Tài liệu Di tích lịch sử danh lam thắng cảnh bình thuận (nxb binh thuận 2002) nguyễn văn hùng, 159 trang

ld\U If B i n h T h u a n l a m i e n da't c u o ' i c i i n g c i i a miln Trung, phia N a m giap m i e n D o n g , phia T a y la rifng nui g i a p L a m D o n g . B i n h t h u a n c 6 b d b i e n d a i , c 6 ca h a i dao v a Viang d o n g b a n g , m i e n n i i i . C h i n h nhCng da'c d i e m v e t i f n h i e n d o l a d i e u k i e n t h u a n Icti. d e t i j ' l a u d d i t r e n V U n g d a t n a y d a C 6 r n n n g i f r t i » ; i n h >inno T i e n sur v a Sd sur m a n h S n g (i th(-fj h7lf4?i/kJ(^J:fa^' l ^ ^ ^ f j ^ c p [j^ji^ phat h i e n , khai quat da chiJngtminh sinh d^ftg v e nhGngnen v a nhoa khao c d da qua Vac dau cong nguyen cung da c6 nhieu d a n t o e , n h i e u viTOng quo'c v d i n h i f n g n e n v a n h o a p h a t t r i e n d a d e l a i d e ' n n g a y n a y . T r o n g so' d o c 6 vUcfng quo'c C h a m p a l a m o t t r o n g n h f f n g viTOng quo'c h i i n g m a n h d nhieu the'ky d thdi c d dai va trung dai, c6 m o t n e n v a n h o a p h a t t r i e n r i f e rO n g a n g h a n g v d i c a c n i f d c t r o n g k h u vifc. H p d a de l a i m o t k h d i lu'dng d i s a n I d n v d i nhieu gia tri ve k i e n true, nghe thuat, v a n h o a dan g i a n , m o t h e thd^ng 16 h o i p h o n g p h u , d a d a n g . D a c b i e t v e kie'n true v d i n h i e u n h d m d e n thap, d e n t h d . T r o n g q u a t r i n h m d nu'dc v e p h i a N a m v a tiif k h i t h a n h l a p t i n h B i n h T h u a n ( 1 6 9 7 ) , ngiTdi V i e t d a k e thijTa n h i l n g t h a n h t U u v e v a n h o a c i i a n g u ' d i C h a m v a m o t phan cua cac dan tpc it ngifdi khac, de x a y d y n g m p t n e n v a n h o a t r u y e n thd^ng p h a t t r i e n q u a tufng t h d i k y l i c h suf t r e n c d s d n h f f n g p h o n g t u c , t a p q u a n v a n h o a c u a T o t i e n t a o n e n m o t n e n v a n h o a thd^ng n h a t t r o n g d a d a n g . T r a i t r e n 3 0 0 n a m l i c h su" c a c t h e he T i e n n h a n xiTa d a d e l a i t r e n da't B i n h T h u a n h a n g t r a m d i t i c h c d g i a t r i , d o la n h i l n g c o n g t r i n h kie'n true: t h a p , d i n h , chCia, d e n , m i e u , l a n g m g ... Tuf x i f a l a n h g n g l i i U VIKIN l i r N U 3 UlNH T H U A N yeu to'ca'u thanh ddi song vSn h6a tinh than va tarn linh cua cong dong cac dan toe. NhUng thiet che ton giao, tin ngU'Sng va van hoa do la nhiing di sin daoc ket tinh lai qua ban tay, khoi 6c ciia ong cha chung ta, qua nhieu the he, dUdc boi dap va giiJ gin den ngay nay da ca'u thanh cac di tich lich su" van hoa va danh lam thang canh. Vdi nhffng thong tin ngin ggn, ket hdp hinh anh minh hoa, npi dung cuon sdch nho "Di tich lich suf - van hoa Binh Thuan" ngoai y nghia, noi dung lich su* van hoa ciia cac di tich con mang den cho ngu'di doc niem tif hao ve lich su", truyen thong manh dat con ngUdi Binh Thuan tren 300 nam xay du"ng va phat trien. Hy vong nhiJng di tich lich su" - van hoa va danh lam thang canh dUdc gidi thieu se gop phan thu hiit dong dao nhan dan va du khach trong va ngoai nUdc den tham quan, hu'dng ngoan cac gia tri van hoa, truyen thong di tich va danh thang. Cuon sach bu-dc dau mdi tap hdp, gidi thieu va minh hoa mot so di tich va danh thang d Binh Thuan mot each tom lUOc. Trong nam 2002 da xuat ban 3000 cuon va du'de nhieu ban doc hoan nghenh, nay theo yeu cau cua ban doc, cong ty Co phan Sach - Dich Vu Van Hoa Binh Thuan tai ban lai Ian thiJ 2 c6 chinh siJa lai mot so chi tiet npi dung va hinh thii'c, mpng thpa man du'de yeu cau nhieu doi tu'dng ban dpc, du khach nghien eiJu tham quan khac nhau. Chung toi ra't mong diTdc ban dpc gop y kien. Xin tran trpng gidi thieu cuR'n sach ciang ban dpc. Cong ty C P Phan Sach - Dich Vu Van Hda Binh Thuan Chu tich Hoi dpng Quan Tri kiem Giam DPC Nguyen Van Hung 4 INTRODUCTION Binh Thuan is the Middle's final land area, leaning against the East on the south and bordering with Lam Dong on the west by the mountain and forest. Binh Thuan has long seashore, is lands as well as plain areas and mountainous regions. Those natural characteristics themselves were favorable conditions for some people to live on this land region in the periods of Prehistory and Primitive history whose discovered and excavated archaeological ancient relics vividly proved on the past cultures of archaeology. At the beginning of the era, a lot of peoples and kingdoms also left their developing cultures until today. Among them, Champa kingdom was one of the powerful kingdoms in several centuries in the ancient times and Medieval with a brightly - developing culture on an equal footing with other countries in the area. They have left a large amount of cultural heritage with many values on plentiful and varied architecture, art, folk culture and a system of periodic religious celebrations, especially on the architecture with several groups of tower temples and worship temples. In the process of broadening the country in the South and since the establishment of Binh Thuan province (in 1697), the Vietnamese people have inherited Cham people's cultural achievements and partly from other ethnic minorities', in prder to build a traditional culture developing through each historical period on the basis of our Ancestors' cultural customs and habits creating a united culture in variety. For over 300 historical years, the generations of our ancient Forefathers have left hundreds of valuable places of historical interest on Binh Thuan land. Those are architectural projects such as: towers. Communal houses, pagodas, temples, shrines, mausoleums, royal tombs...etc. In the old times, these were 5 factors contributing to make the peoples' spiritual and mental cultural lives in the community. The institutions of reHgions, religious beliefs and cultures are the heritages crystallized by our fore-fathers' hands and minds through a lot of generations and they have been improved and preserved until now to form the cultural and historical places of interest and scenic beauty and famous ancient relics. With brief information combined with illustrated pictures, the content of this small book " Binh Thuan's cultural - historical places of interest" brings the readers the pride of Binh Thuan people's history and tradition for over 300 years of construction and development besides its cultural and historical content and meaning about these places of interest. We hope that the cultural historical places of interest and beauty spots recommended in this book will contribute to attract lots of people as well as domestic and foreign tourists to come for sight-seeing as well as to enjoy the traditional and cultural values expressed in the places of historical interest and famous scenic beauty in Binh Thuan - our native land. The book, initially just collects, introduce and depicts some vestiges and beauty spots in Binh Thuan. In the year of 2002 we published with the quantity of 3000, and at present, according to demand of the readers, we republish with some amendments to partly satisfy the demand of leaders. We would like to recommend this book to our readers respectfully. , , v. , Binhthuan Cultural Services - Books Share Company Chairman of Management Council holding Director Hung, Nguyen Van >>/• 7.;1 a. 6 DI T I C K L I C H Sir TRlTCfNG ta - Phan Thiet Trtfdng Due Thanh xay dirng nam 1907 (ciang nam xay •di/ng v d i tru'dng D o n g K i n h NghTa Thuc) toa lac tren dia ban ang Thanh DiJc nay la so'nha 39 du'dng Tru'ng Nhi, phu'dng DiJc NghTa, TP. Phan Thiet, de hu^dng iJng phong trao Duy Tan do cu Phan Chu Trinh, Tran Quy Cap va H u y n h Thuc Kha'ng k h d i xUdng. Tru'dng do cac cu Nguyen Trong Loi, Nguyen Quy Anh (hai ngUcfi con cua nha van - thd yeu ntfdc Nguyen Thong) thanh lap. Muc tieu cua phong trao Duy Tan va cua tru'dng la md mang dan tri, thiJc day y thiJc dan toe, noi gio'ng. Day la tru'dng tu" thuc c6 noi dung giang day tien bo nhat d Binh Thuan liic bay gid. Nam 1910 tren du'dng di tim phu'dng citu nu'dc, Thay giao Nguyen Tat Thanh (sau nay la Chu tich Ho Chi Minh) du'dc cu nghe Tru'dng Gia Mo gidi thieu da den Phan Thiet va diTng chan day hoc d tru'dng Due Thanh. Hoc sinh cua tru'dng c6 khoang 60 ngu'di cung 7 thay giao giang day cac bp mon : Han van, Phap van, the due the thao ... Thay Thanh day Idp nhi, chu yeu la day quo'c ngii', Han van. Trong thdi gian day '™ h o c d trifdng D u e Thanh ngoai nhiJng npi dung du'Oc phan cong giang day thay Thanh c o n b a n g tinh c a m ngiTdi thay, ngu'di anh da truyen ba long yeu que hu'dng dat nifdc, noi gio'ng to tien cho hoc sinh. NhCfng gid hoc ngoai khoa, nhiJng luc ranh Thay dan hoc sinh du ngoan canh dep d thi xa Phan Thie't luc bay gid nhiTbai bien ThUdng Chanh, dong lang Thieng, dinh lang DiJc NghTa. Vao khoang thang 2 nam 1911 thay Thanh rdi trifdng Due Thanh va Phan Thiet vao Sai Gon vu'dt dai du'dng di tim con di/dng giai phong dan toe. Mot vai nam sau, ong Nguyen Trong Loi qua ddi, ong Nguyen Quy Anh ehuyen vao Sai Gon, khong con ngu'di phu trach va nhieu ly do khaeh quan khac nen tru'dng dong ciJa vao nam 1912. Ngoi tru'dng xifa Bac day da bj h\i h6ng va dS bo tijf lau. Nhu'ng trong I so hoe sinh thay Thanh day nam xu'aj van con 4 cu con so'ng. Do la bac sTl Nguydn Quy Phau, bac sT Nguyin Kim I Chi, cu TiJf Trirdng Phung, cu Nguyen! Dang Lau. Sau ngay que hu'dng dirdcj giai phong, nguyen vong cua nhan dani la muo'n phuc che lai ngoi tru'dng Duel Thanh xu'a de to long biet dn Bac Hoj kinh yeu va giao due truyen tho'ng yeul nrfde cho eac the he hien nay va mai| sau. Nhd nhu'ng ky iJc, ky niem eiial edc eu, vj tri ngoi tru'dng va nhu'ng thanhl phan kien true noi, ngoai that du'de hinhl thanh qua eac ban ve va difdc difng laij tijfnhffngnam 1978 - 1980. Nha Ngif du'de xay diTng naml 1906 va tiif nam 1908 trci di dung la ml ndi noi trii ciia hoe sinh cung du'de khi phuc lai. 8 Bao Tang Ho Chi Minh - Phan Thiet Ngpa du sao la ngoi nha du'de xay difng vao nam 1880 cua cu Nguyen Thong. Vap nhilng nam eup'i ddi cu Nguyen Thong d tai can nha nay ngam thd binh van va luan ban cong viec vdi eac sT phu yeu nUde. Liic ci tru'dng Due Thanh thay Thanh doe sach, soan bai 5 Ngpa du sao, ngoi nha nay eung difdc tu bd lai, hien vat ben trong bi xao trpn va mat mat kha nhieu. Cay Khe, gieng nifde gin bo vdi cupe ddi lam Thay cua Bac Hp cl Due Thanh nen np eung la diem chinh trpng Khu di tich. Nhu'ng hien vat gpc lii thdi thay Thanh day hpc den nay van cpn lu^i gill lai : Mpt bp tru'dng ky, mpt bp van, chie'e an thu, mpt chiee tii diJng, trap van thu', nghien mai mUc, 3 ehiec ly nhp,l chie'e khay. Tat ea deu cu ky nhu'ng diTdc ca't gii? bap quan tPt. D P la nhu'ng ky vat thieng lieng gan lien vdi thdi gian va lieh siJ cua nhu'ng ngay day hpc ngan ngui d Phan Thiet cua thay giap Nguyen Tat Thanh. Ben canh Khu di tich Nha trUng bay ve cupe ddi hpat dong Cach mang cua Bac Ho cung du'de xay diTng va khanh thanh nam 1986. Di tich Due Thanh diTdc Bp Van hda thpng tin xep hang Di tich lieh su" qupc gia tai Quyet dinh .sp 235/QD-BT ngay 12 thang 12 nam 1986. 9 OL : A PLACE OF ^TERESTS DtJ( Due Thanh school was built in 1907 (also the year when Dong Kinh Nghia Thuc school was built), located in the area of Thanh Due village now 39 Trung Nhi street. Due Nghia quarter, Phan Thiet city; in order to respond to Duy Tan movement instigated by Mr Phan Chu Trinh, Mr. Tran Quy Cap and Mr. Huynh Thuc Khang. This school was founded by Mr. Nguyen Trong Loi and Mr. Nguyen Quy Anh (the patriotic poet - writer Nguyen Thong's two children). The purposes of Duy Tan movement and Due Thanh school were to develop the people's intellectual standards and to arouse the people and the race's sense. This was a private school with the most progressive teaching content in Binh Thuan at that time. In 1910, on the way to find the solution to save the country, teacher Nguyen Tat Thanh (later President Ho Chi Minh) came to Phan Thiet and stopped his feet to teach at Due Thanh school according to the introduction of Mr. Truong Gia Mo - a holder of doctor's degree in Sino - Vietnamese classics. The school had about 60 pupils and 7 teachers in charge of the subjects : Chinese, French, Sports...etc. Teacher Thanh taught the second class, mainly the national language and Chinese. During the time of teaching at Due Thanh school, besides the teaching contents, teacher Thanh also propagated the love for the country and the ancestors' race to his pupils with his love and sentiment as a teacher as well as an older brother. In extra - curricular activities in free time, he took his pupils to visit and enjoy Phan Thiet town's beautiful sights at that time such as Thuong Chanh beach, Thieng village's cavern, Due Nghia village's communal house. In about February 1911 teacher Thanh left Due Thanh school and Phan Thiet for Sai Gon, crossed the ocean in order to find out the way to liberate our people and country. A few years later, Mr. Nguyen Trong Loi passed away, Mr. Nguyen Quy Anh moved to Sai Gon, no one in charge more and because of many other objective reasons, the school was closed in 1912. The old school where Uncle Ho taught was broken and knocked down a long time ago. But among the pupils teacher Thanh taught before, four have still been alive. They are doctor Nguyen Quy Phau, doctor Nguyen Kim Chi, Mr. Tu Truong Phung, Mr. Nguyen Dang Lau. After the liberation, the people 's expectation was to restore the old Due Thanh school in order to show their gratitude to our beloved Uncle Ho and to educate the tradition of loving the country to the present as well as the future generations. Thanks to Uncle Ho's former pupils' memories and remembrance, the school position and the interior and exterior architectural part were former through the plans and rebuilt from the years 1978 to 1980. 10 Ngu" house was built in 1906 and since 1908 it has been used as the pupils' boarding place and now it was also restored. "Ngoa du sao" was Mr. Nguyen Thong's house built in 1880. In the final years of his life, he stayed in this house to recite poems, to comment proses and to discuss the business with the patriotic cultured people. When staying at this school, teacher Thanh read books, prepared the lessons at "Ngoa du sao", now it has also been improved because its commodities inside have been disordered and stolen quite a lot. The thistle and the well related to Uncle Ho's teaching life at Due Thanh school are also the main points in this place of historical interest. The original exhibits from the time teacher Thanh taught have still been preserved until now: A set of sofas, a wooden bed, a high desk, a wardrobe, a wooden container of documents, an ink-grinding inkstone, 3 small glasses, an ashstray. All of them are old but they have been kept and preserved well. Those are the sacred memory objects comnining with teacher Nguyen Tat Thanh's short teaching days' time and history in Phan Thiet. Beside the Area of Due Thanh school, the Display House of Uncle Ho's revolutionary activities and life was also built and opened in 1986. Due Thanh place of historical interest was classified as the National place of historical interest by the Ministry of Culture - Information according to the Decision number 235/QD - BT on the 12"' of December, 1986. iini T^p Di f An yAn 11611 HoAno 1^ OHAin CHAM ROYAL FAMILY'S CULTURAL HERITAGE COLLECTION. Vifcing quo'c Cham Pa ke tir k h i hinh thanh, ton tai va phat trien vdi tii' each la mot Nha nifdc doc lap, CO mot vifdng t r i e u du'dc chuyen CHAM ROYAL FAMILY'S CULTURAL \E COLLECTION. Vuong mi^n Vua - Hoing hju ChSm establishment, existence and development with the essential behaviour as an independent Government, Champa Kingdom has had a royal dynasty transferred through a lot of generations with scores of orthodox Kings and later there were some of "King Rotation". Each dynasty had its own different way of ruling the country, but Cham people's cultural national identity has always been preserved. Especially, in Champa Kingdom's royal dynasties, they have used all kinds of everyday life activity means, weapons, costumes quite different from other countries and other kingdoms' in the area. In the process of historical development, although Champa kingdom has experienced many different dynasties, their life activity utilities haven't been preserved because of many different reasons, mainly the war. Only the King Poklong MdHNai and the Queen PoBiaSdm's collection are comparatively sufficient, but not all of them belong to this King's dynasty, the crown, weapons and other rare precious things must be from other royal dynasties. Nowadays, Cham Royal Family's (cultural) heritage collection left by Cham Kings has been preserved by the generations of their tie'p qua nhieu the he vdi hang chuc ddi vua chinh tho'ng va sau nay 1 so' ddi vua du'dc "phien vu'dng". M o i trieu dai c6 mot each tri vi dat nude khac nhau, nhu'ng deu giff du'dc ban sac van hoa eua ngu'di Cham. Dae biet trong eae vu'dng trieu eua Vu'dng quoe Cham pa deu su'dung eac loai phifdng tien sinh hoat, via khi, trang phue trieu ehanh hoan toan khac cac nu'dc va eae vu'dng quoc trong khu vife. Mac dau Vu'dng quoc Cham pa trong tien trinh phat trien eua lich siJ, da qua nhieu trieu dai khac nhau nhu'ng do nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau, chu yeu la do chie'n tranh nen khong eon lula giiJ lai du'dc nhiJng do diing sinh hoat trong trieu chinh. Chi con lai mot sifu tap duy nhat eua Trieu Vua PoKlong MdHNai va Hoang Hau PoBia Sdm la tu'dng do'i day du nhu'ng khong phai tat ca deu ciia trieu Vua nay ma vu'dng mien, vu khi va 1 so do quy hie'm khac phai c6 nguon go'c tijf eae vu'dng trieu tru'de. Descendants. The person who has got the i n h e r i t i n g right and preserved the longest is Ms NGUYEN THI THEM - The K i n g P o k l o n g Mdhnai's descendant. She was one o f the people with prestige and she was loved and called " Princess " by Cham Kiem Cham people. In 1995, she passed away and the next heiress was Ms Nguyen Thi Dao - Ms Nguyen Thi Them's granddaughter. Cham Royal Family's heritage collection is now preserved and handed down at Tinh My hamlet, Phan Thanh commune, Bac Binh district, 62 kilometers North of Phan Thie't city. The collection consists of over 100 exhibits such as means, utilities and royal costumes, most of them are rare and precious unique ones such as the King's crowns made of gold and carved and sculptured intricately and painstakingly according to the ancient Cham people's traditional art for their Kings. Different from the Chinese Kings and the Vietnamese Kings' crowns with the symbol of dragons, the Cham Kings' crowns have 2 MakaRas a attached to each other to symbolize the Royal powers. The Cham Queens' crowns are also made of gold and they have small beautiful forms with their own art decoration way. And the others are many kinds of the Kings' 13 nhifbp nhac cu cung nhieu loai tai lieu khac lien quan den da't dai va sinh boat trieu chinh, 1 so' sac phong cua c^c Vua trieu Nguyen ban tang cho Vua PoKlong MdHNai, da'u a'n... Day la sifti tap duy nhat con lai cua ViTcJng trieu Cham pa sau gan 2 thien nien cu ton tai, va rat CO gia tri ve mat lich suT van hoa, hien siTu tap dang dUdc tru'ng bay tai kho md tai gia dinh Ba Nguyen Thi Dao, Hau due nhieu ddi vua Cham d xa Phan Thanh, Huyen Bac Binh. Vdi gia tri lich suTnghe thuat cua sifti tap, Nha nu'dc da xep hang cong nhan la di tich lich sijf - nghe thuat cap quoc gia cung vdi den thd PoKLong MdhNai vao nam 1993. Di San Ho4ng Tpc Cham SuXi tap di sail cua Hoang toe Cham con lai hien nay do cac Vua Cham truyen lai cac the he Hau due luXi giCf. Ngu'di du'dc quyen thCfa ke va luXi giillau nhat la Ba Nguyen Thi Them hau due cua dong Vua PoKlong MoHNai, ba la mot trong nhilng ngu'di c6 uy tin va dUdc ngu'di Cham tin yeu, goi ba la "Cong chua". Nam 1995 ba da qua ddi va ngu'di thijra ke tie'p theo la ba Nguyen Thi Dao chau gai Ba NguySn Thj Them. Situ tap di san Hoang tpc Cham hien bao luXi tai thon Tinh My - xa Phan Thanh - huyen Bac Binh, each thanh pho' Phan Thiet 62km ve hu^dng Bac. SuXi tap bao gom hPn 100 hien vat la phiTPng tien, do diang, trang phuc trong cung dinh, da phan la loai doc ban quy hiem nhu': vu'dng mien ciia Vua, la loai vu'Png mien diic bang vang, cham trd dieu khac tinh vi va cong phu, theo nghe thuat truyen tho'ng cua ngu'di Cham xu'a danh cho nha vua. Khac vdi vu'dng mien cua Vua Trung Quoc va Vua Viet bieu tu'dng la rong, con d day tren vu'dng mien la 2 con MaKaRa qua'n quyt tren vu'dng mien the hien uy quyen ciia nha Vua. Vu'dng mien cua Hoang Hau Cham cung bang vang va c6 hinh dang nho, dep vdi loi trang tri nghe thuat rieng. Canh do la nhieu loai trang phuc cua nha Vua : Ao mac trong trieu, ao tran, hai, bp vu khi gu'dm, dao, 1 so' do dijng bang bac va siJ cd nguon go'c tuf Trung Quo'c, Nhat Ban. Trang phuc va trang site cua Hoang Hau Cham cd hinh dang la va trang tri dep thbo phong tiic truyen thong, trang phuc cua Cong chua va Hoang t i l Cham cung khac la. Nhieu loai hien vat khac bang bac nhu' do difng trau cau, bang dopg 14 costumes: Imperial robes with dragon designs worn in the Royal palace, in royal court, in the battle, boat - like shoes or curly toed boots, weapon sets of swords and knife - scimitars, some silver and chinaware utilities made in China and Japan. The Cham Queens' costumes and jewelleries have strange figures and beautiful decoration according to their customs and traditions, the Cham princesses and princes' costumes are also strange. Many kinds of other exhibits are made of silver such as containers for betel and areca, of bronze such as musical instruments together with many other sorts of materials related to royal estate, land court affairs' activities, .some nominations of Nguyen dynasty's Kings offered to the King Pdklong Mdhnai, seals and so on. This is Champa Royal Dyna.sty's only collection left after nearly 2 previous millenniums' existence, and it is very valuable historically and culturally. Now this collection has been displayed at Ms Nguyen Thi Dao's family's open warehouse at Phan Thanh commune, Bac Binh district. With its historical and art values, our Government accepted and classified it as the National art - historical place of interest together with the Pdklong Mdhnai temple in 1993. 15 I DI TICH LICH Stf VAN THUY 1 THE PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST: THUY TIJ FISHERMEN'S ASSICIATION. PhUcfng Diic Thdng - Phan Thiet Van Thijy Tu di/dc ngif dan Thuy Tu thiet lap bat dau vao nam Nham ngp 1762 de thd Ong (ca voi) vdi chinh dien, nha thd Tien Hien, V5 ca bo' tri theo hinh chu" Tarn (=) mat chinh quay ra hiTdng Dong. Luc mdi xay difng xong ciJa van sat ngay bd bien, ngay nay bd bien da ddi xa ra ngoai hdn 100m. Hien nay Van Thuy Tu tpa lac tren du'dng Ngu' Ong, phu-dng Difc Thang, thanh pho Phan Thiet. Khac vdi nhffng dinh lang thu'dng xay difng de thd Thanh Hoang lang va dinh lang thu'dng di lien vdi cac lang mac nong nghiep, con van, dinh lai thd Ca Ong {ci voi) va thu'dng difdc xay di/ng ngay sat bd bien cua cac lang Ngu'. Vdi ngifdan Binh Thuan da so'cac lang lam nghe bien deu c6 dinh, van de thd Ca Ong, ma theo ho do la vi Than ciJu giiip ngrfdan moi khi gap tai nan tren bien, va vi than thiiy chung vdi ngifdan nen du'dc ngu'dan kinh yeu va ton trong. Tin ngu'dng dan gian gan vdi tin ngifdng nghe nghiep tif ddi nay qua ddi khac theo phong tuc va truyen tho'ng cua ngu'dan. rr-IHE PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST: THUY TU FISHERMEN'S ASSICIATION. Thiiy Tii fishermen's assiciation was first established bay Thuy Tu fishermen in 1762 for worshiping " Ong " (the whale) with the central chamber, the house for worshiping "Tien Hien", the one for Song - Dance group, they were arranged in the form of the word Tam ( ) with the main side toward the East. When it was just finished, its gate was very near right the seashore; nowadays the seashore is over 100 metres far from here. Now Thuy Tu fishermen's assiciation is situated on Ngif Ong Street, DiJc Thang quarter, Phan Thiet city. Different from the village's communal house ten built for worshiping the village's Tutelary God and located in the agricultural village the fishermen's assiciation is ten constructed for worshiping the whale (Ca Ong) and located very near right the seashore of the fishing village. Mo.st of Binh Thuan's fishing villages have got fishermen's assiciations and temple for wprshiping the whale (Ca Ong) - the God who has helped and saved fishermen when they meet accidents on the sea according to their opinion. And this God is always loyal to fishermen; therefore they love and respect this God all the time. The folk religion has connected with the job religion from this generation-to-generation according to fishermen's customs and traditions. 16 Van Thuy Tu til' ngay xay di/ng xong den nay da chiJa gan 100 bp xifOng Ca voi va nhieu loai khac cung hp. Qua nijfa c6 nien dai tren 100-150 nam, trpng do c6 nhiing bp xUPng tp Idn dUPc thd phung tpn nghiem. Trong khuon vien cua Van c6 mpt doi da't rpng, dung de mai tang Ca Ong moi khi ong "luy" va dat tuf bien vao. Moi Ian mai tang xong, sau 3 nam mdi du'cfc thu'dng cot nhap tam theo phong tuc. Trong so ngU dan he ngu'di nao trong thay " O n g " trUdc la ngu'di do du'cfc lam con tru'dng cua Ngai, va ngifdi nay phai lo lam dam tang chu dao, de tang sau 3 nam mdi het han .v.v... Dieu do cho thay nhifng phong tuc, cur chi cua ngrf dan do'i vdi Ca Ong theo tin ngifdng gan nhif quan he giiJa ngu'di vdi ngu'di. Van Thiiy Tu la mpt trpng nhiJng dinh van, cp xu'a nhat cua nghe bien d Binh Thuan, difdc ngu'dan lam nghe bien cpi nhif thiiy tp nghe bien. Trpng van chiJa nhieu di san van hoa Han - Nom lien quan den nghe bien, the hien trong npi dung thd phung d cac kham thd, tUdng thd, hoanh phi, lien do'i, tren ciia Dai Hong chung. Van van chuong T h u y Tii la m p t trpng nhiing di tich cd' cd so' lUdng Idn sac phong ciia ciic vi Vua Trieu Nguyen ban tang de thd Ca Ong va cac vj Hai Than, vi trifdc day trong chie'n tranh phong kie'n v d i nghla quan Tay Scfn, cac tifdng linh nha Nguyen da nhieu \in du'cfc ca voi ciJu nan trin b i e n . Cd 24 s a c phong cua cac ddi vua : Thieu Tri, Tif Bvlc, Dong Khanh, Duy Tan, Khai Dinh, rieng Vua Thieu Tri (1841-1847) da ban tang l O s ^ c T h a n l a dieuhiem thay so vdi cac di tich khac. Van Thuy Tu da du'cfc Nha nU'dc xep hang di tich lich siJ cap Quo'c gia nam 1996. Van Thuy Tu - Dijrc T h i n g - Phan Thik THirvIEN.TI 17 Xuong Ca Vol trong Van Thuy Tu Since the I day of finishing until now, Thuy Tu fishermen's assiciation has contained nearly 100 bone skeletons of w h a l e s and many other species of the s a m e family. O v e r half of them have got I the epoch of over 100 to 150 y e a r s ; among them the big bone skeletons have been worshiped solemnly. In its campus, there is a large land bridge used to bury the whale when he " dies" and drifts onto the seashore from the sea. And his bone skeleton will be placed into a torn according to the custom after 3 years' burial service. Among the fishermen, if anyone sees " Ong" first, this fisherman will become " His" eldest child and have to hold a funeral perfectly and 3 years of mourning... and so on. That shows fishermen's customs and behaviours toward " Ca Ong" - the whale - according to their religion are nearly the sam as the relationship between people and people. Thuy Tu fishermen's assiciation is one of the most ancient one in Binh Thuan's fishing villages, the local fishermen consider it as the first ancestor of the sea fishing job. It has contained many Chinese - Vietnamese cultural heritages related to the sea fishing job, expressing the worshiping content in the airiness, worshiped statues, horizontal boards inscribed with Chinese characters, parallel scrolls, in the bell record of the Great Bell. Thuy Tii fishermen's assiciation is one of the ancient places of historical interest with a large amount of nominations granted by Nguyen Dynasty's Kings for worshiping " Ca Ong" - the whale and the sea Gods because in the feudal war against Tay Sdn righteous volunteers, Nguyin Dynasty's generals and commanders were once rescued many time by the whale on the sea. It has got 24 nominations granted by the Kings: Thieu Tri, Tif DiJc, Hong Khanh, Duy Tan, Khai Dinh, privately King Thieu Tri (1841 1847) granted 10 nominations and this is the rare thing compared with other places of historical interest. The Government classified Thuy Tii fishermen's assiciation as the National Historical place of interest in 1996. ft: 18 Thon Luang Binh - Luang San - Bdc Binh Khac vdi den Thap Cham dUdc xay diTng bang ky thuat va chat ket dinh dac biet ma hcfn ca ngan nam sau den nay van lam dau dau cac nha nghien ciJu ciing vdi mot nen nghe thuat va dieu khac vdi nhCfng gia tri tuyet vdi. Doi lap nen nghe thuat va ky thuat xay di/ng thap Cham tiif the ky XVII trd ve trUdc, tir the ky XVII trd ve nhiJng the ky sau khi dat ntfdc bi suy kiet, nhan tai vat life va ky thuat bj that truyen, ma nhu cau thd phung to tien va ton giao van la nhu cau thu'dng triTc nen ngUdi Cham chuyen sang xay difng dang kie'n true den thd va sur dung vat lieu g6, ngdi, voi nhU ngUdi Viet va hinh dang nhU mot ngoi chiia du'dng thdi. Tieu bieu cho dang kien true nay la den thd Vua Cham PoKlong MdhNai. THE TEMPLE TO THE CHAM KING POKLONG MdHNAI'S MEMORY. Different from Cham tower temples constructed by special techniques and sticking binding substance which have hurt the researchers' minds for over thousands of years until now together with the art and sculpture having wonderful values, different from the art and building techniques of Cham towers before the seventeenth century, since the seventeenth century when the country was weakened, lack of talented men and these techniques were lost but the need to worship the ancestors and religion were still permanent, Cham people changed in building their temples' architecture and used the building materials wood, tile, lime mortar, 19 Den tho Vua Cham PoKlong Mohnai - Luong Son - Bac Blnh Den thd Vua Cham PoKlong MdhNai difdc ngu'di Cham xay dUng tren dinh doi cat thuoc thon Lifcfng Binh, xa Lu'cfng ScJn d ve phia Nam va each huyen ly Bac Binh 15km. Cach Phan Thiet gan 50km ve hu-dng Bac. Den thd dMc xay difng de thd Vua Cham PoKlong MdhNai. Mot trong nhiJng vi vua cuo'i ciang ciia Vu'dng quo'c Champa tru'dc khi vUdng quo'c nay tan ra. Theo bien nien .siJ Cham, ong difdc len ngoi vao dau the ky X V I I va den nam 1627 nhu'dng ngoi lai cho con re la PoKlong GaHul. Den thd gom c6 5 gian thd ma cac nha khoa hoc Phap khi nghien ciJu lich siJ Cham- pa d the ky X I X goi la dien thd. 5 gian den thd xay difng theo hinh chu" T. Day nha 3 gian dCing de thd phung : Gian giila thd tifdng Vua PoKlong MdhNai, gian ben phai thd tu'dng ba thir phi ngu'di Viet (cong chua concija 1 vi chiia NguySn) ciing 1 so tu'dng Kut con ciia ba. Ben trai la gian thd ba Hoang hau Cham PoBiaSdm, vd ca cua Vua ciing 1 so'tu'dng kut cham khac dep la con cua Ba. Day nha tru'dc gom 2 gian Idn de trong dung lam ndi chd ddi va thi/c hien nghi le ben ngoai tru'dc luc vao den thd. Tu'dng Vua PoKlong MdhNai du'dc cac nghe nhan Cham tac vao mot khoi da xanh xam vdi nghe thuat dieu khac tinh te, pho tu'dng ta nha vua dang ngif ct Trieu dinh, dau doi vUdng mien oai nghiem. Day la mot trong nhCfng pho tu'dng Cham c6 kich thu'dc Idn con ton tai nguyen ven den ngay nay. Hai gian thd d ben ta va ben hiJu gian thd tu'dng Vua la gian thd tu'dng Ba Hoang Hau ngu'di Cham PoBiaSdm va tu'dng Ba thiJ phi ngu'di Viet cCing 1 so' tu'dng Kiit. Ta't ca deu du'dc cham khac cong phu ti my, dang tie'c pho tu'dng ba Thu" phi 20 whitewash like the Vietnamese people and their temples have had the form like contemporary pagodas since then, the temple to the Cham King Poklong Mdhnai's memory is the symbol of this architectural style. Cham people constructed this temple on the top of a sand hill belonging to LUdng Binh hamlet, LUdng Sdn commune, 15 Km South of Bac Binh di.strict and nearly 50 km North of Phan Thiet city. This temple was built for worshiping the Cham King Poklong Mdhnai, one of ChamPa Kingdom's final Kings before this Kingdom was disinte-grated. According to Cham chronicles, this King took the throne at the beginning of the seventeenth century and in 1627, he offered his throne to his son - in - law named Poklong Gahul. This temple consists of 5 worship compartments called " dien thd " Worship palace" by some French scientists when they studied ChamPa history in the nineteenth century. These five compartments were built in the shape of T. Its 3 - section row has been used for worshiping: The middle one for the statue of the King Poklong Mdhnai, the right one for the statue of his Vietnamese royal concubine (this princess was a Nguyen Vice King's daughter) together with some statues of Kiit - her children, the left one for the statue of the Cham Queen P6 Bia Sdm, the King's official first wife, together with some beautifully carved statues of Kut - her children, the front row consists o f 2 b i g compartments available used as the waiting rooms and for implementing the rituals outside before the temple. The Cham artisans / workers in the field of art carved the statue of King Poklong Mdhnai on a greyish blue mass of rock with their sophis ticated art of sculpture. This statue described the King staying in the Royal court and wearing his crown imposingly and majestically. This is one of b i g sized Cham statues, which have still existed integral until now. The two compartments on the left and on the right have been used for worshiping the statue of the Cham Queen P6 Bia Sdm and the statue of the Vietnamese royal concubine together with some statues of Kut. All of these statues were carved and sculptured painstakingly in details. nt;ii'( - Xem thêm -