Tài liệu Nghiên cứu sự ảnh hưởng của chuyển động và giao thức định tuyến trong mannet

BO GIAO DVC VA DAO TAO TRlioNG 141 HQC THANG LONG —o0o- CHUYEN DE TOT NGHIEP NGHIEN CiJ'U S1 ANH HUtING CUA CHUAN HANG VA GIAO THit DiNH TUYEN TRONG MANET Gilo vien htrang din Sinh vien thvc hien Ma sinh vien Chuyen nganh : ThS. Hosing Thong Minh : Trio Van Tuin : A14325 : Tin vien thong HA NOI — 2013 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com BANG THUAT Naos WET TAT • Chit tieng Viet Chit dAy di Chit vitt tit ABR Associativity-Based Routing Djnh tuyen theo lien ket ACK Acknowledgement Bao then AODV MANET On-Demand Distance Vector giao thirc dinh tuyen vector khoang each theo yeu ciu MANET AP Access point Diem truy c#p BS Base station Trim g6c CBR Constant Bit Rate T6c dO bit c6 dinh DEST Destination Dich DHCP Dynamic host configuration protocol Giao thtic ciu hinh host gong DSDV Destination sequenced distance vector Djnh tuyen vector khoang ach tan tu den dich DSR Dynamic source routing Dinh tuyen nguen gong DYMO Dynamic MANET On-demand FDMA Frequency division multiple access Da truy cop phin chia theo song Id Identifcation NhOn ding IEEE Institute of electrical and electronics Hec vien Id su dien va dien ter engineers IN Intermediate IP Internet protocol LAN Local area network Ming cyc be MAC Media access control Dieu khien truy c$p dtemg tuyen MANET Mobile MANET network Ming di dOng khong dAy dry Trung gian This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Trion Van Tuan A14325 - Eden MIP Mobile IP OLSR Optimized Link State Routing PDA Personal digital assistant May trq ljr ca Sian dung kr di* so QoS Quality of service Chat luqng djch Ai RPC Remote Procedure Call SRC Source NgutIon TCP Transmission power control Dieu khiin ding suit truyen TTL Time to Live Thai gian sting VANET Vehicular MANET Network Mang xe cer MANET WLAN Wireless local area network Mang khong day cyc 130 . Dinh tuyin bang thai lien kit eel uu This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Tr/dn Van Tuan-A14325 MUC LV C TONG QUAN VE MANET CHIJONG 1. 1.1 Mir dAu 3 3 1.2 !Choi niem 3 1.3 DSc Sin 5 1.4 frog dyng Dich Vi4 khan cap 1.4.1 5 5 1.4.2 Hof nghi 6 1.4.3 Home Networking 7 1.4.4 Mang ca nhan (PAN) 7 1.4.5 He Mang nhang (embeded system) 8 1.4.6 Mpg xe ca (vehicular network) 8 1.4.7 Mang cam &in (sensor network) 9 1.5 Nhftng thich thtc dti voi MANET Chi phi cho viec su dung tan so 1.5.1 9 9 1.5.2 Ca chi truy Map 9 1.5.3 Dinh tuyin va chuyin Hip gal tin trong MANET 10 1.5.4 Hieu quci sti dyng nguan nu& 10 1.5.5 Ric tinh TCP 10 1.5.6 Chat lticmg dich vy (QoS) 11 1.5.7 Tinh an toan va bao mdt 11 DJNH TUYEN TRONG MANET CHUOrNG 2. diin 2.1 Giao they dinh tuytn Dinh tuyin clya tren trong dull lien kit 2.1.1 a 2.1.2 Dinh tuyin dya tren vector lchoang each 2.2 Giao that dinh tuytn cho MANET Cac yeu cats chung 2.2.1 13 13 13 14 14 14 2.2.2 Phan logi 17 2.2.3 Dinh tuyin theo bang, dinh tuyin theo yeu cau va dinh tuyin lai 17 2.2.4 Cau true va phan ba tten trinh dinh tuyin 19 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Trdn Van Tuan-A 14325 2.3 Optimized link state routing (OLSR) Bdu chpn Multipoint relay 2.3.1 21 21 2.3.2 Truytin ba ban tin di*J'u khan topo (Topology control) 23 2.3.3 Tinh toem tuyin 23 2.4 Dynamic source routing (DSR) Dinh tuyin ngudn 2.4.1 23 23 2.4.2 Khom pha tuyin 24 2.4.3 Duy tri tuyin 26 2.5 Ad hoc on- demand distance vector routing (AODV) 28 2.5.1 Kham pha tuyin 29 2.5.2 Thiit lap tuyin during ngwac 30 2.5.3 Thiit lap tuyezn dyeing thuan 31 2.5.4 Quin 13i bang dinh tuyin 32 2.5.5 Cap nhat during &It tuyin 33 33 2.6 Dynamic manet on- demand (DYMO) THONG SO DANH GIA VA MO HINH CHUYEN BONG CHUONG 3. 37 TRONG MO PRONG M3NG MANET 37 3.1 Thong só Minh gill giao they MANET 37 Thong so dank gia chit luring 3.1.1 Thong so ;rich ban 38 3.2 Mo hinh di chuyin ma phong MANET Mo hinh di chuyin ngeru nhien 3.2.1 39 40 11.2 3.2.2 MO hinh di chuyin Throng ngifu nhien vol von tac khong dal 40 3.2.3 MO hinh di chuyin Random Waypoint 40 3.2.4 MO hinh di chuyin Throng ngeiu nhien 41 MO PHONG VA DANH GIA THONG LUVNG CiJA CHUONG 4. 44 AODV, OLSR, DSR VA DYMO BANG OMNET++ 44 4.1 GM thitu chung omnet++ 44 fling quern v*J Omnet++ 4.1.1 47 Sa dung OMNeT++ 4.1.2 4.2 M6 phi:mg Khai tgo mo phong 4.2.1 4.2.2 Mat so hinh anh mO phang This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Tran Van Tuin-A14325 51 51 52 4.2.3 Kit qua mó phong ofic giao thir Binh tuyin MANET 55 4.2.4 Dcinh gib va kit huin 57 ICET LUAN CHVONG 5. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 58 59 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Trcin VIM Tucin-A 14325 MIJC LIJC HINH ANH Hinh 1.1 sMo hinh mo to khai niem MANET 4 Hinh 1.2 Ung dung cho cac djch vp ldpin cap khi c6 thien tai 6 Hinh 1.3 ling dung trong cac hei nghj 6 With 1.4 Ung dung cho home networking 7 Hinh 1.5 fling dung cho mpg cit nhin 8 Hinh 1.6 Ung dung cho mang xe c0 9 Hinh 2.1 He tqa de ca ban me tit SA tremg MANET 15 Hirsh 2.2 Phan logi cac giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET 17 Hinh 2.3 Quit trinh phat tan lan ban tin quitng ba 21 With 2.4 Biu chqn MPR 22 Hinh 2.5 Kham phi tuyen trong DSR 24 Hitt 2.6 Duy tri tuyen, nut C khong the chuyen tiep to A den E qua 27 HIM 2.7 Thiet lop tuyen dtrang di ngtrqc 31 Hinh 2.8 Thiet lop tuyin throng thu$n 32 HIM 2.9 Sv khic nhau gifts AODV vi DYMO 34 Hitt 3.1 M8 hinh di chuyen Random Waypoint 41 Hinh 3.2 MO hinh di chuyen hating nglu nhien 41 With 4.1 Cie module dan giro vi ket hqp 46 HIM 4.2 Cac ket not 47 Hinh 4.3 Qua trinh girl ban tin RREQ curt DYMO 53 Hinh 4.4 Qui trinh giri ban tin RREP cita DYMO 54 Hinh 4.5 Qua trinh gui gel tin da lieu cua DYMO 54 Hinh 4.6 Qua trinh giri ACK bao nhon ciut DYMO 55 Hinh 4.7 Th8ng Immg dau cu6i - al& This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Man Van Tulin A14325 - 56 LEI NOI DAU Cling vai str gia tang nhanh chOng ye s6 luqng cling nhu cong nghe ctia cic thiet bj di dOng keo then nhu ciu ctia ngtrai sir dung ding nghe khong day ngiy cling cao va da dung. Vi vay de dip (mg dugs xu the do, mang thong tin khong day ngity nay phii girth vac tang trich Ian han la gill quyet yin de ve Iuu lucmg da phuang lien, toe dO cao, chit luqng ngiy cling phii tot han. Song song vai you ciu h6 trq da phuang tien vii chit lucmg dich vti (QoS) dim bio, cfic cong nghe giao tiep kh8ng day khic nhau da xuit hien, MANET la mOt kieu mang thong tin khong day firth hoat. DO IA tip him ctia hai hay nhieu thiet bj duqc trang bi khi nang not mang vi truyen thong khong day. Cic thiet bj de co the giao flip vai cic nut mpg khic ngay lip tirc trong Wing phii sang hay mOt thiet bj khong day khic ben ngoiti vai dieu kien c6 cic not trang gian de chuyen tiep thOng tin tir nut nguOn den nut dich. MANET c6 kha rang tv t6 chat vi thich nghi, !chi da hlnh thanh co the bj gill tan bit cu 10c nio m8 khong can den bit cir sv quirt trj he thOng Mo. MANET c6 nhieu clang khic nhau vi c6 the di chuyen, dung dOc lop hay not mpg. Cic nut mang c6 the phit hien sv c6 met curt cic thiet bi khic trong gill v8 tuyen vi thirc hien sv bit tay can thiet de cho phep truyen thong, chia se thong tin vi dich vv. TopO cfra mpg thong tin thy bien thay doi dOng do cic thiet bj khong bj ring buOc vio mOt vi tri cv the nen viec truy nhep phuang tien tip trang. Giao thirc djnh tuyen phiti giim Iuu luqng dieu khien, don gitin tinh town dubng djnh tuyen. Chinh vi the giao thirc dinh tuyen dOng vai fro quan tang trong von luinh MANET. Chuyen li tong quan ve ban giao thirc dinh tuyen trong MANET, dinh gii thOng luqng cua cic giao thirc da dva ten cong m8 phOng OMNET-H-. Do thei gian cling nhu trinh dO con han chi, chuyen de kh8ng trinh khoi nhang thieu sat, em rat mong Whin duqc y kien deng gOp tir cac thiy co vi cic ban. Em xin chart thanh cam an tit Holing Trong Minh, ngtrai da dinh hueng, huang din vi chi bio em hob thinh chuyen de nay. HA N0i, thing 7 nom 2013 Sinh Vitt Tribi Van Tulin Trion Van Tulin-A 14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 1 TOM TAT CHUYEN DE MANET la met ding nghe Mu dung trong mang kh8ng day. Cling nghe nay cho phep cat nit mang giao tiep trac tiep veri nhau bang cach sir dung may thu phat vo tuyen ma khong can ce ca sb ha ding c6 djnh. Day li mot dac tnmg rieng coca MANET so yeti cac mang truyen thong train day nhu mang cellular hay mpg LAN khong day khi 6 d6 cac nit giao tiep vOl nhau thong qua tram gec (Base Station). Tuy MANET phai del mat vai met se thtich thirc nhu giai han pham vi truyen din, vin de tram An, mat gel do 161 cluing truyen, sa chuyen dOng cita dm nut mpg lam thay dOi tuyen cluing, sv ring buOc ye bang th8ng vi fling luqng. Giao thirc djnh tuyen duqc sir dung de Itham phi tuyen giffa cac nit giip cho viec giao tiep trong mang de ding han. Mac dfch chinh curt mot giao thirc djnh thy& trong MANET la thitt Ilp tuyen cluing chinh xac va hi'e'u qua giCra cac c. p not. Chuyen de dua ra ding quan ve bent giao thirc djnh tuyen: DYMO, DSR, AODV, OLSR, sir dung cling cu ma phong OMNET++ vi danh gia tre diu cuOi curt cac giao thic nay dva tren cac thong se d#t ra. Origin dl gam 5 droning • Chuang 1: Wing quan ve MANET • Chuang 2: Dinh tuyen trong MANET • Chuang 3: Thong s6 dimh gia vi m8 hinh chuyen dOng trong mo phong MANET • Chuang 4: MO phong va &nth gia thong luqng curt OLSR, AODV, DSR va DYMO bang OMNET++ • Chuang 5: KM lutin Trim Van Tulin-A 14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 2 TONG QUAN VE MANET CHUCING 1. TONG QUAN Vt MANET Chuang nay trinh bay cac khai niem tong quan nit& ve MANET, cac img dyng trong nhieu Huh vcre cutjc song cua MANET. Dting thtri, de cOp den cac thach thirc ma MANET dang phai 461 mot. 1.1 Mit diu Mang may tinh to lau da ter thank mot phiin khong the thieu d6i veri nhieu nhu vyt din sting, xa hOi. Tir cac hg thling mang eye bO den he thong mpg town Internet, mang may tinh dim mpi ngutri tren the gieri den gAn nhau hon. MOi ngtan duqc tiep can voi mot ngu6n th8ng tin, tri thirc phong Xa hOi phat trien, con ngoai von dung kh8ng ngimg, mot ngueri ket noi vao mpg bin cap vet l5/ thi viec di chuyen mem hp se bi han che. Nhu cau clOt ra lit vita ket n6i, vita c6 the di chuyen 6 bit dr tin mot each dun gib. Dieu nay khien cho ngluth cling nghiep mang khong day c6 tiem Ming phat trien mph me. MANET let mot kieu mang khong day rat linh hoot. N6 11 top hqp elm hai hay nhieu thiet bi doge trang bi khi Ming n6i mang va truyen thong khong day. Cac thiet bi nhu vOy c6 the giao tiep yen tit ca thiet bi mang Ichic ngay kip tut trong dai vo tuyen (yang phit sang, pham vi ma thiet bi mang 46 nhon biet duqc) hay mot thiet bi vo tuyen khic nAm ngotli dai vet' tuyen cua chin vai dieu kien c6 cac node trung gian de chuyen tiep th'Ong tin ter node ngu'6'n den node dich. Thiet bi ho trq MANET da clang va sir dyng kha ph6 bien nhu laptop, dien thoai di dOng Internet. Vi co nhieu uu the vuqt trOi va nhittng thach thirc can gilti quyet, ngity nay MANET da va dang duqc nghien ciru trien khai titbit conga mot s6 ntrac ma ph6 bien la MANET dk biet hau ich trong cac Ung dung nhu khic phyc tham hpa thien nhien, qu6c phong, y te, hOi nghi nen c6 xu huang (mg dyng rung tai tren the giai. 1.2 Kluli nitm MANET la to hqp cum cac node di dOng duqc ket n6i vtri nhau bing cac lien kit khong day, cac node to do di chuyen nen kien true mang ce the thay 461 lien tic ma khong dy dofin duqc. Moi node mang c6 mot giao dien vo tuyen giao tiep ved cac node mang khac thong qua sang vo tuyen hok hang ngoai. Cac mang nay kitting dung bit cir stir he; trq ca s6 ha tang mang c6 dinh hay chiu str quirt li t#p trung nao. Day la mot dOc diem rieng biet cum MANET so vai cac mang khong day truy'en th6ng: mang chia mang WLAN, trong do cac node (cac thue bao di dung) lien lac veri nhau thong qua tram vo tuyen ca 56. Triin Viin Tuin-A14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 3 TONG QUAN VE MANET Ilinh 1.1 sMo hinh mb lib khcii niem MANET Trong MANET kh8ng ton tai khii niem quirt ly top trung. N6 dim bito mang se khong hi s$p vi truing hqp nit mpg di chuyen ra ngoai khoting truyen din ctia cac nut mong khac. Nut mong co the ra vao bat cu lac nio. Do khoang truyen din dm nut mang lit han cht nen chfing trao deri thong tin bang phuong phap truyen gen tin qua nhieu btrerc (Multihops). De lam duce dieu nay, thi tat ca ale nut mang phai ce khi nang chuyin tiep gen tin den nut mong khic, do voy tat ca cac nut mong trong MANET c6 the hoot dOng nhtr may tram vi router. Nut mong co the bao gam met router va met may tram lien ket yen nhau. MOt router thus hien cac giao thirc dinh tuyen, may tram di Ong c6 dia chi IP. MANET cling ci khi niing thqc hien thay dOi ve cAu hinh mang va khic phtic str c6 cua nut mpg thong qua till' tuc cau hinh Ini mpg. Vi du: Neu nut mang rbi Mei mang se gay ra six ceo lien ket, nut mang bi anti huerng ea the yeu au duimg dinh tuyen va van de se duqc giii quyet. Dieu nay se gay ra tre tren mang, tuy nhien yea nguai sir dung MANET yin hoot dOng binh thuong. MANET c6 nhieu uu diem cim mong truyen thong vo tuyen thong thutmg: lien ket gifts cac nut mang duqc hinh Wirth ngay khi chimg nim trong khoimg truyen din cim nhau. Tran Van Turin-A 14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 4 TONG QUAN VE MANET 1.3 D#c diem MANET thuimg duqc mo to c6 cau truc mang they dii do stir thay doi vi tri dui cac nut mpg. Cac giao thirc djnh tuyen c6 ca the tv phat hien cac thay d6i ve djnh tuyen thong qua cac thultt town (firth tuyen thong thueng nhu vector Idioang cach vi tang thai cac lien ket. MOt &lc diem !chic cila cac net mang trong MANET: bj ON han ve kha nang dm CPU, X) nher, dung lizong pin va bang thong. Khi niing Itrong sir dung bj gitri han ;coo theo gi6i han ve khi &Mg truyen din. Thiel N truy nhop, men truing vo tuyen cling co cac d#c diem d(ic biet ma ngu&i this& k'e can km tam khi dim ra cac giao they djnh tuyen cho MANET. Vi du: cac lien ket mot chi'eu, no St hien trong trutmg hqp 2 nut mpg c6 cong sulk phat khic nhau nen co khoing truyen din khic nhau, chi cho phip mot nut mpg nghe net mpg Ida. Lien kit mot chieu chi co trong MANET, khong ton tai trong mang ti bao. Sir dung phucmg phip djnh tuyen nhieu buck thi cac nut mang co the tiet kiem duqc Wing luting phit ra. 1.4 (rug dyng MANET duqc Ong dung cho hOi thio, Ong dung trong quail sv. N6 cling dirge sir dung cho trutmg hqp trien khai ca so ha tang mang la kW) khan. Vi khich hang co the chia se tep tin de lieu o gm bay, sinh vien trao doi thong tin yeti nhau trong tiet hnc... Khi may tinh di dOng giao tiep th8ng qua giao di'en mpg LAN vo tuyein, thi nhom cac may tinh de hlnh thinh MANET, khi de may tinh co the truy tulip Internet, tai nguyen tren mang filar may in, may scan... 1.4.1 Dick vg Min dip Trdn Van TuAn-A 14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 5 TONG QUAN VE MANET Binh 1.2 Ong dung cho chc dick vy khan dip kid cif thien tai cin ca Au ket hop cha ate Whin Bit 14 diu khi cep truerng hop khan *thy ra vien ciru ha. Gill phi, thong thubng la dung thiet bj v8 tuyen. Tuy nhien, khi co so hg ding bj hang holk kh8ng cbn host dung thl gill phip Ih gl? MANET chink lh chu trit Iii nhanh nhAt va pha hop nhAt. Dieu nay co the kheing nghia v6i khu vtrc ton that nho, tuy nhien voi than hoe thien nhien c6 khu vtrc anh huerng tan phi rang letn, viec lien lac nit quan tong nen MANET tr6 thanh gill phip httu ich. 1.4.2 MY nglei Trong hOi ngh1, hOi thho an trao 461 thong tin gifts chc dui bieu hap v6i hOi nghj khic. Day la mOt nhu eau lbn trong thin dpi phis trim nhanh vi thong tin nhu hien nay, khi ml gill phip homenetwork chua that so sin sang. Gill phip hien tgi la sir dung clic mpg c6 son cho ate dal bieu them do tuy nhien ne co 40 tre lam, vi du gill phip Mobile IP . VI MANET la gill phip chi& uu the. HInh L3 ling dung trong ctic h¢i nghi Train Van Tucin-A14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 6 TONG QUAN VE MANET 1.4.3 Home Networking 1(0 rang au hien dien caa may tinh xich toy yr] Ong dung klgong day lam nhu au ve home network tang coo. Viec sfr dung ky thuit al* MANET cho phap Chung ur au hinh va hinh thinh mang, diet' nay tien lqi cho ca ngubi khOng that au am hieu ye mpg cling nhu gam thurc chi phi cho xity dung thief ke mpg. Han rata, neu to ce nhu au sir dung may tinh 6 dog so, trutmg huc thi kh6i lirqng thong tin quirt mpg giant xutong ro rat de r MO ernes 1/4V OD Mongol seas11■1 1 Computer 2 Computer .1 toe vssa PrIntst 1:1 Computer lc\ awn • dtalk empust . 3 T Sin11111.01 ErderteMswent Consoles Rink 1.4 Ong dung cho home networking 1.4.4 Myng cd Wain (PAN) 6 thtri dpi thong tin till 1 ngubi an mang then nhieu c8ng cu h8 trq cho Ong viec (dien thaii, Palm. . .) khi chang duqc lien kit v6i nhau hlnh thanh mpg a nhan PAN thi a) rang mang lai Mau tien ich han cho ngubi sit dung. PAN Li mpg di gang do con ngubi klgong the ng6i yen melt cht3, tuy nhiin khi kit neoi vai ming PAN khic can trq glop ala MANET. Trim Van Tan -A1432.5 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 7 TONG QUAN VE MANET Binh 1.5 Ong dm cho wing ai Man 1.4.5 Hi thing nkung (anbetkd system) Ngly cling c6 nhieu may mac can kit n6i yen nheng vat xung quash Uri then nhu au cos MANET. No c6 the la d6 choi co kith !ging kit a& mpg, twang tic duqc vbi home network de tim kiim (lit lieu ben Internet hock c6 the kit n6i vai din thoai, c6 the dieu chinh volume cutt TV khi c6 cuOc gqi din... dip (mg nhiiu nhu ciu cM ngueri sil dung. 1.4.6 Ming xe 4 (vehicular network) VANET (Vehicular MANET Network) goi la mpg xe cO MANET, la he thing ming khong can co se ha tang, dugs tao thinh tfr oic phuong tien xe c0 luu thong tree dirtmg. Ch(mg duqc trang bi thiit bi thu phat di c6 the lien lac, chin se vi trap d6i thong tin vii nhau gieng Whir mat nut trong MANET. Thong tin trao d6i trong ming VANET bao gem thong tin ye luu luvng xe cO, doh trang ket xe, tai nail giro thong, nguy lam can trinh va al nhang djch vy thong thiriong nhu djch vq da phuong lien, Internet .. Triin Vein Tucin-A14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 8 TONG QUAN MANET Binh 1.6 Ong dung cho wing xe 1.4.7 Mang cdm biin (sensor network) Mang cam Men khong day la met ung dung then hlnh mkt MANET. Hien nay di c6 nhdmg gain tam ding ice cho sit phit tan kilo man nay, chit yeti li trong gain sit, cong an, tinh bio, kilo c6 hqc, nghien citu dia I. . . Cic bit cim Wen c6 the to kich thtroc nho nhung kha Laing truyin thong va luu tri tuong &Si tot. Trong quail sit di dung nhing may m6c hien dal nhung kich a gin nhu hat bui nen Ai phuong nit khe phit hien vi phi hay chimg. Trong Huh Arc y te, ale b0 cam bien cho ph6p giant sit lien tuc thong tin lieu chum ire MI song. Trong tong nghe thuc phim, k9 thuot ship cam bien duqc ip dung de gum sit chit Itrqng to the gitip ngin mitt cic sin phim khong chit yeu citu nth tang mirk thou min cho khich hang. Trong ding nghiep, the bit cam biota to the giim xic dinh chit luqng dit tr8ng vi dO im, chimg ding ce the phit hien cic hqp chit kink. Ngoii ra, cic b0 cam Wen ding duqc sus dung rang trong th8ng tin thin ties vi moi trutmg. 1.5 Nhttng thick thin 661 vet MANET L5.1 C7s1 phi cho vifc drag this se taw het the MANET this nghiem hien nay du dna tea bang tin ISM. De ngin ngira nhilu, MANET phii host dung qua met so dii phi cu the No d6, duqc cep phit. Ph6 tin khong chi duqc cAp phit vi giim sit chot the ml con cin phai dtrqc frit phi. 1.5.2 Co chi tray nk#p Thin Van Tuitn-A 14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 9 TONG QUAN VE MANET Khong gitmg nhu mang to bao, trong MANET khong co sir dieu khien tip trung va dOng bo toim cvc. Do d6 cac phucmg phap da truy nh#p truyen thong nhu TDMA vi FDMA khong con thich hop nut Ngosi ra, nhieu giao thirc dieu khien truy nh#p phuong tien MAC (Media Access Control) cling khong giai quyet dirge sir di dOng elm aft mang. Do v#y, cac icy thuot 1#p ljch trinh vi djnh thin de h6 thy QoS gip nhieu kh6 khan. Trong MANET, do cimg mOt phuong tien truyen thong dirge chia se boi nhieu ben tham gia nen dal tic truy nhkip den kenh chung phai dugc thvc hien theo kieu phan bo nh6 sir h6 trg cua giao thirc MAC. Giao thirc MAC phai tinh den truy nh#p kenh trong khi dOng than phiti tint' duce sq xung dOt vOi cac nut Ian c#n. Do va'y, khi firth toast thiet ki cac giao thirc MAC cho MANET phai tinh den khi riling di chuy'en, van de du cu& An va cac van de lien quan khic. 1.5.3 Dfrth tuyin vd chuyln flip gdi tin trong MANET 13#c tinh dOng cim MANET gay ra sq thay den thtemg xuyen va kh6 dorin try& cua topo mang, lam tang do kh6 va dO phirc tap de djnh tuyen gifts cac nut di dOng. Nhieu giao thirc vi thuot toan djnh tuyen di dirge de xutit cho MANET, thy nhien mai giao thirc lai co mot hart the rieng. Do vf)y, nghien ciru ve cac giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET la mOt van de rat quan trong. 1.5.4 Hiss cud sir dung nguein nuoi HAu het cac giao thirc trong mang hien nay khong quan tarn den fieu ton niing lircmg nguon nuoi vi ciic may chic vi ciic b0 tinh tuyen thubng duct gia djnh la tinh va dugc cap nguon tir ngu6n dien chinh. Tuy nhien, cac thiet bi di dOng hau het dugc cap nguon ti nguon nag dOc lip. Kg thulit nguiln nuoi vim thirimg di chin hun so yen ky thuat vi xis ly. Thai gian cap nguon dm pin loyi tot nhu Li-ionh hien nay cling chi ttii da tir 2 den 3 gib (hien nay da co mOt se• laptop co thbi gian sir dung len den 8h, tuy nhien gia thinh van con kha cao). Sv gi6i hart than gian hog dong nhu the mai len tinh can thiet phai bao ten tot nguon nuoi. Difc biet, din yen MANET, do cac this& bi di ding phai thirc hien vai tr6 cim ca he thOng diu can (twang tic ngueri dimg khi thvc hien cac img dung nguai dimg) lim vai tr6 cua mOt he thing trung gian (chuyen tiep gei tin) nen se tieu ton niing lin:mg nguon nuoi mOt cach dang ke, d#c biet la cac nut trung gian. 1.5.5 Dr tittle TCP Trail Van Tulin-A 14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 10 TONG QUAN VE MANET TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) la met giao thirc cutn-cuSi duqc thiet ke phvc vv viec dieu khien nghen va dieu khien luting trong mang. TCP la met giao thirc huffing lien ket nen can c6 met giai doan thiet lop ket not uu tien cho viec truyen dtY lieu. Ket not bi loci be khi viec truyen da lieu hoin think. Val intend hien nay, giao thirc mang IP li phi ket not nen an co met giao thirc truyen din luremg ket not ding tin coy qua met giao thirc mang khong tin coy. Tuy nhien, TCP gii sir ring cic nut trong tuyen la tinh nen viec dieu khien nghen vi dieu khien luting chi duqc thvc hien cic nut ngu6n vi dich. TCP dip vio viec do dac thin gian thin trinh-RTT (Round Trip Time) vi mirc ton tht gel de ket luon la cif) nghen mach xiy ra trong mang hay khong. TCP kh8ng the phiin biet duqc sq co tinh di Ong vi skr nghen mang. Cic nut chuyen dieing trong met kit not c6 the giy ten thAt gel vi liun cho RTT dii hon. Do voy, an co met so cii lien de bio dim ring giao thirc any& din thvc hien tot ma thong inh larding den thong ligmg truytn thong cu6i-cu6i. 1.5.6 Club lufmg dick vp (QoS) Khi nang cung cap QoS cua met mang phv thuec vio cic dk tinh ben trong cfia toin be the thinh phin mang, tir cic lien ket truyen phit den tang MAC vi tang mpg. Cic ket not khong day c6 niing hp thip vi hay thay doi, ti le 18i cao. Cic topo mpg Ii deng vi c6 tY le mat goi cao. Cic giao thirc MAC dip tren truy nhOp ngiu nhien khong he toy QoS. Cic giao thirc MAC QoS giii guy& van de ve xung det phtrang tien, h6 trq truyen thong unicast tin coy, vi cung cap viec dq trey tai nguyen cho cic luu Itripg thou gian thvc trong mei twang kh8ng day phin tin. Riit nhieu cic giao thirc MAC vi cic cii tien dirge de xuat de cung cap viec dim bio QoS cho luu Itopg thed gian thvc trong mei truang khong day phin tin bao gem giao thirc GAMA/PR vi co the xung det BB. 1.5.7 Tinh an loin vd bdo mkt M6i truing vo tuyen trong MANET la "mei ngon bdo be" cho cic cuec dui cong ma° dank do dAc tinh quing bi ciut no. Cic giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET can c6 ho trq tinh nAng xic thvc, mA him de ning cao tinh an toin, hien ntig cua mpg. Tr4n Van Tudn-A14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 11 TONG QUAN VE MANET TONG KET Chuang nay da trinh bay nhang ly thuyet tong quan ve MANET. Trong MANET, topo ming thuang xuyen thay &Si. Do vay, cac giao thfrc djnh tuyen trong MANET can giii quyet stir di chuytn cfia nut, ring buijc rang lugng, bang thong. Trion Van Tuan-A14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 12 DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET CHUONG 2. DINH TUYEN TRONG MANET D#c tinh dOng cua MANET gay ra str thay d6i thutong xuyen va kh6 down twee cua topo mpg, lam tang dg kh6 va do. phirc top de djnh tuyen giaa cac nut di &Ong. Nhieu giao thirc djnh tuyen duqc dua ra, toy nhien, chimg van gap phai mOt s6 han chi that djnh. Chucmg nay trinh bay 4 loci giao thee trong MANET: OLSR, AODV, DSR va DYMO. 2.1 Giao thee djnh tuyin d diin Hien nay, cac giao thirc djnh tuyen dua ra vei MANET deu dqa tren mOt giao thirc djnh tuyen c6 dien lam thuot town ca ban. Do de, viec tim hien nghien cuu the hoot dOng cc ban dm cac giao thee nay IA het sire can thiet. Giao thirc c6 dien nhu: djnh tuyen theo vector khoang each, djnh tuyen theo tong thai lien ket da duqc se clung tir rat lau vi da ter nen rat quen thuOc. Tuy cac giao thee nay chi thich hop cho eau tree mpg firth, hoot dOng hieu qua er MANET c6 toe dO di chuyen thap, cau true mong it thay deti. Ngoiti ra, giao thirc nay hoot (long phv thuOc vAo ban tin dieu Ichien djnh tuyen, nen yeti 56 Itumg nut mong tang, you cau trao d6i gifts cac net mong tang len, thong tin cep nhot djnh tuyen km, chimg se tieu ton bang thong, nting ltrong va CPU. Bei vi hai loci giao thirc djnh tuyen tren duy tri djnh tuyen den tat ca cac nut mong, net khong quan tam nut mong c6 tham gia truyen thong tin trong mong toi moi then diem hay khong. Hon nfta, giao thtic djnh tuyen co dien rang butjc lien ket phai la hai chieu, nen an c6 nhUng cai thien nhAt djnh cho thong tin vo tuyen not chung vi MANET nal rieng. 2.1.1 Dinh tuyin Ara tat hating thdi lien kit Phucmg phap djnh tuyen dva tren tong thai lien ket dua tren gia dm mei lien ket (cost) va net mong phiti duy tri cau tnic mpg hart chinh vei tham s6 nay. Tham s6 "gia" se duce cap nh(it bang each mai not mong se gin thong tin quang bit mOt each lien tic "gia" cua cac lien ket xuat phat tir ne tai tat ca the nut mong khac sir dung thuot town flooding. Mei net mong khi then duce cac thong tin nay se cep nh(it cau trite mong va sir dung thuot town tim duting di ngiin nhat de chon nut mpg tiep theo cho &rang djnh tuyen den nut mpg khfic. Lien ket c6 the c6 gia khong chink xac do nhieu nguyen nhan nhu tre dtamg truyen, sr phan tach cua mong. . . Cac eau hinh mong thay d61 c6 the hinh thanh djnh tuyen khep kin (loop), toy nhien, dirtmg djnh tuyen kieu nay c6 th6i gian tan toi ngin vi chCmg se hi x6a ngay khi ban tin da di qua toan bo mong. TrJn Van Tulin-A 14325 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 13