Tài liệu đặc điểm địa hoá trầm tích và môi trường nước của hệ đầm phá tam giang cầu hai thừa thiên huế

MUC LUC Trang L6i cam doan Muc luc Danh muc cac ky hieu va chfl vifi't tdt Danh muc cac bang Danh muc cac hinh ve, dO thi McVd^ii Chitmtg 1: Lich sir va phuimg phap nghien cihi 1.1. Lich sir nghien ciru h6 d^im pha 1.1.1. CJiai doan tnr(k nAm 1975 1.1.2. Oiai doan sau nam 1975 1.2. Glc phuftiig phap nghien citu 1.2.1. Phmtng ph^p khao s^t 1.2.2. f ac phuomg ph.ip phcin tfch Chwmg 2: \Y\^\\ klen dia ly fii nhien ciia hf dilm pha Tarn (Jiang - Cc^ii Hai 2.1. Ccic di6u kiCn dia l^^ ciia ht d<1m pha Tam Giang - CAu Hai 2.1.1. Dia hmh 2.1.2. DacdidmkhfhAu 2.2. Ch6'do thuy van 2.2.1. Thny van sAng 2.2.2 Ilni van 2.3. CA'u line cua ht diSm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai 2.3.1 DecatchAn 2.3.2. Biysau 2.3.3. Virc nirofc cua he d.1m pha 2.3.4. Cac cira bi^n Chrroitg 3 : f)|a chat ciia he dam pha Tam (viang - Cau Hai 3.1. Dia chA't khu virc Hue' 3.1.1. DiatAng 3.1.2. Cac ihanh tao xAm nhAp 3.1.3. Kicn tao 3.2. Dae diem mOi tnrdng lAng dong trAm tfch Dc Tir 3.3. Licli sir hinh thanh va pliat triSn cua he dclm pha TG - CH 3.4. He dAm pha trong thai gian hicn nay Chirong4: Dia hoa tnim fich day ciia he diim pha 4.1. Tlianh phan ca hoc va phAn bO trAm tfch day 4.1.1. MOt sokhai niem 1 8 8 8 9 12 12 15 18 18 18 19 24 24 25 27 28 29 30 33 36 36 36 50 51 53 54 55 60 60 60 4.1.2. I l i a n h pliAn do hat va cac loai trAm tfch 4.1.3. ihanh phAn khoang vAt nhe cua trAm tfch 61 63 4.1.4. Khoang vAt nang trong trAm tfch 63 4.1.5. Npu^n cungcffp vAt liSu tnim tfch 4.1.6. PhAn hrtciia trAm tfch day 4.2. Dia hoa tr^m tfch d^y 4.2.1. He th6'ng cac chl tieu nghien ciru 4.2.2. pH cua trfim tfch 4.2.3. Eh va cac dang Fe^\ F e ' ^ Mn^' cua tr<4m tfch 4.2.4. Cac dang S O / 4.2.5. Cac bon hfru ca (Ch/c) 4.2.6. Cac chA'l dinh dirdng N, P 4.2.7. Cac kim loai nang 4.3. Mrti lien (juan gifra trAm tfch va phAn b6' d6ng vAt day Chirorng 5: Dia hoa moi trmmg ninVc cua he diim pha 5.1. He !h6'ng cac chi tieu nghien cihi 5.2. Nhiet do vh su phAn fAng v6 nhiet dO cua nirtirc 5.3. D6 man va sir phAn tAng ve d6 man cua nirdc 5.4. pH cua r\ii6c 5.5. D6 due cua mrac 5.6. DOcuanmifc 5.7. COD cua nircTTc 5.8. BOD, cua niroc 5.9. C ac chA't dinh dirang N, P, Si 5.10. Cac nguyen tO' kim loai nang trong nirac 5.1 1. M6'i lirorng quan gifra cac chi tieu dia hoa 5.12. Sir bien dOi m6i trircrng nirdc do ma cac cira bicn ma vaolhang II nam 1999 5.13. Lien he gifra m6i trirorng nirc'tc vdri sir phAn bd cua m6t s6' sinh vAt day cua he sinh thai dAm pha 5.14. MAi lien quan gifra khai ihac nguAn Igi vai sir bie'n dong inAi Inrang nirac Chuoitg 6 : Van de khai thac, sir dung hop ly tai nguyen va moi truutig a he dam pha T ( i - C H dirm goc do dia hoa 6.1. Quan diem ve moi Inrcrng ben virng a he dAm pha TG - CH 6.2. Cac n.uuyen uhAn ca ban anh hirang de^n moi Iruoiig 6.2.1. Gac nguyen nliAn tir nhien 6.2.2. Cac ngviycn nhAn sinh 6.3. MAl sA d^ xuA't v6 mAi truc^mg vA phat trien ben \'frng a he dAm phci TG - C\] tren quan diCm Dia hoa Ket hian va kicn nghi Danh muc cac cong tiinh ciia tac gia 1:ii lieu tham khao 65 66 72 72 72 74 76 76 79 HO K6 S8 88 89 91 96 97 99 KH) 100 101 102 104 106 I 12 I 15 118 II8 1 19 119 122 I 26 129 131 132 / roNCiiioA XA iioiciiO DAI I K H M i l K H M H A llA NO! NC;IIIA VIPI NAM Doc lAp - Tir do - llanh pbiic - - - (.11 SA: ^.^/J/DI-SDll III) Noi, fii^ay / flNtni; S ndni 2002 .•v. QllVin DINH CIIA (;!AM DOC DAI HOC (^DOC (;IA IIA N(*)l V / v : I h a n h l a p l l o i ( l o n g c a p n h a nircVc c l i A m l i i A n a n l i e n si {;IAM DOC DAI HOC QUOC (HA HA NOI - Can e X u a n Tai. I )e tai.' ' 7 W r dient din hoa (ram tick - (Mtt Ilni, lluia ihien d i u y e n nganh: Ihach - vd mdi tnidng ntidc cua he ddnt phd ! tun (Hang Ilue'\ hoc - Khoang hoc - Irani lich hoc\ M a so: / . 06, O.h Danh sach ciie Ihanh vien eiia l l o i d o n g k c n i t h c o ( | u y e l d i n h nay. Dicu 2: Ong I lieu Irirtrng l i i r a n g Dai hoe K h o a hoe Tir nhiOn en n l i i e n i vw tA ( hire l>ao ve luAn an cAp nha lufi'tc Iheo Q u y chc D a o tao san dai hoe h i c n hanh ( na HA Gi;i(> due va Dao tao va (^ny d i n h lam Ihoi vd dao tao sau dai hoe (V Dai hoe (^iioc gia I la N o i . D i c u 3: Ciie Aug d i a n h van p l i o n g , 7Yirong ban Dao tao, I lieu lnr('fng I n r o n g Dai hoe Khoa hoe l\r n h i e n , e;ie Ihanh vien I r o n g H o i dAng eAp nha \\\u'ic ehAiti InAn an l i e n si ehiu Diieh nhieni i h i hanh (|uyel d i n h nay. Nni nhan: -l.uu V l \ bail D i ( ; S . 1 \ ^ K i r . Dao I r o n g Ihi l)Al{ie|;ACIiaJl0Y.I)6N(; CAP NIIA N D O C (lhcoj(il(3^id|ini.sl%/^^ sir Ho vn Icti / CHAM MIAN AN II^.N Sl / & /2nn2criii(Jii'iin(locl)n{;(aiN) 1 l a r l i nlil^ni ("huycn nganh Ccr q u a n cnng lac U\>\\\1 !lr»l (h>MR 01 CIS.'IS. Mai Trong NliiiAii Dia hoa Dai hoe (^»ioe ^\\\ UN ( h n lieh 02 I'CiS. 'IS. NgiiyOn Kliiic Vinh Dia hoa lloi Dia eliAl Vict Nam Than biCn 1 03 IXiS. TSKII. nnng Villi Hiil Dia chA't D(l ti'r rnrfrng Dai hoc Mo-Dia ehAt Phan biOn 2 O'l 'IS. I.(i'nii L;ii Dia hoa 05 IXIS IS n A H i i Vftii'lliMiili Khoang vAI Of) (iS. IS. T r n i i N g l i i TrAm tfch I'dS. IS. rliJiin I l i i y ' n O n riAm t k h 0/ — lAi dong gom 07 Ihanh vien. Vien Dja CWM rninglAin K i l l N<^CNU( 1 Than biOn } 'InntMp D I I K I I I N , l)ll(;(WIN llurky TnrfrnpDIIKIHN. I)II(;(MIN Itunp IfuM K I I I N c ^ C N ( ; ( ; I ly viOn Uy v i r n QUYET NGHI CUA H O I DONG CHAM LUAN AN TIEN SI CAP NHA NUOC \i luSn an cua nghiSn ci/u sinh: De tai: Le XuAn Tai Dae di^m dia hoa trdm tfch va m6i trucmg nirdfc cua hd ddm pha Tam Giang- CSu Hai Thiia Thi^n Hud' Chuydn nganh: Thach hoc, khoang hoc, Trftm tich hoc MaS6: 1.06.03 Ngay 14 Ihang 9 nam 2002, H6i dAng chfl'm luAn an cA'p Nha nirac cbo luAn an cua nghiAn ci/u sinh LA XuAn Tai da hop tai TnrcVng Dai hoc Khoa Hoc I ir nhiCn (lA chAm luAn an noi trdn. vSau phAn khai mac, HOi dAng da nghe nghiSn cihi sinh trinh bay torn tAt nOi dung luAn an. Sau khi nghe cac y kiCn nhAn x^t cua phan bi6n, HAi dAng dat cAu hoi va nghiAn ci/u sinh tra lai, H6i dong da hop di ra quyet nghi danh gia luAn an vai nhiJng di^m sau dAy: 1. LuAn an cua nghiAn curu sinh LA XuAnTai dirac xAy dirng tren ca sa m6t khAi li/ong tu liAu phong phu va da dang vA dia chAt, trAm tfch, dia hoa, Vt^ mAi triromg. 2. NghiAn ciru sinh da sir mAt hA phuong phap d6ng b6, hop ly, hiAn etai va CO dA tin cAy cao dA sU ly nguAn tai liAu phong phu noi trAn. 3. LuAn an c6 y nghia khoa hoc va gia tri thiTc tiln, gop phAn hoan tbicn phirang phap hiAn vh cac phiro^ig phap nghiAn ciru hA dAm pha ven ba. dAng thai gop phAn tfch circ lam phong phii hA thong tai lieu nhAin phat trien ngafih dia hoa trAm tfch a ViAt Nam. Ket qua cua luAn an c6 tbA' lam ca sa cbo cAng tac dinh birong khai thac hop ly tai nguyen, hao vA mAi frirang \'a phat tiAn bAn vfrng he dAm pha Tam Giang - CAu Hai cQng nhir cdc hA dAn pha khac c6 diAu kiAn tu nhiAn lycmg (u a Viet Nam. 4. LuAn an c6 nhi7ng diAm mai sau dAy: a. Phat hicn dac diem dia boa tffitn tfch, qui hiAt bien dAi mAi frirang nirac theo khong gian va thai gian cna hA dAm pha T a m Giang - CAu H a i . b. Phat hiAn bA sung va giai thich hien tirgng phAn t^ng ngi/ac vA nhiAt do , dA man cua hA dAm pha. c. Phat hien 6 nhiAm d6ng trong wtim tfch day. d. Xac lAp dirac sir bien dAng m o i tn/omg nuofc cua hA d^m pha do m a thAm 3 cira biAn m 6 i vao thang 1 1/1999 va da churng m i n h tfnh tfch cue cua sir bien dAng do. 5. LuAn an cua nghiAn curu sinh LA XuAn Tai c6 chat luong cao, khAng trung lap vcfi nhung cAng trinh da cAng bA' a trong va ngoai nirac. T o m tiit cua lu$n an phan anh ddng nAi dung cua luAn an. LuAn an trinh bay dep, dap irng du yAu cAu dAi vofi luAn an TiAn sT theo quy dinh hiAn hanh. CAng trinh nghiAn cuu cua nghiAn ciru sinh LA XuSn Tai xihig dang la mAl luAn an TiAn sT D i a chA't hoc v^ nghiAn ciru sinh xung dang dirac nhAn hoc vj TiAn sT. SA thanh viAn HAi dAng nh^t tri quyA't nghi: 7/7 danh gia luAn ^n thuAc loai xufft sAc. HAi dAng nhAt trf kfnh dA nghj Dai hoc QuAc gia Ha NAi cAp bAng 1 iAn sT c b o nghiAn cihi sinh LA XuAn T h i . Ngay 14 thang 9 nam 2002 Chii tich HAi dAng GS.TS M a i T r o n g NhuAn IJAN NHAN XET LUAN AN TIEN SI Ve dc (ai: f)ac diAm dia hoa Irani tfch va moi Iruong IUKVC cua he dfini pha Tati Giang- Cfiu I lai- Thira Thien Hue. Chuven nuanh: Thach hoc, Khoang hoc, Tram tfch hoc. Ma so: 1.06.03 Nt^hicn cuii sinh: Le Xuan Tai Phan bien 1 PGS.TS NguyAn KliAc Vinh Vien Dia elial va Moi liiroiig lloi Dia ehal Vicl Nam 0 NOI DUNG NHAN XLT \. Hon 50 nam qua nganh dia chat Viet Nam da dai nhiAu thanh cjua trong nghien ci'ru lap ban 66 dia chat, phat hicn llm kiem thain do khoang san v.v....nhAm lam sang l6 can true dia chat Vicl Nam, danh gia lai nguyen khoang san phuc vii eho cong cuoc xay dung va phat trien kiiih te cua chit nuoc. iKMig nhfrng nam gan dAy cong lac nghien ciTu dicu tra dia ehal da ehii y 6c\\ nliieu chuyAn dA khac nhau lien c|uan den vice khai ihac sir dung liop ly va b;'io ve tai nguyen thien nhien va i)liat trien bAn Nfrng. Vice nghien ciru dia hoa liam tfch va moi truo'ng inioe he dani i"»ha Tain Giang- Cau Hai -Thira Thien Hue la vice lam cap ihiel mang ifnh ihoi su iihani phuc vii irirc ticp cho phal trien kiiih le cua TIn'ra Thien i lue va bao \ e moi Iruonu dc phal trien bAn vung. 2. IhKVng nghien euu dia hoa train Ifeh n()i ehiiiij: \a dia ho;! tiaiii li'eh he cliim j)hri n(')i rieng la hu'ong nghien eiiu nuyi Irong nganh (Ma chat Viet Nam. I h;ip niAn 80 cua the ky trirac moi bat daii c6 mot so cong Irinh nghien eiin ve van dc nay, sau do 10 nam da co gan 10 cong Irinh nghien eiVii dac dieMii dia hoa Irani tfch \'a eae van dA lien ciiian a he dam pha 1'am Giang- CYiii Mai. 'i^iiy nhien clitfa CO cong liinh nghien euii nao di san phan tfeh eae ehi lieu dia hoa moi trnong nhu* nhiet do, p i b do man, do due v,v... va hanh \i eae nenven lo'theo 3 Ifum san khac nhau den L5)n. Dieu do elning lo de lai eua NCS khong Irimg lap so va'i eae eong trinh da cong bo a trong va ngoai nuoc. 3. Miie dfch ehfnh cua luan an la xae lap dae diem dia hoa tram IK li day va dfie diem dia hoa moi liirong eua he dam phii de phiie vn eho \iee su'ching hop jy lai nguyen ihien nhien li'ong \'ung va phat tiieii ben vfing he dam pha 'lani Gians'CAu llai. Noi (lung eua luan an da tap \\[\n[: di sau phan li'eh eae van de dia Ima li;ini Ifeh; moi tiu'ong luioc the hien o eae eluRvng 4.^,6. 1cn ci'ia de lai da ph;Mi ;inh ro e;ie noi dung ehfnh eiia luan ;in \;i phu Imp \a'\ ehuNXMi mianh ihaeli hoe, klio;iiu: \al. tiani tieli hoc . ma so' I.Ofi.OV . . - • i_ . 4. Nghien ei'm sinh da su" dung he pluKvng phap i)i:lnen ((in r h i i \ e n san \e liam tfeii vh moi Iruoim nuoe lo" de ihuc hien de lai. the hien ]n MM niaiiu IH'M diem kh;io s;it ho'p ly, khao sal o'eae tlio'i gian ihi'eli hop de xae dinh sir bien (\n\]ji moi tru'oim theo ehe 66 liieu va Iheo mua, dun*: phuo'm: hen l h u \ e n ma\ ((') c;ic 1 liang thiA't bi lot cho nghien euu va lay niAu. Cac loai man tram ifch day \a man nirac dugc lAy du dai dicn cho he dfim pha va diroe phan ifeh bang eae phuciig phap hoa ly hien dai c6 a Irong \n\ac. Khi xir ly so lieu NCS da dung eae [ihiioiig piiap tong hap phAn tfch danh gia loan hoc v.v... de' rut ra eae ket luan du do tin cAy. 5. Kcl (|ua nghien ciru cua de lai la da xae lap duoe lich sir hinh thanh he di1m pha Tam Gang- CAu Hai, quy lual bicn dAi cac ehi tieu moi Iru'ong nuoe theo llio'i gian va khong gian, dong thai phat hien c6 A nhiAm iiguyAn to C^i Irong trAm tfch day eua he dfim pha. Nhfrng ket qua nay ro rang eo y ngliTa liong \ ice phat triCn chuycn nganh liam Ifeh a nuoc la va phne vu line liep eho san \n;il khai thac hop ly tai nguyen cua he dfim pha. Tuy nhien khi nghien eiiu dia hoa Irfim Ifeh va dia hoa moi linong nncVe cAn phan ifch va lam sang to hon lac dong lucyng ho va su phu thuoe (|ua lai ei'ia cac yen to dia boa gifra cac moi liuang nay. 6. lh\\] luan an co kcl can chat ehe, hinh thiie liinh bay dep, \an phong sang sua. Noi dung cua luan an da du'oc cAng bo cV iren c{\c tap ehf khoa hoe hvn e(3 uy Ifn a Viet Nam nhir Taj) chf Dia chat, Tap ehf ciie khoa hoe liiii dai, Taj) ehf Dai hoe 1 lue v.v... Ket luan cliiint;: DA tai nghien euu cua NCS co ifnh ihoi sir cap ihict, co y nghia khoa hoe dong gop vao phap Irien chuven nganh dia hoa liam lieh Viet Nam. NCS da sir dung cac phiRyng |")hap lien lien de nghiAn euu dC tai. Kcl (]ua nghien euu sc phuc vu tot cho vice khai ihae sir dung hop ly lai nguyen eua he dam pli;i \'a bao ve mAl Iruong Ban luan an dap ling dau du cac yen can eua luan an TS theo (|uy dinh eua Nha nu'oc. Ban loin tat luan an phu hop \6i noi dung ehfnh eua luan an. Dc nghi cap CO iham (|u_\'en eho NCS duoe biio ve luan an eua minh de gianh hoc- \'i TS. y^.:n^r7^^i^ r^fy^^yOfJ.'^^^ //'•/ A(>A ngiiyU llnUio H nnni 2002 Ky ten d ^4^ h^ ^ ^ P(JS. IS ,\mi \ en Khnc I ////; r>AN NHAN XF/r LUAN AN TIKN Sl ])AC Vc do lai niKM niA JUlK^NC NUdc HOA IKAM rim VA INIOI CIJA III: DAM IMIA TAM (ilANC- CA\J MAI THUA 'I^HIKN 11111"! Chi/yrn nf^nnh TMAc^ii HOC - KiK)AN(; HOC - r i r \ i \ i r i c n H O C Md sd: i.on.oa N oh ICO cd'u. sinh.: LK XUAN TAI P/idn hirn 2 (;S, T S K I I . DANO ^ AN IIA T 'rHU'ON(; DAI HOC INin DIA CHA I' 1 lA d;1m pha T a m G i a n g - CAu llai la lagiin dieii hinh l i o n g hO i h o n g lagnn V(MI l^o' o Viet N a m . Cae hien l u o n g dia ehal gan lien \'oi su' lien ho;» ciia he d a m pha dien ra kha pluie lap va da d a n g , anh hu('»ng line liep i\c\] sir khai lh;ie, (|uv h o a e h va phal trien kinb le lanh lho.\^'li d i e n t\<\\ ? I''i k m ' , he d a m ph;i nav e(') y nghia hVn ckn voi sir ph;tl liirii kinli \r < M.) linh Thirii l i n e , l i e dAm jiba T a m D i a n g - CAu Mai da ihn hnl Ihua ar (|iian lam nghien eiiu cna nhien nha khoa hoc lien e;ic linh vue k h a e n h a u . S o n g , ph;'ii llura nhan rang vice n g h i e n euu c h u y c n sAu ve d a e d i e m dia ho;i liani Ifeh va moi liUong nu'fye ehira d u o e lien h a n h n h i e n . L u a n ;iii eua f J( *S I r XuAn Tai 6^\ g(')p phan lam s a n g In van 60 n a v , xae d m h i. D(') la he i h o n g lagnn \'en b o . V6\ \\ |)h;il liiAn hien nay, n g a n h k h o a hoe ve lagnn e h a e eh;in sc e(') mot \'i In nhal d i n h lioim he I h o n g e;ie khoa hoc- dia e h a l . dia ly. DA lai ciia luan an k h o n g l i i m g lap v o i eae c o n g l i l n h luan an da c o n g bA 6 l i o n g va n g o a i nuVve. NAi d u n g eha luan an di san vao n g h i e n < iiu IrAm Ifeh d a y va m o i l i U o n g nUo'e v o i eae dae d i e m dia ho.i eo ban t ua hA d i i m pha T a m G i a n g - CAu I lai la phu h o p v o i de lai m a luAn -ui. d i i n g v(Vi c h u y A n n g a n h T h a c h hoc - K h o a n g t h a c h - T i A m l i e h hoe m a n g ma so 1.06.03. L u A n an da siV d u n g 104 lai lieu I h a m k h a o b a n g liem.i V i e L l i e n g A n h , l i e n g N g a . Cac trfch clAn l i u n g l l n r c , ro r a n g , die h i e n l i n h n g h i e m liie cua N C S . L u a n an d u o e x a y d u n g l i e n eo" so lai lien eua e h f n h b.ui (ban l/ie gia true liep ihu i h a p . k h a o sal I.S dol l;n 4,'^vi l i i ciiian hrie. dae biel l;ie gi;i da true liep kh.io sal A dot sau k h i mcV eua b i e n Hoa D u a n lir l h ; i n g 1 l / L * 9 9 6c\\ hie eua b i e n nay bi lap lai vao i h a n g S/20()(). L u a n .in cow sh d u n g k c l qua n.uhien eiVu eua dc lai I r o n g d i e m cap N h a luit'ye, e;ie e(">ng l i i n h n g h i e n cfru dia ehAI vA drim pha T a m Cliang - CAu l l a i , l o n g h o p kel (|ii.i jibAn l i ' d i eua gfm Si)() m a n l i A m Ifeh d a y . b7() niAu nn('ic va h a n g ngaii so lieu d o m o i I r u o n g nu()e lai h i c n l i U o n g . N g o a i ra, luan ;in cnw sir d u n g ho p h i i o n g ph;ip n g h i e n efrii hop l y , lir nhfrng p h i r o n g phap n g h i e n eii'u n g o a i I h i i ' d i a , bo trf m a n g lu'tVi Ihfeh h o p Iheo 1 1 m a l eal voi 45 d i A m c]iian l i a e , 6c\) i-:\c p l u i o n g ph.ip n g h i e n efru I r o n g |")hong nhu phan l i e h Ihanh phan h.U, i h a n h phan k h o a n g N'AL C]uang p h o d i n h l u o n g ;',an di'ing l o a n p h a n . e;i( b o n h i i i i ( o-, CAC c h l lieu dia h o ; i . x;ie d i n h h a m liKViig k i m h^ai. \'.v... T a i ca d i e n 6n da d.un b;io eho 6o t i n eay eua eae kel luAn ma luan ;ui dua la. T h a n h c o n g (|uan l i o n g cua luAn an vao vice n g h i e n eiin h-; d;1m pha T a m G i a n g - Can l l a i . Iheo tjuan d i e m eua n g u o i n h a n xf-l. la N ( ' S da n g h i e n c ihi ehi liel dae d i e m dia hoa l i a m Ifeh d.iy \'a (l;ie d i e m (ha ho;i mi>i truo'ng nucVe cua he d a m ph;i T a m <^''iang - Can Mai. D a y e u i i " la n h i h i g ( l o n g g('>p ena c o n g l i l n h nay \'ao vice n g h i e n euu e;ie d i c u k i c n In nhi<'n ( iia he drim pha ven b i e n V i c l N a m . D.ie d i e m dia hoii d n o t tren t a c k h i a e a n h : 60 LI 1, L h va e;ie dan».' b e ' , Le N C S l u d i i f n ( fm , Mn . ham hrong vSO,,' , e.'iebon hfiu e o , eac" ehal d i n h d u o n g N . L \ a c:\c k i m lo.ii n;ni<.' d a y , b a n g e;ie kel (|ii;i n g h i e n efru eua m h i h , la(^ r i a da X.H d i n l i duolu'ong d(">n;:. Ii i i n g b i n h iMHig l i a m (ieh 6Ay b,5*)H. I 0 () bam cna Io;ni b d he (';im phi'i la '/' va so *;anh b.'nn liio'ng d ^ n ^ \(Y\ \\r\\ c ImAn m o i 11 IK a .-• I i . i m l i c h eua ( "anatia c h o lli.U" h a m l u o n g doii'.' I r u n g b n i h 11 o n j : 10,111 b' ^ b v u o l n u i e uicvi ban (> n h i c m \ u a ; b a m l u o n g d o i m o ( a n l l a i \ a d.'im pi 1:1 L i m C,ianr. da v u o l nure A n h i A m n a n g , t r o n g d o dac b i e l a d A m CAu l l a i gAji hai Ian gii'ti ban A n b i e m n a n g . D A y la n h u n g sA lieu d a n g cpiy ma lac gia luan an da Ifnh l o a n d i r o c . D o i v o i dia boa m o i l i n ' o n g niKVc. lac gi,» d.> i h i i d u o e he t h o n g so lieu kha d A n g bA IrAn L S 9 0 v i trf k h a o s a l , 1 1.340 k d c|ua d o dae true l i e p eae c h i l i e u m A i trUong e u n g v o i h a n g t r a m m a n ph.m l i c h . D o la n h u n g lai licMi n g u y e n t h u y rA'l i l a n g dirac IrAn I r o n g ma N C S da l i n e l i e p khao s a l , I h a m gia llnrc h i e n I r o n g cac dir an h o p lac (^uoe le Viet - Phap. T i r nhfrng n g u o n lai lien 66. lac gia da e b o n he I h o n g c i e ehi lieu h o p ly de nghiAn euu dia hoa m A i t r i r a n g niKie eua he dAm |iha. V i c e |ibal h i e n ra h i e n h r o n g phan tang ngUoc vA n h i e l 66 6 phfa TAy N a m d a m (/an l l a i t ua N(^S c f m g la m o i phal h i e n ly t h u , cAn l i e p tuc d u o e n g h i A n e u u . T a c gia ci)n}\ da cA'gAng gi;ii I b i e h n g u y A n nhAn phAn lAng ngUoe ve d o m a n t na he d a m pha T a m ( J i a n g - C\Au l l a i . D A y la h i e n l i r o n g da chiov mot so nba n g h i e n ( l i n nhAc l a i ( N g u y e n C h u H o i , TrAn D u e T h a n h va n.n.k, I 9 9 S ) . rAng: " H i e n t u o n g phAn Ifing n g n a e phu i h u o e vao n h i e n \.\c gi;"i eho \( n t o . nbu'ng I r o n g 66 yen lA l i a o dAi niKve cjua eua T i r M i e n , eua T h i i a n A n . dia h i n h ( na drim T h u y T f i (doan Ma T i u n g ) , dae d i e m d o n g cb;'iv t r o n g pb;i... la n h u n g yell to (|n\'el d i n h " ( t i a n g 9 5 ) . D i e u ly g i a i 66^ c <> ' tc la h o p ly. N h i r da b i e l , Iran Ifi hit lieh sir n a m 1999 da hit d(')iig m,uih 6c\\ trirang eua he d A m |")ba. LuAn an c I'la N C S LA X u a n vAn de Ihoi sir n a y , da n g h i e n efru 6\\iic moi Lai da c ap nhal d u o e sir b i e n d o i m t u I r u o n g mri l u o n o (]uan gifia e.ie e h i l i e u m o i l i U o n g nu"(ie liu"(Ve va sau k h i m o < ac ( na b i c n . M o i l u o n g (luan nay ehae ehan se anh h i r a n g b i i sir b i c n d o i ( na be * inh t h a i , lai n g u y A n ibiAn n h i e n va vice k h a i Ihae n g u o n loi cua he d . i m |ih;i. T o m l a i , luan an eua NCvS LA X u a n T ; i i da l a m s;ing lo d u d e dac d i e m dia ho;i eua l i a m Ifeh d a y va m o i I n r a n g nU(')C eua he d a m ph;i l a m ( i i a n g Criu Mai. T i e n eo" so* 66, da phAn Ifeh d u o e eae n g u \ ' c n n h . m c o b;m anh bu'tViig 6c\] m o i l i U o n g va de xual eae gi;n ph.ip li;io vc m o i t i n o n g , ph.il trien ben vfrng l i e n c|nan d i e m dia boa. NgUo'i doe d o n g riiib ^M| (|nan d i c i n cua l;ie gi.'i eho rang vA'n dA b;)o \'e m o i liu'o'ng va phal l i i c n I n \ u n g ph.'ii luan Ihu n h u n g c|uy lual kh;ieh c|iian ena lir n h i e n . loi dung, n h u n g (|u\' lual 66 de phuc vu eho \'iee phal l i i c i i ben v f r n g ; k l i o i m n c i i c b o i i ; ' l i . c 6n\ dan lai n h u n g q u y liial 66. T\\\ vAy, \'oi l i c u 6c ( i i a luan an: "I ).i' d i c n i di;i hf>;i b a m l i e h \'a \u6\ I r u o n g nuoe eua be d a m ph;i T a m ( i i a i i g ( .MI I I . M lima TliiAn HiiA ", miic tieu cua luAn an nen dirac xae dinh mot each ngAn gon l«i nghiAn efru dac diAm dia hoa trAm tfch day va mAi trirang nuoe cua he dAm pha gop phAn lam sang to nhfrng hien tirgng tir nhien da va dang xay la a khu virc. VA'n dA lich sir hinh thanh va phat trien cua he dAm pha la mot vA'n dA phfrc tap. Nhfrng nAi dung nay d«a dA cAp 6en trong In An an chi la iiAii dia chAt phuc VII cho viee nghien ciru dia hoa, chira du c a sa thuyAt phuc dA dira thanh muc tiAu cua luAn an. Han nfrn, vA'n dA lich sir hinh thanh \'a phat tiien cua dAm pha gAn v6i dac diAm dia hoa chira thiie sir chat ehe va an khop. LuAn an dA cAp den cac dac diAm dia hoa vai cac ket qua phAn tfeh ehfnh xac (icn phAn tram, phfin nghln. VI vAy, van dA dat ra la do tin cay cua cac kef qua phAn tfch nay. Trong luan an cfin chi ro dia chi phAn Ifeh mAu. Nhln chimg IiiAn an cua NCS LA XuAn Tai eo noi dung kha [ihong phu vA dia hoa trAm tfch day va mAi frirang lurae eua he dAm pha Tam Giang - CAu Hai. CAu true cua luAn an hgp ly. Tuy vay, dA cAn doi cac chirtrng Irong luAn an, co thA' ghep chirang 1 vai chiKrng II. Luan an duoe in An dep, hinh ve, biAu bang, anh chiip dirge trinh bay lAt cAn than. NAi dung cua luAn an dirge NCS cAng bA trAn 3 bai bao dang a Ta|i ehf e:»e Khoa hoc vA Trai dA'f va Tap chf Dia chAt - nhfrng Tap ehf co uy tfn Ion liong nganh, trong mrac va ngoai nirac. Ngoai ra, tac gia eon cAng bo 2 bai bao tren fhAng lin khoa hoc vh Tap chf Dai hoc Hue, Iham gia 01 bao cao lai Moi Ihao Hoa DiiAn thang 4/2001. Cac cAng bo tren co y iighTa khoa hoe va Ihue tiAn, gop phAn vao viec nghiAn cim mAi triiang cua he dfim pha Tam Giang Ck\ Hai. Tom lai, luAn an cua NCS Le XuAn Tai la mot luAn an eo chat hrgng tot. dap frng yAu cau doi vai mot luan an Tien sT dia ehal ca ve noi dung Ian hinh Ihfrc Iheo dieu 20 Quy ehe dao tao sau Dcai hoe cua Bo Giao due \a Dao tao. Tac gia luan an xfrng dang nhAn hoc vj nay. Ran torn lAI luan an phan anh trung thanh noi dung cua luan an. Tiui(iN(;DAi nor MO DIA CHAT /•/a NCn. n^ay 20 th S nam NtJUdi VIET NllAN XK I Xac nhan chft ky hen cua GS, rSKlL Dang Van Beit - can ho gUTU^^r cua Tna/ng (iS.rSKH /1 \.,4ii^r ^ ^ / • ^ / r < - ' M - : i*i''^ UG •p •: ^ y/r.'//y: Dnno Van Hnf 200'^ NHAN XET BAN THAO LUAN AN TIEN SY De tai: Dac diem dja hoa tram ticli va moi truang nuoc ciia he dam pha Taiii Giang-Cau Hai, Thua Thien - Hue ChuyAn nganh: Thach hoc-Khoang hoc-Trfim tfeh hoc Ma so: 1-06-03 Cua NghiAn euu sinh LA Xuan Tai 1. De ii\\ luan an va ma so chuyen nganh Nirae la, vai chiAu dai ba bicn gAn 3 000 km co rA't nliiAu dAm pha vai ipii mo va diAn tfch rAt khac nhau. He dAm pha Tam Giang-CAu llai la mot trong nhfrng hA dam pha co dicn tfch Ian nliA't (gAn 220 km2) va la lagun diAn hinh Irong hA ihAng lagun ven bet cna ViAt Nam. Vai hA sinh thai dAm pha rAt dac Irirng, gAn liAii vai mot cong dong dAn cir dong due cua gAn 300 lang thuAc eae luiycn Qiu'uig DiAn, Ihrcrng Tra, Phfi Vang, Phfi Loc, be dfim pha 'lam Giang —CAu Hai dong mot vai fro khAng nho trong qua Irinh phal IriAn kinb lA — xa hoi chTic chan khong phai chi liAng doi vai Thira IbiAn-HuA. Nghien ciru he dfim pha trong moi tirang tac da dang va plifie tap gifra bicn va lue dja la van dA rA't ly thii vA mat khoa hoc, dong thai co y nghia Ihiel thire trong vice khai thac va sir diing hgp ly tai nguyAn thien nhiAn va bao ve moi tiuang. VI vAy co the noi de tai da ebon dung hirang, vira c6) y nglna khoa hoc va Ihili cap thiet Irong thire tiAn eiia chuyAn nganh ihaeh hockhoang hoe va tram Ifeh hoe vira mang tfnh xa hoi-nhan \'an vira mang Ifnh irng dung cao Irong bao vc moi trirang va phat trien ben vung. DA lai luan an phu hgp vai ma so cua chuyen nganh. 2. Van de Iriing lap ciia de lai luan an, ket qua nghien euu va ket luan ( h o den nay da eo mot so cong trinh khoa hoc nghien efru vc he dfim pha lam (Jiang (Tin Mai, ke ea mot so cong trinh hgp \nc v6i\ nirac ng(^ai nhu: Vo Van Dal va luik, 1982; Nguyen Mfm Cir, 1993; 1996; NguyAn Dfre C\rc^NguyAn Ihi PluK^ng Hoa, 199."), NguyAn Chu Moi va nnk, 1996; NguyAn Van Hgp, 1999, va dir an nghiAn ciru dfim pha Viet —Phap v.v.. Tuy nhiAn nhfrng nghien eirii vA eae cpia trinh dia ehal, dia hoa liAni Ifch day ba\ \'A dia boa mAi tnrang nirac cua he d^m pha nay thl con ft va chira sau. De tai hum an vai nhfrng muc liAu cu thA nhir (i) lAp lai lich su b l n h thanh cua he drim pha,(ii) xac lAp dac diAm trAm tfch cua he dfim pha va ( i i i ) xac lap dae diem dia hoa moi Inrang nuac cua he dAm pha trong su chi phoi ciia cac dicu kien lir nhiAn, la mot hirArng di mori, cu the b a n , sAu ban vA mat dia chat kel hgp nhuAn nhuvAn vai nhfrng nghiAn curu vA m o i truofng vl vAy k h o n g t i l i n g laj^ vai cac cong Irlnh da dirge cAng bo t i j truac den nay. 3. D o n g gop eiia l u a n an c h o ITnh vire k h o a hoc c h u y e n n g a n h LuAn an gom 6 clurang, phAn m a dAu va ket luan, trong do nAi dung ehfnh dirge Irlnh bay a clurang 3, clurang 4 , chirang 5 va chirofng 6. VA dia boa tiAm ifch day cua he dAm pha Tam Giang-Cfiu H a i : lac gia da dA cAp (lA'n dAy du cac yen to ca ly, thanh phfin khoang vat, dac diem dia boa, thanh phAn hfru ca va cac chA't dinh dirang cua lap IrAm tfch hiAn dai Irong he dAm phfi de cpia (h) eo dirge nhfrng nhan dinh vA ngiion eiing cap vai lien IrAm Ifeh efing nhir xae dinh dirge diAu kiAti m o i Inrang cung nhu moi liAn (|uan gifra IrAm Ifeh va sir phAn bA' cna he dong thire vAt day. Day ha mot trong nhung kcl c|ua c]iian trong ci'ia liian an, gop phfin vao vice nghiAn efm dia chAt moi Inrang he dfim pha noi cluing va dfim pha T a m (Liiang — CAu hai noi riAng. Dia hoa moi tnrang nirac cua hA dAm pha, vai cac chi liAu nghien eiin g o m nhiAt do, dA man, do due, cac chi so sinh hoa, chat d i n h dirang va eae nguyAn to k i m loai nang, dirge danh gia kha chi tict. Dac biet vai kel cpia nghiAn efru sir bien d o i m o i tnrang nirac, su bien d o n g cua he sinh thai a he dfim pha do cac cira bien m a i m a sau Iran lut lich sir thang 1 1 nam 1999, la mot (long gop cua nhung ngiiai lam cong tac khoa hoc cho cac nha hoaeh dinh ehfnh sach a dia phuang trong cong viec bao ve m o i t n r a n g , bao ve va din gifr lai nguyAn ihiAn nhiAn a khu vuc nay. LuAn an dirge xAy d u n g trAn c a sa mot kho'i lirgng lai lieu kha Ian trong khiiAn kho hop lac nghien efru he dfim pha vai Cong Moa Phap. V a i nhfuig kAl (|na da dai dirge vA dac diem dia hoa m o i tnrang tram tfch day, la m o i Inrang kluV yen, co chA do d i n h dirang kha cao va gfin nhir chira co bicn hien A nhicm k i m loai nang, ngoai Irir nguyen to d o n g , cfmg n h u nhfrng ket qn;i trong nghien efru eae yen to thuy dia boa moi tnrang cua he dfim pha trong moi lirirng tac gifra hai nguon nirac bicn va nirae ngot, gifra bien \ a da'l liAn, va ket qua vA hicn trang m o i tnrang nirae a dAy la nhfrng thanh luii dfiu l i e n , kha ehi tict vA Hnli vire nay, gop phfin lam sang to qui lual bien doi eua moi Inrang mrac theo k h o n g gian va thai gian. Qua nhfrng kel qua quan tnlc eua minh tac gia ci1ng da nhAn tliAy rAng: nha co cac ct^ra biAn m a i dirge m a ra, hrgng mrac biAn vao dAm pha tang len, do vAy tao plui du trong loan he dfim pha fang lAn, d o n g vat phi:i du tang lAn, dong vAt day phat IriAn ca vA thanh phAn loai va mAt do. DAy la nhung ket qua rat dang ghi nhAn, se gop phfin t i g gifip cho nhfrng chuang t r i n h , d u an dfiu t u phat triAn hgp ly m o i tnrang dfim pha ven biAn noi chung va dAm pha Tam Giang — CAu Hai noi riAng, gop phAn sir d i m g hgp ly va bao vA hA sinh thai cua dAm pha, bao vc m o i tnrang. Vice Xck lap lich sir l i l n h thanh he dam pha T a m Giang-Cfiu Hai gfm liAn vai lieh sir hinh thanh cua dong bAng TliiJa TliiAn -Hue g o m 3 giai doan tir PIcistocen thugiig den bet Holocen cfmg la mot trong n h u n g ket qua m a i va CO y ngliTa cua luan an. VA ITnh virc nay cho den nay chi m a i co nhfrng cong bo cua NguyAn Hfru Cir trAn c a sa nhung nghiAn ciru vA F o r a m i n i f c i a a dfim (Yin l l a i . ViAc manh dan dua ra nhfuig quan d i e m , nhfrng giai phap vA van dA khai Ihac, sir dung hgp ly lai nguyAn va m o i tnrang a he dAm pha T a m Giang-CYiu l l a i IrAn c a sa nghiAn ciru, danh gia nhfrng nguyAn nhan c a ban anh hir(Vng dAn mAi Inrang va sau k h i da co nhfrng kA't qua nghiAn efru vA dia chA't, dia hoa mAi tnrang nirac, mAi tnrang irfim Ifch day he dfim pha cfmg la mot ihanh cAiig ciia luAn an, du rang m a i ehi dirng lai a nhung dA xiiAl mang tfnh chuyAn nganh. 4. Ve eae cong t i i n h da c o n g bo Tac gi;i da cong bo 7 cong trinh trAn cac tap chf chuyAn nganh, trong dc) ec) 2 cAng trinh dang IrAn tap chf Khoa hoc cua Dai hoc I h i e , eon lai la dang trAn tap chf Cac khoa hoc vA Irai dat va tap chf D i a chat, la nhung lap chf dfiu nganh eiia ca mrac. NAi dung cac bai bao da phan anh dung n h u n g ket qua nghien efru ma lac gia da cung cac dAng nghicp lliirc h i c n va Ihu dirge Irong c|iia Irlnh lam InAn an va tham gia trong dir an nghiAn efru hA dfim pha ViAt- I^hap. 5. N h u n g n i l d i e m \i\ n h u n g f h i e i i sot ciia l u a n an LuAn van bo cue chat ehe, co tfnh khoa hoc, van phong mach lac, blnh anh minh boa ro rang. Cac ket luan dfiy d i i , nAu bat dirge nhfrng kcl (|iKi ehfnh. Tuy nhiAn vAn con dAi chA co nhfrng lAi in An. Nhung thieu sot IU^y hoan loan khAng anh hirang dAn noi dung va chA't Iirgng cua luAn an. Han tom lAt luAn an gAn gon, chat ehe, lam noi bat dugc nhung noi dung ehfnh cua luAii an. Tai liAu Iham khao phu hgp va\ noi dung cija luAn an va tirang doi cAp nhAt. 6. Ket luan LuAn an dap frng dirge vA nAi dung va hinh tlurc cua LuAn an tie'n sy. f)A nghi eho phcp bao ve tnrac Hoi dAng chA'm luan an cAp nha nirac. Ha NAi, ngay 26 ihnag 8 nam 2002 Ngirui nhan xet TSLA71ii Lai Vien f)ia chat Trung tAm Khoa hoc 7ir nhiAn va Cong nghe Quoc gia VJU\]G PMON(? OI!/\M I,-) ]'))\0 U(/p Danh muc cac kv hieu va cac chfr viet ffit 1. TG-CH Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai 2. TTH ThiJa TliiAn Hue 3. DO Oxi hoa tan 4. COD Oxi hoa hoc 5. BOD, Oxi sinh boa 6. Ch/c Carbon hfru ca 7. Pis Phot pho long so 8. Pdt Phot pho dA Ian 9. N Nita DANH MUC CAC BANG Bang2T Ty trong lugng nura cua cac th5i ky so vai lirctng nura nam Bang 2.2 Lirgng mua nhung nam cao nhat a mot so vung Bang 2.3 Mot so dgt khong mua va mua Ic^n dac biel Bang 2.4 Dac trung dong chay (trung binh nhiAu nam) eua cac song do vao he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai Bang 2.5: Sir phan phoi lugng dong chay theo mua a mot so tram lluigc cac song a TliiJa TliiAn Hue Bang 4.1: Ciic dac trung M d va So cua trfini tfch bgt nho Bang 4.2: Ham Iirgng cac khoang vat nang trong Irfim Ifch va Irong phfin nang Bang 4.3: Lirgng bun cat do cac song d6 vao he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai hang nam Bang 4.4: Lirgng bun cat tu cac con bai dua vao he dfim pha lain Giang criu Hai hang nam Being 4.5 Ham lirgng dong (Cu) trong tram tfch (n x 10"^ %) Bang 4.6 Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai phau dicn 1 Being 4.7 Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai phfiu dicn 2 Bang 4.8 Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai phAu dien 3 Bang 4.9 Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai phfiu dicn 4 Bang 4.10 Ciic dac trung ca hoc cua loai phAu dicn 5 Bang 4. I I Ciie dae trung ca hoc ciia locii phAu dien 6 Bang 4.12 Ciic dac trung ca hoc cua loai phAu dien 7 Being 4.13 p l l Irung blnh ciia Irfim Ifeh Bang4T4: So sanh pH eiia trfim tfeh tfing mat a cac dfim pha MiAn Trung Bang 4.15 Mfim lugng trung blnh (%) ciia Fe va Mn trong trfim Ifeh Bang 4.16: So sanh li so Fe'^VFc^'*' trong Irfim tfeh tfing mat a ciie dfun phii Mien Trung Bang 4.17: Hiim lugng S04'^ trung blnh Irong trfim tfeh ciia he dfim phii Bang 4.18: Hi'mi lirc^ng C h/c (%) trung binh irong tri'im Ifeii day ena he di'ini pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai Bang 4.19: So sanh ham lirgng (%) C h/c trong trfim tfch tfing mal a ciie diim pha MiAn Trung Bang 4.20 Bang 4.21 Bang 4.22 Ham lugng phot pho (%) trung blnh a cac dfim phii Ham lirgng trung blnh cac nguyAn to trong trfim tfch day (%) Ham lugng kim loai nang (%) trung blnh trong trfim tfch ciia he dAm pha Bang 4.23: So sanh ham Iirgng k i m loai nang vfn chi tlAu chat lirgng moi tnrang trAm tfchcua Canada Bang 4.24: Ham lugng (%) trung blnh tAng a cac dfim pha Bang 5.1: Do man trung blnh nam va mija cua nucjfc a cac dfim pha ( "/,,(, ) (S(")' lieu diAu tra tu thang 5/1998 den thang 10/1999) Being 5.2: Do pH trung blnh nam va mua cua nirfyc a cac dfim pha (So lieu diAu Ira lirtluing 5/1998 den Ihang 10/1999) Bang 5.3: Do due Irung blnh theo mija, nam a cac di1ni plui (mg/1) (So lieu dieu tra tir thang 5/1998 den thang 10/1999) Bang 5.4: DO trung blnh nam va mija ciia nu6c a cac dilni pha (So lieu dien Ira tu thiing 5/1998 den thang 10/1999) B;'mg5.5: Ma trail tirang quan eiia cac yeu to moi Iruong nirc'ie (V he dam phii Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai (nam 1999) Bang 5.6: lli^m lugng trung blnh ciia cac nguyAn to kim loai iiiliig trong nuac a cac dAm pha (thang 10 - 1999) Bang 5.7 Bang so sanh do di.ic trung blnh (mg/1) ti^r 1993 den nay Biing 5.8 Bang 5.9 Biing so siinh pH ciia nuac a cac nam Biing so Siinh DO ciia nuac tnrac vfi sau ma eira (1999) Bi'mg5.IO: Biing so Siinh he so tuctng quan (r^^) gifra efie chi liAii moi truong lurac tnrac va sau khi ma cac cira biAn nam 1999 Bang 5.1 I: Ma Iran tuctng quan ciia ciic yen to moi tnrang nirae a he dfim phii Tam Giang - Ci1u Hai (nam 2000) Biing 5.1 2: Siui Iirgng khai thac tlui} san a he di1m plui (bm) Biing 5.13: Siin Iirgng khai thiie mot so \o'd\ giong (V he (b1m pha lain Giiuig Cfiu Hai tnrac va sau ma cac eua bicii thiing 1 1 - 1999 (eon/xeo)