till) gala cic xe nhu Owen
th8ng "mOt buoc", hoot phuang tian ce the truyen lai bin tin, do da cho phdp truyen
thong "da Woe. De tang yang phtl sang hoc dO ben yang cult truyen thong, chuyen
tie') lc ben thrtmg c6 the duqc trien khai. Co so ha tang ben throng clang c6 the duvc sfr
dung nhu mOt deg vio internet vi do da de lieu vi th8ng tin net cinh c6 the duqc
thu thap, luu Ire vi "6 mqi nor, vi du ca so ha ling mang cue coag nghe ditat
town dim may sip tad.
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CHISONG 1. Tang quan ve he thong mung Vanet
N6 dim bao ring mpg lien kit gift cic xe se thfic diy manh me b6i su phong
phi caa cic Ung dung co the dugs kich hoot. Truoc het, cic ting dt,mg an toan chb
dOng, tirc la cic ting dung phong ch6ng tai nun se duqc hiding lqi mOt cich true dip tfr
truyin thong. Thir hai, bang cich thu thilp dtt lieu twig thii giao &Ong ter mOt yang
rung han, luu luqng giao thong c6 the dirge cal thief', thstri gian di chuyin c6 the duqc
giim cling nhtr nheng lchi thii hY cic phuang lien. Nhu n6 di duqc ghi chinh xic nhu
cic nguyen 1 cult he th6ng giao th8ng thong minh (Intelligent Transportation System
World Congress) nam 2008: Tiet kiem th6i gian.
Cic 16p (mg dung "an tan" vi "hien qui" c6 the duqc sfr dung de phan loci cdc
Ung dung dlra tren mix dich chinh cia chimg. Tuy nhien, cic khia can't an toile vi
hieu qui khong the quan niem nhu cic tinh Wing tech r6i hoiln town. R8 tang, tai min
xe c6 the din den tic nghen giao thong. MOt bin tin th8ng bio mOt vu tai non ce the
duqc xem nhu la mOt thong bio an town * diem quan sit caa xe gin d6. Ban tin Wang
tu c6 the duqc nhin cic phuong lien 8 xa han nhu mOt diu veto de tinh toin mOt 10
trinh thay the trong mOt (mg dung hieu qui giao thong.
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Ifinh 1.1 Bilu (IS minh has cdc cdnh bdo nguy hiim
Trong khii niem don giin, thiet ke vi tan khai cic VANET la met luc kq
diy thich thirc ve ky thust va kinh to Mich thirc chinh ve ky thuUt bao g6m cic vin
de sau:
— Cie Sc
il dam c6 ham cda kenh v8 twin dien. Cic kich ban hien nay mia
VANET vbi nhieu die diem khong thu0n lqi cho vies phit trien truyen th8ng
khong diy, vi du: nhieu doi tuqng phin inh co the lam suy giam dO mph vi
chit luqng ctia song tin hieu nhen duqc. Ngoai ra, do tinh di dOns cia cic dii
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CHISONG 1. TOng quan ve hg thong mong Vanet
trung xung quash ho#c chting tv gfri vi tv nkftn, hilt' Ong mb din phii duqc
dua vio sv tinh toin.
don vj phOi bqp. Vilc sir
trung trvc tory& vi
—Thies mOt sv quin
dtmg ding bing vi hilu qui bang thong mkt kenh lchang day li mOt nhilm vp
kh6 khan trong mOt mong ur t6 chrrc vi phan cep hoin toin. Vi$c thieu mOt
thvc the c6 khi Wing ding bO h6a vi quip cic sv ki/n truyen tid cara cic of
khic nhau co the din den sir dung kenh kern hilu qui vi din den s6 hrqng lon
cic vv va ch?m g6i tin.
khi Ring mfr ring, vi sw da ding cast Min kiln
—Mb di ding cao, yen
mdi trnimg. Nheng thich th(rc cia mOt mong tg t6 clac plan cep duqc die
bilt nhin manh den t6c dO cao. Tinh di dOng cao li mOt thich thirc cho cic
thuig toin t6i uu 1#p nhim s6r dung tot ban bang thong kenh hoc sb dung cic
tuyen dutmg duqc dinh nghTa tru6c de chuyen tiep thong tin.
—An ninh vi nhu cis rieng hr vi cfc m6i plan tam. C6 mOt thich thirc ve
can d6i gifts nhu ciu ve bio m#t vi tinh rieng tu. MOt mkit, ben nh(in mu6n
dim bio ring c6 the tin liking ngu6n thong tin. Wit khic, sir tin luting d6 c6
the mau than voi cic yeu ciu rieng to cfia ben gtli.
limb ding. C6 mOt nhu ceu cho truyin thong tieu
—Tien chain boa so
chuin cho phep VANET lim vile qua cic kieu khic nhau vi cic chuin caa
OEM. Tuy nhien, chic chin ring OEM se mu6n too ra vii sv kbic hilt v6i
cling nghl VANET. Nhung raw tieu niy li c6 ye se khi kh6 khan.
Mich thfrc chink ye mat klub ti xi
—Phan tich vi xic dish &Nov cic lqi ich cult VANET cho an toils giao thong
vi hien qua vin tii. Cho den nay, rit it vile da duqc thvc hi¢n de dinh gia
tic dung c6a VANET nhu mOt ngu6n thong tin ve hinh vi lii xe. Re ring,
nhung thich thirc lien quan trong vile giii quyet vin de dinh gii tic ding li
m8 hinh c6a cic khia conh lien quan den yeti t6 con ngutri.
—Phan tich vi xic dinh thrqc dic m6i (plan he chi phi - lqi lick adia VANET.
Do thieu cic nghien ciru ye lqi ich c6a VANET, v#y plan tich chi phi - lqi ich
kh6 ce the duqc thvc hiOn. Chien luqc trien khai thiet ke cho load hinh
VANET li kitting dra tren mOt cc s6 141 tong hoc mOt nhtt cung cop dich vp
nio. Vile thiet bj VANET ce dirge hay kh8ng con phv thuOc vio cic d6i tic
truyen thong, cic hi thong mong hiln thOi c6 the h8 trq duqc hay khOng.
—Nhing VANET trong kJ& trac hi thong giao thing thing minh. VANET
0 la mOt phlin cua mOt hi thong giao thong thong minh noi mi Wing yes t6
khic duqc sinh ra boi diet' khien den giao thong hay cic cic load bin tin bio
4
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CHUt5NG 1. TOng quan ve he thong mpg Vanet
hieu khic nhau. COng nhu vay, giao thong ci nhan vi Ong cling phii duac
nim trong tii khoin trong mOt kiln cich chung. Bei vay, he thing hqp tic Nit
sir cin duqc phit triin.
Nhu co the thiy tfr danh sich 6 tan etc ring (twig, ky thuat vi vie khia cunh kink
to xi hOi, linh Arc (mg dung xe vi cic Ong nghe lien mpg dua tren ding nghe tren
mOt no lirc lien nginh trong truyin thong vi mang, thiet bj dien ter tong xe, quin vi
van hinh throng b0, cling cep cic th8ng tin vi dick vv. Do de VANET ce the duqc
xem nhu li mOt phin quan tong cia he thing giao th8ng dieing minh (Intelligent
Transportation Systems) (ITS).
Trong 'chi nhiiu du in khic nhau da thio luan chi& luqc tan lchai oho VANET,
cic nghien c(ru chi yeti giii quyit nhitng thich thee ky thuat. Hien nay, mOt sir thay
dii to rich dip can "ter dm% led" co dien Bing cich tap can "te tren xuong" Ly tueng
nhit, ci hai phuang phip tiip can cutii ring se gap nhau• nhang gi duqc goi li mOt
yeu ciu cho viec tan khai mang lui lqi ich co the duqc hi trq bOi nhing tier b0 cong
nghe.
1.3. LOCH sir VA skr PHAT MIEN CUA VANET
Lich sir cea viec sir dung song v8 tuyin vi hing ngoai cho truyin thong gifts xe
vei xe vi xe vei ben dueng gin lien vei sir phit trim ctia 14 thing giao thong th8ng
minh. Nhu them khio trong Shladover vi tong Lasky vi Ravani, cic khii niem ca
ban oda tu dung Ma dueng b0 nhu viec se dung the ky thuat truyin %Ong vi dieu
Ichien di giao thong duting b0 an tan, hieu qui vi than thien vei mOi truing.
Sau de, vac cam' nheng am 1960, he thing tu dOng hes dating b0 dva tren song
v8 tuyin duqc phit triin vi cheng minh Ki hY do, co rat nhiiu de lieu dugs quan sit:
Chi di chinh li an tan, hieu qui vi than thien voi mOi trubng, tong tam lien tuc
thay doi theo thin gian. Vi du, trong thei gian diu he thing hueng din tuyin dueng da
duqc dieu tra. Sau do, he thing thu phi, nghien ciru lii xe tu dOng tre nen ph6 ban.
Nghien ciru vi phit trier o khu vuc khic nhau, chi yiu 6 my, Nhat Bin, vi Chau Au,
mi can o cic nai khic tren the giOi cing co anh huong. l>e tii de duqc dinh diu bei
sir tap trong 'chic nhau cia 8 t8 vi cic cling ding giao thong van tii.
MOt chi di nhit quin theo thei gian li "ngan sich - ai se tri phi?". MOt mat,
nginh cong nghiep 8 to vi dien ter nghi ng6 cic ca se hu tang dog rung cho he thing
dueng cao tic thong minh (Intelligent Vehicle - Highway Systems) (IVHS) se khong
bao gib thich hien thuc. Mat khic, cic dan vi chi quin dueng cao tic nghi nge lieu
tong nghe IVHS se cung cep giii phip thuc ti cho cic vin di dueng cao tic thqc sir.
Trong phin du& day, se di cap din cic hoot dung buec tien quan tang lien quan
din VANET.
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CHISONG 1. Ting quan ve hg th6ng mane Vanet
1.3.1. TIr &iu din giea nhihog nano 1990
O My, mot ho
thing hutmg din &Ong dien to (Electronic Route-Guidance
System) (ERGS) d8 duqc de xuit trong Rosen: "He thing djnh hutmg diem den. Ngutri
dieu khien xe nhap vito mOt mA, dal dien cho dja chi dich c0a minh vao thiit bj xe. Sau
d6 khi phuang tien tien den mil diem giao ma dich duqc chuyin den atic tram ben
dtrong tai de n6 duqc giai ma, theo mOt chtrong trinh ltru tat, va mOt chi din dinh
tuyen duqc truyen lai cho chiec xe."
He thing truyen thong sbr dung tin só 170 kHz clOng Ang-ten yang duqc lip d*t
tai nut giao %Ong va gin vao phia sau caa xe. Tic dO truyin catlieu bao cao la 2000
bit/gialy. Nhung nhang n8 luc ERGS bj chim dirt do cac ca so hu tang ben duong dit
tien.
Tai Nh.t Ban, he thing dieu lchien giao thong 8 te tan dien (CACS) duqc thuc
hien 1973-1979 do ca quan deg nghiep Khoa hac va C8ng nghe dui BO Thucmg mai
va C8ng nghiep Quic ti (MITI). Muc lieu cua CACS duqc trinh bay trong Kawashima
vin con hien luc sau han 30 Min:
—Giant un tic giao thong dubng Xi;
—Giam khi thai gay ra bbd su tic nghen giao thong;
—Phong ngta tai non;
—Nang cao vai fro cling ding va xa hOi cila 8 t6.
Be flat duqc muc lieu nay, bin muc tieu thuat di duqc de ra:
— Huang din lai xe di then cac tuyin chgmg thich hqp nhit de tranh On tic va 8
nhiim khOng khi;
— Cung cep th8ng tin lieu ich de hi trq lai xe an town;
—Uu tien cac xe ding cling hotic truing hap khan cep;
—Cung cap thong tin kip thin cho ngutri lai trong throng hqp khin cap.
Cac du an CACS ding duqc thuc hien thi diem vei 98 thin bi ben dtrong A. 330
xe tht? nghiem (Nakahara vi Yumoto). Dii vai truyen thong ben throng thi xe, cac tram
ben dubng str dung Ang ten Ong con cac phucmg tien giao thong sa dung Ang-ten 101
cho tic dO truyen tai ctia bao cao la 4.8 kbps.
Tai chat' Au, de an Prometheus (chuang trinh giao &Mg chAu Au vai gia cao
nhit chua mang lui hien qua vi an tan) ichoi xutmg vao nom 1986 va ra mit nom
1988 c6 * nghlit kich thick host ding nghien dru va phat tan trong rah vuc deg
nghe th6ng tin va twin th8ng di dung cho xe c6 ding ca va nhang con duOng.
Prometheus di drat hi trq boi 19 quic gia chau Au vb. cac Oy ban cling ding Chau
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CHYONG 1. Ten quan ye he thOng mpg Vanet
Au (Walker nam 1992; Williams 1988). Nhu vi du neu trong Gillan, Prometheus di
duqc t6 chi= tai cac he thong khhc nhau, bao g6m:
— PRO-CAR: lai xe
trq bb i he thong dien tb;
— PRO-NET: truyen thong gitta xe yeti xe;
— PRO-ROAD: truyen thong gifts xe va m8i trutmg.
Trong Prometheus, truyin th8ng gitta xe va xe (long met vai Ire n6i b#1: bao cao
cat' Dabbous va Huitema vin c6 the duqc chu Sr cep nh#t trong nhieu khia canh.
Dabbous va Huitema phan Lich cac yeu ciu truyen thong Ara tren ldch ban dien hhih, vi
du cho chin ttp that' &Si lin &Ong. Gii sfr mOt chain luqc quing ba dinh kjr va you ciu
dO chinh xAc khoing cach va chum, ho chi ra ring met danh gin th#n tong t6c de truyin
ban tin tang thai cda mii xe se djnh ki gfri 20 phien truyen tren mil giay ciut m6i
Dabbous va Huitema cang cho thiy cac neu gam di you clu ve de chink xlic khoang
cach va chum va gioi thieu cac phuang phap du dam 05 the lam Ohm ding ke s6 lin
you ceu truyen tai. DA duqc tip trung tren clic he thong hog ding 6 bang tin 60 GHz.
Su quan tam trong truyin thong gifts xe v6i xe tilp top 6 Nh#t Bin va my. cuoc
khao sit trong Kawashima trich din hai bin bio cao thu#t cis JSK hiep hOi cling
nghe dien tfr cho lai xe va 8 to (Association of Electronic Technology for Automobile
Traffic and Driving) duqc xuit ban Nilo nam 1986 va 1988, Wong Ong, lc& qua thil
nghiem truyen th8ng gitta xe vai xe. 6 My, nhu duqc nett trong Shladover, mOt trinh
dieu khien chinh xuit hien de to ding lai xe va nhieu phuong den. Trong Sachs va
Varaiya, cac you cau va thong se ky thuit de truyin th8ng giita xe v6i xe vi gitta xe
yeti thiet bi ben diking de cho xe to gong duqc trinh biy. Tong kit du in hoot gag
cha thtri ki nay tai My, Chau Au, va NIgit Ban cling nhu nhin ve twang lai doi vai he
thong throng truyen cao tec th8ng minh (Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems) &gm
dua ra beri Jurgen.
1.3.2. Tw min nhang nans 1990 din nay
Nth sau cha nhiang nam 1990 la cet mec quan tong ghi lai met su thay doi 16n.
Kit qua An ttrong ye trinh dieu khien hqp tic dOc 1#p duqc chimg minh tai San Diego,
bin gioi thieu cOa cac dei tac California cho nang cao vfn tIi va doting cao tec
(Advanced Transit and Highways) (PATH) vho nam 1997, giai dap 2 giai thieu ye
nang cao tinh an town phucmg den (Advanced Safety Vehicle) (ASV) vho Mtn 2000 tai
thanh phi Tsukuba, Nh#t Bin, va trong du in PROMOTE CHAUFFEUR European.
TOp trung sau de chuyen tfr lai xe kit hop to quan sang he thong trq trinh dieu
khien hqp tic. Ti My cac sang kill phucmg tien thong minh (Intelligent Vehicle
Initiative) (NI) trong nhiang atm 1998-2005 (Hartman va Strasser ) t#p trung vao an
tohn hieu qui hqp tac. Tai chau Au, cac du in CarTalk vi FleetNet cba Franz nghien
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CHUONG 1. Tong quan ye he thong mong Vanet
ciru ding nghe va cac (mg dung he trq hqp tic Idi xe. T31 NhUt Ban, giai don 3 caa dg
an tiring cep an tan phuang lien cling th6a then vai tr6 cult truyin thong lien phucmg
tien de he trq hqp tic lai xe.
Sq thay del tin 96: 5.9 GHz DSRC
IChai niem ve VANET di bi inh huong bei nhtIng lien b0 trong Ong nghe va tieu
chuitt hea ke tfr gitta nhting nam 1990. Nim 1999 la mOt "sir thay dei tan se" xay ra khi
1:Jy ban Truyin thong lien bang my phis be bang thong 75 MHz cua did 5,9 GHz cho
truyin thong tam ngin chuyen dung (Dedicated Short-Range Communication)
(DSRC).Thuet net truyin th8ng tam ngin chuyen dung (Dedicated Short-Range
Communication) di duqc sir dung nhu mOt tht4t net tuang 14p ve Ong nghe cho =yen
thong khong day tam ngin gifts cac xe va ca s8 ho ting.
MOt rim sau, ASTM International thinh lep met nh6m lam viec de ghat trien cac
yeu caw ve tieu chum DSRC tuang (mg. Trong nim 2001, Uy ban tieu chuin 17.51
cut ASTM chcm IEEE 802.11a la c8ng nghe v8 tuyen nen tang cho DSRC. Cac lieu
chitin Wang ting di duqc dua ra trong nam 2002 vi sM di vac nam 2003 (ASTM
E2213-03 2003). Cac ap lqc phai sir dung kenh duqc giao va tinh kha thi ¢ua cac deg
nghe Ara chuin IEEE 802.11a thi lam tang ding ke cac hoot dung nghien cuu va phat
tan. DUc biet, cling deng mong di dOng quan tam den chili de caa ming luoi xe di
duqc hei sink. Nim 2004, IEEE bit ttiu deg viec stla 661802.11p va tieu chuin truy
cUp lchong day trong m8i tramg xe CO (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments)
(WAVE) dqa tren cac lieu chitin ASTM (Jiang va Delgrossi). Dir an truyin thong an
town phucmg On (Vehicle Safety Communications) (VSC) duqc he trq ben to ch(rc do
luting an town va ch?m (Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership) (CAMP), cuc quan trj
duting cao tec lien bang My (US Federal Highway Administration) (FHWA), va ban
quart ly an town giao th8ng dtrong bO My (US National Highway D•ajjic Safety
Administration) (NHTSA) khao sat ccIng nghe DSRC 5.9 GHz dang n6i trong nhUng
clura tren chuin IFFF,
nam 2002 den flint 2004 va ket luin ring phuang phalp dip
802.11a se c6 the M trq hiu hit cac (mg dung an town ma VSC di chcm. Cac bao cao
cu6i cling mkt VSC (VSC 2006), cOng dun ra met ckh rO rang nhttng thach &tic cna
truyen th8ng c6 dO trg thep vi if& sin sing cao colt cac kenh vo tuyen cling nhu cac
yin de lien quan den Icha fling caa kenh nei chung. Nam 2004, HOi thao qu6c to ACM
diu lien ve mong xe CO bit djnh (Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks) di din ra
Philadelphia, sau de thuUt net "VANET" di duqc det ra.
Cac dy in Mtn tai vi host dung
Trong phin nay, di cep mOt cai nhin teng quan kh8ng day du ye cac dir an
VANET dang dign ra va cac hoot dung 6 chau Au, Nht Ban, va Hoa Ky. Met cal nhin
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CHISONG 1. 'fling quan ve he thong mung Vanet
t6ng quan cho they mirc dO hoot dung cao trong linh vvc nghien cuu vi phit tan
VANET vi de chirng minh li cic deg nghe truyin thong khong day duqc bio dim li
ca so cua lieu het cic hout Ong cila VANET tren toin the gioi (hinh 1.2).
Trong chuang trinh khung se 6 cua EU, ben dv in duqc bit dau trong cic linh
Arc ce lien quan den VANET: COOPERS, CVIS, PReVENT, vi SAFESPOT. Dv in
he thong hqp tic cho an toil) duOng b0 th8ng minh (Intelligent Road Safety)
(COOPERS, 2006-10) t#p trung vio img dung vin thong tien tier cho quin hqp tic
giao th8ng. Tir gee go truyin thong, th8ng tin ch6 yeu lit truyin thong gitta xe vi cic
from ben throng vi s>3r dung lieu chain CALM nhu giao dien truyin thong hung ngoui
CALM. CALM li ISO TC 204 (ITS) Working Group 16 (Communication) trong "giao
dien kheong day lien tic cho khoing cich tittnmg binh den". CALM nham muc dich
trq truyin th8ng lien tic cho xe bang cich sfr dung cic phuang tien truyen thong
khic nhau vi cic giao dien truyen th8ng. Cic dv in he thong co ser hit tang phuang
tien hqp tic (Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems) (CVIS, 2006-10) di tip
trung vio phit trier vi th(r nghiem trivet' thOng cfia phuang tien vol ca s8 hu tang vi
theo lieu chat' CALM. CVIS lam cho vies sir dung WAVE WEE 802.11 c6 lien quan
giao dien duqc hieu lii giao dien M5 (d6i voi "Microwave 5 GHz) trong khuen kh6
CALM. Dv in SAFESPOT (2006-10) nhim muc dich thiet ke hu thong hqp tic xi cho
an tan &gong bto dva truyen th8ng gitta xe Wei xe vi xe vOi ca sO hu tang. Cic deg
nghe truyin th8ng duqc s>Sr dung trong dv an SAFESPOT li IEEE 802.11a/p. Dv in
PReVENT (2006-08) giii guy& phit tan cic Ong dung an toin dv plitong vi c8ng
nghe trong dv an PReVENT tick hqp, cic dv in nho WILLWARN (Wireless Local
Danger Warning) t#p tning vio cic cho de call truyin th8ng gift xe v6ri xe vi gitta xe
yeti ca so hu tang. He thong WILLWARN dva tren IEEE 802.11a/p vi di sir dung nen
tang truyin thong phit trien b Dirc do; in Network on Wheels (NOW). Ngoii ra, dv in
Secure Vehicular Communication (SeVeCom, 2006 din nem 2008) di duqc dinh
rieng de xic djnh cic mei de do vi quy djnh cu the phuang phip vi Icien trac de dam
bio truyen thong xe Icheng day.
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CHIANG 1. Toting quan ve 4 thOng mpg Vanet
Hinh 1.2 MS hinh tong quan 4 cdc gitii phdp VANET
Hien nay, theo chucmg trinh 7 khung, huang ten cac thtl nghiem rinh voc duqc tai
trqi, dac biet 11 do in PRE-DRIVE-C2X dang chitin 1)1 xay dung cac kh8i an that
cho thir nghiem thimh c8ng hoot dung cua VANET a chAu Au.
a
TO Nhat Bin, mOt tieu chwin
xe ca tilt truyin thong voi co at ha tang da
duqc c8ng biS Mtn 2001 vi goi la "Dedicated Short-Range Communication System"
(ARIB 001). He thong hoot dung 0 an s6 5,8 GHz, duqc doa tren da truy nhap phin
chia theo thbi gian (TDMA) vi trong phom vi 30m. Moc Bich chinh cua he thOng la stt
cb,mg trong vier thu phi dies fil nhtmg da duqc tan khai de h8 trq cho cac dich vo
'chic (ARIB 2004). Trong nam 2008, tren 20 trieu don vi bo mach din ter da duqc
trian khai.
Ti Nhat Bin, dim tren so thanh c8ng tren he thteg DSRC 5.8 GHz vi truyan
thong tren cac xe dtra tren ha tin hang ngooi, nhiau do an vi clic hoot Ong ITS hien
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CHUONG 1. Tang quan ve he thong mong Vanet
dang tham gia de chimg minh %/a tang cuing phuang tier, cot sa ha ting va truyen
thong xe vii xe duai sang hen an town ITS 2010 Oa NI* Bin. An town xe nang cao
sang kien, trong giai down 4, dang giai quyet xe, truyen th8ng xe bang each tray c#p
vao mOt met he thong da nhiem (CSMA) dim tren phin ma ring eta ARIB STD T-75.
Cruise - ha trq sang kit!' he thong duang cao t6c duqc xay dung tren he thong 5.8
GHz DSRC cling nhu he thong hi trq lei xe an town (DSSS) cling sir dung cOng nghe
hang ngooi truyen thong cho xe ben 11 throng. Cac hoot ding Smartway tap Ming vao
cac djch vu ITS va mOt nen tang djch vu thong thuang duqc cung cip tren diu trang
cat' cac mang hi& hien ca. Trong thing 6 am 2007, n6 di duqc deg b6 kenh 10
MHz trong cac kenh tin s6 700 MHz se duqc phan b6 cho truyen thong lien quan den
an tan lien xe toi NI* Ban vim am 2012.
CO mOt s6 do an deg nghiep chinh phi 6 MI duqc thrc hien vi duqc (Lang tren
bao. Hai trong s6 nhung do an de duqc m8 tit 6 duai day. Lin diu tien Vehicle
Infrastructure Integration (VII) duqc di ten thanh IntelliDrive, gin day met y tuang
Ian dit duqc ch(rng minh. Thir hai la do an ang dung truyen thong an town phuang tien
do kien se duqc kit thic vao cu6i am 2009. Ca hai du an tren d uqc sv tai trq ctla 130
giao thong Hoa KI vi mOt s6 nha san xuit 8 to va nhi cung cep.
a
Ngoii ra, hai do an khitc xirng clang duqc Op ngin
mOt chr an dang din
ra he thong an tan duqc tich hqp tren phuang lien lcham phi cac vim de giao dien
ngutri-may vi mOt s6 img dung an town, vii khuyen cao ce khi Wing chang cheo hoc
miu thuin, duqc xiy ra ding thai (Doi hoc giao thong vin di Michigan). Dv an tha
hai li Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systemproject gam co ba thanh
phin (McHale). Dv an canh bao vi phom 6 Michigan, do an Stop Sign Assist 6
Minnesota vi do an Signalized Left Turn Assist 6 California. Kid xe duqc trang bj
CICAS-V den gin mOt ngit tu, cac phuang tien nhon duqc tin hieu vi *Ong tin thai
gian tit tin hieu den giao nhau (DSRC). MoSi chi& xe sau da se do down kha Wing ring
n6 dang 6 NI tri c6 den do, vi neu thich hqp, cash bao trinh dieu Ichien (Maile). Dv an
nay di duqc len Ice hooch dill nghiem vii trinh diet' khien don gian (Maile).
1.3.3. Kit qua can ak dr tin hifn tqi
a. TYch kw co sd• hg ling (Vehicle Infrastructure Integration)
Trong ram 2005 130 giao thong van tai Hoa KI bit din di* nghiem met Meng
mai. Da s6 cac m8i twang that nghiem nay duqc thtrc hien 6 cac yang ngooi 8 phia tay
bic cia Detroit, MI. He thong bao gam 55 tram thiet bj trong yang 116.55km2 vi si
dung 27 chi& xe.
C6 bay ung dung duqc phat Wen vi tha nghiem:
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CIRIONG 1. Tong quan ve he thong mpg Vanet
—Bio hieu trong xe (In Vehicle Signage): RSE lien tic hien thj ra cac bin tin
thong bio ben trong phucmg lien giao thong;
sir dft ligu ve vi tri
— Thu thop de lieu them do: Phuung tier di lei cung cap
cua hciltieu bang vi chia se yeti RSE, me sau da n6 duqc bien soon vi phin tich;
— Thanh toin dies to - thu phi;
—Thanh totin dien to - bai d8 xe;
—Thong tin ngutri di chuyen/bang bit dinh huong;
—Thong tin dinh ki (Heartbeat): RSE thu thep thong bio tang this dinh kjr (vi
di nhu 100 msec) t r cac phuung tien bao gem ci tic dO xe vi vj tri;
—Hien thj tin hieu giao thong: quing be tang thid den giao thong.
kilmtre kite& an tole
Tramphoenkitip,
Nastier& tedsnyia
Zhu vw
the
rung
twin bee
thuilouthies
oetwais
tro blyiniii
cgaintied4,einbang
&heath co p1ia talc
Hinh 1.3 Vi du
he tang thik nghiem tgi Michigan (2008)
MOt s6 kit qui quan tong dtrqc rut ra nhu sau:
— Ti le 18i gei tin la mot chic Wing mph me caa tom nhin thing. Khi elm nhin
thing dtrqc duy tri, ti le 18i g6i tin yin 6 mac thip them chi 6 khoing each
100m. Khi tom nhin thing bj mit, ti le lai tang len nhanh chOng.
— IPv6 yen hail tot.
— Chi phi cho may thu GPS thip nhung dtrqc s* dung trong cac POC, !thong se
cung cap cho phan lueng mac dO chinh xic.
— Ma h6a goi tin tfr diu cuoi den diu cuSi thanh cong.
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CHIrONG 1. T6ng quan ye h'e' &Ong mang Vanet
—Ung dung thong tin dinh Id lim viec tit cho phucmg tien trong khoing 100 m
cua RSE (lily thuc vio tim quan sat thing)
— He thing an ninh da duqc hien thi de 1km viec, nhung chua chic chin. Ngoii
To, kiem tra quy m6 chua duqc thuc hien.
—Quin 1S, tai nguyen elk mpg truyin thong cho cac img dung chgy deg thbi
phirc top hun du kien.
—Cii dot, ciu hinh va duy tri RSE philc top hon va kh6 khan hon du kiln.
Khi giai dogn nay mkt chuong trinh 7 khung kit thfic, BO ngo3i giao giao thong
v#n tai Hoa KS/ di thay vi tri vi di ten the chuong trinh 7 khung (Row). Ten mai
cita no la IntelliDrive. NO se nhin monh c8ng nghe khemg day trong cic dich vu ve
i'mg dgng an Win. Trich din "The Future of VII" (Row):
Chuong trinh maxi trong tuong lai tip hung nghien ciru cic hoot dOng trong
nfring yang nhu sau:
—Cong nghe quit inh vi nhOn ding vi met s6 cac ceong nghe dem wing khac.
Nghien ciru, trinh chin, vi danh gia cac cong nghe cac ling dung an town da
kich hogt.
— Sr thiet Ittp cila cac nen thil nghiem de h6 trq cac dui nghiem vi cluing minh
cho veng stir dung chung vi rieng.
—Su phat Wen cult Iden trim vi lieu chuin di me, ra nen tang cho truyen thong
khong day di vi den phuang den.
—Nghien cint ye van de phi k9 thu#t nhu trich nhiem phip ly, tinh bio m#t
thong tin vi (mg chnig elk quy dinh.
—Nghien cuu tren cac lqi ich phu thuec t6i tinh di ding va m8i truemg.
Buck diu, du an Safe Trip-21 dua ra nam 2008 vi di thanh 16p cac trang web
Connected Traveler lam tra kit n6i et California. Safe Trip-21 duqc thiet Ice de cai
thien an town giao thong vi gikm iln tic bing cach xic dinh vi khai thic cong nghe
hien co vi thich img cho cac nhu ciu giao thong v#n tai, vi g chimg minh ring nhing
lien bO ding ke trong viec giai quyet yin de giao thong kheing co yen citu du to ca s6
hg ting lon. (SafeTrip-21 nam 2008).
b. ling dong trayin thong an tint
l'ing dung truyen thong an Willi xe (Vehicle Safety CommunicationsApplications) (VSC-A) la du an gita nam nhi sin =it 8 to (Daimler/Mercedes-Benz,
Ford, GM, Honda vi Toyota) vi BO giao thong v#n tii Hoa trong ba nam. Day la
du in truyen thong diu lien de theo dii an totin cho xe (2002-2004), vi tip trong vio
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CHUtiNG 1. TOng quan ve h4 thong mong Vanet
cic phuung tien truyen th8ng va dinh vi Wang dpi v6i muc tieu to dieu kien cho cac
(mg dung an Wan tuang thich (Ahmed Zaid).
Do in VSC da xac dinh tam kich ban caa cic vu tai non "bang xep hung top
composite", doa ten th6ng ke cua chinh ph6 Hoa Kp ve tin s6 vu tai non, chi phi, va
cic khoan 16 trong cac nam hoot dOng. Tren co s6 nay, VSC Qua ra bay Ong dung an
town de giai quyet nhung tinh huing tai non. Nhing Ong dung (Maile):
M t di 'u lchi ma khong c6
phuang tien uu tien hoot
dOng
Dieu khi&n phuang tien duqc
dung lai
Cic phuang tien theo huOng
ket not lcheng danh tin hieu
Xe cO lai au, di ngtrqc chi&
Dieu khien xe giam toc dO
X
x
x
x
x
x
Phuang tien khong la tic
X
nhan (di nguqc chieu)
Cac phuang tien thay d6i lan
x
x
du6ng clang mOt huOng
LTAP/OD toi cac nut giao
x
thong khong c6 den tin hieu.
Bang 1.1 Ban do mkt VSC-A img dung an toan va kich ban cac via tai nap, dtryc quan
tam nal
— Den bao phanh Ichin cip (Emergency Electronic Brake Lights) (EEBL): canh
&to ye xe phanh dOt ngOt 6 phia tru6c.
— Canh bao dung dO phia tram (Forward Collision Warning) (FCW): earth bao
xe phia sau sip va chom vao xe phia tru6c.
— Cinh bao diem mu (Blind Spot Warning) (BSW)/Canh bao chuyen lan (Lane
Change Warning) (LCW): canh bao cho xe biet c6 xe lchac dang di clang
huOng mu6n thay d6i lan duting ma nim trong diem mu. Sau d6 khuyen cao
cho dt ca cac xe nao dang n&m trong diem mu.
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CHUONG 1. Tang quan ve hg thing mpg Vanet
— H8 trq di chuyin qua giao 10 (Intersection Movement Assist) (IMA): canh bao
khi d6 khong phiti la thtii diem an town de vao xa 10.
—Canh btio khong vuqt qua (Do Not Pass Warning) (DNPW): canh bit° khi
chiec xe sip va cham va yeu ciu they d6i lan dutmg neu c8 the.
— Ciuth bao met kiem sofit (Control Loss Warning) (CLW): Ttr tito ra canh bao khi xe
met kiem sat. Cac xe Ichic se duqc doh bao phu thuOc vao moi de Oa.
Trong filth vrc truyin thong, tip trong vao (Caminiti 2009):
— Thong di0p thanh
—Nang luqng tit* nghi0m.
— Th8ng di0p ph6 Wen.
— Hoot Ong da kenh.
—Ph6i hqp va xac nhin tieu chuin.
Nhi0m vu thong diep thanh phin di xtic djnh mOt thong di0p bao an total car ban
trq tit ca cac ling dung an town (Caminiti). CEng vi0c nay anh hutmg manh me gin
nhu hoan thank cac cuOc dam phan ve nh6m lam vi0c SAE J2735. Tieu chuin/ de nghj
cuei cling duqc dua ra vao cuei nem 2009.
CEng viec dul nghiem nang luqng kham phi Ong suit cao (> 20dBm) lam tang
hi0u suit ling dung an tan, vi nang luqng thip (<20 dBm) chi ra dieu then tic
nghen. So sanh tS7 18i g6i (PER) xung quanh mOt "ngit to khip kin" 'thong c6 tim
nhin thing, chr an di the hiOn duqc pham vi truyin thong hiOn tai hon giam 18i ding ke
stI dung truyen tai dies nang 33 dBm (tren danh nghia 20 dBm) (Caminiti). Dieu nay
cung cep mOt dating di thu vi cho khan' phi, dic bi0t IA trong nhttng thach thirc dot ra
boi cac thong tin truyen th8ng tim nhin thing duqc bao cao trong biva bao cao VIIC
(Kandarpa).
Cac ban tin ph6 tan se dieu tra vi0c sal dung c8ng suit, hic d), va dieu khien
Ichfic de giam thieu sq tic nghen mpg va cal thien viec chuyen ban tin chi thien
(Caminiti). Kit qua cuei cung di khong duqc tiet 10 tai thtri diem viet bai nay. Tuy
nhien, kit qui c6 ngay sau khi holm thanh du an VSC-A tong thing 11 nam 2009.
VSC-A da tich cuc tham gia cac tieu chuin Ichac nhau DSRC, bao gtan IEEE 802.11p,
IEEE 1609, va SAE J2735 (Caminiti).
Ngotli ra, VSC-A c6 mOt nhiim vu tip trong vao sq an town cita ban tin eta xe
vai xe. Tranh phtua cling bit° mit chuyen dung. Dq an la &nit gia thuit than dubng
cong elliptic chid 14 se (ECDSA) (Accredited Standards Committee), Ain d?ng ten
thit tang the theo luttng thoi gian (Timed Efficient Stream Loss-Tolerant
Authentication) (TESLA) (Perrig), va mOt phien ban situ di.
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CHUONG 1. TOng quan ve h'0 thin mpg Vanet
1.4. 'CET LU*14
Trong chuang nay, tea di trinh bay lchai quit ljch sir hinh thAnh va phat trien mia
VANET, nhung nguyen tic co ban vA thach thirc ctia mpg VANET.
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