Tài liệu Ebook surprising solids

DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Math Concept Reader Surprising Solids ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 1 1/8/07 9:51:52 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 2 1/8/07 9:51:52 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Math Concept Reader Surprising Solids by Linda Bussell Copyright © Gareth Stevens, Inc. All rights reserved. Developed for Harcourt, Inc., by Gareth Stevens, Inc. This edition published by Harcourt, Inc., by agreement with Gareth Stevens, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Permissions Department, Gareth Stevens, Inc., 330 West Olive Street, Suite 100, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. Fax: 414-332-3567. HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt, Inc., registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 13: 978-0-15-360182-8 ISBN 10: 0-15-360182-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 179 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 1 1/8/07 9:51:52 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Chapter 1: Pyramids and Plans The students at King School return from school break. They gather near the library before Computer Club and talk about what they did on the break. Emily says, “I visited my grandmother in Paris, France.” She shares a postcard of the city where her grandmother lives. “There is a building shaped like a pyramid in the city,” says Emily. “It is outside a big art museum.” Other students look at the picture. Tamara says she has seen a picture of a building shaped like a sphere, and Terrell has seen a building that looks like a cube.  ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 2 1/8/07 9:51:52 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF The class decides to make a Web site about buildings shaped like geometric solids. Terrell has an idea. “We can make a Web site for our computer club project,” he says. “It can be about buildings that are shaped like geometric solids. One of the buildings can be the one shaped like a pyramid from Emily’s postcard.” The students agree and think that it will be a fun project. “First we must find pictures of buildings,” says Antonio. “Then we can build our Web site.” “Let’s ask the librarian and the computer teacher for help,” says Emily. The children enter the school library and the computer lab.  ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 3 1/8/07 9:51:54 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF These students are doing research to find different buildings with shapes like geometric solids. They visit the librarian, Mr. Bowen, and explain their idea for the project. “This will be an interesting project,” says Mr. Bowen. “I will help you find books that meet your needs. Our library has many books about buildings.” They visit the computer teacher, Ms. Washington. “I will help you design your Web site,” says Ms. Washington. “I will help you with Internet research, too.” The students want to use photos on their Web site, and Ms. Washington reminds them to give credit to the photographer when they use pictures that are not theirs.  ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 4 1/8/07 9:51:57 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Chapter 2: Cubes, Spheres, and Curious Solids With the help of Mr. Bowen and Ms. Washington, the students find lots of information and talk about how to make the Web site. “We should work in pairs,” says Antonio. It will make the project go faster.” “That is a good idea,” says Tamara. “Each pair should find a picture and information, and then share the information with the group.” “Each pair can learn about a different solid,” says Robert. “That way we can make sure to include many types of solids. Then we will build our Web site.”  ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 5 1/8/07 9:51:57 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF This is the United Nations building in New York, New York. Ana and Terrell work together to find a picture and information about a solid figure. They talk about rectangular prisms. “Rectangular prisms are solid figures,” Ana says. “They have six faces that are all rectangles.” Terrell looks at a Web site on the computer. “Many office buildings are shaped like rectangular prisms,” he says. Ms. Washington helps Ana and Terrell search for pictures of buildings. They find pictures of many office buildings, most of which are shaped like rectangular prisms. One building shaped like a rectangular prism is the United Nations building in New York City.  ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 6 1/8/07 9:51:59 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF This is the Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana, California. Antonio and Nicole look for pictures of buildings shaped like cubes. “Cubes are a special kind of rectangular prism,” says Antonio. “Cubes have six square faces.” Nicole says, “All the square faces of a cube are exactly the same.” Ms. Washington helps Antonio and Nicole search the Internet. They search for “cube buildings” and find a building in California that looks like a cube. It is the Discovery Science Center building. “The cube is ten stories tall,” Antonio says. “One face of the cube is covered with 464 solar panels that turn sunlight into energy.”  ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 7 1/8/07 9:52:01 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF These are the Great Pyramids in Giza, Egypt. Emily and Jessica study pyramids. “A square pyramid has a base that is a square,” Emily says. “Its four triangleshaped faces all meet at one common point. The base is a face, too.” “Can we find a picture of the Great Pyramids?” asks Jessica. “They are in Egypt.” Mr. Bowen helps them find a picture of the Great Pyramids in a book about Egypt. “The Pyramids are very old,” says Jessica. “They were built more than 4,500 years ago, and many scientists believe it took over 20 years to build one of the Great Pyramids.”  ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 8 1/8/07 9:52:02 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF This is a sphere-shaped building in Orlando, Florida. Some solids do not have flat faces, but instead have curved surfaces. Anthony and Robert learn about spheres. “Spheres are solids that are round,” says Anthony. “A sphere is shaped like a ball.” “Every point on the curved surface of a sphere is the same distance from the center,” Robert says. Mr. Bowen points out that buildings usually are not true spheres because a sphere would only touch the ground at one point. Anthony finds a picture of a structure that looks like a sphere. Robert reads about the building. It is the Spaceship Earth building in Orlando, Florida.  ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 9 1/8/07 9:52:05 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF These cylinder-shaped buildings are in Los Angeles, California. Erin and Kai learn about cylinders. “Cylinders are solids that look like cans,” says Kai. “Two faces on a cylinder are shaped like circles.” Ms. Washington helps them find pictures of buildings that look like cylinders. “Some water towers are shaped like cylinders,” says Erin. “Water towers are used to provide water pressure.” Erin and Kai also look for buildings shaped like cones, but they do not find any. Ms. Washington suggests they look for buildings that have parts shaped like cones. She offers to help them with their search. 10 ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 10 1/8/07 9:52:05 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF The castle’s towers have cone-shaped tops. A cone is a solid, pointed figure. It has a flat, round base and one curved surface. Ms. Washington finds a picture of a castle. The castle has a tower, known as a turret, with a cone-shaped roof. Erin and Kai plan to make a Web page for buildings that have cone shapes. “Some buildings are made of different solid shapes put together,” says Ms. Washington. “Let’s find buildings that have more than one shape,” says Erin. “We can make a Web page of buildings with combined shapes,” says Kai. 11 ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 11 1/8/07 9:52:07 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Chapter 3: Open House The students finish their research about solid figures, and Ms. Washington helps them build their Web pages. Then, the students help Erin and Kai. They find many buildings made of more than one solid figure. They add more Web pages to display the pictures they find. These are the most interesting pages of all. Finally, the students finish their project. They complete their Web site about buildings shaped like solid figures. They are pleased because the Web site has turned out very well. The students plan to show it during Open House. All of their parents will see it. 12 ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 12 1/8/07 9:52:08 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF The Winnie Palmer Hospital in Orlando, Florida, has buildings with several solid figures. On the night of the Open House, parents, teachers, and students visit the library. They come to see the Web site that the students in the computer club created. They have heard many good things about it. People gather around to see the final project. The students talk about their Web site. Each visitor has a favorite Web page, but everyone likes the pictures of complex solids. Those Web pages show buildings that combine two or more solid figures, such as the Winnie Palmer Hospital in Orlando, Florida. 13 ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 13 1/8/07 9:52:09 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Part of this office building in Vienna, Austria, is cube-shaped. One Web page shows an office building in Vienna, Austria. It is made of different solid figures. The students point out some of the solid figures for their visitors. “Look at this building,” says Terrell. “Here is a rectangular prism.” “This building looks like it has many rectangular prisms,” says Nicole. “I wish I could walk around it and see the other sides. This part is shaped like a cube.” Soon, visitors take turns trying to name the solids they find. 14 ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 14 1/8/07 9:52:12 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF These cube-shaped apartments are in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The students share another Web page. The top of one building in Amsterdam is made of a row of cubes, and each cube has a vertex pointing toward the sky. “I wonder what it would be like to walk around inside this building,” says Kai. “How would they hang pictures on the wall?” “The computer club has done an excellent job,” says Mr. Bowen. “You have learned many things about solids,” says Ms. Washington. The visitors congratulate the students. The club members smile. The students had fun, and the visitors did, too. 15 ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 15 1/8/07 9:52:14 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Glossary cone a solid, pointed figure that has a flat, round base cube a solid figure with six congruent square faces cylinder a solid or hollow object that is shaped like a can pyramid a solid figure with a flat, square base and four triangular-shaped faces that meet at one common point rectangular prism a solid figure with six faces that are all rectangles sphere a solid figure that has the shape of a round ball Photo credits: cover (main images, center inset), p. 10 © Corbis; cover (left inset), p. 7 Discovery Science Center; cover (right inset), p. 9 © Richard T. Nowitz/Corbis; p. 3 © Tony Freeman/Photo Edit; p. 4 © Mary Kate Denny/Photo Edit; p. 6 © David Pollack/Corbis; p. 8 © Kazuyoshi Nomachi/Corbis; p. 11 © Patrick Ward/Corbis; p. 13 Jonathan Bailey Associates; p. 14 F. Staud/w w w.phototravels.net; Frans Lemmens/Iconica/Getty Images. 16 ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 16 1/8/07 9:52:14 PM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Think and Respond 1. How are a sphere and a cylinder alike? How are they different? 2. Draw a solid figure with a base that is a square and four faces that are triangles with a common point. What did you draw? 3. Name and describe at least three solid figures from the picture on page 13. 4. What shape building would you most like to live in? Why? ca34os_lay_070107ac_cr.indd 17 1/8/07 9:52:14 PM