Genre
Nonfiction
Comprehension Skill
Alike and Different
Text Features
• Captions
• Glossary
Science Content
Matter
Scott Foresman Science 1.8
ISBN 0-328-13756-1
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Vocabulary
Extended Vocabulary
dissolve
evaporate
gas
liquid
mass
matter
solid
force
hammer
metal
noodles
squash
squeeze
stretch
Picture Credits
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.
The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).
5 (BR) Ezio Geneletti/Getty Images; 10 James Marshall/Corbis; 13 Paul A. Souders/Corbis; 15 Martyn F. Chillmaid/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 3 (BL) Stephen Oliver/DK Images.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson.
ISBN: 0-328-13756-1
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to
Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
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What did you learn?
1. How does matter change shape?
2. What are three ways your hands
can change the shape of matter?
by Donna Foley
3.
Heat can
change matter. Write to describe
some ways heat can change
matter. Use words from the book
as you write.
4.
Alike and Different How are
the shape changes of noodles
and suspenders alike? How are
they different?
What You Already Know
Matter is anything that takes up space
and has mass. Matter can be a solid, liquid,
or gas. Solids have their own shapes. They do
not change shape when they move. Liquids
can change shape. They take the shapes of
their containers. Gases can change shape
and size. Air is a gas.
Matter can change in many ways.
Different kinds of matter can mix.
Some solids can dissolve in liquids.
This means that the solid
can spread throughout
the liquid. Some liquids
can evaporate.
Evaporate means to
change from a liquid
to a gas.
Matter can change from one kind to
another. Sometimes the change is forever.
Sometimes matter can change back and forth.
Water is a liquid. It can change. Water
freezes when it gets very cold.
It is then ice. Heat melts ice.
Ice changes to water when it
gets warm. Water boils when
it gets hot. It changes to a
gas. This gas is water vapor.
You cannot see water vapor.
In this book you will learn
about ways that other kinds
of matter change shape.
Sugar dissolves in hot drinks.
2
3
Matter and Shape
Different kinds of matter can take
different shapes. Solids keep their own
shapes. Each block has a size and shape
that does not change. Link them together.
They can make a new shape. But each
block stays the same shape.
A block is a solid.
Liquids are different from solids. They
take the shapes of their containers. First the
water takes the shape of the jug. Pour it
into a glass. Now it takes the shape of the glass.
Gases are different from liquids and solids.
They take the shapes of their containers, like
liquids. But they can change size too.
Air in the ball
is a gas.
Water is
a liquid.
4
5
Change It
Force can change the shape of matter.
Force is a push or pull that moves or changes
matter. The hammer hits the candy with
force. The candy breaks into little pieces.
The force of the hammer changes the shape
of the candy. Do you think the hammer has
to hit it with a lot of force?
6
If you stretch a balloon, the
shape will change. If you let it
go, the shape will change back.
Balloons can stretch.
Your hands pull the
balloon. This makes
a force. The balloon
changes shape. When
you let go, it goes back
to the shape it was.
Clay can change
shape too. You can
bend, pull, and push it
to make new shapes.
7
Twist and Bend It
A sponge is matter.
It is a solid. It is soft.
You can squeeze it.
You can twist and bend
it. You can change its
shape. It is twisted up
inside the cup. When you
take it out, it goes back
to the shape it was.
8
Balloons are solids filled with air!
Air is a gas. Balloons change shape
when you twist or bend them.
The air inside the balloon
moves around. Then the
balloon takes a new
shape. It can take the
shape of a hat. It can
take the shape of
an animal too!
The shape of the
sponge changes.
9
Stretch It
The chef is making noodles. Noodles
can stretch before they are cooked. They
change their shape when you pull them.
Look how long and thin they can get.
Some people wear
suspenders. Suspenders
help keep pants up.
Suspenders can stretch.
They change shape
when you pull them. But
they will change back
when you let go of them.
The noodle dough
can stretch a lot!
10
11
Roll and Squash It
You can shape clay again and again.
It is soft and will not break. You can use
the force of your hands to change it.
Blacksmiths
need to heat
metal so they
can shape it.
Metal is a very hard solid. But it can
change shape too. Some adults have jobs
where they need to change the shape of metal
to make new things. They use fire to make the
metal very hot. Then they use a hammer and
other tools to bang and shape it. It takes a lot
of force to change the shape of metal.
12
13
Melt and Cool It
Candles are made of wax.
Wax can change shape too. The
flame makes heat. The heat melts
the wax. It changes from a solid to
a liquid. The wax cools after it drips
down the candle. Then it changes
into a solid again!
Matter can change shape in
many ways. Different kinds of force
make this happen. What other ways
can you think of to use force to
change the shape of matter?
14
15
Extended Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Glossary
force
dissolve
evaporate
force
gas
liquid
mass
hammer
matter
solid
metal
a push orhammer
a pull that moves
metal
or changes
something
noodles
squash
a tool you
use to hit something
squeeze
stretch that is
a hard material
What did you learn?
1. How does matter change shape?
2. What are three ways your hands
can change the shape of matter?
3.
Heat can
change matter. Write to describe
some ways heat can change
matter. Use words from the book
as you write.
4.
Alike and Different How are
the shape changes of noodles
and suspenders alike? How are
they different?
usually shiny
noodles
squash
a food made of flour and water,
and sometimes milk or eggs
to press until something is flat
Picture Credits
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.
The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
squeeze
to push or press hard against
something
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).
5 (BR) Ezio Geneletti/Getty Images; 10 James Marshall/Corbis; 13 Paul A. Souders/Corbis; 15 Martyn F. Chillmaid/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 3 (BL) Stephen Oliver/DK Images.
stretch
to make something longer
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson.
ISBN: 0-328-13756-1
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to
Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
16
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