Tài liệu Các yếu tố ngôn ngữ trong đàm phán thương mại quốc tế (anh việt đối chiếu)

I)y>l IKM: OlJO(^ V,lj\ Ui\ i\OI r«i)rti\(; 1)11 H(M I4II0/I nor \ \ iioi & MIAN vi^ ^<,lJYll^ xijylix Tncii>i IRON« n\M IMIy\\ TllirOlVi; MAI (HIOC lit (yllVH Villi 1)01 CHIitu) CIHIVI'MX ^'<;AIMI: LV i v \ \ i\<;oi\ \'(;i7 IMA SO : 5.0 l.(»J! in)o\(; nvi\ KIIOV urn (;s rsuii. i\<;rvilA i.vi . i i s . l\<;|lvll^' iif'i) i)/\j' r~" V-L^/^99 llyl M)l iOOl Bang ky hieu va vie't tat 1. DA'u (^0 dm a phia tren, diiu cAu vi du: vi du c6 linh bA'l tlurang 2. COMP (Complement): 6 trdng phu 3. CP (Cooperation Principle): iiguyen tAc cong tac hoi thoai 4. CTCiT: chu the giao tiep 5. DN: di^n ngon 6. DNDP: di6n ngon dam phan 7. DP: dam phiin 8. f)P-TMQT: dam phan thirong mai quoc le 9. DTGT: doi tuang giao liep lO.DTNV: dai tir nghi vA'n I l.FTA (Face Threatening Act): hanh vi de doa (he dien 12.HH&DV: Hang hoa va dich vu l3.HVH:hanh vi hoi 14.IlVK:hanh vike 15. IFID (Illucutionary Force bidicating Device): phuang lien bieu Ihi lire ngon trung/ hieu lire a lai. 16. INFL (Inflection): 6 trong gianh cho tac tir 17. LS: yen to danh dA'u lich su 18. NCGT: ngir canh giao tiep 19.NV(n^: nliAn vAt giao tiep 20. PN : phat ngon 2I.PNFI: phat ngon hoi 22. PNKL: phat ngon khuyen lenh 23.PN7'L: phat ngon tra lai 24. SM: sue manh 25.TGD: tien gia dinh 26. vd.: VI du MIJC: LIJC CIJA U]i\?< /IIV !. Tinii cAp thiet va y ngliTa ciia d6 tai 1 2. Cai moi cua d^ tai 1 3. Doi tuang va muc tieu nghien ci'iu ciia de tai 2 3.1. f)6i tuang nghien ci'ni cua de tai 4 3.2. Muc tieu nghien ciiu cua de tai 4 4. Pham vi nghien ci'in de tai 5 5. Phuc^ng phap nghien cuu de tai 5 5.1, Ve qnan diem (phuttng phap luAn) 5 5.2. Phircfng phap nghien cuu cu the 7 6. Bo cue eiia luan an ChUdrig 1: Co so ly luan cua luan dn X g 1.1. Fy ihuvet giao tiep () 1.2. Chu the cua qua trinh giao tiep I2 1.2.1. Luac do (schemata) j2 1.2.2. Niian tln'rc ve the dien I3 1.2.3. Nhan thi're v6 doi lac: lien mic- liCn gia dinh 13 1.3. Ngu canh giao liep I7 1.3.1. Khai nicm ngii' canh tlnh hno'ng 17 1.3.2. Ngu' canh giao tiep cheo van hoa 19 1.3.3. Bien the ngon ngu 21 1.4. Ca che vl mo cua dien ngon 2^ 1.4.1. Truong dicMi ngon 11^ 1.4.1.1. Fhuong mai (]iinc te va boat dong djun phan 7,4 1.4.1.2. D P - T M y r v ; , ly thuyet Iro ehoi 75 1.4.1.3. (Yic ban che cua thnyet banh vi ngon ngu y^ IV 1.4.1.4. Nguyen lAc cong lac boi Iboai 1.4.1.5. Tnrang va maeb lac dien ngon 1.4.2. Phuang thuc di^n ngon -^^^ 31 32 1.4.2.1. Phat ngon-CAu 32 1.4.2.2. Van ban- di§n ngon ^^ 1.4.2.3. Piiong each va phong each chuc nang 35 1.4.3. Kbong kbf di6n ngon 36 1.4.3.1. Lai ich 36 1.4.3.2. Sucmanb 37 1.4.3.3. Lira ebon chien luge dam pban 38 1.5. Co die vi mo cua di6n ngon 40 1.5.1. Cache tAng bac 40 1.5.2. Cache tuyen tfnb 40 1.5.3. Cacb^^pbam trii 41 1.5.3.1. Cung va can 41 1.5.3.2. Hanh vi ke% Hanh vi hoi 42 1.5.3.3. Tuang lac-Xuyen tboai-Trao dap-Tbain tboai 43 1.5.3.4. Giao dicb-Tuang lac 44 1.6. Ket luan chuang 1 45 C h u o n g 2 : Co che t a o n g t d c cua d i e n n g o n DP-TMQT hay la dien n g o n DP-TMQT n h i n tOf cap do vF m o : c a p do g i a o t i e p 2.1. Tnrang diin ngon DP-TMQT 2.1.1. Chu de dien ngon DP-TMQT 4^^ 46 46 2.1.1.1. ChnAn hi noi dung cbn de 46 2.1.1.2. Pbam vi npi dung dugc cluuln bj: khnng chu de 47 2.1.1.3. Truang va chu de diSn ngon 50 2.1.2. Tac dong cua irirang len cAiu true ibam Iboai 52 2.1.2.1. Dan vi cua truang: boi dam pban 52 2.1.2.2. DA'u An cua su chuAln hi lien Ibam thoai dam plian 53 2.1.3. Bien to ciia trudng 55 2.1.3.1. Cac dai tir nhAn xirng trong DNDP noi bo 55 2.1.3.2. Cae dai tir nhAn xirng trong DNDP quoc te 58 2.1.3.3. Ty le cac kieu loai PN trong DNDP noi bo 58 2.1.3.4. Ty le cac kieu loai PN trong DNDP quoc te 60 2.1.4. Hang so cua truang .' 61 2.1.4.I.Ty letbuAt ngu: 61 2.1.4.2. Do dai cua PN trong DNDP: 65 2. 2. Phuang tbirc diln ngon DP-TMQT 2.2.1. CAu ti-iic dien ngon DP-TMQT 66 66 2.2.1.1. Can true tong the dien ngon dam pban 66 2.2.1.2. Can triic cua mot xuyen thoai 71 2. 2.2. Cac dac diem cu phap 75 2.2.2.1. Cac dac diem cu phap DNDP tieng Anh 75 2.2.2.2. Cac dac diem cu phap DNDP tieng Viet 76 2.2.2.3. Cac PN hi dong trong DNDP tieng Anh 77 2.2.2.4. Cae PN bi dong trong DNDP tieng Viet 78 2.2.3. Cac dac diem ve ti^r ngu 79 2.2.4. NhAn xet chung ve phuang ihirc DNDP 81 2.3. Kbong kbf dien ngon DP-TMQT 83 2.3.1. Quan be trong dam pban 83 2.3.2. Thai do doi vai nguai nghe (cir toa) 85 2.3.2. F Sir dung yen to danb dA'u lich su please, xin: 85 2.3.2.2. Sir dung nguAn lire f ngliTa tfcb cue cua li^r 88 2.3.2.3. Sir dung nguon lire cac lirgng tir ban dinh (quantiliers) 89 2.3.2.4. Su dung nguon lire i\x luib thai 91 2.3.3. Thai dp cua nguai noi doi vdi thong diep 94 2.3.3.1. Sir dung cac yen to che chAn (hedges) 94 2.3.3.2. Sir dung thi qua khir tinb thai (modal past) 95 Vi 2.3.3.3. Sudung tb^ tiep dien 96 2.3.3.4. Sir dung blnb tbi'rc phat vA'n va so sanh ban 97 2.3.4. Y dinh nguai noi 98 2.3.4.1. Hanii vi ngon ngu gian liep (indirect speech act) ^^ 2.3.-4.2. Ham y hoi ihoai (coversational implicature) '*^'^^ 2.3.4.3. I lam y qny \Hic (conventional implicature) 2.4. Ket luAn chuang 2 '^'^ ^^^^ Chiiong 3: Co che giao dich cua dien ngon HP-TMUl hay la dien ngon DF-IMOT nhin tCT cap do vi m o : c u n g - c d u t h o n g t i n , hang hod vd djch vu 107 3.1. Co che doi hoi thong tin true tiep 3.1.1. Cac PNH t6ngquat (PNH c6/kh6ng) 3T.1.1. Cac dac diem cua PNFI tdng quat '^^^ '^^^ 3.1.1.2. NhAn xet ^ '^ 3.1.2. Cae PNH CO DTNV ^^4 3.1.2.1. PNHC6M7/.// *'^ 3.1.2.2. PNHc()/?rMi' '^'^ 3.1.2.3. Cac PNH eo DTNV kbae '^^' 3.1.2.4. NhAn xet '^^ 3.1.3. Cac PNH khuyen lenh '^'^ 3.1.3.1. Yen cfiu cung cap bang boa. dich vu 3.1.3.2. Yen cfiu cung cap ibong tin ^-^ 3.1.3.3. Cae PNHKLvaFTA ^^^ 3.1.3.4. Nhan xet ve PNKL tieng Anh va tieng Viet Irong DNDP ^^^ 3.2. Ca die doi boi thong tin gian tiep 3.2.1. Cac PNH de ngbi 135 136 3.2.1.1. PNH lasumem hoa PNH khuyen lenh '37 3.2.1.2. PNH la su mem boa PNH c6/khong (PNH lira ebon) ' 37 Vl 3.2.1.3. PNH la su mem boa PNH eo DTNV 1 ^8 3.2.2. PNH tiAn tbuAt 140 3.2.3. NhAn xet ebung ve ca che gian tiep trong DNDi^ 142 3.3. Ve cung Irong dien ngon DP-TMQT 3.3.1. Cung cAu hang hoa, dich vu 144 145 3.3.1.1. Kbi cAu la mot de ngbi hay menh lenb 145 3.3.1.2. Thuc bien menh lenh, yen eSu 147 3.3.1.3. Tir ehoi thuc bien menh lenb, yen cAu 147 3.3.2. Cung-cfiu thong tin 148 3.3.2.1. Kbi ve cung la mot nhAn dinh 149 3.3.2.2. Tra lai vao diem hoi 151 3.3.2.3. Tra lai "Co, VAng, Dong y" 155 3.3.2.4. Tra lai "Kbong, kbong dong y" 155 3.3.2.5. Kbong noi "eo", kbong noi "kbong" 156 3.3.2.6. Thai dp chira quyet 157 3.3.3. Tra 15i ma kbong tra I5i (Khirac tii tra lai) 3.4. Ket luAn chuang 3 158 160 ChUOng 4: Mot so' tham bien van hod thUbng hay duoc nhdc den trong giao tiep Dong-Tdy vd trUdng hop dien ngon DP-TMQT (tieng Anh vd tieng Viet) 162 4.1. Thien hir6ng ea nhAn - thien hu6ng lap the 1^2 4.2. Thien birang canh tranh- thien hirang cong tac l^-'^ 4.3. Tu duy tuyen tfnb- tu duy vong veo If^^ 4.4. Cac chien luge giao tiep true tiep-gian tiep ^71 4.4.1. PhAn loai cac PNH theo hieu lue a lai gian tiep 171 4.4.1.1. PNH dinh hirang 171 4.4.1.2. PNH kbong dbib huang 172 4.4.1.3. PNH trnib bay thong tin 172 VIII 4.4.1.4. I^NH kieh ihicb suy ngliT 173 4.4.1.5. PNH ki'ch tbich ra quycl dinh 174 4.4.1.6. PNH (lAn dm 174 4.4.1.7. PNH xo xien 175 .4.4.2. Bieu thi s u d o n g y mot each true tiep 175 4.4.3. Bieu thi su kbong dong tlnh mot each true tiep 176 4.5. Hnib thuc - noi dung 177 4.5.1. P N T L " C 6 , VAng" 178 4.5.2. PNTL "Kbong" 179 4.6. Lich sudirctng tinh- lich su Am tfnb 182 4.6.1. Trinb bay vA'n de dirai dang thuc PNH de ngbi 183 4.6.2. IFID "de ngbi" trong tieng Viet 184 4.7. Tfnb trang trong - xuoiig xa 1 85 4.8. Ket luAn chuang 4 188 FIIAIV Kill U]i\?i 1. Cac van de da de cAp trong In An an 1 ^*^ 2. Ve xAy dung elurang ti nib, giao trnib giang day ngoai iigir a cae truang dai hpc cliuyen ngCr a Vict nam 3. Kien ngbi cac npi dung nghien cuu va dao tao Tdi lieu t h a m k h d o Phu lue 1^2 1 ^)5 IX Cdc b a n g , b i e u do vd hinh ve t r o n g ludn d n Phan nurdaii Hinh 0.1: Ma ngon ngu Irong dam phan 2 Hlnh 0.2: Quan diem cua Nguyen Lai 6 Hinh 0.3: Quan iiiem cua Chomsky 6 Hnili 1.1: Sa dO giao tiep cua Aristotle 9 Hinli 1.2: Cac kluiynb huang ngon ngCr hpc the ki XX 10 I luih 1.3: Qua ti nib giao liep 1 I Ilinb 1.4: Cac hinh anh cua NVGT 13 ilinh 1.5: FTA va vf du minli boa 14 Minh 1.6: TAp bap lien gia dinh 16 Hinh 1.7: Mo buib diSn ngon 20 Hinh 1.8: Van boa 21 IFinh 1.9: Su pbAn biet giua nguai sir dung va su su dung ngon ngir 22 Hlnh 1.10: Kha nang dung phap ngon ngu va xa boi 27 Hlnh 1.1 I: So sanh he lliuAt ngu cua Austin va Searle 29 Flinh 1.12: Maeb lac dien ngon 31 Hiiib 1.13: Cae hlnh tbilc sue manh 37 Hlnh 1.14: Cac Ibiet che sue manh 38 Hlnh 1.15: Ma trAn lira ebon chien luac dam phan 39 Hinb 1.16: Cache Ifing bae trong dien ngon 40 Ilinb 1.17: Quan diem cua Cook ve dien ngon 41 Hlnh 1.18: So do duic nang lai noi 42 Hinb 1.I9' SuphAnbiel HVK va HVII 43 (riuiong 1 Chmrng 2 Bang 2.1: Danb mue cae van de dam phan 48 Hlnh 2.2: Khuug chu de 49 Hlnh 2.3: Can ink dien tiiiih dam pban 52 Hlnh 2.4: Ty le dai lir nhan xuiig tren tong so PN 56 Hlnh 2.5: Bien thien ti le % tOng so dai Ur tren long so PN (ngir lieu F8) 57 Hlnh 2.6: Bien thien ty le % long so dai tu titn tong so PN (ngu lieu F9; 57 Bang 2.7: Ty le cac kieu loai PN tren F8 59 Bang 2.8: Ty le cac kieu loai PN tren F9 59 Bang 2.9: Ty le trung blub cae kie\i loai PN tren F8 va F9 60 Hlnh 2.10: Ty le cac kieu loai PN Iren Fl 60 Hlnh 2.11: Ty le tbuAt ngu tren Icing so ti^r tren ngu lieu bat ky tren Fl 0 61 Hlnh 2.12: Bien thien ty le % thuAl ngir tren tong so ti^r tren ngu lieu F8 64 Hinh 2.13: Bien thien ty le % IhuAt ngu Iren long so tij' tren ngir lieu F9 64 Hlnh 2.14: Mo hlnh cac xuyen thoai irong dien ngon dam phan 69 Hlnh 2.15: CAu true cua mot episode 73 Bang 2.16: Ty le cac kidu loai PN trong DNDP tieng Anh (F4) 75 Bang 2.17 : Cae kieu loai PN trong eac tham thoai tieng Viei (Fl) 76 Bang 2.18: Ty le cac kieu loai PN Irong cac tham thoai tieng Viet ( F4) 76 Bang 2.19: Ty le eac PN bi dong trong cae ibam thoai tieng Anh 77 Hlnh 2.20: Phuang thuc dien ngon 83 Hlnh 2.21: Cae phuang phap dam phan. 84 Hlnh 2.22: He thong cac kieu llnb thai trong tieng Viet 92 I Iinli 3.1: Cae hlnh thuc cua cAu khien. 107 Hlnh 3.2: Hlnh thai PN 109 Hlnh 3.3: Cac llianh to trong can true sAu cua PN 1 10 Hinh 3.4: Tac tuchuyen dong "ra tien tuyen" Chiirmg 3 XI Hlnh 3.5: CAu true sAu mot PNH c6 DTNV vai cac thanh to a nguyen vi. 114 Hlnh 3.6: CAu true mat vai cac vet tfch cua sir di chuyen 1 I5 Hlnh 3.7: Sa do chuc nang lai noi va boi dap. 144 Chuang 4 1 linh 4.1: Bang 4.2 : I Huh llnrc va noi dung Ty le % cac kieu loai PN trong cac tham thoai tieng Anh va tieng Viet (ngu lieu Fl) Bang 4.3 : 177 187 IV le % cac kieu loai PN trong eac tham thoai tieng Anh \'a tieng Viet (ngu lieu F"4) 187 PHANMODAU 1. Tfnb cap t h i e t vd y nghta cua de tdi Dam pban tbuang mai quoc te (DP-TMQT) la mot boat dong giao tie'p Ihiran mai kbong the thien doi vai mpi quoc gia, dac biet de)'i vai Viet nam, mot quoc gia v( n^n kinb te' ma va vai mong muon lilm ban v6i tA't ca cac nu6c, mong muo'n thu but del tu nuac ngoai iibAm tirng buae vung cbAc tien hanh bien dai boa va cong nghiep he nen kinb te dAt nir6c. Nghien cuu va giang day ngoai ngu noi ebung (ngon ngu chuyen nganh iv rieng, trong do eo ngon ngu dam phan) d^ giao tiep kinb te, la mpl doi hoi Ihue te ^ cA'p bach ciia xa hoi doi vai giao due, dae biet doi vai cac trung lAm dao tao va nghit cuu cbA't lugng cao, cae nha bien soan, cai tien chuang trlnb, giao trinh. Muc die chung la kbong chi day cai ma ta dang c6 ma eon day cai xa hoi cAn. The giai da c6 bang loat cae eong trlnb nghien cuu dam pban (DP) ti^r goe dp I thuAt nghiep vu kinb te doi ngoai, song chua c6 mot cong tiinh hoan cbinb nao tiep c; dam phan lir goc dp ngu bpc. Cac tiep cAn ve diSn ngon dam phan (DNDP) chi a mi do le te, dirdi hlnh thuc mot vai nban xet cua cae tac gia nhAn dang ban mot van ( chinb nao do kbae hoac dudi dang cac dam pban inAu phuc vu cho ky thuAl dam phan DAy la cong trlnb ngon ngu hpc. khong phai mpl cong trinh ve nghiep vu da phan, nhung cae ket qua nghien cuu c6 tb<^ dirge vAn dung trong tang cirdng ky thu nghiep vu DP-TMQT. 2 . Cdi m d l cua de tdi Ve ly luan, luAn an dira ra mpl kbung ly thuyet mai, xem xet DNDP tren ea 1 binh dien vT mo (trong tuang tac vai ngu canh) va vi mo (trong to chuc npi lai DN), tfnb den dac diem chuyen mon va van boa cua CTGT va DTGT. Ve mien td ngon ng luAn an mo hlnh boa cifu true DNDP (Tuang tac-Xuyen tboai-Trao dap-Tham tho; Hanh vi), cae dac diem ve truang. tluie va kbong kbf DN, ca che cung c;1u thong t bang boa, dich vu (HH&DV) trong to ehue npi bp qua trinh dien ngon DP-TM( tieng Anh va tieng Viet. Ve doi chien ngon ngn\ luAn an doi chien ngon ngu E TMQT tieng Anh va tieng Viet tren ea sa cae ket qua mieu la va thong ke cA'p 1 (tren ngu lieu dam pban thuc dia). Ve anh huong cna van hod doi vdi DN, luAn an khao sal su chi phoi cua cae cap tham bien van boa noi tieng (ca nhAn-lAp the; lAng bAc-binli dang; true tiep-gian tiep; tu duy tuyen tfnb-tu duy vong veo v.v.) Iren dien ngon DPTMQT vk bac bo kbuynh budng nghien cuu giao tie'p tren ca sd cac dinh kien van hoa. 3. Doi t u o n g vd muc tieu nghien cuTu cua de tdi 3.1. Doi tiioiig nghien ci'in cna de lai Doi tirgng nghien ei'ru long the cua de tai la boat dpng cua cac yen to ngon ngi dudi tac dong cua hgir canh dam pban, iui\ ihong tin dugc Irao dOi vl cac muc lieu Ig nluiAn va quan be. cae nhAn vAl giao tiep boat dpng nbu nhung dai dien cho cac llu che kinb te, va eac nen van boa khae nbau. Cac dac diem nay ciia ngij canh da chi pbo cac dac diem cua dien ngon dam phan. Trong DP-TMQT giiia Viet nam vdi cac nude noi tieng Anh, tieng Anh va tie'n^ Viet la bai ngon ngu dugc su dung ebinh thuc. Noi each kbae, trong dam phan. tienj Anh va tieng Viet la bai ngon ngu binh dang, kbong ngon ngir nao bi coi la ngon ngi pbii tren b^n dam pban. Tie'ng Viet v^ tie'ng Anh lc\ bai phuang tidn 66 gbi nhAn ke qua dam pban. Co the mo hinb boa boat dpng cua tieng Aiuh va tieng Vict tren bar dam pban trong sa d6 sau: Ddu vao ngon ngCr :^ Tieng Viet (NN) Dich Phia Viet Nam Tie'ng Anh (ND) Tuuiig tac I leng Anh (NN) Ddu vao ngon ngu 7K Did Tieng Viet (ND) Phia nude ngoai Hhih 0.1: Ma ng6n ngu Irong datn plvin, (NN-ngfr nguOn, NF3=^ngrr dich) Qua sa do iren, eo the IbA'y (i) mdi ben tham gia dam phan deu sir dung bai lb tieng. tieng Viet va tieng Anh; (ii) mdi ben Ibam gia dam phan deu sir dung tieng m de cua minh lam ngu nguon (NN) va tie'ng me de cua doi tac lam ngfr dicb (ND). K( qua dam phan duac gbi nhAn bfuig tieng me de cua cac ben tham gia: bang tieng Viet va tieng Anh; "ca bai ban (tieng Viet va tieng Anh) cd gia tri ngang nbau" (muc 2, dieu 8, ehirang 7, Hiep dinh tbuang mai song phuang Viet-My, ngfr lieu F7). Ngir lieu nghien cuu cua de tai nay gdm eac ngif lieu dam phan mAu trong cae giao trinh ve ky thuAt dam pban tbuang mai ([80],[89], [128]. [135], [146], [148], v.v.), cae tai lieu giang day tieng Anh giao tiep doanh nghiep va tieng Anh dam phan ([F12|, [F13|,|F14],[F15]). De tai con sir dung cac ngu lieu dam phan thuc dia gdm cac bien ban chi tiet. ehfnb thuc eac eiipe tliEio luan ve quan he ibucfng mai vdi Viet nam ([F8], [F9|. |F10]) da dugc pbfa My xuA't ban. Ben canh, chung loi con sir dung cac ngfr lieu hoi ngbi. Cac ngu lieu boi ngbi la eac ngir lieu song ngu, tieng Anh (NN) va tieng Viet (NN). Chiing toi cd dugc cac tu lieu nay trong qua trinh thu tbAp tai lieu nghien cuu cho de tai, va trong kbi cong tac nbu mot ngudi pbien djch vien bay ngudi bieu dfnb tai lieu ([F1],[F2], [F3], [F4], [F5], [Fl I]). Tuy kbong phai la cae ngu lieu xuA't ban, cac lai lieu hpi ngbi dugc luu hanh ehfnb thuc nbu nhijng tuyen bd. cam ket, nhan dinh. de xuA't v.v. ehfnb thuc cua cac ben tham gia. Cac ngu lieu nay ton tai bAng ca tieng Anh va tieng Vict, nhung khi phAn tfch phuang thuc boat dpng cua DN qua sir dung cae ngu lieu nay, chung toi chi su dung phan ngQ' ngudn cua tai lieu, de dam bao tfnh "nguyen gde" (authenticity) cua ngCr lieu dugc sir diing ebo miie dfeb so sanh doi ehieu. Hoi (tieng Anh, NN): Arc services under any sort of price control? If so, please provide details of (a) the services which are subject to price controls and (b) the form ol the price control applied Chuyen ma (NN duoc dich sang ND): Cac dich vu cd phai chiu bat ky hlnh thuc kieir scat gia nao hay khong? Nen c6, xin de nghi cung cap chi tiet vc (a) cac dich vu phai chiu cat bien phap kiem soat gia va (b) hlnh ihuc kiem soat gia dang duoc ap dung. Tra Idi (tieng Viet, NN): Cat dich vu tai chinh-ngan hang phai cliju cac bien phaf kiem soat gia hao gom (i) Mu L/C (ra chani; (ii) liny dpng tien giii va cho vay; (iii) KinI doanh ngoai (c; (iv) Bao hlnh. Cac hinh (hue kiem soa( gia dugc ap dung bao gom: (I Phi bao lanh mo L/C khong vuiA qua 1% nam gia tri ciia L/C, (ii) Cac trAn lai cho vay ngan ban, fniiig vn dai ban (oi da: lai siin( ng (pia ban; (iii) Khoan chcnli lech giua gia inua va gia ban ngoai (e la 0 , 1 % doi vdi chuyen khoan va 0.5% doi vdi (len ina(; (iv) Doi vdi cac khoan vay, phi hao lanh (oi da la 1%/nani (inh (ren so tien dang con duoc bao lanh. Chuvdn ma (NN duac dich sang ND): Financial banking ser\'ices which arc subject to measures of pricing controls include: (i) Opening Deferred L/C; (ii) Deposit taking and lending: (iii) Foreign currency trading; (iv) Guarantee. Applicable forms of pricing controls include: (i) Guarantee fee for opening L/C shall not exceed 1% peiannum of the L/C value (ii) Top-most ceiling rales for short, medium and long-termed loans, overdue interest rates: (iii) Maximum spread between buying and selling rales in foreign currency irnding is 0.1% for transfeis and 0.5% for cash transactions; (iv) Maximum guarantee fee for loans is 1% per annum of the amount being guaranteed.) Nguon: 1F3: 23] 3.2. M n c tien nghien ciin cua de (ai Muc tieu nghien cuu cua de tai nay gom: (i) nghien cuu cac ca sd ly luan lam nen mdng cho viec tiep can nghien cuu boat dpng cua cac yen id ngon ngu hlnh thanh dien ngon DP-TMQT, mot bien tuang ngon ngu dura cd cdng trlnb nghien cuu nao de cAp. (ii) nghien cuu cac binh dien vT md cua dien ngon D P - T M Q T (tieng Anh va tieng Viet), mo blnb boa cA'u true dien ngon dam phan d cap long ihi va dan vi de tlm ra cae dae diem chung nhA'l cua trudng. thuc va khong kbf chung dien ngon DP-TMQT (iii) nghien ciiu hoal dong cua ca che cung cAu trong dien ngon DP-TMQT. Cu the, nghien ciiu cac hlnh thuc bieu bien c^u ve thong tin trong dam pban (cac loai phat ngdn hoi (PNH) va sir lirang ihfch ciia cac phat ngon tra Idi (PNTL) doi vdi PNH xet ti^r cac binh dien kbae nbau. (iv) nghien cuu boat dong ciia mot sd tham bien van boa tliudng duac nhAc den trong giao tiep Ddng-TAy nliu thien budng ca nbAn-thien budng lAp the, thien hudng cong tac -thien budng canh tranh, v.v. va bieu hien cu the cua cac tham bien nay Ironj dien ngdn DP-TMQT; Cac ket qua nghien cuu cua luAn an cd the dugc ap dung d^ cai lien vice xA] dung chuang trlnb giang day ngoai ngu d cac trudng dai hpc chuyen ngu noi chung v, ngdn ngu dam pban ndi rieng. 4, Pham vi nghien cdu de t d i 4.1. Mac du trong luAn an, chiing tdi cd sir dung cac thanh luu nghien cuu ve 1; thuyet dam phan, dAy la cong trlnb nghien ciiu ve ngdn ngu dam phan, khong phai I cong trinh nghien cuu ve ky ibuAt nghiep vu dam phan. 4.2. Qua trlnb dam pban nao ciing gom 03 giai doan: giai doan chu^n bi, gia doan tien h^nh dam phan va giai doan ky ket (bgp dong, hiep djnb). Giai doan chuAn b cd th^ dugc lien bt^nb bAng cac trao ddi thu tin dudi hlnh thuc ngon ngu thu tfn. Gii. /;/,'///// phat, 01 ihoug (hep dugc truyen dat. va 01 hay nliieu ngudi tie'p }}hdn. Ngudi dAu lien de cAp den qua trlnb giao tiep la Aristotle. Ngi-Tdi phat Thong diep Ngadi nhan Hlnh 1.1: S(nld giao tiep ciia Aristotle (Ngudn: Kinnard [1841) Dd la cat qua trlnb dugc (lido trinh (Saiisurre, |62:33|) iibAc den nbu la su luan cluiven cae (jiui trlnb ma hod va i^idi uid eac tfn hieu giua nhung ngudi sir dung ngdn ngii (tu qua liinb lAm ly sang qua trlnb sinb ly rdi den qua tiinh ibuAn vAt ly Irong ma hoa vn Iruyen tin bieu va ngn(yc lai trong tiej") nhan va giai ma tin hieu). Ly giai ciia Saussure !62| cho thay mai den dfiu the ky XX nhan tluie ve tpui trlnb giao tiep cunu chang viral xa h(tii Aristotle la bao. L1.2. Su ph;ii trien cac kbuynh hudng ngu hpc the ky XX duoc danb dan hang su chuyen hU(''ng ehii v nghien ciiu Itrdni nghia can triic (xem: Bl - Xem thêm -