Tài liệu Giáo trình tiếng hoa

1.01 Pronouns 我 Wǒ I 我 Tā He 我 Nǐ You 我 Nín You (respected) 我 Tā It 我 Tā She 我们 我们 我们 Wǒmen Nǐmen Tāmen You all They We 1.02 Pronouns and the verb "to be" 我我 我我 我我 Nín shì Wǒ shì Nǐ shì You are I am You are (respected) 我我 我我 我我 Tā shì Tā shì Tā shì He is She is It is 我们们 我们们 我们们 Nǐmen shì Wǒmen shì Tāmen shì You all We are They 1.03 Pronouns, the verb "to be", and the noun complement "student" I am a student. 我我我我我Wǒ shì xuésheng. You are a student. 我我我我我Nǐ shì xuésheng. You (respected) are a student. 我我我我我Nín shì xuésheng. He is a student. 我我我我我Tā shì xuésheng. She is a student. 我我我我我Tā shì xuésheng. We are students. 我们们们们们Wǒmen shì xuésheng. You all are students. 我们们们们们Nǐmen shì xuésheng. They are students. 我们们们们们Tāmen shì xuésheng. 1.04 Pronouns, the verb "to be", and the noun complement "teacher" and "business person". I am a teacher. 我我我们们 Wǒ shì lǎoshī. You are a business person. 我我我我我 Nǐ shì shāngrén. You (respected) are a teacher. 我我我们们 Nín shì lǎoshī. He is a business person. 我我我我我 Tā shì shāngrén. She is a teacher. 我我我们们 Tā shì lǎoshī. 我们们们们们 Wǒmen shì shāngrén. We are business people. You all are teachers. 我们们们们们 Nǐmen shì lǎoshī. 1 They are business people. 我们们们们们 Tāmen shì shāngrén. 1.05 Pronouns, the verb "to be", and the noun complements "man" and "woman" You are a man. 我我我我我Nǐ shì nánrén. You are a woman. 我我我我我Nǐ shì nǚrén. He is a man. 我我我我我 Tā shì nánrén. She is a woman. 我我我我我 Tā shì nǚrén. They are men. 我们们们们们Tāmen shì nánrén. They are women. 我们们们们们Tāmen shì nǚrén. 1.06 You cheeky monkey! 我... You... Nǐ... 我我... You are... Nǐ shì... 我我我们们! You are a blockhead! Nǐ shì mùtóurén! In this first lesson we will learn the pronouns, the verb "to be", and the occupations "student", "teacher", and "businessperson". After all, aren't we a little bit of all three? The simple sentence pattern of pronoun + be + complement is a a quick and easy way to convey information about people - "He is an American", "They are students", "She is my coworker" etc. Once you get in the basic form, it's simply a matter of plugging in additional vocabulary (which we will do in later lessons). 1.01 Pronouns 我 Wǒ I 我 Tā He 我 Nǐ You 我 Nín You (respected) 我 Tā It 我 Tā She 我们 我们 我们 Wǒmen Nǐmen Tāmen You all They We Notes: He and she have the same pronunciation in Mandarin, tā; in the written language they are differentiated by their characters, 我 for he and 我 for she. To make the plural of any pronoun just add 们 men to the singular form of the pronoun. Please note that the distinction between plural and singular is not quite as important in Chinese, often the plural will simply be implied by the context. 1.02 Pronouns and the verb "to be" 2 我我 Nín shì You are (respected) 我我 我我 我我 Tā shì Tā shì Tā shì He is She is It is 我们们 我们们 我们们 Nǐmen shì Wǒmen shì Tāmen shì 我我 Wǒ shì I am 我我 Nǐ shì You are You all We are They Notes: The verb to be 我 shì does not decline, that is to say that its form stays the same no matter who is performing the action. Compared to the English "I am", "You are", "He is", it is actually much easier, right? Also, please be aware that there are no spaces between the words in a Chinese sentence! 1.03 Pronouns, the verb "to be", and the noun complement "student" I am a student. 我我我我我Wǒ shì xuésheng. You are a student. 我我我我我Nǐ shì xuésheng. You (respected) are a student. 我我我我我Nín shì xuésheng. He is a student. 我我我我我Tā shì xuésheng. She is a student. 我我我我我Tā shì xuésheng. We are students. 我们们们们们Wǒmen shì xuésheng. You all are students. 我们们们们们Nǐmen shì xuésheng. They are students. 我们们们们们Tāmen shì xuésheng. Notes: Nouns in Mandarin Chinese usually have a single form that is used whether the noun is singular or plural. That is why 我我 xuésheng remains the same for 我我我我我Tā shì xuésheng. and 我 们们们们们Tāmen shì xuésheng. You can add 们 men to create a special plural form of the noun, but this is really only used in special situations, often for rhetorical effect. Vocabulary point: 我 xué is, on its own, a verb that means to study. Paired with the character 我 shēng it creates a new noun, student 我我 xuésheng. Pronunciation point: You may have noticed that on its own, 我 shēng has a line over it, whereas when it is paired with 我 xué it does not. That is because the 我 shēng in 我我 xuésheng changes to a neutral tone, due something known as "tone sandhi", which is Sanskrit for "incredibly coy linguistic term". What "tone sandhi" means is that you pronounce words differently based on the words that come before or after it. Native speakers of Chinese do this intuitively, as do practiced foreign speakers of Chinese. As a beginner student, it really isn't worth worrying about, and as an intermediate level student there will be some tricks you can learn that will help you along. 3 1.04 Pronouns, the verb "to be", and the noun complement "teacher" and "business person". I am a teacher. 我我我们们 Wǒ shì lǎoshī. You are a business person. 我我我我我 Nǐ shì shāngrén. You (respected) are a teacher. 我我我们们 Nín shì lǎoshī. He is a business person. 我我我我我 Tā shì shāngrén. She is a teacher. 我我我们们 Tā shì lǎoshī. 我们们们们们 Wǒmen shì shāngrén. We are business people. You all are teachers. 我们们们们们 Nǐmen shì lǎoshī. They are business people. 我们们们们们 Tāmen shì shāngrén. >> Listen to the MP3 (right click to save) Vocabulary point: 我 lǎo means old, but that is not an exact translation, For starters, it is only used in reference to people, never things. Secondly, it is often combined with other characters to make positions and titles of respect, such as 我们 lǎoshī teacher. People often point out that 我 lǎo carries positive connotations that old does not carry in the West. Since 我 lǎo refers only to people and never to things, we could translate it as senior, an English word that has both the meaning of "aged" as well as "having more authority". 我 shāng means business, and 我 rén means person or people, thus 我我 shāngrén literally means "business person". 1.05 Pronouns, the verb "to be", and the noun complements "man" and "woman" You are a man. 我我我我我Nǐ shì nánrén. You are a woman. 我我我我我Nǐ shì nǚrén. He is a man. 我我我我我 Tā shì nánrén. She is a woman. 我我我我我 Tā shì nǚrén. They are men. 我们们们们们Tāmen shì nánrén. They are women. 我们们们们们Tāmen shì nǚrén. >> Listen to the MP3 (right click to save) Notes: You will often see Woman 我 nǚ and man 我 nán used on their own as abbreviations on restrooms, forms, etc. 1.06 You cheeky monkey! 我... You... Nǐ... 我我... You are... Nǐ shì... 我我我们们! You are a blockhead! Nǐ shì mùtóurén! Notes: 4 Scattered throughout this course you will find sections at the end of some lessons labeled "You cheeky monkey!" In these sections we will teach you irreverent, bizarre, or sometimes even topical things to say. Vocabulary point: 我们们 mùtourén literally means "wood head person", the meaning of which seems pretty selfexplanatory. We ought to recognize 我 rén from the other words we have studied this lesson, such as 我我 nǚrén and 我我 shāngrén. Exercises A Transcribe the characters below into pinyin 1.) 我 __________________ 2.) 我 ___________________ 3.) 我 __________________ 4.) 我们 __________________ 5.) 我 __________________ 6.) 我们 __________________ 7.) 我们 _________________ 8.) 我 _____________________ B Translate the following pinyin into English 1.) nín ____________________ 2.) nǐmen _________________ 3.) wǒ ____________________ 4.) tāmen __________________ 5.) wǒmen _________________ 6.) nǐ ____________________ 7.) tā _____________________ C Translate the following sentences into English 1.) Wǒmen shì shāngrén. _______________________________________________________. 2.) Tā shì xuésheng. _______________________________________________________. 3.) Nín shì lǎoshī. _______________________________________________________. 4.) Tāmen shì nánrén. _______________________________________________________. D Match the character to its corresponding pinyin lǎo 1.) 我 2.) 我 3.) 我 nǐ nán 5 4.) 我 shì 5.) 我 rén E Chose the two characters that are not the same 我我我我 我我我们 我我我们 我我我们 F Make words by matching the two syllables我 then match them to the correct characters lǎo men 我们 shāng sheng 我我 wǒ shī 我们 xué rén 我我 2.01 Simple questions 我我我我我 You are a student. Nǐ shì xuéshēng. 我我我我们? Are you a student? Nǐ shì xuéshēng ma? 我我我我我 He is a business person. Tā shì shāngrén. 我我我我们? Is he a business person? Tā shì shāngrén ma? 我们们们们们们 You all are foreign students. Nǐmen shì liúxuéshēnɡ. 我们们们们们们们 Are you all foreign students? Nǐmen shì liúxuéshēnɡ ma? 2.02 Countries and Nationalities 我我 Zhōngguó China 我我我 Zhōngguórén Chinese people 我我 Měiguó America 我我我 Měiguórén American people 我我 Yīngguó Britain 我我我 Yīngguórén British people 我我 Déguó Germany 我我我 Déguórén German people 我我 Yìndù India 我我我 Yìndùrén Indian people 2.03 Pronouns + Nationality complement in statement and question form 我我我我我我 I am American. Wǒ shì Měiguórén. 我我我我我们们 Are you American? Nǐ shì Měiguórén ma? 我我我我我我 He is Chinese. Tā shì Zhōngguórén. 我我我我我们们 Is he Chinese? Tā shì Zhōngguórén ma? 6 我我我我我我 She is German. Tā shì Déguórén. 我们们们们们们们 Are you all Indian? Nǐmen shì Yìndùrén ma? 我们们们们们们 They are English. Tāmen shì Yīngguórén. 2.04 Nationality - a simple dialogue A 我我我我我们? Nǐ shì Yīngguórén ma? B 我我我我我我我我 我我我我我们们 Shì我wǒ shì Yīngguórén. Nǐ shì Zhōngguórén ma? A 我我我我我我我我 Shì我wǒ shì Zhōngguórén. Exercises A Transcribe the characters below into pinyin 1.) 我我 _________________ 2.) 我我 __________________ 3.) 我我 _________________ 4.) 我我 _________________ 5.) 我我 _________________ B Translate the pinyin into English 1.) Déguó __________________ 2.) Zhōngguó ______________ 3.) Yīngguó _________________ 4.) Měiguó ________________ C Transcribe the characters into pinyin and then translate into English 1.) 我我我 _____________ ______________ 2.) 我我我 _____________ ______________ 3.) 我我我 _____________ ______________ 4.) 我我我 _____________ ______________ 4.) 我我我 _____________ ______________ D Fill in the blanks for this dialogue A Nǐ shì _____________ ma? B Shì我wǒ shì Yīngguórén. Nǐ shì ______________ ma? A Shì我wǒ ______ Zhōngguórén. E Match the character to its pinyin lǎo 1.) 我 2.) 我 3.) 我 4.) 我 5.) 我 guó tā zhōng měi 7 6.) 我 nán F Transcribe the following sentences into pinyin 1.) 我我我我我我 _______________________________________________________. 2.) 我们们们们们们们 _______________________________________________________. 3.) 我我我我我们我 _______________________________________________________. 4.) 我我我我们? _______________________________________________________. 3.01 Asking for a first name 我我... Nǐ jiào... 我我我们... Nǐ jiào shénme... 我我我们们们们 Nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? 我我... Tā jiào... 我我我们... Tā jiào shénme... 我我我们们们们 Tā jiào shénme míngzì? Notes: You are called... You are called by what... You are called by what name? She is called... She is called by what... She is called by what name? The sentence pattern for asking for a first name is: Pronoun + call (我) + what (我们) + name (我我)? 我们 shénme what is an interrogative pronoun, and the first of the big six question words we will encounter (who, what, when, where, why and how) Note as well that 我 jiào does not change form according to the noun. 8 3.02 Hello! - a simple dialogue 我我! 我我: Nǐ hǎo! 我我! 我我们们们们们们们们们? 们们: Nǐ hǎo! Wǒ shì Mǎté. Nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? 我我我我我 我我: Wǒ jiào Shālā. Notes: In Chinese as well as English there are two main ways to state your name, the first being 我我... Wǒ jiào My name is... and the second being 我我 Wǒ shì I'm... 我我! Nǐ hǎo! Hello! is the most common greeting in China, a direct translation would be "You good!" 我 hǎo means good, which in English is an adjective. However, in Chinese, 我 hǎo can also sometimes be a verb (as in "to get better"), and it can also be something called a "predicate adjective" which basically means a verb that acts like an adjective. This is why there is no verb to be 我 shì in the sentence 我我! Nǐ hǎo! We will cover predicate adjectives more fully in lesson 21. The point to remember here is that we should say 我我! Nǐ hǎo! not 我我我! Nǐ shì hǎo! 3.03 Nice to meet you! - everyday expressions 我... Very... Hěn. 我我们... Very nice... Hěn gāoxìng... 我我们们们 Very nice to meet... Hěn gāoxìng rènshi... 我我们们们们们 Very nice to meet you. Hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ. Vocabulary point: 们们 rènshi is a verb that means to know, to recognize, to be familiar with 我们 gāoxìng is an adjective that means happy, elated, the literal meaning of the first character of the word, 我 gāo means high and the second character 们 xìng means interest 我 hěn very is an adverb and is one of the most used words in the Chinese language. 3.04 Hello! - the extended dialogue 我我! 我我: Nǐ hǎo! 我我! 我我们们们们们们们们们? 们们: Nǐ hǎo! Wǒ shì Mǎté. Nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? 我我: 我我我我我我我们们们们们 9 Wǒ jiào Shālā. Hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ. 我我我我们们们们们 们们: Wǒ yě hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ. Notes: 我 yě is an adverb that means also. Some examples: 我我我我我我我 Wǒ yě shì Měiguórén. I am also an American. 我我我我我我 Tā yě shì xuéshēng. She is also a student. Please take note here that the position of 我 yě is firmly fixed before the verb and after the subject. For instance, you cannot start a sentence with 我 yě, as you can in English (Also, I am a doctor). 3.05 What's his name? - concept and vocabulary review dialogue A: 我我我们们们们 Tā jiào shénme míngzi? B: 我我们们们 Tā jiào Mǎté. A: 我我我我我们们 Tā shì Měiguórén ma? B: 我我我我我我我我 Shì, tā shì Měiguórén. A: 我我我我我们们 Tā shì liúxuéshēnɡ ma? B: 我我我我我我我我 Shì, tā shì liúxuéshēnɡ. Notes: Remember that in Chinese there is no direct correspondent to the English word yes. Instead, in many Chinese sentences they will reuse the verb from the question, e.g. 我我...? Tā shì...? Is he...? - 我, 我我 Shì, tā shì... Yes, he is... In spoken Chinese, people will often answer with the verb alone, indicating affirmation. 10 Exercises A Transcribe the characters below into pinyin 1.) 我我 ___________________ 2.) 我们 __________________ 3.) 我我我 _________________ 4.) 我 ____________________ 5.) 们们 ___________________ 6.) 我 ____________________ B Translate the following sentences 1.) Hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ. _______________________________________________________. 2.) Wǒ yě shì Zhōngguórén. _______________________________________________________. 3.) Nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? _______________________________________________________. 4.) Tāmen yě shì liúxuéshēnɡ. _______________________________________________________. C Rearrange the words into complete sentences 1. shì Tā ma Měiguórén ? ______________________________________________________________? 2. míngzi jiào shénme Tā ? ______________________________________________________________? 3. Tā liúxuéshēnɡ ma shì ? ______________________________________________________________? D Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word 我我: Nǐ _____! 们们: Nǐ hǎo! Wǒ shì Mǎté. Nǐ jiào shénme ___________? 我我: Wǒ ______ Shālā. Hěn _________ rènshi nǐ. 们们: Wǒ _____ hěn gāoxìng ______ nǐ. E Circle the character that matches the pinyin shì : 我 我 我 我 yě : 我 我 我 我 nǐ : 我 我 我 我 hěn : 我 我 我 我 rén : 我 我 我 们 měi : 我 我 我 我 F Match the words with the translation Happy 1.) Liúxuéshēnɡ 11 2.) Gāoxìng Student India 3.) Déguó 4.) Xuésheng Foreign student 5.) Yìndù Also 6.) Yě Germany 4.01 Common last names with social titles. 我 Lǐ Lee 我 Wáng Wang 们 Zhāng 我我我 我我我 Lǐ xiānsheng Lǐ xiǎojiě Mr. Lee Ms. Lee 我我我 我我我 Wáng xiānsheng Wáng xiǎojiě Mr. Wang Ms. Wang 们们们 们们们 Zhāng xiānsheng Zhāng xiǎojiě Zhang Mr. Zhang 我 我我我 Liú Liú xiānsheng Liu Mr. Liu Vocabulary point: Ms. Zhang 我我我 Liú xiǎojiě Ms. Liu 我 xiān means first, so 我我 xiānsheng can be translated directly as "first born". Note that the second character of 我我, 我 shēng, is pronounced as a neutral tone in 我我. In other words, please note that the 我 shēng in xiānsheng doesn't have a line over it. That means that you should put more emphasis on the first syllable of the word, 我 xiān. 4.02 Introductions - simple formal A 我们们? Nín guì xìng? B 我我我我我们们? Wǒ xìng Lǐ. Nín guì xìng? A 我我们们 Wǒ xìng Zhāng. Notes: 12 我们们? Nín guì xìng? is a formal and polite way to ask another person's last name. 我 xìng means family name, and 们 guì is an adjective modifying 我 xìng that literally means "expensive". I 我 xìng is analogous to the British English use of "dear" to mean both "expensive" and, well, "dear". 4.03 Full Chinese Names 我我我, 我我我我 My name is Li Xue. Wǒ xìng Lǐ, jiào Lǐ Xuě. 我我我, 我我们们 My name is Wang Jun. Wǒ xìng Wáng, jiào Wáng Jūn. 我我们, 我们们们们 Her name is Zhang Xiaoyu. Tā xìng Zhāng, jiào Zhāng Xiǎoyú. 我我我我 我我们们们 His name is Liu Qiangguo. Tā xìng Liú, jiào Liú Qiángguó. 4.04 Common last names with professional titles. 我 Lǐ Lee 我 Wáng Wang 们 Zhāng 我们们 Lǐ jīnglǐ Manager Lee 我们们 Wáng jīnglǐ Manager Wang 我我们 Lǐ lǎoshī Teacher Lee 我我们 Wáng lǎoshī Teacher Wang 们们们 们们我 Zhāng lǎoshī Zhāng jīnglǐ Manager Zhang Teacher Zhang Zhang 我 我们我 我我们 Liú Liú jīnglǐ Liú lǎoshī Liu Manager Liu Teacher Liu Notes: It is quite common in Chinese to use professional titles when addressing adults - in English, we really only do this with doctors, politicians, and people in the military. Bear in mind as well that the person's title comes after, not before the family name. 4.05 Hello teacher! - concept and vocabulary review dialogue 我们们 我我我 们们: Lǎoshī 我nín hǎo! 我我我我我我我我们们 们们们: Nǐ hǎo我 Nǐ shì liúxuéshēnɡ ma? 我我我我我我我我 们们: Shì, wǒ shì liúxuéshēnɡ. 13 我我我们们们们 Nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? 我我们们们 们们: Wǒ jiào Mǎtè. Exercises A Transcribe the characters below into pinyin 1.) 们 _____________________ 2.) 我我 ____________________ 3.) 我 _____________________ 4.) 我们 ____________________ 5.) 们们 __________________ 6.) 我我我 __________________ 7.) 我 _____________________ 8.) 我 _______________________ B Match the words with their translation teacher 1.) 我 们们们: 2.) 我们 3.) 们们 4.) 们 5.) 我 last name (surname) expensive to be called, to be named manager C Fill in the blanks A Nín ______ xìng? B Wǒ __________ Lǐ. ________ guì xìng? A _______ xìng Zhāng. D Circle the pinyin for the characters 我 : shēnɡ jiào xìng gāo 我 : hǎo liú xiān xìng shén hǎo 我 : hěn wǒ xiǎo míng 我 : xiān xìng 我 : xìng gāo míng ma 我 : míng tā hǎo shén E Write the English meanings next to the words 1.) 我们 Gāoxìng _________________ _________________ 2.) 我 Jiào _________________ 3.) 我 Xìng 4.) 们们 Jīnglǐ _________________ 5.) 我我 Míngzì _________________ 6.) 我我 Shāngrén _________________ F Write questions for the following answers 1.) _______________________________________________________? 我我我我我我我我 Shì我wǒ shì Yīngguórén. 2.) _______________________________________________________? 14 我我我们们们们们 Shì我tāmen shì xuésheng. 3.) _______________________________________________________? 我我我们们 Wǒ jiào Wáng Jūn. 5.01 How is your health? - sentence pattern for a basic conversational pleasantry 我... ...your... Nǐ... 我我我... ...your health? Nǐ shēntǐ... 我我我我... ....is your health? Nǐ shēntǐ hǎo... 我我我我们们 How is your health? Nǐ shēntǐ hǎo ma? Notes: A more direct translation of this phrase would be "Is your health good?" This is a polite question that is asked when we assume that the other person is in fact well. If we know that the person has recently been sick, or looks sick at the moment, there are other questions we can ask to show a greater degree of awareness or concern. We will study these in later units. 5.02 I am also... 我我我我我我我我我 Wǒ hěn hǎo. Tā yě hěn hǎo. I am fine. He is also fine. 我我我我我我我 我们们们们们们们 Lǐ Xuě shì dàxuéshēng. Wáng Jūn yě shì dàxuéshēng. Li Xue is a university student. Wang Jun is also a university student. 我我们们们们们们们们们们们们们们们 Liú lǎoshī shēntǐ hěn hǎo. Lǐ jīnglǐ shēntǐ yě hěn hǎo. Teacher Liu's health is good. Manager Li's health is also good. Notes: A little more about 我 yě: 我 yě is an adverb that introduces additional information. It does this in two ways, one by introducing additional information about a subject, and the second by stating a similarity between two different subjects. So far, we have only seen the second type, but as new verbs get introduced in later lessons we will see the first type more and more. 15 Vocabulary point: 我我我 dàxuéshēng university student is made by combining 我 dà big with 我我 xuéshēng student. On its own, 我我 dàxué means university 5.03 How is your health? - dialogue between two people of different social status 们们们们 我我我 们们: Zhāng lǎoshī 我nín hǎo! 我我我 们们们: Nǐ hǎo我 我我我我们们 们们: Nín shēntǐ hǎo ma? 我我我我我我 们们们: Hěn hǎo. Nǐ ne? 我我我我们们们们 们们: Yě hěn hǎo, xièxie nín. 我们们 们们们: Zàijiàn. 我们们 们们: Zàijiàn. Notes: 们们 Mǎtè shows his respect for 们们们 Zhāng lǎoshī by using the respectful form of the pronoun you, 我 nín, as well as by using the teacher's title, 我们 lǎoshī while speaking to her. 我我我 Nǐ ne? can be translated as And you? Follow up questions with 我 ne are used to ask the same question as the preceding question, but about another subject or object. Vocabulary point: 我我 shēntǐ means health. On its own, 我 shēn means body. 们们 xièxie means thank you. Adding a pronoun to the end makes it more polite, as in 们们们 xièxie nǐ. 我们 zàijiàn means good bye, although it literally means see you again. 5.04 See you tomorrow! - dialogue between two people of equal social status 我我们们 我我: Nǐ hǎo ma? 我我我我我我我 我们: Wǒ hěn hǎo, nǐ ne? 我我我我我我我们们 们们: Wǒ yě hěn hǎo. Míngtiān jiàn! 16 我我们们 Míngtiān jiàn. Notes: 我们: 我们 zàijiàn is the most common way to say goodbye, it literally means "see you again". There are other ways to say goodbye used when speakers have a more or less particular time they expect to see each other again. 我我们 Míngtiān jiàn, meaning See you tomorrow, is one of these expressions. Vocabulary point: 我我 Míngtiān means tomorrow. On its own, 我 Míng means bright and is the same 我 Míng as in The Ming Dynasty. 我 tiān means sky. 5.05 The Horrors of Pronunciation 我们 我 我 我我 Shénme Shén Shēn Shēntǐ What Body Body What 我我 我 我我 我 Míngzì Míng Míngtiān Míng Bright Tomorrow Name Name Exercises A Transcribe the characters below into pinyin 2.) 我们 1.) 我 _____________________ ____________________ 4.) 我 3.) 我我 _____________________ ____________________ 6.) 们们 5.) 我我我 __________________ ___________________ 7.) 我我 __________________ B Translate the following sentences 1.) Nín shēntǐ hǎo ma? _______________________________________________________. 2.) Wáng Jūn yě shì dàxuéshēng. _______________________________________________________. 3.) Míngtiān jiàn. _______________________________________________________. 17 C Fill in the blanks A: Nín shēntǐ ________ ma? B: Hěn hǎo. _________ ne? A: ________ hěn hǎo, xièxie nín. B: Zàijiàn. A: ___________. D Convert the following sentences into pinyin 1.) 我我我我 _______________________________________________________. 2.) 我们们们们们们们我 _______________________________________________________. 3.) 我我我我我们我 _______________________________________________________. E Circle the pinyin for the character 们 : shēnɡ jiào jiàn gāo 我 : xìng gāo míng ma shén hǎo 我 : hěn wǒ xiǎo míng 我 : xiān shēn shén hǎo 我 : hěn wǒ xiǎo míng 我 : wǒ xiān 们 : xìng xiè míng ma 我 : míng tā hǎo shén F Rearrange the words into complete sentences 1. yě hǎo Wǒ hěn . ______________________________________________________________. 2. shēntǐ lǎoshī hǎo hěn Liú. ______________________________________________________________. 3. shì yě Wáng Jūn dàxuéshēng . ______________________________________________________________. G Match the words with the translation 1.) Shénme Manager 2.) Xìng 3.) Jīnglǐ 4.) Gāoxìng 5.) Rènshi To be acquainted with Also What Happy 18 6.) Yě Last name (Surname) H Count the number of times the following characters appear 我 ( tǐ ) 我 ( jiào ) 们 ( rèn ) 我 ( guó ) 我 ( shì ) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 我我们们们们 我我我我我我 我我我我我我我我 我我我们们们们 我我我们们们们们 我我我我我们们 我们们们们们们 我我我我们们 我们们们我 6.01 He is not a.... - pronouns with negation 我我我我我我 I am not a businessperson. Wǒ bú shì shāngrén. 我我我我我我我 He isn't an American. Tā bú shì Měiguórén. 我我我我们们 She isn't a teacher. Tā bú shì lǎoshī. 我们们们们们们们 We are not foreign exchange students. Wǒmen bú shì liúxuéshēnɡ. 我们们们们们们们 They are not university students. Tāmen bú shì dàxuéshēng. Notes: 我 bù is basically the equivalent of the English word not. It is one of the two main negation words used in Chinese, the second being 我 méi, which we will take a look at in a second. 我 bù and 我 méi have different connotations, but the main difference is simply that they collocate with different verbs. Since 我 bù collocates with 我 shì we will focus on it for the time being. 6.02 I'm not German! - concept and vocabulary review dialogue 我我我 A: Nǐ hǎo我 我我我 们们: Nǐ hǎo我 我我我我我们们 A: Nǐ shì Déguórén ma? 我我我我我我我我我 们们: Bú shì, wǒ shì Měiɡuórén. 我们们们们们们们们 A: Shì ma? Nǐ shì shāngrén ma? 我我我我我我我我我 们们: Bú shì, wǒ shì liúxuéshēnɡ. Notes: 我们们 Shì ma? means Is that so? 19 Remember that in Mandarin Chinese there is no universal way to say "yes" or "no" to a question. To respond in negative to a question you can usually add 我 bù or 我 méi plus the verb, please note though that the verb must be the same one as used in the question. In general, English speakers tend to overuse or misuse 我我 bú shì in conversations, so be careful. 6.03 Are you the teacher? - concept and apologizing for small errors 我我我 我我: Nǐ hǎo我 我我我 我们: Nǐ hǎo我 我我我们们们 我我: Nǐ shì lǎoshī ma? 我我我我我我我我 我们: Bú shì, wǒ shì xuésheng. 我,们们们们 我我: ā, duìbuqǐ! 我们们们 我们: Méiguānxi. Notes: 们们们 duìbuqǐ is a formal way for apologizing for small errors and misunderstandings, when the speaker (or someone the speaker represents) has in fact been the cause of the error. This makes it quite different from "I'm sorry", which can be used in situations in which the speaker has done nothing wrong, i.e. "I'm sorry to hear that you got the flu". Of course, the difference between 们们们 duìbuqǐ and I'm sorry is apparent if you actually look at the meaning of the two phrases. 们们们 duìbuqǐ directly translated means something like "Don't get excited" or "Don't get piqued", whereas when we say I'm sorry what we are saying, after all, is something along the lines of "This situation has caused me sorrow. I feel bad about it". Thus, I'm sorry refers back to a situation from which we can infer whether the speaker is apologizing or expressing condolence, whereas 们们们 duìbuqǐ directly refers to the attitude of the one who has been transgressed, and the wish on the part of the speaker not to be taken the wrong way. 6.04 Is that a man's name or a woman's name? 我我我我我们们 们们: Lǐ Xuě shì nǚ míng ma? 我我我我我我我我 们们: Shì, Lǐ Xuě shì nǚ míng. 我们们? 们们: Wáng Jūn ne? 我们们们们们们们们们们 们们: Wáng Jūn bú shì nǚ míng, shì nán míng Notes: Remember that 我 bú always precedes the verb in a sentence. Woman 我 nǚ and man 我 nán are used as complements for 我 míng, the root word for 我我 míngzi name. 20