A
,
'
BO. GIAO DUC
. & E>AO TAO
.
TRUONG E>~I HQC KINH TE TP.HCM
------(!:6'~~------
I
I
I
i
!
''j
~·
~
'
X
I
A
; flE TAI NCKH CAP 80.
'
'
A
,
X
,
,
HOAN THIEN
. BAO CAO HOP
. NHAT AP
Dt)NG CHO TONG CONG TY, CONG TY MJ;: CONG TY CON (j VN
MS-82004 - 22 - 63
~
A
A
?
A
I
~
'
CNDETAI
THUKY
THANHVlEN
BQ GIAO Dl)C VA DAO TA,.O
TRUClNG OH KINH TE TP.HCM
--2006--
: P(lS.TS Vo Van Nhi
: TS Bid Van Duong
: Ths. Nguy~n Thi Kim Cue
MUCLUC
.
.
LOINOIDAU
Trang
,..?
,
,
'
,
,..,
CHUONG 1: TONG QUAN BAO CAO TAl CHINH H(1P NHA T ................. 1
1.1 Vai tro cua bao cao tai chinh h<;Jp nha't ..................................................................... 1
. - cong
"
1.2 Quan h~" gtua
ty
m~
"
va' cong
ty con .................................................................. 1
1.3 Ph::tm vi cac cong ty phai l~p va trlnh bay BCTC h<;Jp nha't.. ................................... .4
1.4 Phuong phap djnh gia d€ ghi nh~n thong tin trlnh bay tren BCTC. .......................... 5
1.5 T6 chuc h~ tho'ng thong tin d€ pht,Ic v1,1 cho h<;Jp nha't BCTC. ................................... 7
1.6Phttong phap h<;Jp nha't ............................................................................................... 8
1. 7 Trlnh tt! h<;Jp nha't ..................................................................................................... 10
CHUaNG 2 :THl}C T~NG BAO CAO TAl CHINH H(1P NHAT T~I
,
,...
,...
CAC DOANH NGHIJ::P VIJ::T NAM ....•.......•...•....•..••..............••............•.•..... 25
2.1 Cac quy djnh v~ l~p va trlnh bay bao cao tai chinh h<;Jp nha't cua ke" toan VN ...... 25
2.1.1 Cac chuffn mlfc ke" toan Vi~t Nam c6 lien quan de"n bao cao tai chinh
h<;Jp nha't ........................................................................................................................ 25
2.12 Qui djnh hu'ong dftn l~p va trlnh bay bao cao tai chinh h<;Jp nha't .............. 26
2.2 Thtfc tr::tng v~ bao cao tai chinh t~i 1 so' doanh nghit$p ho~t d<)ng theo mo hlnh
cong ty
m~_
cong ty con ............................................................................................... 27
2.21 Cong ty may Vi~t Tie"n ............................................................................... 27
2.22 Cong ty c6 ph~n khu cong nghit$p Tan T::to ............................................... 30
2.23.T6ng cong ty bu'u chinh vi€n thong Vit$t Nam ........................................... 35
2.3 M<)t s6 nguyen nhan gay nen Slf kh6 khan va ch~m tr€ khi l~p bao cao tai chinh
h<;Jp nha't C1 cac doanh nghit$p Vit$t Nam ...................................................................... .40
"
"'
?
,
'
,...,
'
"'
"
CHUONG 3 :MQT SO GIAI PHAP VA KIEN NGHJ HOAN THIJ::N BAO
CAO TAl CHINH H(1P NHAT AP Dl)NG CHO CAC DOANH NGHitP
"
VI:J:;T
NAM .....................••...............................•.....•....................................•..•.... 42
.,;t
"
J
va' nguyen
tac
thlfc h""
1~n ..................................................................... . 42
3. 1 Q uan d tern
3.11 Quan di€m hoan thi~n .............................................................................. .42
3.12 Nguyen t~c hoan thi~n ............................................................................... 43
3.2 Giai phap ho~m thi~n bao cao tai chinh hi b(> cua ky tru'oc vfin tie'p tl,IC c6 anh hu'dng
trong thoi gian dai.
9
- Thong tin cho phep di~u chinh cac BCTC cua cac cong ty con d~ bao
dam H(t ca cac s6Ii~u g6c d~u nha't quan v~ ky bao cao, chinh sach ke' toan.
Nhu' v~y quy mo dieu chinh cac thong tin phl,l thUQC vao mll'c dQ rna
c6ng ty m~ chQn va quy~n life d~ yeu cfiu cac cong ty con thlfc hi~n cac chinh
sach cua cong tv m~.
1.. 7Trlnh tt! hqp nha't
Sau khi c(>ng tung khoan m1,1c tren BCTC rieng cua cong ty me:; va cac
c6ng ty con, bQ ph~n l~p BCTC h<;lp nha't xem xet cac v!n d~ sau va thtfc hi~n
dieu chinh theo nguyen tAc ke' toan kep.
- lJilu chlnh khoan diiu Ill cua ci}ng ty m(! VflO ctic c{)ng ty COil.
Day Ia khoan tinh trUng tren Bang din d6i ke' toan (BCDKT)- phfin Tai
san cua cong ty me:; va tren BCDKT- phfin V6n chu sd huu cua cong ty con, do
v~y phai lo(,li tru gia trj ghi s& khoan d§u tu' cua cong ty m~ trong tung cong ty
con va phfin v6n chu sCI huu cua cong ty me:; trong cong ty con.
But toan dieu chinh (trttong hng cua
vo'n chii sd hfi'u ciia t~p doan sau ngay hi b(> t~p dofm nhiim th6i phbng tai san va lqi nhu~n
cua m6i cong ty thanh vien, rna kh6ng t~o ra lcji nhu~n cho t~p doan hay lam
thay d6i tai san thu~n cua t~p doan. Vl v~y dn phai x6a bo ke't qua nay tren
bao cao tai chlnh h\ip nhat.
Nguyen tdc chung: Lo~i trir 100%, khong phv thu<)c ty 1~ s& hii'u cua Cong
ty mtt; Lo~i tru ph~n s6 du cac khmln phai thu, phai tra giii'a cac dcfn vj n<)i b<)
trong cling t~p doan tren BCDKT hcJp nhat; Lo~i tru toan b<) cac khoan doanh
thuban hang, ghi v6n hang ban, Hii, 16 n(>i b<) t~p doan; Lo~i trir cac khoan thu
nh~p va chi phi phat sinh tir cac giao djch (cung dp djch vv, cho vay ... )
Cdc giao djch nl)i bl) ldn luqt xem xet bao gJm: Cung c~p hang h6a; Cung
cAp djch vv; c6 tuc; Cac khoan phai thu, phai tra; Vay cac khoan n<,r phv thu<)c;
Lqi nhu~n; Cac nghi~p vv n<)i b<) dai h~n
• Cung cap hang h6a giila cong ty mf! va cong ty con.
• Ban hang trong nien dq (lqi nhu~n chua tht,rc hi~n niim trong s6 dtt
Hang t6n kho cuAi ky): tht;t'c hi~n cac but toan di~u chinh
• Ghi gidm doanh thu, chi phf nl)i bl):
Giam khoan mt;tc Doanh thu ban hang: theo gia ban
Giam khm\n ml;lc Gia v6n hang ban: theo gia ban.
• Ghi gidm cong nq phdi thu, phdi trd nl)i b(j (ne'u chua thanh toan).
Giam khoan mt;tc Phai tra
Giam khoan m\lc Phai thu
• Ghi gidm Lqi nhu(in chua thl!c hi¢n con trong hang tJn kho cuifi ky.
Tang khoan ml;lc Gia v6n hang ban: theo lcJi nhu~n g<)p chua thJ!c hi~n.
Giam khoan mt;tc Hang t6n kho: theo lcJi nhu~n g<)p.
Ghi chu: N~u vao thai di~m l~p bao cao, hang h6a da ban he't ra ngoai t~p
dofm, thl lo~i bo Doanh thu ban hang va Gia v6n hang ban n<)i b<) khi l~p bao
cao k~t qua kinh doanh. Trong truang h<,rp nay LQi nhu~n ban hang thu du'qc la
chile chile.
• Ban hang trong nien d() tru'«tc (Tinh toan lqi nhu~n chua th\fc hi~n
niim trong s6 du' Hang t6n kho d~u ky): tht;t'c hi~n di~u chinh s6li~u da
phan anh cu6i ky tru'oc.
Giam khoan m1,1c Lai lOy ke' d~u ky: theo lqi nhu~n g()p chua tht;t'c hi~n.
Giam khoan mt;tc Gia v6n hang ban:theo lqi nhu~n g()p chua tht,tc hi~n.
y nghia cua but toan di~u chinh nay la dam bao riing gia tri hqp nh~t ctia
Hang t6n kho d~u ky nay bilng gia tri h<,rp nh~t ctia Hang t6n kho cu6i ky truoc;
lcji nhu~n chua tht,rc hi~n duqc lo~i ra khoi lcJi nhu~n lUy k~ d~u ky; vi~c ghi
giam khoan ffil,IC Gia v6n hang ban se lam tang lqi nhu~n hcjp nhat nam nay
12
Ene'u ban he't trong ky), con ne'u chua ban trong ky dn thiet lo1;1i trir lc;1i nhu~n
chua thvc hi~n cua ca Hang t6n kho d~u ky va Hang t6n kho cubi ky.
• Cung clip djch V{l.
Ho1;1t d<)ng cung ca'p dich Vl} trong n<)i b9 t~p doan se du{jc tfnh vao chi
phi san xua't kinh doanh cua ti;ip doan (lam giam lc;Ji nhu~n cua t~p doan),
khong ghi nh~n Hli, 16 n<)i b9 do cung ca'p dich V\J. Do d6 se di€u chinh qua but
toan sau:
Giam khmln m\}c Doanh thu, thu nh~p (don vj cung ca'p): doanh thu djch
V\1 cung ca'p.
Giam khoan ml,lc Chi phi SXKD (don vj nh~n cung c~p): doanh thu
djch Vl} cung c~p.
• cd tuc.
LQi nhu~n di chuy~n gifra cac cong ty trong cung t~p doan thong qua c6
tuc se khong tang ho(lc giam thu nh~p. Do d6 c~n dieu chinh ph~n c6 tuc da
phan phO'i, but toan
Giam khoan ml,lc Thu nhi;ip tu d~u tu tai chinh (ben d~u tu): lCJi nhu~n,
c6 tti'c duc;Jc chia.
Tang khoan ml,lc Lc;Ji nhu~n chua phan ph6i (ben nh~n d~u tu): lc;Ji
nhu~n. c6 tuc da thong bao phan ph6i.
• Vay va cac khodn n(l ph~ thUQC .
.E>6i voi cac khoan vay se duc;Jc lo(;li tru qua cac but toan sau:
Diiu chlnh nq go'c cho vay va di vay:
Giam khoan ml,lc Vay
Giam khoan ml,lc D~u tu cho vay
Diiu chinh cong nq vi liii vay chua tra (chua nhqn) du()'c trich truck:
Giam khoan ml,lc Lai vay trich truoc (Nc;J phai tra)
Giam khoan ill\JC Phai thu lai vay (Tai san)
Diiu chlnh thu nhqp va chi phi tai chinh:
Giam khmin ml,lc Thu nh~p tai chinh
Giam khoan ml,lc Chi phi tai chinh
• Cac giao dich nQi hQ dai h{ln.
* Chuyln djch tai san khong gidm giti (d~t dai) khong kha'u hao: dieu
chinh Hii/ 16 phat sinh do chuy~n djch tai san, Cl,l th~:
Cuo'i nam thti nhi{t: ghi but tmin
Giam khoan ml,lc Doanh thu (gia ban)
Giam khoan ml,lc Gia v6n hang ban (gia v6n ghi s6)
Giam khoan illl,lC Tai san (da't- theo chenh lc$ch Hii).
Cutfi nhilng niim tie'p theo: ghi but toan
13
Giam khoan mlfc U'ii Iay ke'
Giam khoan IDlfC Tai san (da't).
* Chuyln djch tai sdn c6 gidm gid do kht{u hao - nha cfra, may m6c
thie't bj: l~p bang tinh kha'u hao TSCD anh hu'(ing cac nam tai chinh; va but
tmin di~u chinh thlfc hi~n vao cac thoi dicim sau:
Cuoi nam thu nha't (nam chuycin nhu'<;Jng): di~u chlnh 2 but toan
Di~u chlnh sdli~u khi chuyln nhuc;ng
Tang khm\n mlfc TSCD: chenh h~ch Nguyen ghi- Gia ban
Giam khoan mlfc Thu nh~p khac: gia ban
Tang khoan illlfC Hao mon lily ke': so kha'u hao lily ke' da ghi giam khi ban
Giam khoan illlfC Chi phi khac: gia tri con lC;li khi ban.
Di~u chlnh chi phi khdu hao (dii ghi sd iJ dan vj sll df:lng)
Giam khoan m1,1c Hao mon lily ke': chenh l~ch muc KH moi va cil
Giam khoan illlfC Chi phi sii' dt.mg TS: chenh l~ch muc KH moi va cil.
CuO'i nam thu 2 trd di de'n khi TSCD kha'u hao du nguyen gia.
DMu chlnh sfi li~u tai san ddu Icy:
Tang khoan mvc TSCD: chenh l~ch Nguyen ghi- Gia ban
Giam khoan mvc Lai luy k~ dftu ky
Tang khoan mvc Hao mon lily ke' TSCD: so KH khi chuy~n nhu'- Xem thêm -