Tài liệu Vấn đề năng lượng trong mạng wireless sensor

Me GIAO DVC DAO T40 TRUONG DANI HQC THANG LONG --o0o- ICHOA LUAN TOT NGHItP VAN DE NANG LIMNG TRONG 1VIANG WIRELESS SENSOR GIAO VIEN HUONG DAN: Tim. HOANG TRQNG MINH SINH VIEN THIJC HIEN : NGUYEN HUNG CUONG MA SINH VIEN : A13570 CHUYEN NGANH : MANG MAY TiNH VA VIEN THONG HA NQI - 2013 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com MtJC LVC CHUONG 1. TONG QUAN VE MANG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY 2 1.1. Gild thieu mong cam Min killing day 2 1.2. Nan tang ghat trim mgng 2 1.2.1. Mong Ad hoc khong day 2 1.2.2. Nen tang cong nghe 5 7 1.3. M8 to ha thing 1.3.1. MO to he thong tong qudt 7 1.12. He tang WISENET 8 1.4. T6ng quan ye Ian tree mgng 11 1.4.1. Ldp sing dung 13 1.4.2. Lop giao van 15 1.4.3. Lop aging 15 1.4.4. Lien kit lien mgng 16 1.4.5. Lop lien kit so lieu 16 1.4.6. Lap vat lir 19 1.5. Dec diim cfia mgng Wireless Sensor 19 1.5.1. Kich think vat ly nh6 va lieu thy tong salt tap 19 1.5.2. Hogt ddng diing thai vbi dd tap trong cao 20 1.5.3. KM nang lien kit vat ly va pan alp dieu khien bon chi 20 1.5.4. TInh da dgng trong thiit a va sit dung 1.5.5. Hogt Ong tin cdy 20 21 1.6. 'Ong dgng cis mong Sensor 21 1.6.1. eing dung trong qudn sv 21 1.6.2. ling dung ve mot trtrang 23 1.6.3. ring dung trong y ti 24 1.6.4. ling dung trong gia dinh 24 1.6.5. Cdc sing dung thuang mot ;cat 25 CHUONG 2. NANG LONG TRONG MANG WIRELESS SENSOR. 2.1. Tinh dee the cilia mgng 2.1.1. Hon chi pan fling This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 27 27 27 2.1.2. Mai trudng hoot ?tang 28 2.1.3. Mai Mien truyin din 29 2.2. Sy. Wu thy ning Ivgng 30 2.2.1. Nang luang cho nhiem vy cdm Min 31 22.2. Nang luang cho truyin thong 31 2.2.3. Nang Wang cho xu III 32 2.3. Cie giii phip fiat kiim ning hrqng 2.3.1. Gidi phdp djnh tuyin 2.4. Gild phip tray nh$p mai trwirng Irwin din 32 32 40 2.4.1. Quanli nguan cong suit 44 2.4.2. Tan dung ctic nguan ?tang ligmg trong ty nhien 48 CIlliONG 3. GIOI THI$U PHAN MEM M6 PHONG NANG LUVNG CHO 51 MSNG WIRELESS SENSOR 3.1. Ma hlnh hol ma phang 51 3.2. M8 hinh npon fling Iwyng 51 3.3. Thiit Id plan mim ma phang myng Wireless Sensor 52 3.3.1. Phan ndm NS-2 52 3.3.1. Ca sa phdt triin mo phong man Sensor tren nkt NS-2 55 3.3.1 Cdc djnh clang mai trong NS-2 56 3.3.4. Thay dal trong NS-2 58 3.4. M8 phang mpg Wireless Sensor 60 14.1. Myc dinh mo phdng 60 3.4.2. Tiger hien ma pitting 61 14.1 Kit qua 64 3.4.4. Danh gid 67 10ET LUAN 69 TM lien tham khio 70 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com - DANH MVC CAC HINH ANH, BANG Hinh U. M45 hInh then khai cic not Sensor 7 Hinh 1.2. Cic Minh phin dm nut Sensor 8 Hlnh 1.3. Su d6 he thong WISENET 9 Hinh 1.4. TrInh to hoot Ong cia Server 10 Hinh 1.5. Cic thinh phin trong but Sensor 11 Hinh 1.6. Ngin xep giao thik mpg Sensor 12 Hinh 2.1. HiOu qui Wing luqng trong djnh tuyEn 33 Hlnh 2.2. VI du ye tap hqp sa lieu 35 fah 2.3. Giao thirc SPIN 37 Hinh 2.4. VI du ye truyen tin djnh Song 40 Minh 3.1. C&u tnic chucmg trInh NS-2 53 Hinh 3.2. Tinh dOi ngiu girm C++ vu Otcl 54 Hinh 3.3. Kien frac btong quan caa NS-2 54 Hinh 3.4. Cic giao thik dirge h6 trq trong NS-2 m8 phong mpg khong dAy 55 HInh 3.5. Ca s?; ziy dung m8 hinh mpg Sensor stir dung NS-2 56 HInh 3.6. HInh Anh me ti mang Sensor. 58 Hlnh 3.7. Su d6 b6 sung vi chinh sit NS-2 59 Hinh 3.8. Kjch ban then khai twang Sensor trong m8 phong 60 Hinh 3.9. DO thi suy hao Ming luqng cis cic nut sensor 65 Hinh 3.10. D6 thi tic dO giam Ming lacing trung binh cia mang 66 Hinh 3.11. T6c de, giam fling luqng 67 Bing 1.1. T6ng quan ye lap mpg 16 Bing 1.2. Phin loui giao thirc MAC 17 Bing 2.1. Cic dii tin dinh cho cic img dung ISM 29 Bimg 2.2. T6rn tit ck giao they MAC cho mang Sensor 43 Bing 3.1. Suy hao Ming luqng cis cic nut sensor 65 Bing 3.2. T6c dO giim Ming limn 66 Bing 3.3. TOc dO giim Ming luqng trung binh cis mang 67 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com DANH MIJC WET TAT ADC Analogue/Digital converter BO chuyen dei tucmg to / so AODV Ad Hoc On-Demand DistanceVector Djnh tuyen dva vao chu8i chi htrang theo yeu ciu tom then API Application program interface HO giao tiep lap trinh ling thing ARC Adaptive transmitssion rate control Dieu khien tic dO truyen din thick Ong ARQ automatic repeat request Cu chi salt 16i Wing yeu au lap lei to dOng BER Bit error rate TS, le I8i bit CSMA Carrier sense multiple access Da truy nhap theo cam bien luu luang DSDV Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Djnh tuyen theo chu8i chi hung voi dich tuin to DSR Dynamic Source Routing Giao thirc dish tuyen nguin dung FDMA Frequency division multiple access Da truy nhap phan chic theo tin so FEC Forward error correction Ca the mks 18i truOc GPS Global Possition System He thong djnh vi tom ciu HTTP HyperText Tranffer Protocol Giao thin truyen sieu van ban ISM band Industrial, Scientific and Medical band Dili tin sa dung cho cac Ong dung c8ng nghiep, khoa hoc va y hoc LEACH Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy Phan cep cum thfch ling WA nting luang thip MAC Medium access control Dieulchien truy nhap med twang truyen an MANET Mobile ad hoc network Mang di Ong ad hoc (tom died, !thong co cot so ha ting) ME Minimum energy Nang Itrang tieu tho cvc tieu MECN Minimum energy communication network Mon truyen thong voi tiling Wong cot tieu MH Minimum hop S6 busk nhby cuc tieu NAM Network AniMator M8 to mpg bing hinh anh dung NS-2 Network Simulator version 2 Phin mem m8 phOng mang phien ban2 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Otcl Object-oriented tool command language Ng8n ngit &in khien bing lenh hueng did tuvng PA Power available Mire 'ding lucmg hien tai QoS Quality of service Chit luvng djch vki REQ Request message Ban tin yeu cm RERR Route error packet G6i bao 18i tuyin RREP Route reply packet G61 dap img yeu cm tuyen RREQ Route request packet G61 yeu cilu tuyen Serial Radio Link - 232 Lien kit v8 tuyin n6i tiep theo chum RS-232 SAR Sequential assignment routing Djnh tuyin chi djnh lien tvc SMECN Small minimum energy communication network Mang truyin thong voi nang luqng cvc du loci nhe SMACS Self Organizing MAC for Sensor network Giao thin MAC tv t6 chirc cho mang sensor SMP Sensor management protocol Giao thirc quan 1S, sensor SPIN Sensor protocols for information via negotiation Clic giao thfrc thong tin sensor thong qua thda thufm SQDDP Sensor query and data dissemination protocol Giao Vic truy yin sensor vi 06 hien so lieu SQL Structure Query Language Ng8n net truy yin theo city tnic SQTL Sensor query and tasking language Ng8nngd truy van vi d#t nhiem Ai sensor SSF Scalable Simulation Framework Ca ciu m8 phang met rung TADAP Task assignment and data advertisement protocol Giao thik phin nhiem Ai vi quang do se lieu TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Giao thirc dieu lchiin truyin din/giao that Internet TDMA Time division multiple access Da truy nh#p phan chia theo tit gian TORA Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm Djnh tuyen bang thujt town dm duang turn ty theo thei gian WINS Wireless Integrated network sensors Mang cac thiet bj cam hien tich hqp thiit bj thu phit khong day This is trial version www.adultpdf.com WISENET Wireless SEnsor NETwork He thing mung sensor lchong day WISENET WLAN Wireless local area network Mang cvc b0 kW:mg day WSN Wireless sensor network Mang cam bits khong day This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Leg Nen EAU Trong nhitng am gin day sg phat then mph me mkt cling ngha th8ng tin, c8ng nghe vi mach dian tfr va van th6ng dac Wet la trong Iinh vtrc ver tuyen &I dem lei nhieu on dung m6i, cho phep chting ta c6 the de clang thu the') thong tin 6 bit ky dieu kign va vOng dja ly Mo. C6 nhieu phucmg pluip khac nhau cho phep cluing ta thu the!) thong tin, trong de mang Wireless Sensor hien dang duqc dung phi bien teen ' the gaol va dang din xam nhap vao nutk ta. C6 nhieu van de dat ra cho mang Wireless Sensor nhu van de &mg lugng, van di ding b0 sensor, van de mer rung mang... Nang lugng luarn la Ott t6 quan tang dui bit ca cac loci mang. V6i mpg Wireless Sensor do tlnh dac the cua mang la hp chi vi phin cling va img dung 6 luau yang dja If phtic tap nen van de tiling lugng cang tri len quan trying. Truoc thgc to My, dugc su hiring din cua Thac sy Hoang Trang Minh, em da chgn di tai chuyen de: "Vin de ruing lugng trong mm Wireless Sensor". Muc dich cua chuyen de nay le tim hieu cic van di lien quan ten Wing lugng trong mpg Wireless Sensor, to di dua ra cac gbh phap tilt kiem sing Itnyng trong mang vi tan dung cac nguon ming lugng sach trong to nhien. Chuyen de gim 3 chuong: —Chuang I : Ting quan vi mang Wireless Sensor —Chuang II : Nang hiving trong mang Wireless Sensor —Chuang III : Phin mem m8 phing cho mpg Wireless Sensor Do con han chi vi kiln thitc vi tiding luc nen chuyen dl khong Minh kW:4 thilu sot. Mong dugc svr gip y cua thiy c8 va ban be. Em xin chart thanh cam an thiy girl() ThS. Hoang Trying Minh da huOng din em vi chuyen man cling nhu phuong phap lam vies dl em co thl hoax) thank chuyen de. HO net), 01 fining 07 nom 2013 Sinh vien Nguyin Hong Cu Ong Trang 1version This is trial www.adultpdf.com CHILICING 1. TONG QUAN VE M4NG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY 1.1. Giai thieu mong aim Min Wiling dly Cac thiet bj cam bien (Sensor) duct kit noSi thinh mang, phOi hqp voi nhau de thqc hien cac nhiem vp vii quy mo lem, duqc at nhieu by vong !grim cach mang h6a trong Rah Arc thu thap thong tin 6 bit Id digu kien vi viing dja ly nio. Mang cum hien kheong day (Wireless Sensor Network) bao gem mOt top hqp cac thiet bj calm bien sir dung cac lien ket khong day (v8 tuyin, hiong ngog hocquang hoc) phid hqp thuc hien cac nhiem vu cum bien phan tan ve doSi Wong muc tieu. Mang nily 0 the lien kit hvc tiep v6i nut quoin 1y ctia giam sit vien hay gian tiep thong qua mOt diem thu (Sink) va m8i hieing mang tong tang nhu Internet hay ye tinh. Cac nut Sensor Ichong day c6 the dirge trier khai cho cac muc dich chuyen dung nhu giam sat vi an ninh; kiem tra m8i truing; too ra kheong gian thong minh; khko sit, chinh zac h6a trong ming nghiep; y th;... Lqi the chit y611 ctia chung 11 kha clang trier khai hku nhu trong bit ki log hinh dja 15, nao, ke ca cac mid truing nguy hiem !thong the sir dung mang Sensor 0 day truyen thOng dirge. a Viec ket hop tic bO cam bien thanh mang Wen nay nay a too ra Mien kha ging nu% cho con ngubi. Cie bO vi cam bien v6i bet th IS, gin trong voi cac thiet bi vo tuyen hoan town c6 the gin trong mOt kith thuac rat nh6. Chang 0 the hog doing trong mOt m8i truing clay dac v6i Icha firing thc da cao. Do d6, yeti mang cam hien Ichong day ngay nay, ngtrin to da 0 the khIm phi Sail hien Wong rat Iche thay truck day. Ngay nay, cac mang cam bien kheong day dirge (mg dung trong nhieu linh vrc nhu cac ciu true chiong lai dja chin, nghien thu vi sinh v#t Wen, giam sat viec chuyen chi cac chit gay o nhigm, kiem tra he sinh thai vi m8i tiring sinh vet phirc 1.2. Nen tang phit trier mang Viec phift trien mang Wireless Sensor duct tren Ong nghe mang Ad hoc kW:mg day va dugc thuc diy bed hai yen t6 IA nhu ciu (mg dung va cac tien b0 cOng nghe. 1.2.1. Along Ad hoc khang day Mang Ad hoc Meng day II kieu mang kheong c6 co s6 ha tang nen tang, dirge trier khai cho cac muc dich sit dung tam thei can thiet lop nhanh cheng, thu$n tien nhu de tim kiem vi thu hO, phut Ai lien lac cho cic thinh vien trong mOt cuOc hop,.v.v. Mang Ad hoc kh8ng can can thinh phin co set ha tang nhu tong dui, tram thu phat gsfic hay bit Id mOt trung tam dieu khien nil°. Tit cu cac nut di doing trong mang Ad hoc duct lien ket doing v6i nhau mOt each tujr y, !dieing a5 bit Id sir dieu khien nao tir ben ngoai. Tit ci cac nut nay deu 0 the hog dung nhu mat bO djnh tuyen nha khi rung Trang 2version This is trial www.adultpdf.com tim vi duy 1r1 djnh tuyin tai the net khac trong mpg. Ck giao thirc djnh My& trong mang Ad hoc c6 the chia thenh hai —Ccic giao that djnh tuyin theo being: mai nut mpg se duy tri va cap nh$t thong tin djnh tuyen tai mai nut mang khic; — Qic giao thus djnh tuyin theo yeu cdu• Viec djnh tuyen chi doge thin hien khi to yeu caw chuyen gai, nhe ca the tim dubng. Hien nay to ben giao thin djnh tuyen doge sir dung trong mang Ad hoc: a) Dinh tuyen theo chu6i chi huerng vii dich Man ty Trong Dinh tuyen theo chuei chi Wing tied dich tuin to (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector - DSDV), mai tram di dOng deu c6 mat bang dint) tuyen trong de ghi the dich hien tai, s6 cac Were nhay de den dugc dich vi so this to doge gin cho not dich. S6 the to nay dugc sir dung di phan biet the tuyen va nhu vay tranh dirge sir hinh thanh the yang lap. Cie tram djnh lc5r gin bang dinh tuyen ctia n6 cho the nut lan can cita n6. MOt tram ding giri bimg djnh tuyen neu mot thay del ding ke trong bang so vii Ian gdi Op nh$t cuoi cling dirge phut hien. Nhu vOy, viec Op nh$t dirge thtrc hien ca theo then gian vi theo sr kien. Cie bang dinh tuyin c6 the dugs giri Op nh$t theo hai each: chuyen toan b0 ("full dump") hay Op nh$t phen gia tang. Theo each chuyen toan Ns, bang djnh thy& se doge gfri trgn vcn den the nut Ian On vi n6 c6 the bao gem rdau geoi tin. Ngugc theo each cap Slot phin gia tang, chi nhemg mve ghi men elm bang djnh tuyen so vii lin cop nh$t cu6i ming mai dirge gfri di va phii visa trong mot gOi tin. Kid mpg Wang dei 6n dinh, cic DM cap nh$t phen gia tang duce sir dung di trinh viec km lugng tang cao va viec chuyen toan b0 (full dump) it dugs sir dung han. Trong the mang thay dei nhanh, se ltrung cac gOi Op nh$t phin gia tang c6 the trer len nit Ian nen_ vies chuyen tom b0 bang doge thgc hien thueng xuyen han. b) Dinh tuyen bang thu$t toan tim throng tan ty theo then gian Dinh tuyen bang thu$t toan tim throng then qr theo then gian (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm - TORA) la mot giao thirc dinh tuyen tren ca so mot thu$t torn "dao lien ket" ("Link Reversal"). NO dugc thief ke de tim cac tuyen dueng theo yeu eau, cung cap Mau tuyen tai mot &eh, thiet 1#p tuyen nhanh va giant tai mire ter thieu phan phy tai (overhead) bang thu$t toan khoanh yang cheng lai tic thay del ve hinh trang mpg c6 the say ra. Viec tai uu djnh WA' (dm throng ngin nhat) doge coi la thin yeu vi viec djnh tuyen vii the duerng dal han dirge sir dung thuerng xuyen de trinh pha ► phu tai khi tim throng mai. Trang 3version This is trial www.adultpdf.com Host Ong cea giao thirc TORA duqc hinh dung gi6ng nhu dua ntrec chity dOc xueing qua mOt mang cac dubng Ong vi huang tai mOt diem dich. Cac dubng Ong me to ck lien kit gifts cac nut mang, cic diem noi cac dubng Ong nay m8 to cac nut mang va nuec chay trong the Ong m8 to cac g6i tin duqc djnh tuyen huang ten dich. M6i not mOt dO cao so yea dich duqc firth toil' boi giao thirc djnh tuyen va dO cao gam din tren tuyin, nhb v#y 0 the chuyin g6i tin mOt cach twin ttr de tai dich. c) Giao thirc djnh tuyEn ngu8n dOng Diem ca ban tha giao thirc djnh tuyin ngu6n dOng ( Dynamic Source Routing DSR) la viec se dung djnh tuyin nguen. Tic 11, nai giri nhon biet duqc hohn toan tuyen dubng dont cac lien kat din tai dich. Cic tuyen dubng nay duqc luu trong bO nha djnh tuyin (Route Cache). Cic g6i de lieu mang theo thong tin djnh tuyen ngu6n trong tieu di gel !Chi met nut trong mpg Ad hoc muAn giri mOt gel tin tai met dich ma no chua then hitt duqc tuyen dubng, n6 se se dung mOt tier With tim dubng (Route Discovery) de xic djnh mOt tuyen. Tien trinh tim dubng se giri tan Ian vio trong mang cac g6i you au tuyen (Route Request-RREQ). Mgi not then duqc RREQ lai tiep tic quAng bit no, trir khi not de II not dich ho#c c6 met tuyen tai dich duqc luu trong bO nhe djnh tuyen. CAc net nay tra Ibi do g6i RREQ bang cac g6i h6i am djnh tuyen (Route Reply-RREP). Cac g6i nay duqc djnh tuyen tra lai ngu6n. Cac g6i RREQ Nth RREP ding duqc djnh tuyen theo ngu6n. Cite g6i RREQ lep len met thy& xuyen qua mpg. Gel RREP djnh tuyen tra lai nguOn bang each di nguqc tra lai theo tuyen dubng nAy. Thong tin ve tuyen duct mang tr6 lai bing g6i RREP vi ductc km tai ngugn de se dtmg. Neu mOt lien ket tren mOt tuyen bj se 0, net ngutin duqc thong bit° bang mOt g6i Igi (Route Error-RERR). Ngugn se xoa tuyen nay trong b0 the djnh tuyen vi bit d'au met tier tint' tim dubng mei niu tuyin nay con can duet. Trong DSR Itheng can met ca chi tl#c bit nit) de phit hien cic vong 1#p djnh tuyin. d) Djnh tuyen dip vao chugi chi huang theo yeu ciu tam thbi Djnh tuyin dtra vac, chugi chi huang theo you tam thbi (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance- Vector Routing - AODV) c6 diem giong DSR la n6 cling tim cac dubng yeu eau th8ng qua mOt bang mOt tien trinh ten diking tucmg ti. Tuy nhien, AODV sa dtmg mOt ca chi rat khic de luu gift th8ng tin djnh tuyen. NO sir dung cic bang djnh tuyen truyen thong, m6i mac la met dich. Day IA diem nguqc lai DSR (DSR 0 the I= gift nhieu mac cho m6i dich). Kitting c6 djnh tuyin ngu6n, AODV dtra vAo do mac trong bang djnh tuyen truyen mOt RREP trb ve ngu6n va sau de,duqc sir dung de djnh tuyen cac gel so lieu duqc tai dich. AODV sir dung cac s6 the ti duqc luu tai m6i a Trong 4version This is trial www.adultpdf.com Bich de xic djnh tinh mai cis thong tin din]) tuyen va chong loi cic yang l#p djnh tuyen. Tit ci cic &Si deu mang theo cic se the ty My. MOt d#c diem quan tong curt AODV Ii lint gift cic tong thai djnh gib can ban trong m8i nut de ten dung cic num trong bang djnh tuyen don. MOt muc trong bang djnh tuyen c6 the bj xoa nett n6 khang duqc se dung trong th6i gian gin. Giao thirc DSDV la giao thin djnh tuyen theo bang, cic giao they DSR, TORA, AODV thuOc loci giao thee djnh tuyin theo you diu. 1.2.2. Nin tong ang nghf Cac den b0 trong cong nghe chi too cic thikt bj dien ti rat nh6 gia re vai cOng suit thip va phan Ma chit nang cao, cic but den trong c8ng nghe mong khang day vi trong linh virc vi dieu Mat de too m dem Sing to 16n trong linh Arc cam Wen va thu th#p de lieu. Viec sir dung cic bO vi dieu lchien ding suit thip tich hqp kb& thu phat vo tuyen vi cic duet bj dun bien tuong Ur, so khic nhau cho phep mOt mong cic thiet bj cam bat khong day hoot dOng bing ngu6n acquy c6 the thu th#p de lieu ve Sol trubng trong phom vi 16n. De lieu nay c6 the duqc tai den mOt may tinh vi duqc km trong ca s?r de lieu. Sau do, c6 the duqc phfin tich thong qua mOt phin mem ling dung. Ket qui c6 the duqc truy xuit trqc tiep hdic obi mOt trinh duyet Web chuin 6 bit cir din tren Internet. Cic mong Sensor ngiy nay c6 Stang cii lien ding ke so vOi cic Sensor truyin thong theo hai huOng: — Cic Sensor c6 the d#t 6 xa hien num, tic la cic th8ng tin ve hien tiro% c6 duqc nh6 riling lye cam bien vi phan tich. Theo huOng nay, yeu au cic Sensor lan sir dung mOt s6 ky thuitt phirc top de nhen hie& duqc cic dich ti cic top am moi twang 6 khoing cich xa; — Nhieu Sensor chi yeti chi hoot dOng cam bien duqc then khai. Vi tri cic Sensor va hinh tong th8ng tin duqc firth town can then. Ching duqc lien kit thanh mOt mong de truyen th8ng tin ve cic dign bien cia hien tucmg duqc them d6 tai cic nut trung tam, nai tiep nh#n va xi 1± du lieu. MOt mang Sensor bao gem mOt s6 !wag lon cic nut (tut then khai day d#c ben trong d6i Wong can thin' do hdic 6 rat gin no. Vi tri cis cic Sensor }tilting can phii djnh tart. Dieu My cho phep hien khai nglu nhien trong cic vimg khong the tiep din ho#c trong cic hoot dung tninh sq nguy lam. Dieu My ding c6 nghia Ii cic thu$t Wan vi giao thirc phai c6 khi niing to to chirc. MOt d#c trung nfta ciut mong Sensor la khi Wing cling tic cia cic Sensor. Cic Nit Sensor phii c6 bO xi ly gin trong. Thay vi chuyen cic dit lieu th8 din cic nit co nhiem vu xi iSr, de nut Sensor se sir dung khi neng tinh tam cis n6 de thqc hien cic xti. 1Sr din gian va chi chuyen di cic de lieu duqc yeu ciu vi dit qua xir IST sa b0. Trang 5 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Cac dac diem tren dua den met pham vi ting dung lan dui mang Sensor. MOt s6 Arc duqc limg dung la y te, club sir vi an ninh. VI du nhu the Mc si se kiem tra Ut xa cat du lieu ye sixth 1ST benh nhan. Dieu My yen thuon tier cho benh shin vita gifip cac bac si hieu rb hot ve tinh trong benh than. Mang Sensor con duqc se dung de phat hien citc tic nhan hea hac trong kitting khi vi nu6c. Chting giup chi ra kieu, stir co lai va vi tri cue the chit. Ve ca ban, the mang Sensor cung ap cho ngtrei sir dung sir hieu test hen, thong minh hen ye mei trtemg. Chang to c6 the thay ring trong tucmg lai, ac mang wireles Sensor se 11 met plan kheng the thieu trong cuOc sting, gieng nhu may tinh ci nhan Men nay. Cac dung thvc to cult mang Sensor yeu au phai se dung cling nghe mang Wireless Ad hoc. Mkic de vay, c6 nhieu thu$t Wan vi giao that da duce se dung cho the mang Wireless Ad hoc truyen thing nhung chting kheng phi hqp lim vei the dac tinh va you eau ting dung cue mpg Sensor, De minh hoe diem nay, sv Ichac nhau gifts mang Sensor vi mang Wireless Ad hoc duce phic hoe dual day: — S6 luqng net Sensor tong mpg Sensor c6 the dirge yeu au 6 mire len hen rat nhieu so Arai the mang Ad hoc; —Ck nut Sensor duqc trien khai van mat de 16n han; —Cac not Sensor thuong gap trot trac; —Hinh trong mang Sensor thay dei rat thutng xuyen; —Cac net Sensor thuong sir dung me hlnh thong tin quing bai nguqc lai the mang Ad hoc sit dung truyen thong diem- diem; —Cac nut Sensor c6 han chi ve tong xuat, kha nang tinh Wan vi be nha; —Cac not Sensor c6 the kitting c6 nhan clang toan cue do se lugng nut Sensor 16n. VI met se lugng 16n nut Sensor duqc trien khai day 4c net talc net Mn can c6 the rat gin nhau. Do d6, truyen thong da lien kit (Multihop) dirge chen de Gong suit sir dung thAp hen so vol tray& thong don lien kit truyen thong (Single hop). Han nib, tong suit truyen dAn c6 the gift a mire thap, dieu my nit can cho the host dung ngAm. Truyen thong da lien kit con c6 met se hieu quit truyen tin hieu test hen so WA truyin th6ng khoing catch xa. MOt han the quasi trqng rift& mitt the not Sensor la yeu au phai R IM thieu tang suit tieu thu. Cac nut Sensor chi tich trft duce nguen rang luqng han the vi Wong dirge thay the. VI voy, tong khi the mang truyin thing ludo dat mire tieu cung cap chat lugng djch (QoS) cao thi the giao thec trong mang Sensor phiti chit trqng den str bao Mn nguon nang lugng. Ngu&i se dung phai chqn gifts tool thq ant mang vii han the ve thong lugng hay de to truyen din 16n. Trang 6 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 1.3. M8 tit bf thong 1.3.1. Mo td he thing ling quit Cic nut Sensor duqc then khai trong mOt truemg Sensor (Sensor field) duqc mirth hqa tren hinh 1.1. Mei nut Sensor duqc phat tan cet khit nang thu thap thong se se lieu, djnh tuyen so lieu ve b0 thu nhAn (Sink) de chuyen ten ngubi dimg (User) vi djnh tuyin cic ban tin mang theo lenh hay you du ttlr nut Sink den cac nut Sensor. SO lieu &cc djnh tuyen ve phis be thu nhfin (Sink) theo du truc da lien kit kh8ng c6 co kr hit tong nen fling (Multihop Infrastructureless Architecture), dm la khong o5 cac tram thu phat gec hay cac truing tam dieu khien, nhtr trong hinh 1.1. BO thu nhan to the lien lac tnrc tiep v6i tram dieu hanh (Task Manager Node) caa ngtriti dimg ho(ic gian dap th8ng qua Internet hay ye firth (Satellite). User Ifinh 1.1. M8 hinh trier khai cac nut Sensor MOt nut Sensor duqc tao len tir ben think phin co ban lit: b0 cam bien, be xfr it, be thu phat kh8ng day va nguon. Tut theo ling citing cy the, nut Sensor con c6 the c6 cat thank phAn be xung nhu he thong tim vj tri, bet sinh riling luqng va thiet bj di dung. Cic thanh plain trong mOt nut Sensor duqc minh hog tren hinh 1.2. BO cam bien thueng thuerng gem hai don vj thanh phiin lit thief bj dm bien (Sensor) vi b0 chuyen deli Prong Vise (ADC). Cac tin hieu twang to c6 duqc tir cac Sensor trill co so cam bien cac hien tucmg duqc chuyen sang tin hieu se bang bO chuyen di ADC, rei mei duqc dua tai be xAr 19. BO xar lt thtremg kit hqp voi met be nher the, phan tich thong , tin dm in& vi quan It cac thu tuc Ong tic vei cat nut khic de phei hqp thyt hien nhiem vv. BO thu phat dam bio th8ng tin eta nut Sensor va mpg bang kit ad kh8ng day, c6 the la v8 tuyen, hung ngoai hok bang tin hieu quang. MOt thanh phAn quan Trang 7version This is trial www.adultpdf.com twig ctia nut Sensor la bO ngu6n. BO ngu6n, c6 the la pin ho(ic acquy, cung cap Ming luqng cho nut Sensor vi kh8ng thay the duqc nen nguan nang Ituyng dm nut thueng 111 giOi han. BO ngu6n c6 the duqc ha trq bed cic fiat bj sinh niing luqng, vi dv nhu cic tam pin m#t tan the. Hiu het cic ding nghe djnh tuyin trong mpg Sensor vu cic nhiem vy cam bien you ciu phai c6 sir nh$n biet ye vj tri vOi de chfnh xic cao. Do de, cic nut Sensor among phai c6 he thing tim vj tri. Cic thiet bj di gong den khi cling can thiet de di chuyen oic nut Sensor theo you tin di dim bio cic nhiem vµ duqc phan c8ng. He thing tim vj tri Thiet bj di dung Rd aim hiin Rd _cd• hi 4 _-_;Thiet bj za Sensor ADC Thiet bj nhe Bp thu phdt BO ngute 14 1 BO sinh Ming luqng Hinh 1.2. Ctie thanh phizn etia nut Sensor De minh hoa re hop ye mpg Sensor lcheng day trong thvc te, phan tiep sau day se giei thieu met he thing mang Sensor dien hinh. DO la he thing WISENET. 1.3.2. He thling WISENET a) Geri thieu he thing WISENET WISENET (Wireless Sensor NETwork) la he thing thu nhon dit lieu ye moi twang nhu tinh sang, nhiet de vi dO km ttY met mang gem cic thiet bj cam bien kh8ng day c8ng suit thip duqc gqi la cic "hat cam Bien" (Sensor motes). De lieu nay dirge chuyen ten met may ch6 vi duqc luu trong met ca se de lieu. Met chuang trinh Web se nii#n de lieu phan tich vi hien thj tren trinh duyet Web. Mai hat Sensor duqc tich hqp bOi met vi dieu khien, met be thu phat ve, tuyin, cic phin ter ciun bien mei trubng vi nguen nuoi. Met he dieu hinh thai gian thvc duqc gqi li TinyOS (Tiny Operation System) duqc s>f dvng de tan thieu cling suit lieu thy ma van cung cap !chi niing dieu the ding suit cao vi cho phop cic haat dung t#p trung deg thin. b) Sa d6 he thing WISENET Trang 8version This is trial www.adultpdf.com He th6ng WISENET gam hat h¢ thong con chinh la phan tich so lieu (Data Analysis Subsystem) va thu nhen so lieu (Data Acquisition Subsystem), ba thanh phin chinh la tram chit (Server), tram ngtrei clang (Client) va mang cac hat Sensor (Sensor mote network). CUBIT SERVER DATA ANALYSIS SUBSYSTEM SENSOR MOTE NETWORK j. DATA ACQUISITION SUBSYSTEM . . j Hinh 1.3. Sa do he tang WISENET Cac he thong con chinh la: - He thOng con phan tick so lieu: He thong con nay chi gam phan mem . Nd dva tren ca sec ha tang Internet vi Web hien tai (HTTP) de truyen th8ng tin gifts may firth chit (Server) va may truy 4p (Client). Nhiem vtr cern he thong con nay la chip ley cac de lieu m8i tnrbng thich hqp chug duqc xir ly co duqc nh6 he thong thu nhen de lieu, phfut tich va girt ket qui den ngtr?ri ding theo yeu au. ` , - He thimg thu nhOn so lieu: Mix inch ctia he thong con nay thu thap se lieu m8i trtemg vi luu frit trong ca s6 de lieu de sau do he thong ph& tich se xir ljr. He thong con bao g6m mpg cac Sensor duqc ket hqp vai may tinh chit duqc cai philn mem he thong (TinyOS Daemon). Cac thanh phim chinh cda he thong bao gam: - Trgm ngicai dung (Client): Client IA thanh phen can thiet nhtmg 11 thanh phan ben ngolti. CO nghia la chi can Client la bet cfr may firth nio co trinh duyet Web (Web browser) va duqc not mang Internet. Nd chi deng vai fro la giao dien cM ngtrai se dvng den vai he thong phfin tich s6 lieu. Nd dim ra yeu clu s6 lieu cM ngubi sir dung vai tram chd vu thu 'Ay cac s6 lieu dA yeu ciu. - Trgm chi (Server): DAy 11 thAnh phen then chOt cM he thong, 11 m6i lien lac gift hat he thong con thu nh$n va phAn tich s6 lieu. va met phan tich so lieu Trang 9 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com ne le mOt may chit HTTP (HTTP Server) mang mOt ting doing Web (Web program). Khi nh#n duqc mOt yeu ciu ye trang Web, may chit HTTP gqi (mg dung Web My nhon so lieu tar ca sa do lieu (SQL Database), phan tich vi due lei trang theo you ciu den may firth ngubi thing (Client). ye phis he thttng thu nh#n dO lieu, c6 mOt trinh tien Ich hoot ding ngAm (Daemon) duqc gqi la wiseDB de trio d6i thong tin ding yeti mang Sensor. WiseDB dam nhon viec gfri cic lenh qua lien ket not flip 8232 den c6ng giao tiep (gateway mote) de chuyin tee mang Sensor. N6 cOng dim nhen viec thu th$p se lieu tir mpg Sensor (ciing thong qua gateway mote). 56 lieu due den duqc 361 lgt rat it vi duqc chuyin vao ca se do lieu. Nhu v$y, ca sa dtt lieu SQL la au an gilts hai he thong thu nhfut vi xir ly set lieu. Vi ca sa do lieu SQL lien lac th8ng qua TCP/IP nen chi tram chef HTTP vi chtrcmg trinh Web an phai duqc d#t trong Mng mOt to chtic vet lg. Tram chti HTTP, ca sa dn. lieu SQL, wiseDB co the dtit trong cic t6 chirc vet lt khic nhau vi ket nei thong qua Internet. Trinh to host ding dm Server duqc tom tit nhu sau: a Client yeu cau so lieu yeti cac dieu kien Mint tra cic tham s6 dieu lden hqp le. Nh#n s6 lieu tfr ca sa chit lieu, tut theo ring buOc ctia tram khich Tao trang Web vii de lieu da duqc yeu ciu Girl trang Web din Client HMI: 1.4. Trinh to hoot tong mia Server — Ming ccic ho t Sensor: Mang cic Sensor la thanh phin tong tam dm he tilting. Cac Sensor dim nhen viec thu th$p so lieu mei truing vi chuyen cic sti lieu nay den tram chit. NO can phai nh#n elk lenh tir tram chi, co the 11 you ciu ve s6 lieu hay tai chtrcmg trinh mai. C6 hai phin tir thuOc thinh phin nay. Thter nhAt la cic hat thong thubng (Standard mote). Cale hat My co nhiem thu th$p cic th8ng tin cam bien tim m8i trtrang, bao gem anh sing, nhiet do, dO Am vi truyen cic s6 lieu ntly den gateway. Cluing truyen thong tin qua lien ket v8 tuyen Ong suit thip a dii tan ISM 900 MHz vi dim him tat ci Mc goi du duce dua tai Gateway. Cluing can ce phin cimg hieu chinh vi gum sit ding suit nguOn. Hut c6ng (Gateway mote) la phan hi di* hai cue mang Sensor motes. Muc (Itch chinh cue ne la lien lac gitta tram chit vi mang Sensor qua lien ket vo thy& RS-232 vi chuyin tit ci cic &Si so lieu tin WiseDB. Ca hai Trang 10version This is trial www.adultpdf.com phlin hi' Standard mote vi Gateway mote deu c6 cang phin cimg vi phin mem, ching chi khic nhau ve chirc nang. SCUM MOM Hinh 1.5. Cric thinh plain trong hot Sensor Ck thinh phin tong hat Sensor throe minh hog tren hinh 1.5, bao gam: — Ck Sensor cim Bien inh sing, dO Am, nhiet do (Light, Humidity, Temp); cic LED tang thii; — Mach thu phit v8 tuyen, mach giao tiep RS-232 (UARTS), cic be chuyen Wong to-so (ADC), vi zit 15, 18i 8051, be nh6 SRAM vi FLASH (chins he dieu hinh TinyOS, phtm mem) dirgetich hop ten vi mach CC1010; — Phan mem he thong (drivers) giao tiep RS-232 (chi trong gateway), be thu phit vo tuyin vi antent; — BO nguon nueii (Om acquy, mach giim sit nguOn). c) Cic tieu chuin dirge ip dung — Giao that truyin sieu van bin (HTTP); —Ng8n ngit truy yin then eau true (SQL); — Lien ket vo tuyin not tiep RS-232; —Lien ket not tiep vi dieu lchien (I2C); — Quy djnh FCC (dii tin deg nghiep, khoa hoc, y to ISM). 1.4. Tong Ewan vi loan frac meng Ngan xip giao thtc throe so doing trong be thu nh$n (not Sink) vi tat ca the nut Sensor dirge minh hod tong hinh 1.6. Ngan zip giao thim nay phOi hop eac tinh Win ve djnh tuyen vi nang luting, kat hop se lieu v6i the giao thirc mang, truyen tin veri hieu quit vi Wing Wong th6ng qua Trang 11version This is trial www.adultpdf.com mai twang khong day vi tang cterng sv hqp tic gifts Mc nut Sensor. Nan xlp giao that bao gem 16p 1mg dung (Application Layer), lop giao von (Transport Layer), 16p mpg (Network Layer), 16p lien ket s6 lieu (Datalink Layer), 16p v#t 19 (Physical Layer), mat bang quart 19 Wing ltryng (Power Management Plane), mat bing quip 19 di dung (Mobility Management Plane) vi mat bang quin 19 nhiem vp (Task Management Plane). Appikadon Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physkal Layer Hinh 1.6. Nen xip giao that mom Sensor TuS, then nhiem cam Bien, dc kik phin mem frng dung c6 the duqc xay dung vi sir dung tren 16p (mg dung. Lop giao von &up duy tri dang s6 lieu khi cic *rig dung dm mpg Sensor yeu cau. Lop mpg top trung vio viec djnh tuyen so lieu duqc cung cAp bari lop giao von. Do mai trutmg c6 nhigu vi cuc Mt Sensor c6 the di dung duqc, giao Daft MAC phai duqc tinh tour ve Ming luqng vi tdi thieu has va chum trong viec phit quing bi vei cic nut Ian con . Utp vot 19 stl dung cac ky thult die'u che, truyin vi nh#n cin thiet don giin nhung mph me. Them vio de, cic mat bing quirt 19 ming luqng, di dOng vi nhiem vu dieu khien sr phan ph6i Wing luqng, phOi hqp di chuyin vi nhiem vp gifts cic nut Sensor. Cic mat bing niy glop cho cic nut Sensor c6 the phai hop trong nhiem vu cam Wen vi giim duqc thng &Mg luqng tieu thy. Mat bing quin 19 tiling luqng quin 19 viec mOt nut Sensor stl dung &Mg luqng ctia n6 nhu the nio? Vi du, nth Sensor ce the tit bO phen sau khi nh$n mOt bin tin M. mOt trong Mc nut Ian On. Dieu My c6 the tranh duqc viec nh#n ban tin teri hai Ngoii ra, khi mitt Wing luyng caa nut Sensor thip, nut Sensor se thong bio ten tit cu cic nut lan On ring mirc Wing luqng thip cua no &I thip nen n6 khang the tham gia vio viec djnh tuyen cho cic bin tin. Nang luqng can 10 duqc dv tilt cho viec cam Trang 12version This is trial www.adultpdf.com bien. Met bing quin 19 di dung d6 tim vi ghi lai chuyin dOng dm nut Sensor, vi the mOt tuyen dutmg Wong ten nut user luon dirge duy tri vi cie nut Sensor co the theo dei dirge cic nut Sensor Ian c$n. V6i viec nhen biet dirge cic nut Sensor Ian c$n, nut Sensor co the can bing gifts nhiem vu vi Ming lugng sla clung. Met bang quirt 19 nhiem vu can bang vi sap xep nhiem vu cim bien cho mOt vfmg cu the. Khong pith tin ci cic Sensor trong vfmg d6 dirge yeu ciu thgc nhiem vu cim then tai cling mOt thbi diem. Ket qua la mOt vii nut Sensor thgc hien nhiem nhieu hop cic nit khic tu9 theo mire ning lugng ctla chung. Nhftng met quail 19 nay rat can thiet, nhu vay, cic nut Sensor ce the lam viec ming yeti nhau de c6 hieu qua ve met nang lugng, ce the djnh tuyen se lieu trong mOt mang Sensor di dung vi chia se UM nguyen gitta cic nut Sensor. Neu kitting, mgi nit Sensor se chi lam viec mOt each don le. Xuat phat quan diem xem xet trong tan mang Sensor, se hieu qui hon neu cic nut Sensor c6 the hoot dOng NT tic vol nhau, nhu the cling c6 the keo dii Si thg cult mpg. 1.4.1. Lop eng dyng Mgc db nhieu linh we ling dung cho mang Sensor dirge vach r8 vi dugs de xuit, cic giao thirc lerp ling dung con dem tang cho ming Sensor van con li mOt vOng rung 16n chua dirge Icham phi. Trong phin nay, chting to se khio sit ba giao thirc 16p Ong dung quan Ming li giao tithe quin 19 Sensor (Sensor Management Protocol-SMP), giao thirc phan nhiem vu vi quing cio s6 lieu (Task Assignment and Data Advertisement Protocol-TADAP), giao thfrc truy van Sensor vi phe hien se lieu (Sensor Query and Data Dissemination Protocol-SQDDP), rat can thiet cho mpg Sensor tren co set nheng so a dirge de mat ce lien quan ten nhltng 16p khic vi cic Milt vtrc (mg dung mang Sensor. Tat ci cic giao that lop Ong dung nay deu la nhttng van de nghien cfru c6 firth mer. a) Giao thfrc quail 19 Sensor Viec thiet ke mOt giao Ogre quin 15, 16p Ong dung c6 nhieu thuen Igi. Mung Sensor ce nhieu linh we ling dung khic nhau vi viec truy nhop den cac Sensor th8ng qua cic mang ram Internet duqc djnh htreng tong mOt se the dtr an hien nay. MOt giao thine quip 19 lap Ong dung lam cho phin cling vi ph& mem cis cac 16p thap tat len trong su6t vdi the ling dung quail ly mang Sensor. Tut li, viec sir dung cac phin clang vi phan mem nio cho lop thip khong inh Sang tOi hoot dung ctia cic ling dung (plan IY mang Sensor. Cic nhi quin tri he theng tic dOng tOi mung Sensor nhb sir dung SMP. Khang nhu nhieu mpg khac, mpg Sensor bao gem cac nut Icherng as cac se than dung ID (IDentify ) tom cue vi chUng thubng khong ce co se. ha tang mang. VI the SMP can Trang 13version This is trial www.adultpdf.com