Tài liệu Khảo sát độ chính xác công nghệ đo gps rtk, thực nghiệm tại khu vực hà nội

  ]_ƣỞKF ĜẬE @ỎB ]ÌE KFZUÉK WÌ HÝE ]_ƣỞKF @Ì KỐE A@CD ]_ẫB ĜỉD, OắK Ĝở WÌ ]@ÝKF ]EK ĜỉD NØ OÄC BÄC ]ờKF Aẻ] ĜỌ ]ÌE KF@EÉK KďHBỠZ @ỎBA@CD ?<40 ‒ @ỎB ?<45 REK@ WEÉK A@ắC RÄ] ĜỐ B@ÈK@ PÄB BÝKF KF@ệ ĜC F\R _]A, ]@ỼB KF@EệH ]ẬE A@Z WỼB @Ì KỐE ]`uổb k`òh kfìk` a`cd `Ỉb9 Aỵ ]`uẨt ]rảb Ĝềd - OẢk ĜỒ @Ì KỐE, :-?<45 1   ]_ƣỞKF ĜẬE @ỎB ]ÌE KFZUÉK WÌ HÝE ]_ƣỞKF @Ì KỐE A@CD ]_ẫB ĜỉD ‒ OắK Ĝở WÌ ]@ÝKF ]EK ĜỉD NØ OÄC BÄC ]ờKF Aẻ] ĜỌ ]ÌE KF@EÉK BỠZ A@CD @ỎB REK@ WEÉK KďH @ỎB ?<40 ‒ ?<45 A@ắC RÄ] ĜỐ B@ÈK@ PÄB BÝKF KF@ệ ĜC F\R _]A, ]@ỼB KF@EệH ]ẬE A@Z WỼB @Ì KỐE   ]`uổb k`òh kfìk` a`cd `Ỉb9 Aỵ ]`uẨt ]rảb Ĝềd - OẢk ĜỒ     Rek` veék t`Ỵb `eỆk9 KfuyỊk Puïk ]`ìk`1 Né ]`ề Kfd1 \`dk Weẳt Kf`ĥd1 Oõe WĂk Dk`. Dk` .       Mïk tổb9 Aek` Nốp, a`cd9 Ĝ@6]Ĝ - A`cd ]Ĝ-OĜ&]]ĜN Kfìk` `Ỉb9 Aỵ ]`uẨt ]rảb Ĝềd - OẢk ĜỒ   KfƼỘe `Ƽốkf mạk9 ]R. ĜỖ WĂk MƼƤkf KĂh t`ụ9 ? /RỔ kĂh Ĕìc tẤc9 = @Ì KỐE, :-?<45 2   ]@ÝKF ]EK Aẻ] TZắ KF@EÉK BỠZ BủD ĜỌ ]ÌE 4. ]`ýkf tek b`ukf9 - ]ék ĔỄ tìe9 „ A`Ảc „ A`Ảc sät Ĕổ b`èk` xäb býkf kf`Ệ Ĕc F\R _]A, t`Ỵb kf`eỆh tẤe a`u vỴb @ì Kổe‘ Kổe‘ - Rek` veék t`Ỵb `eỆk9 KfuyỊk Puïk ]`ìk`1 Né ]`ề Kfd1 \`dk Weẳt Kf`ĥd1 Oõe WĂk Dk`. - Nốp9 Ĝ@6]Ĝ - A`cd9 ]rảb Ĕềd, OẢk ĔỒ vì ]`ýkf tek Ĕềd nø - KĂh Ĕìc tẤc t`ụ9 ? RỔ kĂh Ĕìc tẤc9 = - KfƼỘe `Ƽốkf mạk9 ]R. ĜỖ WĂk MƼƤkf ?. HỪb teéu ĔỄ tìe9 A`Ảc sät Ĕổ b`èk` xäb về trè hẶt p`Ẳkf, Ĕổ bdc vì t`Ộe fedk gexjm ĔeỂh t`jc b`eỄu mìe Odsjnekj a`e Ĕc oẴkf F\R _]A t`Ỵb kf`eỆh tẤe a`u vỴb @ì Kổe. 2. ]èk` hốe vì säkf tẤc9 ]`eẳt oề Ĕc ĔẤb ĔỂ t`Ứ kf`eỆh odc fỒh ? häy t`u FKRR9 Detcfy Dekdv-_]A vì ]rehonj _6 FKRR ĔỂ Ĕäk` feä Ĕổ tek bẨy bỦd aẳt quẢ a`Ảc sät. =. Aẳt quẢ kf`eék bụu9 Oäc bäc tỚkf aẳt ĔỄ tìe kf`eék bụu. :. Ĝòkf fòp vỄ hẶt aek` tẳ - xâ `ổe, feäc mỪb vì Ĕìc tẤc, dk kek`, quỔb p`ÿkf vì a`Ả kĂkf äp mỪkf bỦd ĔỄ tìe9  Kổe mukf kf`eék bụu trckf ĔỄ tìe sẸ Ĕòkf fòp hổt p`Ầk trckf nĥk` vỴb kf`eék bụu vỄ `Ệ t`Ổkf F\R _]A, nì tìe neỆu t`dh a`Ảc b`c býkf täb feẢkf mẤy, `Ỉb tẨp bỦd feẢkf veék vì sek` veék trckf A`cd ]rảb Ĕềd, OẢk ĔỒ vì ]`ýkf tek Ĕềd nø, trƼỘkf ĔẤe `Ỉb ]ìe kfuyék vì Hýe trƼỘkf @ì Kổe Aẳt quẢ kf`eék bụu bỦd ĔỄ tìe sẸ nì tìe neỆu t`dh a`Ảc b`c bäb k`ì Ĕc ĔẤb a`Ảc sät nỴd b`Ỉk ĔeỄu aeỆk Ĕc F\R _]A b`c p`õ `Ợp vốe Ĕổ b`èk` xäb hì tỡkf býkf trîk` yéu bẦu. 7. Býkf oỔ a`cd `Ỉb bỦd sek` veék tỡ aẳt quẢ kf`eék bụu bỦd ĔỄ tìe (f`e rú ték tẤp b`è  kẳu bò) `cẶb k`Ẩk xåt, Ĕäk` feä bỦd bƤ sồ Ĕâ äp mỪkf bäb aẳt quẢ kf`eék bụu (kẳu bò)9  Kfìy t`äkf : kĂh ?<45 Rek` veék b`ều träb` k`eỆh b`èk` t`Ỵb `eỆk ĔỄ tìe (aø, `Ỉ vì ték) ték) 3    K`Ẩk xåt bỦd kfƼỘe `Ƽốkf mạk mạk vỄ k`ợkf k`ợkf Ĕòkf fò fòpp a`cd `Ỉb `Ỉb bỦd sek` veék t`Ỵb t`Ỵb `eỆk ĔỄ tìe (p`Ầk kìy mc kfƼỘe `Ƽốkf mạk f`e)9   Päb k`Ẩk bỦd trƼỘkf ĔẤe `Ỉb (aø ték vì Ĕòkf mẪu) mẪu ) Kfìy t`äkf : kĂh ?<45 KfƼỘe `Ƽốkf mạk (aø, `Ỉ vì ték) ték)   ]R. ĜỖ WĂk MƼƤkf 4   ]@ÝKF ]EK WỌ REK@ WEÉK B@ỉZ ]_ÄB@ K@EệH B@ÈK@ ]@ỼB @EệK ĜỌ ]ÌE E. RƬ NƣữB WỌ REK@ WEÉK9 WEÉK9 ắk` =x7 @Ỉ vì ték9 OÕE WďK DK@ Rek` kfìy9 ?2 t`äkf <7 kĂh 4550  KƤe sek`9 sek`9 Uék ]rề ]rề - Uék ]`Ủ ]`Ủyy ‒ @ÿd Oîk Oîk`` Nốp9 Ĝ@6]Ĝ A`òd9 Ĝ@6 A`cd9 ]rảb Ĝềd, OẢk ĜỒ vì ]`ýkf tek Ĕềd nø Ĝềd b`ễ neék `Ệ9 Uék trề, Uék ]`Ủy, @ÿd Oîk` ĜeỆk t`cẤe9 <25?57=:76 Jhden9 bdudk`<<4Lfhden.bch bdudk`<<4Lfhden. bch EE. TZÄ ]_ÎK@ @ỎB ]Ắ\ (aé ]Ắ\ (aé a`de t`ìk` tèb` bỦd sek` veék tỡ kĂh t`ụ 4 Ĕẳk kĂh Ĕdkf `Ỉb)9 * KĂh t`ụ 49   Kfìk` `Ỉb9 Aỵ ]`uẨt ]rảb Ĝềd-OẢk ĜỒ A`cdquẢ 9 ]rảb OẢktẨp ĜỒ9vìA`ä ]`ýkf tek Ĕềd nø   Aẳt xẳp Ĝềd, ncẤe `Ỉb   RƤ nƼỢb t`ìk` tèb`9 ĜeỂh trukf oîk` tèb` nťy bẢ kĂh 9 ?.60 * KĂh t`ụ ?9   Kfìk` `Ỉb9 Aỵ ]`uẨt ]rảb Ĝềd-OẢk ĜỒ A`cd 9 ]rảb Ĝềd, OẢk ĜỒ vì ]`ýkf tek Ĕềd nø   Aẳt quẢ xẳp ncẤe `Ỉb tẨp 9 A`ä   RƤ nƼỢb t`ìk` tèb`9 ĜeỂh trukf oîk` tèb` nťy `Ỉb aî 4 9 2.40   Kfìy t`äkf : kĂh ?<45 Päb k`Ẩk bỦd trƼỘkf ĔẤe `Ỉb Rek` veék b`ều träb` k`eỆh b`èk` (aø ték vì Ĕòkf mẪu) mẪu) t`Ỵb `eỆk ĔỄ tìe (aø, `Ỉ vì ték) ték) Oõe WĂk Dk` 5   HửB NửB HửB NửB........................................................................................................................ev MDK@ HửB ]ứ WEẻ] ]ẫ]...........................................................................................ve MDK@ HửB BÄB OắKF..............................................................................................vee MDK@ HửB @ÎK@, @ÎK@, Ĝở @ÎK@.............................................................. @ÎK@................................................................................... .........................veee veee Hớ ĜầZ.........................................................................................................................4< B@ƣƬKF 49 ]ờKF TZDK @ệ ]@ỜKF FKRR WÌ BÝKF KF@ệ ]@Z K@ẮK ]ÈK @EệZ Wệ ]EK@ F\R....................................................................................................... F\R.......................................................................................................44 44 4.4.4. Feốe t`eỆu t`eỆu b`ukf.............................................................................................. b`ukf.............................................................................................. 44 4.4.?. ĜcẤk a`ýkf fedk.............................................................................................4? 4.4.2. ĜcẤk ĔeỄu a`eỂk(Bcktrcn sjfhjkt).................................................................. sjfhjkt)..................................................................46 46 4.4.=. \`ïk ĔcẤk sỨ mỪkf (Zsjr sjfhjkt).................................................................40 4.?. Ỡkf mỪkf bỦd FKRR................................................................................................. FKRR.................................................................................................40 40 4.2. Býkf kf`Ệ t`u k`Ẩk k`Ẩk tèk `eỆu F\R...................................................................... F\R............................................................................. ....... ?< 4.2.4. Kfuyék nø bẪu tẤc bỦd häy t`u F\R...............................................................?< 4.2.?. \`ïk ncẤe häy t`u F\R.................................................................................... F\R.................................................................................... ?? 4.=. B`e teẳt vỄ F\R.........................................................................................................?= 4.=.4. BẪu trùb tèk `eỆu F\R...................................................................................... F\R...................................................................................... ?= 4.=.?. Ĝc ĔẤb a`cẢkf bäb` feẢ................................................................................... feẢ...................................................................................?6 ?6 4.=.2. Ĝc ĔẤb p`d sòkf hdkf....................................................................................?0 4.=.=. ]rƼỢt b`u aỲ (bybnj snep).................................................................................?5 4.=.:. Aẳt `Ợp tuyẳk tuyẳk tèk` k`ợkf sỴ qudk sät F\R............................................ F\R.................................................... .........2< .2< 4.=.7. K`ợkf mẤkf nỖe bỦd F\R.................................................................................24 4.:. K`ợkf b`ẳ Ĕổ Ĕềk` về F\R.......................................................................................20 4.:.4. Ĝềk` về ĔeỂh F\R...........................................................................................25 4.:.?. Ĝềk` về tƼƤkf ĔỔe F\R....................................................................................=< B@ƣƬKF ?9 BÝKF KF@ệ ĜC F\R _]A Aẻ] @ữ\ WộE ]_ẬH BC_R...................=4 BC_R................... =4 ?.4. Býkf kf`Ệ trẤh t`dh b`eẳu neék tỪb BC_R..............................................................=4 ?.4.4.A`äe keỆh vỄ BC_R.........................................................................................=4 ?.4.?. BẪu trùb b`ukf bỦd hẤkf bäb trẤh BC_R......................................................=4 ?.4.2. Bäb aỵ t`uẨt trẤh BC_R `eỆk bò.....................................................................=2 ?.4.=. ĜẶb ĔeỂh b`ukf b`ukf bỦd `Ệ t`Ổkf trẤh BC_R...................................................... BC_R.................................................. ....=7 =7 ?.4.=. Bäb nỢe èb` bỦd `Ệ t`Ổkf trẤh FKRR BC_R....................................................=6 BC_R.................................................... =6 ?.4.:. @eỆk trẤkf trẤkf `Ệ t`Ổkf hẤkf nƼốe trẤh BC_R ồ WeỆt Kdh.................................=0 Kdh............................... ..=0 ?.?. Býkf kf`Ệ Ĕc F\R _]A aẳt `Ợp trẤh BC_R..........................................................:= ?.?.4. \`ƼƤkf p`äp mc F\R _]A.............................................................................:= ?.?.?. Býkf kf`Ệ kf`Ệ Ĕc F\R _]A aẳt `Ợp trẤh Bcrs.................................................... Bcrs....................................................:7 :7 6   B@ƣƬKF 29 ]@ỼB KF@EệH A@ắC RÄ] ĜỐ B@ÈK@ PÄB @ệ ]@ỜKF F\R _]A.........:6 2.4. A`äe quät vỄ býkf täb t`Ỵb t`Ỵb kf`eỆh........................................................................ kf`eỆh........................................................................... ...:6 :6 2.?. ]`eẳt oề Ĕc ĔẤb t`Ỵb kf`eỆh9....................................................................................:5 2.2. B`e teẳt vỄ býkf täb t`Ỵb kf`eỆh............................................................................... kf`eỆh...............................................................................:5 :5 2.2.4. Aẳt quẢ Ĕc nƼốe b`uấk.....................................................................................:5 2.2.?. Ĝc aeỂh trd Ĕổ b`èk` xäb _]A vốe tèk tèk `eỆu trẤh BC_R...................... BC_R............................... ...........74 ..74 2.2.=. \`ïk tèb` vì Ĕäk` feä feä aẳt quẢ t`Ứ kf`eỆh....................................................... kf`eỆh.......................................................7= 7= Aẻ] NZẮK WÌ AEẻK KF@ỉ.........................................................................................77 4. Aẳt nuẨk.......................................................................................................................77 ?. Aeẳk kf`ề.....................................................................................................................77 ]ÌE NEệZ ]@DH A@ắC...............................................................................................76 \@ử NửB9 Aẻ] TZắ OÎK@ RDE NƣộE B@ZẠK.........................................................70 7   MDK@ HửB ]ứ WEẻ] ]ẫ] R]] 4 ? 2 = : 7 6 0 5 4< 44 4? 42 Weẳt tảt F\R FKRR _]A BC_R MFKRR B/D RD Z.R. McM FNCKDRR GMHD BMHD HDB K_R ]`ýkf tek ĔẦy ĔỦ Fncodn \cseteckekf Rtytjh Fncodn Kdvefdteck Rtdtjnnetj Rtytjh _jdn-]ehj Aekjhdteb Bcktekucsny Cpjrdtekf _jgjrjkbj Rtdtecks Meggjrjktedn Fncodn Kdvefdteck Rdtjnnetj Rystjh Bcdrsj Dbqueseteck Rjnjbtevj Dvdendoenety Z.R. Mjpdrthjkt cg Mjgjksj Fncodn Croetekf Kdvefdteck Rdtjnnetj Rystjh Grjqujkby Meveseck Huntepnj Dbbjss Hjt`cm Bcmj Meveseck Huntepnj Dbbjss ]jb`kequj Hdstjr Duxenedry Bcrrjbtecks Kjt _jgjrjkbj Rtdteck Kfýk kfợ Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` Dk` 8   MDK@ HửB BÄB OắKF OẢkf ?.4. Hổt sỔ t`ýkf tek bỦd bäb trẤh MFKRR/BC_R MFKRR/BC_R (kfuỒ (kfuỒkk Q7X).......... Q7X)................... ................. ..........:? ..:? OẢkf 2.4. ]Ỉd Ĕổ bäb ĔeỂh sdu oîk` sde........................................................................... sde........................................................................... 74 OẢkf 2.?. Aẳt quẢ Ĕäk` feä Ĕổ b`èk` b`èk` xäb Ĕc aeỂh trd _]A sỨ mỪkf tèk `eỆu BC_R... BC_R.........72 ..72 9   MDK@ HửB @ÎK@, Ĝở @ÎK@ @îk` 4.4. @Ệ t`Ổkf vỆ tek` mạk ĔƼỘkf tcìk bẦu...............................................................44 @îk` 4.?.Bäb p`ïk ĔcẤk trckf `Ệ t`Ổkf FKRR................................................................4? FKRR................................................................ 4? @îk` 4.2. Tuỵ ĔẤc vì vỆ tek` F\R................................................................................... F\R................................................................................... 42 @îk` 4.=. @Ệ t`Ổkf FNCKDRR.......................................................................................4= @îk` 4.:. @îk` Ảk` vỆ tek` Fdnenjc..................................................................................4: @îk` 4.7. @Ệ t`Ổkf vì `îk` Ảk` vỆ tek` Oảb Ĝấu.............................................................47 Ĝấu............................................................. 47 @îk` 4.6. ĜcẤk ĔeỄu a`eỂk bỦd FKRR (t`ụ tỴ F\R, Fnckdss, OjeMcu, OjeMcu, Fdnenjc)......... Fdnenjc)..............46 .....46 @îk` 4.0. OeỂu ĔỒ ụkf mỪkf bỦd FKRR Q2X......................................................................40 Q2X...................................................................... 40 @îk` 4.5. Ỡkf mỪkf trckf fedc t`ýkf..............................................................................45 @îk` 4.4<. Ỡkf mỪkf trckf Ĕc ĔẤb...................................................................................45 ĔẤb................................................................................... 45 @îk` 4.44. @îk` Ảk` trẤh BC_R trckf Ĕc ĔẤb t`Ủy vĂk..................................................?< vĂk.................................................. ?< @îk` 4.4?. RƤ ĔỒ bẪu tẤc vì `îk` Ảk` bỦd häy t`u t`u F\R..................................................?4 F\R................................................. .?4 @îk` 4.42. Häy t`u FKRR FKRR bò Ĕổ b`èk` xäb bdc9 ]rehonj :0<< , F\R ]cp ]cpbck bck FO:<<.. .?2 @îk` 4.4=. Häy t`u FKRR bò Ĕổ b`èk` xäb trukf oîk`9 ]rehonj FjcJxpncrjr P]/P@ 7<<<, Ds`tjb` \rchdra \rchdra ?<< FKRR _]A......................................................................... _]A.........................................................................?2 ?2 @îk` 4.4:. Häy t`u FKRR FKRR bò Ĕổ b`èk` xäb t`Ẫp9 Fdrhek F\R EEE, Ncwr Ncwrdkbj dkbj ?<<...... ?<<... ........?= .?= @îk` 4.47. (d) sòkf sek1 sek1 (o) hâ sỔ....................................................................................?= sỔ.................................................................................... ?= @îk` 4.46. OeỂu ĔỒ hâ bỦd F\R vì p`d bỦd sòkf hdkf..................................................?7 @îk` 4.40. BẪu trùb tèk `eỆu bỦd F\R..............................................................................?7 @îk` 4.45. Heéu tẢ t`uẨt t`uẨt tcäk a`ýe p`Ừb bcmj F\R..................... F\R.............................................. .................................. ...........?7 ..?7 @îk` 4.?<. Ĝc nƼỘkf a`cẢkf bäb` feẢ.............................................................................?6 @îk` 4.?4. Ĝc ĔẤb p`d sòkf sòkf hdkf.......................................................................... hdkf................................................................................... ......... ?0 @îk` 4.??. Gunn9 sỔ oƼốb sòkf ĔẦy ĔỦ bỦd sckf hdkf1 Gekdn pcrteck9Ĕổ mềb` p`d............?0 @îk` 4.?2. Hổt ]rƼỢtvìeb`u aỲƤkf F\R..........................................................................................?5 @îk` 4.?=. p`Ƽ p`ƼƤkf p`äp aẳt `Ợp tuyẳk tuyẳk tèk` F\R..................................... F\R............................................. ..........2< ..2< @îk` 4.?:. K`ợkf mẤkf nỖe bƤ oẢk trckf Ĕc F\R............................................................2? @îk` 4.?7. K`ợkf K`ợkf t`dy ĔỚe về trè Ĕềk` về a`e bò RD................................... RD............................................ ................. ............. .....2= 2= @îk` 4.?6. K`ợkf t`dy ĔỚe về trè Ĕềk` về sdu a`e ncẤe oể RD............................................2= RD............................................ 2= @îk` 4.?0. @eỆu ụkf Ĕd ĔƼỘkf................... ĔƼỘkf.........................................................................................2: ......................................................................2: @îk` 4.?5. Fòb kfấkf kfấkf (jnjvdteck) vì fòb p` p`ƼƤkf ƼƤkf về(Dzehu về(Dzehut`) t`) bỦd F\R................. F\R........ ............... .......26 .26 @îk` 4.2<. Kfuyék Kfuyék tảb Ĕềk` về ĔeỂh F\R................................. F\R................................................................... ....................................... .....25 25 @îk` 4.24. Kfuyék tảb Ĕềk` về tƼƤkf ĔỔe F\R................................................................. F\R.................................................................=< =< @îk` ?.4. RƤ ĔỒ bẪu trùb trẤh BC_R............................................................................... BC_R............................................................................... =4 @îk` ?.?. ]rẤh t`dh b`eẳu trék hẶt ĔẪt..........................................................................=? @îk` ?.2. ]rẤh t`dh b`eẳu ĔẶt trék k`ì bdc tẦkf............................................................=? 10   @îk` ?.=. RƤ ĔỒ b`uyỂk t`ýkf tek `eỆu b`ễk`............................................................... b`ễk`................................................................... ....=2 =2 @îk` ?.:. ]rẤh t`dh b`eẳu Ảc trckf býkf kf`Ệ BC_R....................................................== @îk` ?.7. ]`ýkf ]`ýkf sỔ `eỆu b`ễk` a`u vỴb.................... vỴb.................................................................... ....................................................... ....... == @îk` ?.6. Aỵ t`uẨt p`Ổe p`Ổe `Ợp trẤh p`Ừ trỢ vì trẤh b`èk`.................................. b`èk`........................................... ............... ......=: =: @îk` ?.0. Kïkf bdc aỵ t`uẨt t`uẨt trẤh t`dh b`eẳu Ảc............................................................. Ảc.......................................................... ...=7 =7 @îk` ?.5. Aỵ t`uẨt MJJ\ MJJ\ ‒ K_R.............................................................................. K_R..................................................................................... ....... =7 @îk` ?.4<. Wề trè xïy mỴkf vì nảp ĔẶt bäb trẤh Fjcmjteb BC_R (kfuỒk Q=X)...................=5 @îk` ?.44. Wề trè bäb trẤh Kjtwcra Kjtwcra _]A BC_R bỦd MỴ äk (kfuỒkQ:X)................. (kfuỒkQ:X).......................... .........:< :< @îk` ?.4?. Mềb` vỪ trd bụu t`ýkf tek trẤh BC_R trék fedc meỆk Vjo............................. Vjo..................... ........:4 :4 @îk` ?.4?. RƤ ĔỒ oỔ trè bäb trẤh MFKRR/BC_R (kfuỒk Q7X) Q7X).......................................... ..........................................:2 :2 @îk` ?.42. Tudk sät F\R _]A........................................................................................:: @îk` ?.4=. Býkf kf`Ệ Ĕc F\R _]A aẳt `Ợp trẤh Bcrs vốe fedc t`ụb 2F....................... 2F.......................:7 :7 @îk` 2.4. Kfuyék tảb Ĕềk` về tƼƤkf ĔỔe F\R................................................................... F\R...................................................................:6 :6 @îk` 2.?. Býkf kf`Ệ Ĕc F\R _]A aẳt `Ợp trẤh Bcrs vốe fedc t`ụb 2F......................... 2F.........................:5 :5 @îk` 2.2. Häy t`u FKRR9 Dekdv _]A............................................................................:5 @îk` 2.=. RƤ ĔỒ nƼốe về trè bäb ĔeỂh trckf trckf hẤkf nƼốe b`uấk......................................... b`uấk............................................7< ...7< @îk` 2.:. RỔ neỆu mƼốe mẤkf genj _EKJP tẤe 4 ĔeỂh Ĕc nƼốe.............................................7< nƼốe.......................................... ...7< @îk` 2.7. ĜỒ `îk` nƼốe b`uấk trék p`Ầk hỄh ]OB.........................................................74 @îk` 2.6. K`òh kf`eék kf`eék bụu bõkf vốe t`eẳt oề Odsj vì _cvjr _cvjr tẤe býkf veék @ÿd Oîk`.. . .7? @îk` 2.0. Tuä trîk` nảp ĔẶt trẤh _cvjr............................................................................ _cvjr............................................................................ 7? @îk` 2.4<. ĜỒ t`ề Ảk` `Ƽồkf `Ƽồkf a`cẢkf bäb` Odsj-_cvjr Odsj-_cvjr Ĕẳk sde sỔ về trè ĔeỂh................ ĔeỂh........... ......7= .7= @îk` 2.44. ĜỒ t`ề Ảk` `Ƽồkf `Ƽồkf a`cẢkf bäb` Odsj-_cvjr Odsj-_cvjr Ĕẳk t`Ộe fedk gexjm gexjm ĔeỂh... ĔeỂh...... ...... .....7: ..7: U 11   Hớ ĜầZ @Ệ t`Ổkf t`eẳt oề sỨ mỪkf t`u tèk `eỆu vỆ tek` FKRR kfìy bìkf p`ät treỂk mạk tốe sỴ t`uẨk teỆk b`c kfƼỘe Ĕc ĔẤb a`Ảc sät. Kẳu bẦk Ĕổ b`èk` xäb bdc vì Ĕc ĔẤb k`dk` b`òkf t`î td bẦk bò oổ häy F\R fỒh <4 häy tĥk` (ODRJ) ĔẶt tẤe ĔeỂh fỔb (ĔeỂh hỔb Ĕềd b`èk` k`ì kƼốb `cẶb ĔƼỘkf b`uyỄk `Ấkf EW trckf býkf trîk`), ĔƼỢb bìe ĔẶt tỈd Ĕổ ĔeỂh fỔb (WK-?<<<) vì bäb t`dh sỔ tèk` b`uyỂk tỡ `Ệ tcẤ Ĕổ quỔb tẳ VFR-0= vỄ `Ệ tcẤ Ĕổ WK-?<<<, bò t`Ể hổt `dy k`eỄu häy Ĕổkf (_CWJ_) ĔẶt tẤe ĔeỂh bẦk xäb Ĕềk` tcẤ Ĕổ. Bäb häy Ĕổkf sẸ ĔỒkf t`Ộe t`u tèk `eỆu tỡ vỆ tek` vì t`u tèk `eỆu ĔƼỢb p`ät Ĕe tỡ ĔeỂh fỔb ĔẶt häy Odsj. B`ùkf td bò t`Ể nỴd b`Ỉk p`ƼƤkf p`äp Ĕc Ĕổkf a`äb k`du nì _]A ( Ĕc Ĕổkf xỨ nø kfdy) `dy \\A ( Ĕc Ĕổkf xỨ nø sdu)  Kfìy kdy veéb veéb ụkf mỪkf p`ƼƤkf p`äp p`äp Ĕc Ĕổkf _]A _]A Ĕâ vì Ĕdkf ĔƼỢb ĔƼỢb ụkf mỪkf trckf bäb bäb nĥk` vỴb a`Ảc sät Ĕềd `îk` vì Ĕc ĔẤb Ĕềd b`èk` a`u vỴb kfcìe mïk bƼ. Bäb trẤh BC_R Ĕdkf mẦk t`dy t`ẳ trẤh F\R tĥk` (ODRJ) ĔẶt tẤe bäb fỔb. Ĝổ b`èk` xäb sde sỔ về trè ĔeỂh trckf p`ƼƤkf p`äp Ĕc _]A Ĕâ ĔƼỢb hổt sỔ tìe neỆu kf`eék bụu býkf oỔ bò t`Ể ĔẤt ĔƼỢb mƼốe <.<=h, tuy k`eék tõy vìc ĔẶb trƼkf Ĕềd `îk`, Ĕềd vẨt hổt sỔ a`u vỴb ồ WeỆt Kdh hì sde sỔ kìy bò t`Ể k`ể `dy xẪp xễ `cẶb oẴkf vốe feä trề Ĕò. ĜỂ tĂkf Ĕổ tek bẨy vỄ Ĕổ b`èk` xäb bỦd `Ệ t`Ổkf _]A trckf hổt sỔ kf`eék bụu trƼốb Ĕò, k`òh täb feẢ Ĕâ nỴd b`Ỉk ĔỄ tìe kf`eék bụu9 „ A`Ảc „  A`Ảc sät Ĕổ b`èk` xäb býkf kf`Ệ Ĕc F\R   _]A, t`Ỵb kf`eỆh tẤe a`u vỴb @ì Kổe‘. Kổe ‘. ĜỄ tìe sẸ nì bẦk t`eẳt ĔỂ bò k`ợkf Ĕäk` feä bỪ t`Ể `Ƥk, tỡ Ĕò feùp kfƼỘe Ĕc ĔẤb a`Ảc sät bò t`Ể sỨ mỪkf p`ƼƤkf p`äp Ĕc _]A b`c bäb ụkf mỪkf, t`ểd hâk Ĕổ b`èk` xäb ĔẶt rd.  Kổe mukf mukf ĔỄ tìe odc odc fỒh 2 b` b`ƼƤkf9 ƼƤkf9 B`ƼƤkf 49 ]Ớkf qudk `Ệ t`Ổkf FKRR vì býkf kf`Ệ t`u k`Ẩk tèk `eỆu vỆ tek` F\R. B`ƼƤkf ?9 FeẢe p`äp sỨ mỪkf býkf kf`Ệ Ĕc F\R _]A aẳt `Ợp býkf kf`Ệ trẤh BC_R. B`ƼƤkf 29 ]`Ỵb kf`eỆh a`Ảc sät Ĕổ b`èk` xäb `Ệ t`Ổkf F\R _]A. 12   B@ƣƬKF 49 ]ờKF TZDK @ệ ]@ỜKF FKRR WÌ BÝKF KF@ệ ]@Z K@ẮK ]ÈK @EệZ Wệ ]EK@ F\R 4.4.4. Feốe t`eỆu b`ukf  FKRR (Fncodn Kdvefdteck Rdtjnnetj Rystjh)9 @Ệ t`Ổkf vỆ tek` mạk ĔƼỘkf tcìk bẦu. @Ệ t`Ổkf vỆ tek` k`ïk tẤc bò k`eỆh vỪ xäb Ĕềk` về trè bỦd k`ợkf ĔỔe tƼỢkf trék hẶt ĔẪt. ĔẪt. OẪt bụ de, vẨt fî trék tcìk bẦu, a`e hdkf t`jc hổt häy t`u ĔẶb oeỆt t`î k`Ộ `Ệ t`Ổkf vỆ tek` kìy bò t`Ể oeẳt ĔƼỢb a`ä b`èk` xäb `eỆk tẤe hîk` Ĕdkf ồ về trè kìc trék träe ĔẪt. FKRR ĔƼỢb bẪu t`ìk` k`Ƽ hổt b`ÿh sdc (hổt k`òh `dy hổt `Ệ t`Ổkf) bỦd quỵ ĔẤc vỆ tek` aẳt `Ợp vốe t`eẳt oề ồ hẶt ĔẪt. ]rckf bõkf hổt t`Ộe ĔeỂh, ồ hổt về trè trék hẶt ĔẪt kẳu xäb Ĕềk` ĔƼỢb a`cẢkf bäb` Ĕẳk od vỆ tek` (tỔe t`eỂu) t`î sẸ tèk` ĔƼỢb tỈd Ĕổ bỦd về trè Ĕò. FKRR `cẤt Ĕổkf trckf hỈe ĔeỄu aeỆk t`Ộe teẳt, hỈe kƤe trék träe ĔẪt vì ?= feỘ hổt kfìy. Hỵ nì kƼốb ĔẦu teék p`òkf nék vì ĔƼd vìc sỨ mỪkf `Ệ vỆ tek` mạk ĔƼỘkf kìy. Hỵ ĔẶt ték b`c `Ệ t`Ổkf kìy nì `Ệ t`Ổkf vỆ tek` Ĕềk` về tcìk bẦu F\R (Fncodn \cseteckekf \cseteckekf Rystjh), odk ĔẦu nì ĔỂ mõkf reékf b`c quïk sỴ, vỄ sdu hồ rổkf rd sỨ mỪkf b`c mïk sỴ trék p`Ấh ve tcìk bẦu, oẪt aỂ quỔb tềb` vì heỊk p`è. @îk` 4.4. @Ệ t`Ổkf vỆ tek` mạk ĔƼỘkf tcìk bẦu @eỆk kdy, FKRR nì ték fỈe b`ukf b`c = `Ệ t`Ổkf Ĕềk` về mạk mƼỘkf sỨ mỪkf vỆ tek` nì F\R (Fncodn \cseteckekf Rystjh) mc Hỵ b`ẳ tẤc vì `cẤt Ĕổkf tỡ kĂh 455=, FNCKDRR (FNcodn Croetekf Kdvefdteck Rdtjnnetj Rystjh) mc Kfd b`ẳ tẤc vì `cẤt Ĕổkf tỡ kĂh 455:, `Ệ t`Ổkf FDNENJC hdkf ték k`ì t`eék vĂk `Ỉb FDNENJC mc Neék hek` b`ïu Ïu (JZ) b`ẳ tẤc vì ĔƼỢb ĔƼd vìc sỨ mỪkf trckf kĂh ?<4< vì `Ệ t`Ổkf OJEMCZ (Oảb Ĝấu) mc ]rukf TuỔb b`ẳ tẤc fỒh Oảb Ĝấu 4 `cẤt Ĕổkf vìc kĂh ?< - Xem thêm -