Tài liệu Ebook making music natalie goldstein

Genre Nonfiction Comprehension Skill Cause and Effect Text Features • • • • Call Outs Captions Labels Glossary Science Content Forces and Sound Scott Foresman Science 1.9 ISBN 0-328-13759-6 ì<(sk$m)=bdhfjg< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U Vocabulary Extended Vocabulary attract force gravity magnet pole repel speed vibrate instrument musical note pluck rhythm sound vibration Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 4 Park Street/PhotoEdit. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13759-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 What did you learn? 1. How do musical instruments make sound? 2. How do you play a wind instrument? 3. by NatalieHow Goldstein much air is in a bottle can change what kind of sound is made when you blow into it. Write to explain how this works. Use words from the book as you write. 4. Cause and Effect What things must happen for a piano to make music? What You Already Know Force is a push or pull that can move things. There are different kinds of force. You push a sled to make it move. Your push is a force. You use force to throw a ball. The force of gravity makes the ball fall to the ground. Gravity pulls things toward the ground. You throw a ball with a lot of force. It moves fast. You throw a ball with less force. It moves slowly. Speed is how quickly or slowly something moves. Things move in different ways. Things can move up and down. Things can move right to left. Other things move in a straight line, a curve, or a zigzag. Things can be in different places. 2 A magnet makes some metal things move. A magnet has a north pole and a south pole. Poles that are different attract each other. Attract means to pull toward. Poles that are the same repel each other. Repel means to push away. When a sound is made something vibrates. Vibrate means to move back and forth very fast. When you hit a drum, the force makes it vibrate. The vibrating drum makes sound. Sounds are all around. People make sounds. Nature makes sounds. You will read how musical sounds are made. 3 Sound and Music When something vibrates, the air around it vibrates too. The vibration moves through the air. You hear sound when the vibration gets to your ears. Instruments vibrate to make sounds. A musical sound is called a note. Sound vibrations move through the air. This makes the grains of rice jump. Different musical instruments make different sounds that we can hear. 4 Blowing air into a recorder makes vibrations. Tapping piano keys makes vibrations too. Hitting a pot makes it vibrate like a drum. Different musical instruments make the air vibrate differently. So different instruments make different sounds. 5 Percussion Tambourine Some instruments make sound when you hit or shake them. These are percussion instruments. A xylophone (ZEYE-luh-fohn) has bars. Tapping the bars with a stick makes the bars vibrate. Different bars make different sounds. Drum Tambourines and drums vibrate when they are hit. Maracas vibrate when the seeds inside them move. Notes start and stop at different times. This is called a rhythm (RITH-uhm). Hit a drum. BOOM ba ba BOOM! The drum plays the rhythm. Xylophone Maracas 6 7 Blowing Notes You blow air into some instruments. The air vibrates inside the instrument. The vibrations make sound. Bottles that have a little water inside also have lots of air inside. Blowing into them makes the air vibrate. Low sounds happen. What kind of sounds happen when you blow into a bottle with lots of water? Harmonica Bassoon Oboe Instruments you blow into are called wind instruments. A recorder is a wind instrument. Blow into a recorder. The air inside vibrates. A recorder has small holes on one side. Covering different holes changes how the air inside vibrates. It makes different musical notes. Recorder 8 9 Strings and Things Brass instruments are wind instruments made of metal. Trumpet Many brass instruments have curves. The curves change the way the air inside vibrates. This makes different musical sounds. Some brass instruments have keys to press. Some have a slide that moves. Keys and slides help change notes. Some instruments have strings to pluck, or pull. The strings vibrate. This makes the air inside the instrument move. Sound is made. A guitar (gi-TAR) may have six strings. Thin strings make high notes. Thick strings make low notes. Guitar Tuba Trombone 10 11 Harp Strings There are strings inside a piano. Cello Violin Keys A violin (veye-uh-LIN) is a string instrument. A bow moves the strings. The air inside the instrument vibrates. Fingers press the strings down as the bow moves. Pressing different strings makes different notes. 12 A cello (CHEL-oh) is like a big violin. Because it is bigger, it has more air inside. A cello makes lower notes than a violin. There are strings inside a piano. Near each string is a tiny hammer. Tap a piano key. One hammer moves. It hits one string. The string vibrates and makes a note. 13 Playing Together All musical sounds are made by vibrating air. Vibrations in musical instruments, water bottles, and singing voices all make sounds. A little air vibrating makes a different sound than a lot of air vibrating. Different instruments vibrate in different ways. This is why instruments make different musical sounds. Together, the sounds can make many kinds of music. Cymbals Clarinet French horn Cello Violin 14 15 Extended Vocabulary Vocabulary Glossary instrument attract force instrument gravity magnet musical pole repel note speed vibrate pluck musical something notethat makes music pluck havingrhythm to do with music sound a musical sound vibration rhythm the way notes start and stop sound what happens when vibrating air reaches someone’s ears vibration fast movement back and forth 1. How do musical instruments make sound? 2. How do you play a wind instrument? 3. How much air is in a bottle can change what kind of sound is made when you blow into it. Write to explain how this works. Use words from the book as you write. 4. Cause and Effect What things must happen for a piano to make music? to pick or pull Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 4 Park Street/PhotoEdit. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13759-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 16 What did you learn? 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05