Tài liệu Operative Techniques in orthopaedic trauma surgery

OPERATIVE TECH N IQUES IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA SURGERY A LS O A VA IL A B LE IN T H IS S E R IE S OPERAT OPER ATIV IV V E TECHN N IQU U ES IN FOOT FO OT A N D AN KLE L S UR RG ERY Ed Editor: Maa rk E. Ea Easl sley Edd it itor-In-Chief Sa Sam m W. W W Wiesel OPERAT OPER ATIVE TECHN N IQU IQUES E IN P DIAT PE TRIC C ORTHOP PAE AED D ICS S Editoo r: Joo hn M. Flynn n Editor-i -inn -Ch Ch h ief Sa Sam m W. Wie iese see l OP PER RATIV V E TECH TECH H N IQU U ES IN SHOU SH O LD LDER A N D E ELB LBO LB OW SUR URGE GERY Edd it i or ors: Ge raldd R. William s & Ma Matt t hew tt w L. L Ram a sey Editt o r-in-Chief Sam W. Wie i see l OPER ER RAT ATIV IVE E TE TECH C N IQU IQUES IN SPO O RTS M OR MED EDICIN IN E SUR RGERY Editor: Maa rk r D. Miller Editor-in -Ch h iee f Sa Sam m W. Wiesell OP O PER ERAT ATIV V E TE TECH CHN IQ U ES S IN ADUL LT RE RECO CONS NSTR TRUC UCTIION N S UR U RGE ERY Y Editor orrs: s Jarvad Paa rv rvizzi & Rich chaard ch a rd H. Rot othm ot m an Editor-in-- Ch Ed Chie ieff Sa S m W. W. W Wie iee sel OPERAT TIV V E TE TECH CHN CH N IQU IQU U ES IN HAN D, WRIST,, A AN N D FOR OREA EAR EA RM S URGE U RG RY R Editor:: Th Thom om m ass R R. Hu Hunt IIII Edd it itor o -in-- Ch Chie iee f Sam Saa m W. W. Wie iese ie s l OPERATIVE TECH N IQUES IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA SURGERY EDITORS Paull T P To rn ett t a III, III M MD D Mat t h ew L. Ram sey, MD Pro fe sso r a n d Vice Ch a irm a n De p a r t m e n t o f Or t h o p ae d ic Surg e r y Dire cto r o f Or t h o p ae d ic Traum a Bosto n Un ive rsit y Me d ica l Ce n te r Bosto n , Massach uset t s Sh o uld e r a n d Elb o w Se r vice Th e Rot h m a n In st it ute Asso ciate Pro fe sso r o f Or t h o p ae d ic Surg e r y Je ffe rso n Me d ica l Co lle g e, Th o m as Je ffe rso n Un ive rsit y Ph ilad e lp h ia, Pe n n sylva n ia Ge rald R. William s, MD Pro fe sso r o f Or t h o p ae d ic Surg e r y Ch ie f, Sh o uld e r a n d Elb o w Se r vice Th e Rot h m a n In st it ute Je ffe rso n Me d ica l Co lle g e, Th o m as Je ffe rso n Un ive rsit y Ph ila d e lp h ia , Pe n n sylva n ia Th o m as R. Hun t III, MD Pro fe sso r o f Surg e r y Jo h n D. Sh e rrill En d o we d Ch a ir o f Ort h o p ae d ic Surg e r y Un ive rsit y o f Ala b a m a Sch o o l o f Me d icin e Birm in g h am , Alab am a Sam W. Wie se l, MD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Pro fe sso r a n d Ch a ir De p a r t m e n t o f Or t h o p ae d ic Surg e r y Ge o rg eto wn Un ive rsit y Me d ica l Sch o o l Wash in g to n , DC Acquisitions Editor: Robert A. H urley Developmental Editor: Grace Caputo, Dovetail Content Solutions Product M anager: Dave M urphy M arketing M anager: Lisa Lawrence M anufacturing M anager: Ben Rivera Design M anager: Doug Smock Compositor: M aryland Composition /ASI Copyright 2011 © 2011 by LIPPIN COTT WILLIAMS & WILKIN S, a WOLTERS KLUWER business Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data O perative techniques in orthopaedic trauma / editors, Paul Tornetta III ... [et al.]. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “ O perative Techniques in O rthopaedic Trauma Surgery provides full-color, step-by-step explanations of all operative procedures in orthopaedic trauma surgery. It contains the chapters on trauma from Sam W. Wiesel’s O perative Techniques in O rthopaedic Surgery. Written by experts from leading institutions around the world, this superbly illustrated volume focuses on mastery of operative techniques and also provides a thorough understanding of how to select the best procedure, how to avoid complications, and what outcomes to expect. The user-friendly format is ideal for quick preoperative review of the steps of a procedure. Each procedure is broken down step by step, with full-color intraoperative photographs and drawings that demonstrate how to perform each technique. Extensive use of bulleted points and tables allows quick and easy reference. Each clinical problem is discussed in the same format: definition, anatomy, physical exams, pathogenesis, natural history, physical findings, imaging and diagnostic studies, differential diagnosis, non-operative management, surgical management, pearls and pitfalls, postoperative care, outcomes, and complications. To ensure that the material fully meets residents' needs, the text was reviewed by a Residency Advisory Board” --Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-4511-0260-4 1. O rthopedic surgery. 2. Bones--Wounds and injuries--Surgery. I. Tornetta, Paul. [DN LM : 1. Fractures, Bone--surgery. 2. Bone and Bones--surgery. 3. Dislocations--surgery. 4. O rthopedic Procedures--methods. 5. Surgical Procedures, O perative--methods. WE 175 O 61 2011] RD732.O 64 2011 617.4'7--dc22 2010023506 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. H owever, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. 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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6 pm, EST. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 De d ica t io n To my mother, Phyllis, who found the best in people, had compassion for all, and whose insight, guidance, and love have always made me believe that anything is possible. —PT To my cherished wife Teri and our four extraordinary children, Thomas, William, Caitlin, and Christopher, for their love and understanding, and especially for their endless supply of smiles, laughter, and fun!—TRH To our wives, Robin and Nancy, and our children, Mark and Alexis and Chelsea, Alex, and Julia. —GRW and MLR CONTENTS Pr e f a ce xiii Re s id e n cy Ad v is o r y Bo a r d xv SECTION I HAND, WRIST AND FOREARM 1 Op e r a t iv e Tr e a t m e n t o f Fin g e r Ca r p o m e t a ca r p a l Jo in t Fra ct u r e -Dis lo ca t io n s Jo h n J. W alsh IV 1 2 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Dia p h y s e a l Fo r e a r m Fr a ct u r e s M ich ae l R. Bo lan d 8 3 Re d u ct io n a n d St a b iliza t io n o f t h e Dis t a l Ra d io u ln a r Jo in t Fo llo w in g Ga le a zzi Fr a ct u r e s M ich ae l R. Bo lan d 2 0 4 K-Wir e Fix a t io n o f Dis t a l Ra d iu s Fr a ct u r e s Wit h a n d Wit h o u t Ex t e r n a l Fix a t io n Ch rist o p h e r Do u m as an d David J. Bo z e n t k a 3 0 5 Ar t h r o s co p ic Re d u ct io n a n d Fix a t io n o f Dis t a l Ra d iu s a n d Uln a r St y lo id Fr a ct u r e s W illiam B. Ge issle r 4 0 6 Vo la r Pla t in g o f Dis t a l Ra d iu s Fr a ct u r e s Jo h n J. Fe rn an d e z 5 1 7 In t r a m e d u lla r y a n d Do r s a l Pla t e Fix a t io n o f Dis t a l Ra d iu s Fr a ct u r e s Pe d ro K. Be re d jik lian an d Ch rist o p h e r Do u m as 6 3 8 Fr a g m e n t -Sp e cif ic Fix a t io n o f Dis t a l Ra d iu s Fr a ct u r e s Ro b e rt J. M e d o f f 7 1 9 Br id g e Pla t in g o f Dis t a l Ra d iu s Fr a ct u r e s Pau l A . M art in e au , Ke vin J. M alo n e , an d Do u g las P. Han e l 8 6 1 0 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Uln a r St y lo id , He a d , a n d M e t a d ia p h y s e a l Fr a ct u r e s To m m y Lin d au an d A n d re w J. Lo g an 92 1 1 Pe r cu t a n e o u s Fix a t io n o f Acu t e Sca p h o id Fr a ct u r e s Pe t e r J. L. Je b so n , Jan e S. Tan , an d A n d re w W o n g 102 1 2 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Sca p h o id Fr a ct u r e s A sh e e sh Be d i an d Pe t e r J. L. Je b so n 109 1 3 Co r r e ct iv e Os t e o t o m y f o r Ra d iu s a n d Uln a Dia p h y s e a l M a lu n io n s Vim ala Ram ach an d ran an d Th o m as F. Vare ck a 117 1 4 Op e r a t iv e Tr e a t m e n t o f Ra d iu s a n d Uln a Dia p h y s e a l No n u n io n s Re n a L. St e w art 124 1 5 Co r r e ct iv e Os t e o t o m y f o r Dis t a l Ra d iu s M a lu n io n David Rin g , Die g o Fe rn an d e z , an d Je sse B. Ju p it e r 130 SECTION II SHOULDER AND ELBOW 1 6 Pla t e Fix a t io n o f Cla v icle Fr a ct u r e s David Rin g an d Je sse B. Ju p it e r 140 1 7 In t r a m e d u lla r y Fix a t io n o f Cla v icle Fr a ct u r e s Brad f o rd S. Tu ck e r, Carl Basam an ia, an d M at t h e w D. Pe p e 144 1 8 Pe r cu t a n e o u s Pin n in g f o r Pr o x im a l Hu m e r u s Fr a ct u r e s Le e sa M . Galat z 154 1 9 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Pr o x im a l Hu m e r u s Fr a ct u r e s M ark T. Dillo n an d David L. Glase r 163 2 0 In t r a m e d u lla r y Fix a t io n o f Pr o x im a l Hu m e r u s Fr a ct u r e s J. De an Co le 172 2 1 He m ia r t h r o p la s t y f o r Pr o x im a l Hu m e r u s Fr a ct u r e s Kam al I. Bo h sali, M ich ae l A . W irt h , an d St e ve n B. Lip p it t 180 2 2 Pla t e Fix a t io n o f Hu m e r a l Sh a f t Fr a ct u r e s M at t h e w J. Garb e rin a an d Ch arle s L. Ge t z 189 2 3 In t r a m e d u lla r y Fix a t io n o f Hu m e r a l Sh a f t Fr a ct u r e s Ph illip Lan g e r an d Ch rist o p h e r T. Bo rn 197 2 4 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f No n a r t icu la r Sca p u la r Fr a ct u r e s Bre t t D. Ow e n s an d Th o m as P. Go ss 206 2 5 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f In t r a -a r t icu la r Sca p u la r Fr a ct u r e s Bre t t D. Ow e n s, Jo an n a G. Bran st e t t e r, an d Th o m as P. Go ss 212 2 6 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Su p r a co n d y la r a n d In t e r co n d y la r Dis t a l Hu m e r u s Fr a ct u r e s Jo aq u in San ch e z -So t e lo 219 2 7 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Ca p it e llu m a n d Ca p it e lla r –Tr o ch le a r Sh e a r Fr a ct u r e s A sif M . Ilyas an d Je sse B. Ju p it e r 227 2 8 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Ra d ia l He a d a n d Ne ck Fr a ct u r e s A n sh u Sin g h , Ge o rg e Fre d e rick Hat ch III, an d Jo h n M . It am u ra 233 2 9 Ra d ia l He a d Re p la ce m e n t Y ish ai Ro se n b lat t an d Grah am J. W . Kin g 242 3 0 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Ole cr a n o n Fr a ct u r e s David Rin g 252 v ii v iii CONTENTS 3 1 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Fr a ct u r e -Dis lo ca t io n s o f t h e Elb o w w it h Co m p le x In s t a b ilit y Ju b in B. Payan d e h an d M ich ae l D. M cKe e 259 3 2 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f M o n t e g g ia Fr a ct u r e s in Ad u lt s M at t h e w L. Ram se y 267 SECTION III PELVIS AND HIP 3 3 Ex t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f t h e Pe lv is St e p h e n Ko t t m e ie r, Jo h n C. P. Flo yd , an d Nich o las Divaris 274 3 4 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f t h e Sy m p h y s is M ich ae l S. H. Kain an d Pau l To rn e t t a III 288 3 5 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f t h e Sa cr o ilia c Jo in t a n d Sa cr u m He n ry Clau d e Sag i 299 3 6 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f t h e Po s t e r io r Wa ll o f t h e Ace t a b u lu m Jo d i Sie g e l an d David C. Te m p le m an 315 3 7 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Fe m o r a l He a d Fr a ct u r e s Darin Frie ss an d Th o m as Ellis 326 3 8 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n a n d Clo s e d Re d u ct io n a n d Pe r cu t a n e o u s Fix a t io n o f Fe m o r a l Ne ck Fr a ct u r e s Brian M u llis an d Je f f A n g le n 333 SECTION IV FEM UR AND KNEE 3 9 Ce p h a lo m e d u lla r y Na ilin g o f t h e Pr o x im a l Fe m u r Th o m as A . Ru sse ll 345 4 0 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Pe r it r o ch a n t e r ic Hip Fr a ct u r e s M at t h e w E. Oe t g e n an d M ich ae l R. Bau m g ae rt n e r 359 4 1 Re t r o g r a d e In t r a m e d u lla r y Na ilin g o f t h e Fe m u r 4 4 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f t h e Pa t e lla J. Be n jam in Sm u ck e r an d Jo h n K. So n t ich 416 4 5 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Bico n d y la r Tib ia l Pla t e a u Fr a ct u r e s To b y M . Risk o an d W illiam M . Ricci 425 4 6 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f La t e r a l Tib ia l Pla t e a u Fr a ct u r e s Ph ilip p Ko b b e an d Han s Ch rist o p h Pap e 434 SECTION V LEG 4 7 Ex t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f t h e Tib ia J. Tracy W at so n 441 4 8 In t r a m e d u lla r y Na ilin g o f t h e Tib ia M ark A . Le e an d Bre t t D. Crist 454 4 9 Fa s cio t o m y o f t h e Le g f o r Acu t e Co m p a r t m e n t Sy n d r o m e Ge o rg e Part al, A n d re w Fu re y, an d Ro b e rt O’To o le 472 SECTION VI FOOT AND ANKLE 5 0 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Pilo n Fr a ct u r e s Co ry Co llin g e an d M ich ae l Prayso n 483 5 1 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f In d ir e ct An k le Fr a ct u r e s Ke n n e t h A . Eg o l 499 5 2 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Ta lu s Fr a ct u r e s David E. Karg e s 509 5 3 Su r g ica l Tr e a t m e n t o f Ca lca n e a l Fr a ct u r e s Jam e s B. Carr 524 5 4 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Lis f r a n c In ju r ie s M ich ae l P. Clare an d Ro y W . San d e rs 536 5 5 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f Jo n e s Fr a ct u r e s W illiam Cre e vy an d Se t h Le vit z 546 Lau ra S. Ph ie f f e r an d Ro n ald Lak at o s 370 4 2 An t e r o g r a d e In t r a m e d u lla r y Na ilin g o f t h e Fe m u r Bru ce H. Ziran , Nat alie L. Talb o o , an d Navid M . Ziran 381 4 3 Op e n Re d u ct io n a n d In t e r n a l Fix a t io n o f t h e Dis t a l Fe m u r A n im e sh A g arw al 394 EXA M TA B LE 1 IN D E X I -1 CONTRIBUTORS Animesh Agarwal, MD Associate Professor of O rthopaedics Chief, Division of O rthopaedic Trauma University of Texas H ealth Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, Texas Jeff Anglen, MD, FACS Professor and Chairman of O rthopaedics Indiana University School of M edicine Indianapolis, Indiana Carl Basamania, MD, FACS The Polyclinic First H ill Seattle, Washington Michael R. Baumgaertner, MD Professor Chief, O rthopaedic Trauma Service Department of O rthopaedics Yale University School of M edicine N ew H aven, Connecticut Asheesh Bedi, MD Assistant Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery University of M ichigan H ealth System Ann Arbor, M ichigan Pedro K. Beredjiklian, MD Associate Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Thomas Jefferson School of M edicine Chief, H and Surgery Division The Rothman Institute Thomas Jefferson School of M edicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Kamal I. Bohsali, MD Attending O rthopaedic Surgeon, Shoulder and Elbow Reconstruction Department of O rthopaedics M emorial H ospital St. Luke’s H ospital St. Vincent’s H ospital Jacksonville, Florida Michael R. Boland, MBChB, FRCS, FRACS Assistant Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery University of Kentucky College of M edicine Lexington, Kentucky Christopher T. Born, MD Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery The Warren Alpert M edical School of Brown University Rhode Island H ospital Providence, Rhode Island David J. Bozentka, MD Associate Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania Chief, O rthopaedic Surgery Penn Presbyterian M edical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Joanna G. Branstetter, MD O rthopaedic Surgeon M adigan Army M edical Center San Antonio, Texas James B. Carr, MD Associate Clinical Professor Department of O rthopedic Surgery University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina Thomas Ellis, MD Associate Professor of O rthopaedics The O hio State University College of M edicine Columbus, O hio Michael P. Clare, MD Director of Fellowship Education Foot and Ankle Fellowship Florida O rthopaedic Institute Tampa, Florida Diego Fernandez, MD Lindenhof H ospital Bern, Switzerland J. Dean Cole, MD M edical Director Florida H ospital O rthopaedic Institute Fracture Care Center O rlando, Florida Cory A. Collinge, MD Director of O rthopedic Trauma H arris M ethodist Fort Worth H ospital Staff Physician John Petter Smith O rthopedic Residency Program Fort Worth, Texas John J. Fernandez, MD Assistant Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Division of H and, Wrist, and Elbow Rush University M edical Center Chicago, Illinois John C. P. Floyd, MD Department of O rthopaedic Trauma The M edical Center of Central Georgia M acon, Georgia Darin Friess, MD Assistant Professor of O rthopaedics & Rehabilitation O regon H ealth & Science University Portland, O regon William R. Creevy, MD Vice Chairman and Associate Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of M edicine Boston M edical Center Boston, M assachusetts Andrew Furey, MSc, MD, FRCSC Assistant Professor Department of Surgery M emorial University of N ewfoundland St. John’s, N ewfoundland, Canada Brett D. Crist, MD Assistant Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery University of M issouri Columbia, M issouri Leesa M. Galatz, MD Associate Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery Washington University School of M edicine St. Louis, M issouri Mark T. Dillon, MD Fellow, Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Department of O rthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania Presbyterian M edical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Matthew J. Garberina, MD Department of O rthopaedic Surgery Summit M edical Group Berkeley H eights, N ew Jersey N icholas Divaris, MD Assistant Professor Department of O rthopaedics State University of N ew York at Stony Brook Stony Brook, N ew York Christopher Doumas, MD Clinical Assistant Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Robert Wood Johnson M edical School University of M edicine and Dentistry of N ew Jersey N ew Brunswick, N ew Jersey Kenneth A. Egol, MD Associate Professor Vice Chairman Department of O rthopaedic Surgery N YU H ospital for Joint Diseases N ew York, N ew York William B. Geissler, MD Professor and Chief Division of H and and Upper Extremity Surgery Chief Arthroscopic Surgery and Sports M edicine Department of O rthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation University of M ississippi M edical Center Jackson, M ississippi Charles L. Getz, MD Assistant Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Thomas Jefferson University H ospital Rothman Institute Philadelphia, Pennsylvania David L. Glaser, MD Assistant Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania Chief, Shoulder and Elbow Service Penn Presbyterian M edical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ix x CONTRIBUTORS Thomas P. Goss, MD Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Department of O rthopaedics and Physical Rehabilitation University of M assachusetts M edical School Worcester, M assachusetts Douglas P. Hanel, MD Professor of O rthopaedics and Sports M edicine University of Washington H ead, Pediatric H and Surgery Program Children’s H ospital M edical Center Seattle, Washington George Frederick Hatch III, MD USC O rthopaedic Surgery Associates Los Angeles, California Asif M. Ilyas, MD Director, Temple H and Center Assistant Professor, O rthopaedic Surgery Temple University H ospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania John M. Itamura, MD Associate Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery University of Southern California Keck School of M edicine Los Angeles, California Peter J. L. Jebson, MD Associate Professor Chief, Division of Elbow and H and Surgery Department of O rthopaedic Surgery University of M ichigan H ealth System Ann Arbor, M ichigan Jesse B. Jupiter, MD H anstorg Wyss/AO Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery H arvard M edical School Chief, H and and Upper Limb Service M assachusetts General H ospital Boston, M assachusetts Michael S. H. Kain, MD Chief Resident, O rthopaedic Surgery Boston University M edical Center Boston, M assachusetts David E. Karges, DO Associate Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery St. Louis University St. Louis, M issouri Graham J. W. King, MD, MSc, FRCSC Professor of Surgery Division of O rthopaedic Surgery University of Western O ntario H and and Upper Limb Centre St. Joseph’s H ealth Centre London, O ntario, Canada Philipp Kobbe, MD Department of O rthopaedic Surgery University of Pittsburgh M edical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Stephen Kottmeier, MD Associate Professor of O rthopaedics University H ospital and M edical Center at Stony Brook Stony Brook, N ew York Ronald Lakatos, MD Assistant Professor of O rthopaedics The O hio State University M edical Center Columbus, O hio Phillip Langer, MD, MS Assistant Team Physician and O rthopedic Surgeon N FL Atlanta Falcons N H L Atlanta Thrashers Atlanta Sports M edicine & O rthopedic Center Atlanta, Georgia Mark A. Lee, MD Associate Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery–Trauma University of California, San Francisco School of M edicine San Francisco, California Seth P. Levitz, MD Department of O rthopaedic Surgery N orthShore University H ealth System Evanston, Illinois Tommy Lindau, MD, PhD Assistant Professor in H and Surgery The Pulvertaft H and Unit Royal Derby H ospital Derby, United Kingdom Steven B. Lippitt, MD Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery N ortheastern O hio Universities College of M edicine Akron General M edical Center Akron, O hio Andrew J. Logan, MB, BCh Department of O rthopaedics University H ospital of Wales Cardiff, Wales Kevin J. Malone, MD Assistant Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery M etroH ealth M edical Center CWRU School of M edicine Cleveland, O hio Paul A. Martineau, MD, FRCSC Assistant Professor Section of Sport M edicine Section of Upper Extremity Surgery Department of O rthopaedic Surgery M cGill University H ealth Center M ontreal, Q uebec, Canada Michael D. McKee, MD, FRCS(c) Professor Division of O rthopaedics Department of Surgery University of Toronto Toronto, O ntario, Canada Robert J. Medoff, MD Windward O rthopedic Group Kailua, H awaii Brian Mullis, MD Chief and Assistant Professor, O rthopaedic Trauma Service Indiana University School of M edicine Indianapolis, Indiana Robert O’Toole, MD Assistant Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery University of M aryland School of M edicine Baltimore, M aryland Matthew E. Oetgen, MD Clinical Instructor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery and Sports M edicine Children’s N ational M edical Center Washington, District of Columbia Brett D. Owens, MD Assistant Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery Service Keller Army H ospital West Point, N ew York Hans Christoph Pape, MD F. Pauwels Professor and Chairman Department of O rthopaedic Surgery University of Aachen M edical Center Aachen, Germany George Partal, MD Department of O rthopaedics Eastern M aine M edical Center Bangor, M aine Jubin B. Payandeh, MD, FRCS(c) Staff Surgeon Department of Surgery Big Thunder O rthopaedics Thunder Bay, O ntario, Canada Matthew D. Pepe, MD Sports M edicine Surgeon The Rothman Institute Voorhees, N ew Jersey Laura S. Phieffer, MD Assistant Professor of O rthopaedics The O hio State University M edical Center Columbus, O hio Michael Prayson, MD Associate Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Wright State University Boonshoft School of M edicine M iami Valley H ospital Dayton, O hio Vimala Ramachandran, MD N orthern Arizona O rthopaedics Flagstaff, Arizona Matthew L. Ramsey, MD Associate Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Rothman Institute Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania William M. Ricci, MD Associate Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery Washington University School of M edicine St. Louis, M issouri David Ring, MD, PhD Associate Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery H arvard M edical School Department of O rthopaedic Surgery M assachusetts General H ospital Boston, M assachusetts CONTRIBUTORS Toby M. Risko, MD Assistant Professor of O rthopaedics Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas Anshu Singh, MD Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Kaiser Permanente San Diego, California Yishai Rosenblatt, MD O rthopaedic Surgeon H and and Upper Limb Surgeon The Unit of H and Surgery and O rthopaedic Surgery Tel-Aviv Sourasky M edical Center The Sackler Faculty of M edicine Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv, Israel J. Benjamin Smucker, MD O rthopaedic Resident M etrohealth H ospital Cleveland, O hio Thomas A. Russell, BS, MD Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Campbell Clinic/University of Tennessee Department of O rthopaedics Elvis Presley Trauma Center University of Tennessee Eads, Tennessee Henry Claude Sagi, MD Assistant Clinical Professor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery and O rthopaedic Trauma Service University of South Florida Tampa General H ospital Tampa, Florida John K. Sontich, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, O rthopaedics M etrohealth M edical Center Cleveland, O hio Rena L. Stewart, MD Assistant Professor Department of Surgery/O rthopaedics University H ospital (University of Alabama) Birmingham, Alabama N atalie L. Talboo, MPAS, PA-C Department of O rthopaedic Trauma St. Elizabeth H ealth Center Youngstown, O hio Jane S. Tan, MD Department of O rthopaedic Surgery Kaiser Permanente Denver, Colorado xi Thomas F. Varecka, MD Assistant Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery University of M innesota Director, H and and M icrosurgery H ennepin County M edical Center M inneapolis, M innesota John J. Walsh IV, MD Associate Professor Department of O rthopaedics University of South Carolina School of M edicine Columbia, South Carolina J. Tracy Watson, MD Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery Chief, Division of O rthopaedic Traumatology St. Louis University School of M edicine St. Louis, M issouri Michael A. Wirth, MD Professor of O rthopaedics The Charles A. Rockwood, Jr., M D Chair University of Texas H ealth Science Center San Antonio, Texas Andrew Wong, MD Private Practice Arrowhead O rthopaedics Redlands, California Assistant Professor—Clinical Department of O rthopaedic Surgery Loma Linda University Loma Linda, California Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of O rthopedic Surgery M ayo Clinic Rochester, M innesota David C. Templeman, MD Associate Professor of O rthopaedic Surgery University of M innesota H ennepin County M edical Center M inneapolis, M innesota Roy W. Sanders, MD Director, O rthopaedic Trauma Service Tampa General H ospital Florida O rthopaedic Institute Tampa, Florida Paul Tornetta III, MD Professor and Vice Chairman Department of O rthopaedic Surgery Director of O rthopaedic Trauma Boston University M edical Center Boston, M assachusetts Bruce H. Ziran, MD Associate Professor Department of O rthopaedics N ortheastern O hio Universities College of M edicine Director of O rthopaedic Trauma St. Elizabeth H ealth Center Youngstown, O hio Bradford S. Tucker, MD Clinical Instructor Department of O rthopaedic Surgery Thomas Jefferson University H ospital Egg H arbor Township, N ew Jersey N avid M. Ziran, MD Chief Resident of O rthopaedics Strong M emorial H ospital of Rochester Rochester, N ew York Jodi Siegel, MD Assistant Professor of O rthopaedics Department of O rthopaedics and Physical Rehabilitation University of M assachusetts M edical School University of M assachusetts M emorial M edical Center Worcester, M assachusetts PREFACE When a surgeon contemplates performing a procedure, there are three major questions to consider: Why is the surgery being done? When in the course of a disease process should it be performed? And, finally, what are the technical steps involved? The purpose of this text is to describe in a detailed, step-by-step manner the “ how to do it” of the vast majority of orthopaedic procedures. The “ why” and “ when” are covered in outline form at the beginning of each procedure. H owever, it is assumed that the surgeon understands the basics of “ why” and “ when,” and has made the definitive decision to undertake a specific case. This text is designed to review and make clear the detailed steps of the anticipated operation. O perative T echniques in O rthopaedic T raum a Surgery differs from other books because it is mainly visual. Each procedure is described in a systematic way that makes liberal use of focused, original artwork. It is hoped that the surgeon will be able to visualize each significant step of a procedure as it unfolds during a case. Each chapter has been edited by a specialist who has specific expertise and experience in the discipline. It has taken a tremendous amount of work for each editor to enlist talented authors for each procedure and then review the final work. It has been very stimulating to work with all of these wonderful and talented people, and I am honored to have taken part in this rewarding experience. Finally, I would like to thank everyone who has contributed to the development of this book. Specifically, Grace Caputo at Dovetail Content Solutions, and Dave M urphy and Eileen Wolfberg at Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, who have been very helpful and generous with their input. Special thanks, as well, goes to Bob H urley at LWW, who has adeptly guided this textbook from original concept to publication. SWW January 1, 2010 x iii RESIDENCY ADVISORY BOARD The editors and the publisher would like to thank the resident reviewers who participated in the reviews of the manuscript and page proofs. Their detailed review and analysis was invaluable in helping to make certain this text meets the needs of residents today and in the future. Daniel Galat, MD Dr. Galat is a graduate of O hio State University College of M edicine and the M ayo Clinic Department of O rthopedic Surgery residency program. H e is currently serving at Tenwek H ospital in Kenya as an orthopedic surgeon. Lawrence V. Gulotta, MD Fellow in Sports M edicine/Shoulder Surgery H ospital for Special Surgery N ew York, N ew York GautamYagnik, MD Attending Physician O rthopaedic Surgery DRM C Sports M edicine Dubois, Pennsylvania Gregg T. N icandri, M.D. Assistant Professor Department of O rthopaedics (SM D) University of Rochester School of M edicine and Dentistry Rochester, N ew York Catherine M. Robertson, MD Assistant Clinical Professor UCSD O rthopaedic Surgery—Sports M edicine San Diego, California Jonathan Schoenecker, MD Assistant Professor Departments of O rthopaedics, Pharmacology and Pediatrics Vanderbilt University N ashville, Tennessee Dara Chafik, MD, PhD Southwest Shoulder, Elbow and H and Center PC Tuscon, Arizona xv OPERATIVE TECH N IQUES IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA SURGERY