Tài liệu Fruit farming in summer and autumn season at ulm renchen, baden württemberg, germany

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY OANDASAN, ALYSZA VILLENE ABUSTAN FRUIT FARMING THROUGH THE TIME OF SUMMER AND AUTUMN SEASON AT RENCHEN, BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG GERMANY BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full- Time Major: Bachelor of Science Environmental Science and Management Faculty: Advanced Education Program Office Batch: 2015-2018 Type: On the-Job-Training (OJT) Thai Nguyen, 23/09/2019 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Alysza Villene Abustan Oandasan Student ID DTN1454290089 Fruit Farming in Summer and Autumn Season at Ulm On-Job-Training Title Renchen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Patric Michael Spraul (Germany) Supervisor (s) Dr. Ho Ngoc Son (Vietnam) Supervisor(s) signature Patric Michael Spraul Dr. Ho Ngoc Son (Germany) (Vietnam) Abstract: International training and development Center and Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung is an organization/program that helps as an college students find a workplace for their internship. Thus, the student intern conducts the on the–JobTraining at Ulm, Renchen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Climate Change is the most difficult to anticipate as it hinders predicting the changing weather. Moreover, for the farmers or owner of the farm will be very challenging especially when drought, heavy rains and cold or freezing weather occurs because there are an advantages and disadvantages in the farm. To begin with, the i farm fields have five (5) different kinds of fruits in which are strawberry, plum, cherry, apple and grapes which are scattered in different places of Ulm that are twenty-seven (27) hectares in total of the fruit fields. Generally, fruit farming have many challenges and struggles during the harvest season of the fruits and also during the post-harvesting. In Spraul’s fruit farm, no fruit is put into waste as every fruit that have a big or small size, ripe or not, even its deteriorated fruit, it can be brought to the winery. However, as for selling, the fruits must have a better quality and a big size to have a better income. So when the drought occurs the fruit trees are lacking of water and the fruits are smaller than the usual size or dried out. Moreover, when it have a heavy or normal rain, the fruits becomes bigger. As a result, the student intern learns a lot from the internship, gain a lot of skills and knowledge throughout the fruit farming activities with the help of the supervisor and owner especially the workers in the farm in Germany. Climate change, Strawberry, Cherry, Apple, Plum, Keywords: Grapes Number of pages 41 Date of Submission September 23, 2019 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank God for everything and for giving a strength I need. I’m expressing my immeasurable gratitude to our God our almighty father of heaven and earth for guiding me and also for the unconditional love. Second, I want to express my appreciation to my employer Mr. Patric Michael Spraul and to his family, without their valuable assistance and guidance, in this journey could have been and wouldn’t be done smoothly and perfectly. I am also very thankful to Spraul family for everything as I successfully complete my training without any concern. Third, I am greatly thankful to my family no one has been important to me to pursue this Internship, also for their never ending support and motivating me when I’m losing my strength when I was about t to give up already especially to Claudia Beatriz for being my inspiration throughout my internship and also for her everlasting love . Fourth, to my co- workers in that farm Daniel Demitru Gilca, Daria Litvinova, Marius Simu, Maria Simu, Nicolae Plezsca, Danut Ciama, Costel Badea and George Badea. I just want to say my thanks for their help during my internship days for the friendship as well and always got my back when I need it the most. Fifth, to the office staff of Advanced Education Program Office staff for helping me to pursue my internship, the International Training Center staff for giving me this opportunity to do my Internship overseas and also to the Praktikum Global who find and gave me a chance to do this training. iii Six, I would also want to give my gratitude to Mrs. Olivia Magpily for her help in the time that I am at stake for giving me a chance and be my guarantor when I need one and especially I would like to express my sincerest gratitude and appreciation to my Internship adviser, Mr. Ho Ngoc Son, a Deputy Director, Agriculture and Forestry Research & Development Center for Mountainous Region (ADC) also a Forestry Faculty in Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry for his support and guidance to have a better result of my paper. Lastly, I am grateful to Pauline Damaso and Erika Padlan for helping to check and for editing my report. For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the LORD,” plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and future. Jeremiah 29:11 Thai Nguyen, October 2019 Alysza Villene Abustan Oandasan Student iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... 1 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................... 3 Chapter I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 4 1.1 Rationale .......................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Objectives and the Goals ................................................................................. 6 1.2.1 Employer’s Objectives ................................................................................. 6 1.2.2 Student Intern’s Objectives .......................................................................... 6 1.2.3 Farm’s Objectives......................................................................................... 6 1.2.4 The Goals of the Farm.................................................................................. 6 1.3 Contents of Work ............................................................................................ 6 1.3.1 Post harvesting ............................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 Harvesting .................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Profile of the Cooperating Agency and Farm ................................................. 7 1.4.1 Brief Introduction of the Cooperating Agency and Farm ............................ 7 1.4.1.1 Cooperating Agency.................................................................................. 7 1.4.1.1.1 History of ITC ........................................................................................ 8 1.4.1.1.2 International Training and Development Center (ITC) Mission ........... 9 1.4.1.2 Farm........................................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 Background of the training supervisor/ owner and his/her position .......... 10 1.4.3 Frequency meeting with the training supervisor/owner............................. 10 1.5 Description of the Activities ......................................................................... 10 1.5.1 Work Plan ................................................................................................... 10 Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................. 13 2.1 International Literature Review .................................................................... 13 2.2 National Literature Review ........................................................................... 18 Chapter III: METHODOLOGY .......................................................................... 21 3.1 Materials needed during the student’s OJT................................................... 21 v 3.2 Time in the working place............................................................................. 23 3.2.1 Duration of the Internship .......................................................................... 23 3.2.1.1 The working hours .................................................................................. 23 3.2.1.2 Total months of work .............................................................................. 23 3.2.1.2.1 Based on contract ................................................................................. 23 3.2.1.2.2 Month’s that only consumed ......................................................... 23 3.3Fruit harvest season ........................................................................................ 23 3.4 Location of the fruits that harvested.............................................................. 24 3.4.1 Strawberry .................................................................................................. 24 3.4.2 Cherry ........................................................................................................ 24 3.4.3.Plum............................................................................................................ 24 3.4.4 Apples......................................................................................................... 24 3.4.5 Grapes......................................................................................................... 24 3.5 Five Kinds of Fruit Analysis ......................................................................... 25 Chapter IV: RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNED ................ 26 4.1 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 The number of hectares that the fruit farm have ........................................ 26 4.1.2 The problem that the farm have and/or happened...................................... 26 4.2 Lesson Learned ............................................................................................. 27 4.2.1 Did all the objectives achieved during the OJT ......................................... 27 4.2.2 Skills learned throughout the Internship .................................................... 28 4.2.3 Work Experience/ Challenges Experience/Observation ............................ 28 4.3 Self-Assessment/ Result ................................................................................ 35 4.3.1 Did the Internship contribute to the student’s academic, personal development and reach personal goals? .............................................................. 35 4.3.2 How do the student value the overall result of the OJT? ........................... 35 Chapter V:CONCLUSION ................................................................................. 36 REFERENCES: ................................................................................................... 38 APPENDIECES .................................................................................................. 42 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 : Tools and Equipment………………………………………………..22 Figure 2 : Strawberry…………………………………………………………...29 Figure 3 : A Deformed Strawberry……………………………………………...29 Figure 4 : Cherry………………………...……………………………………...30 Figure 5 : Plum………………………………………………………………….30 Figure 6 : Apples…………………………………………...…………………..31 Figure 7: A Deformed Apple……………………………………………………33 Figure 8: Grapes……………………………………………………………..…33 Figure 9 : Aligning of the grapes’ stem………………………………………..34 1 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Schedule to follow…………..………………………………………...11 Table 2: Work Plan in English version…………………………………………12 Table 3: Gant chart of fruit harvest season………...…………………………....23 Table 4: Fruit Analysis……………………………………………………….…25 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CO2 Carbon dioxide GHG Green House Gas ITC International Training and Development Center TUAF Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry ZAV Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung 3 Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale The International Training and Development Center (ITC) is a program that helps the student of TUAF to pursue there On the-Job-Training in another country with the partnership of Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung (ZAV). ZAV is an agency that helps and gives the chance to do a practicum (praktikum) overseas like in Germany, they find a fruit farm where can the trainees can conduct their internships. ITC is located at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry while ZAV is based in Bonn but it is formerly in Frankfurt am Main in Germany. In Germany, it is the nation with the longest custom in natural cultivating and showcasing for health products. At South Western part of Germany in BadenWürttemberg, they are excellent in making Liqueurs made up of fruits like Strawberries, Cherries, Plum, Apple, Grapes and etc.. The intern student involved in the mentioned fruits whereas harvested in different months according to the peak season of the fruit. Moreover, the most common problem in fruit farming is the Climate change, thus, no one can forecast the weather due to climate changing. At Spraul’s farm at BadenWürttemberg in Ulm Renchen, Germany they grow different kinds of fruits like Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry), Prunus avium (cherry), Prunus domestica (Plum), Malus domestica (Apple) and Vitis (Grapes). It is located in different places. Additionally, another problem in the farm were the changes in temperature and water availability in the farm. Moreover, no one was incapable to tell when it will rain or when will be the day that is warmth just as having a superior climate. In the farm, water is significant so when it is drizzling, the natural product trees can have more water besides 4 of watering them and the natural products are getting larger compared to the standard size. However, when there is an excess of downpour or an overwhelming precipitation the topsoil can be washed off that may cause flooding the natural organic product trees. Thus, it was difficult to work since the soil was slippery whenever it was raining. Similarly, the usual issue in every farm was the dry season, it is the none precipitation or supplemental water framework for some time sufficient to deplete soil debilitate and damage plants. In short, Dry season was the worst, the water availability was not enough for the fruit trees to ingest for the roots to be in good shape. So the organic products are smaller than the typical size or/and it dried out. Furthermore, changing of weather was influencing the workers work in the farm, they cannot do their tasks well, especially when it has too much heat and precipitation. In addition, during neared winter it was difficult to work with a low temperature that leads to freeze. Thus, in changing of climate, the laborers can easily get an ailment that may influence the works in the farm. However, if there was some individual involved in the incident that may cause a worker an accident that need a long time rest, it turns out to be a big troublesome and dull for the other laborers since it multiplied their task. The task given to the student intern were post-harvesting that involved of packaging of the fruits that have been harvested, taking care of the fruits trees such as removing, controlling the pest and the fruit that have been deformed, and also the harvesting. There were five (5) fruits that they have, the interns and the laborers’ will work independently with similar task in the different harvest season of the fruits. 5 1.2 Objectives and the Goals 1.2.1 Employer’s Objectives The employer’s objectives must work independently, good, fast and finish the task excellently, and most importantly, always be on time during working hours. 1.2.2 Student Intern’s Objectives The student intern’s objectives are to have experience in a reputed organization/farm offering the opportunity, to enhance the abilities and be knowledgeable in farming, and to have idea or any information about fruit farming. 1.2.3 Farm’s Objectives The farm’s objectives are to have a good harvest so that it can gain and earn good profit and to continue the farm as currently it is. 1.2.4 The Goals of the Farm The goals of the farm are to have better quality of fruits that can be harvested and to have more information about different kinds of fruits especially in strawberry, cherry, apples, plum and grapes. 1.3 Contents of Work List of the student made during the internship are: 1.3.1 Post harvesting In the farm, the workers and the student interns taking care of the fruit trees especially during the growth season the trees are very sensitive in that days so in every fruit tree they remove the dry leaves, fungus, and the weeds have been removed. In addition the growth of the apple the task is to remove the excess fruits and/or removed 6 the apples that have abnormality/misshaped (fig. 6 and 7) while in grapes the task was aligning the stem of the grapes upward (fig.9) so when the harvest season occurs it is easy to cut the fruit. Furthermore, the workers also did the weighing and transporting the fruits that have been harvested. 1.3.2 Harvesting Harvesting is a process of gathering the acceptable fruits for specific purposes. In the farm, harvesting of strawberries, cherry, apples, plum, grapes for winery and also for selling in the market (fig.2,fig.4,fig.5, fig.6 and fig. 8). It was harvested manually using the bare hands to protect the quality of the fruit and to avoid the bruise that will leads to fast deterioration and unacceptable of the fruit 1.4 Profile of the Cooperating Agency and Farm 1.4.1 Brief Introduction of the Cooperating Agency and Farm 1.4.1.1 Cooperating Agency ITC have an internship program that helps the national and the international students at Thai Nguyen University, they use their connection overseas to help the student to find a place where they can conduct there internship together with the Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung (ZAV) also known as Praktikum Global who give the chance and the opportunity to the students. They teach trainees and apprentices to farms, nurseries, and fruit farms, they will look for the best place that can try your knowledge and skills as well as to enhanced it. 7 Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung (ZAV) was based on Bonn (formerly Zentralstelle für Arbeitsvermittlung in Frankfurt am Main ) It is in charge everything being equal and gatherings of individuals who don't have a locally delimited work showcase, for example, craftsmen, gifted specialists from the stage and film division or supervisors in the executives. Incompletely in participation with the neighborhood business organizations, the ZAV executes different projects that enable remote laborers to work in Germany for a specific timeframe (WIKIPEDIA. n.d). 1.4.1.1.1 History of ITC International Training and Development Center (ITC) under administration of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry – Thai Nguyen University, which was initially named International Training Center and Overseas Study Advisory Service, was set up on fifth April 2006, which incorporate the accompanying obligations: (1) Establishing and actualizing global instructional classes at both undergrad and graduate levels; (2) Conducting understudy and speaker trade programs; (3) Seeking and investigating household and universal grant programs; (4) Organizing momentary English instructional classes; (5) Setting-up association with outside accomplices for structure collaboration programs in training and other related perspectives (TUAF.2012) Nowaday, the Center has set up increasingly new missions planning to fulfill the universal needs of instruction and preparing mix: actualizing Student Exchange, Internship Programs, Overseas warning administration and so on. For structure, the Management Board of ITC has effectively assembled its association structure and the executives instrument including undergrad and postgraduate program the executives, understudy the executives, instructive quality investigation framework, looking for 8 grant projects and abroad examination warning, organization and bookkeeping framework (TUAF.2012). 1.4.1.1.2 International Training and Development Center (ITC) Mission ITC is mandated to provide highly qualified human resources and promote international cooperation. The Center is a pathway to becoming a trusted unit in education and training which brings students various opportunities of approaching advanced education systems and meet the human resource demand of industrialization, modernization, and global integration. (TUAF.2012) 1.4.1.2 Farm Spraul’s farm was started at the year of 1970 it was 49 years and counting in farm business. Anton and Martha Spraul were the one who established the said farm, at first it is not only about fruits, it also have an animals but when his son Peter Spraul take over the business at the year 1976 they did not continue the animal farming and he just focus on fruit farming and they expand their land to grow more and different kinds of fruits. Until Peter’s son take over the farming business he just maintain what it was and also expand their land. In their farm there workers are all from the land of Romania but when Patric Michael Spraul take over he accept an intern student to work or do the internship. In fact, All the fruits that they harvested most of it was brought to the winery at Renchen, Germany they are one of the supplier of fruits to the winery, some of the fruits was delivered to some supermarkets or they just put it at the front of their house. 9 1.4.2 Background of the training supervisor/ owner and his/her position Patric Michael Spraul was the third generation owner of their farming business he was an Obstbauer (farmer) the same with his father, he finished his study at Ministerium Ländlicher Raumat Baden-Württemberg, he was certified as state expert in fruit production (Staatlich Geprüfter Wirtschafter für Obstbau). 1.4.3 Frequency meeting with the training supervisor/owner The student intern meet him every day like what the trainee stated that her boss, Patric Michael Spraul, helps during the working hours in the month of May to first week of August, However, by August to September they only encounter there boss few times because the boss have personal things to do by his own and work is not that much like the previous months passed. By October, the first one week and a half she often meet him again but only every morning for the reason of he’s the one who drive for the two interns and the one worker to their working site, this begin when the one employee needs to go back in there country and they also see each other sometimes in the afternoon. After that week the whole Spraul’s family help to harvest because it should be finished before the cold season comes but even though it’s not yet winter time the weather is like its already winter season. The owner gave the workers and trainees a work plan (Table 1 Schedule to follow and Table 2 English version). 1.5 Description of the Activities 1.5.1 Work Plan The boss gave a Working Plan for the student interns to follow from spring to winter harvest seasons. 10 Table 1: Schedule to follow(Work Plan) Kalender woche 1 Woche 2-3 Woche 4-10 Woche 11-18 Woche 19-26 Woche Aufgabenbe- reich Auszuübende, detaillier beschriebe Tätigkeiten (ggfs, zu erwerbende Qualifikation/ / Abteilung en Allegemeine Einweisung in die Betriebsstrukturen, Kennnenlernen eines Obstbaubetriebes Einführung Erlernen des Obstbaumsortimentes und deren klimatischer Anforderungen, Produkte, Böden, Bodenbestandteile und Bodenarten bestimmen, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Erde und Substrate Erden und Substraten beschreiben, Erden und Substrate verwenden Überwachung der Langzeiträume, Bodenproben entnehmen, Bedarfsplanung u. Beschaffung der Bäume, Sch ädlingskontrolle (Läuse, Blütenstecher, ,Mehltau), Frühlings-phase Krebsstellen ausschneiden, Winterschnitt bis zur Blüte, Baumausfälle ersetzen (wegen Krebsbefall, Mäuse- u. Hasenfraß). Bodenlockerung, Beregnung vorbereiten, Wasservorrat planen Mechanische Unkrautentfernung, Fruchtbehangskontrolle, jung Bäume warden ‘ in Form gebracht’. Mähen und Mulchen der Fahrgassen, um die Bodendynamik zu fördern, Kirschund Pflaumenernte, Bewässerung bei Bedarf, Kompostausbringung, Planung der neuen Sommer-phase Pflanzungen, Sommerschnitt- Entfernung der nicht benötigten Wassertriebe, Entfernung der mit Mehltau befallen Triebe. Die Ernte, geplant anhand sorgfältiger Beurteilung der Reife, Sommer- oder. Die Ernte, geplant anhand sorgfältiger Beurteilung der Reife, Sommer- oder Belichtungsschnitt, für eine gute Ausfärbung und Gesundheit der Äpfel, Roden / Gerüste erstellen für neue Pflanzungen, Gras kurz halten um Schnecjen und Blattwespen zu Erntephase unterdrüken und Mäusen keine Deckung zu gewähren, Lager reinigen, auf Dichtigkeit prüfen; vorkühlen. Lagerplanung zum Qualitätserhalt, Aufbereitung und Verkauf des Obstes, Gräben ausmähen und den Wasserabfluss für den Winter organisieren. Fachbetreuer/ -in Patric Spraul Patric Spraul Patric Spraul Patric Spraul Patric Spraul Note: this is the Deutsch version of the working plan 11 Table 2:Work Plan English version Calendar week Area of responsibility /department Activities to be carried out, described in detail (if applicable, qualification to be acquired) Expert adviser 1 week General Introduction Instruction in the operational structures, getting to know a fruit-growing company. Patric Spraul 2-3 weeks Product, earth, soil and substrate 4-10 weeks Spring phase 11-18 weeks Summer phase 19-26 weeks Harvest Phase Learn the fruit tree assortment and determine its climatic requirements, soil constituents and soil types, describe the composition and properties of earths and substrates, use earths and substrates. Monitoring the long-term periods, taking soil samples, planning requirements and. Procurement of trees, pest control (lice, flower stingers, mildew), cutting out cancerous areas, winter cut to flowering, replacing tree outbreaks (due to cancer, mice and hare feeding), soil loosening, preparing irrigation, planning to store water. Mechanical weed removal, fruit control, young trees are "brought into shape", mowing and mulching the lanes to promote soil dynamics, cherry and plum harvest, irrigation when needed, composting, planning of new plantings, summer cut removal of unneeded water shoots, Removal of mildew-infested shoots. Harvest, planed on the basis of careful assessment of the maturity, summer or exposure cut, for a good discoloration and health of the apples, clearing / creating scaffolding for new plantings, keeping grass short so as not to cover the mice, cleaning the stock, to check for leaks; Pre-cooling, storage planning to maintain quality, preparation and sale of the top, mowing ditches and organizing the water drainage for the winter. Patric Spraul Patric Spraul Patric Spraul Patric Spraul Note: this is the English version of the working plan 12 Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 International Literature Review To begin with, Atmosphere effect studies have reliably anticipated broad effects to the horticultural division from environmental change over the globe (Tol et.al, 2002). In Agricultural production in most part of the world will confront less unsurprising climate conditions than mankind experienced amid the escalated of farming over the last century. In addition, Weather extremes will ended up overwhelming, flexibility and adaptiveness are unused prerequisites picking up significance for advancement in farming (Kadir, S., Sidhu, G., & Al-Khatib, K., 2006) Moreover, climate impact have reliably anticipated broad effects to the horticultural part from environmental change over the world and As effects of environmental change have turned out to be obvious, adjustment has pulled in expanding consideration. Thus, the effects are relied upon to be especially extreme in the creating scene and among minimized networks on account of constrained versatile limit. In addition, Adjustment is a significant column for the reaction to environmental change, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports feature the correlative jobs of moderation and adjustment in atmosphere arrangement. Especially, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) (IPCC, 2007). Changes in temperature have just caused longer developing seasons and started to affect phenological stages (Wolfe et al., 2005) and particularly temperature impacts on propagation, and survival. Thus, most likely environmental change will require versatile administration procedures to adapt. A few analysts anticipate that specific insect pests, infection, and weeds may endure or even replicate all the more regularly 13