Tài liệu Định tuyến trong mạng cảm biến và so sánh bằng mô phỏng

BQ GIAO DVC DAO T30 TRIreNG DAI HQC THANG LONG -o0o-- CHUYEN DE TOT NGHIEP DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG CAM BIEN VA SO SANH BANG MO PIING Gil° viOn htrang din : TS.Hoing Tryng Minh Sinh vien tittle hi@ : Bei Tan Tung MA sinh visa : Al2776 Chuyen ngInh : Mgng may finis - Viin thong HA NQI - 2014 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com L61 NOI DAU Ngay nay nhb ce nhOng lien be nhanh ch6ng trong khoa hoc vi ceding nghe sir phat trier nhting mpg bao gem cic cam bien gia thinh re, tieu thu ft nang luting vi da chtic nang di nhen duqc nhOng sir chit ding ke .Hien nay ngubi to dang top twig trien kbai the mang cam bien de ap dung vio tong cuOc song hang ngiy. D6 11 cac vue ye y te, quan sir, m8i trubng, giao thong... Trong met Wang lai !thong xa, cac img ding cos mpg cam bien se trer thinh met phAn !thong the thieu trong cuOc song con ngtroi nett chting to phat huy dtrqc het cac diem manh ma khan phei mmig Ili° ding c6 duqc nhu mang cam bien. Tuy nhien mang cam (mg dang phai dOi met WA nit nhieu thach thirc, met trong nhOng thich thirc len nhit d6 II ngute Ming luting bj gith han va Ichong the mp nay rat nhieu nhi nghien cfru dang tep trung vio viec cii thien khit nang stl dung hieu quit rang lucmg ci a mpg cam bien trong tung we khic nhau.Em de thn hieu ve met s6 giao thtic djnh tuyin coo mpg cam bits nhu LEACH, GAF gift') citi thien nhttng nhtrqc diem mitt the giao thitc truyen thong ring cao thlri gian sting cue mung. Trong nOi dung tai lieu My em se giai thieu tong quan ve man cam bien Idlong day (Wireless Sensor Network). Giao thirc vi cac phuong phip djnh My& trong mang vai nhang tru va nhuqc diem de c6 the hieu re hon ve mpg cam bien dua ra su ltra chon sing su6t pha hqp vai (mg dung cult mang de dirge tOi uu nat. Di co the holm thinh dirge chuyen di tOt nghiep My, em da dirge hoc hat nhftng kien thfrc qui bau tfr the they, c8 elm cua Trubng Dpi hoc Mang Long trong suOt nam WW1 dal hoc .Em v6 ding biet on sir day d6, chi bito ten tinh cue cac they, cac co trong thbi gian hoc Sp nay. Em xin bity t6 long biet an ten TS.Hoang Trong Minh, they di ten tinh chi &to vi djnh huOng cho em nghien cum di di nay.Thily di cho em nheng lbi lchuyen quan trong trong suOt qua trinh hoin thenh chuyen di. Cu6i cling, em xin cam an gia dinh vi ban be Von too dieu Iden thuon lqi, dOng vien vi giitp der em trong suet thbi gian hoc tap, ming nhu qui trinh nghien ant, hoin thinh chuyen di My. Hi nOi, thing 12 nam 2013 Sinh ten Bid Tien Tung This is trial version www.adultpdf.com TOM TAT DO AN Ngay nay oh& lien bO vtrqt bac trong khoa hqc va ceing nghe, mang cam bien a fro thanh de tai nghien ciru !tong bong vi nhan duqc sq den b0 ding ke tong yid nam qua.Mang cam bien la mang v8 tuyen bao g6m cac thiet N cam Men duqc phan b6 mOt each ngiu nhien trong khong gian, nhim quan sat the hien twang vat ly , hay dieu hen mai throng nhu nhiet dO, am thanh, star chin dung, ap suit, su chuyen dung, 8 nhilm the vi tri 'chic nhau. Su phat trien caa mpg cam bien ma diu la cac ling dung tong quan dOi vi du nhu glum sat chi& tnemg. Tuy nhien bay gib mang cam bien con duqc sir dung trong nhieu ltnh vuc din dung bao gam: quan sat m8i trubng sang, cham s6c sue khee, nha to dOng hay dieu lchitin giao thong. Cac con cam bien la cac thiet bi dien tfr nh6, thong thubng duce trang bj b0 thu phut ve tuyen hoc cac thiet bi lchting day lchac, mOt b0 vi xir ly Who va mOt nguan nAng lugng. Cac con cam bien nay ce lchi !tang thu thap, xt) lt va truyen thong thong tin den cac not khac va ra the gith ben ngoai. Mang cam Men la mOt linh we nit siu rung, chuyen de My se gieri thieu mOt each khai quit nhit ve cac dac diem cart mpg cam lien va mOt so giao thirc dinh tuyen trong mang cam bien. DI in nAy gim co 4 diming: Chuang 1: T6ng quan ye mang cam bien. Chuang My trinh bay nhttng khai niem chung Whit ve WSN va dua ra caftu trim cos mang cam bien. D6ng thbi cling neu ra cac img dung trong nhieu anh vuc cuOc song. Chuang 2: M8 hinh !den trim mang cam bien. Cu the la tang vat 19, tang lien ket clit lieu va cac giao thire dac trung ctia mang cam bien tong d6 c6 hai giao thirc dac trung d6 la : (tong bO thEri gian va giao thirc vi tri.Chwmg nay cling la den de de di vao dm hieu cite giao thin djnh tuyen trong lop mang b chuong 3. Chuang 3: Dinh tuyen trong mpg cam lien. Chuang My phan loci cac giao thirc dinh tuyen ra lam ba loci : trung tam dit lieu, phan cip vi djnh tuyin dua vao vi tri dja bier la nghien elm hq cac giao thirc dinh tuyen LEACH. Chuang 4:M8 phong va so simh 3 giao thirc djnh thy& Leach, Leach-C, Statclus.Sau khi m8 phi:mg se cho ra ket qua duqc bleu dien bing d6 thi va Si cling la nhon xet va so sash ye 3 yin de de 11 Wing luang lieu thu , theri gian sang va luang g6i tin eita mang d6i vii tang giao thirc. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com MVC LVC CHITONG 1. TONG QUAN MANG CAM BltN KHONG DAY 1 1.1 Gioi thieu 1 1.2 06 Ink mpg cum bien 2 1.2.1 Clic yiu to anh httimg din cciu Ink mgng cam Min 2 1.2.2 Girl thieu yi nut cam biln• 3 1.2.3 Ddc diem ctia aiu &tic mgng cam 7 1.2.4 Hai cdu tnic dOc trong ciza mgng cam bien 10 12 1.3 l'ing ding 1.11 Ong dung trong qua dot 13 1.12 Ong dung trong m6i :meow 14 1.13 Ong dung trong chdm soc sec Moe 16 1.3.4 Tv dOng hod gkz din); va dien ddn dung 16 1.3.5 Gicim sat vd dieu khiin cOng nghiep 18 1.4 Ket luen 19 CHMING 2. KAN TRUC MO HINH PHAN LOP CUA MANG CAM BItN120 2.1 Kien frac giao thitc ming 20 2.1.1 lip wit 15, 2.1.2 Lop lien kit di, lieu viz thd tuc thorn nhdp mot 21 Throng 25 2.1.3 Thu tyc canh tranh 28 2.1.4 Thu tyc 'cep lich 29 2.1.5 Chu& thd tuc thiim nhap mei trttimg IEEE 802.15.4 31 2.2 Giao than diing thbi gian 2.2.1 Ddng ha ccic nut cam Min ye sit chin!: vise 34 36 2.2.2 Diing b¢ thiti gian trong mgng cam Nan 37 2.2.3 Giao thtiv clang bO' girth bin nh(m yit ben ph& 38 22.4 Giao thtiv eldng b() giily bin Wm vit bin nhdn 44 2.3 Giao thin vj trf 2.3.1 Dinh vj Ara vao mdc co then This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 48 48 2.3.2 Dinh vi dya vao vj tri tucmg doi 49 50 2.4 Ket CHUONG 3. DfNH TUYEN TRONG MANG WSN 51 3.1 then thieu 51 3.2 Phiin loui vi so sfinh clic giao thirc dint( tuyen 53 3.3 Giao thirc dinh tuyen ngang hang 56 3.4 Giao that trung tam de lieu 56 3.4.1 Flooding va Gossiping 56 14.2 Giao that thitung lityng SPIN 57 14.3 Giao that gein tuyin lien tie MR (Sequential Assignment Routing) 59 3.4.4 Giao that khuich tan tritc trip (Dirrected Diffusion) 60 3.4.5 Giao thus chuyin dip gia tei thilu (MCFA) 60 3.5 Nhem giao thik Olin cap 60 15.1 Giao thac dinh tuyen plan cdp twang thich ndng ltivng thap 60 15.2 Leach-C: thanh lap cum tram cc sa 69 3.5.3 Leach-F: nham co dinh, lwin phien cluster-head 70 3.5.4 Giao that stat-cluster 73 3.5.5 Giao that Giao that nguang ring hem hieu qua 73 3.5.6 PEGASIS (Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems) 73 3.6 Giao thirc dua ten vi tri 75 3.6.1 GO thuat chink xac theo dja ly (GAF : Geographic Adaptive Fidelity) 75 16.2 GEAR (Geographic and Energy-Aware Routing) 77 163 Kit 114n 78 CHU'ONG 4. M6 PRONG VA SO SANH GIAO Tait DJNH TUYEN LEACH, LEACH-C, STAT-CLUS 4.1 T6ng quan ve NS2 4.1.1 Giai thieu vi NS2 4.1.2 Co c6u to char NS2 4.2 Gil thiet m8 phong 4.2.1 Gici This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 79 79 79 79 82 82 4.2.2 aiu lenh chgy mo' phong : 83 4.3 Ket quit m6 phong vi nhO 'cot 86 4.3.1 Thai gian sting cia ccic nodes 86 4.3.2 Ming hrong 87 4.3.3 Diss lieu 88 4.14 Khi tang mar ndng hem len 11 89 4.15 Khi thay deli tpa (16 tram cc so 90 4.4 Isllgin xet CHUONG 5. KET LUAN VA. DV MEN TRONG TUONG LAI 92 93 5.1 Thu duqc ket qua 93 5.2 Dv kien trong tiremg lai 93 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com DANH SACH BANG BLEU VA HiNH VE Hinh 1.1.Ciu trim mang elm bide 3 Hinh 1.2.Ciu tao net cam biEn 4 Binh 1.3.Nfit mpg ththc hu Mica Mote 5 Hinh 1.4.Net mang EYES 5 Hinh 1.5.Ciu trim phing cea mang cam bian 10 Hinh 1.6.Ciu trim ting cea mang cam lien 11 Hinh 1.7.1:Ing dpg trong quill dui 14 Hinh 1.8.1:ing dung theo dei sv di chuyin dm dOng 4 15 Hinh 1.9.1Ung dung trong moi trutmg 16 Hinh 1.10.1Tng dung trong chith s6c sec khoe 16 Hinh 2.1.Kien frac giao thirc mpg dm bien 20 Fah 2.2.Khea djch bien de ASK 23 Hinh 2.3.Khea djch pha PSK 23 Hinh 2.4.Khea djch tin s6 FSK 24 Hinh 2.5.M8 hinh vimg zing det gifts chc net mang 25 Hinh 2.6.The tic LEACH 29 Hinh 2.7.The tic TRAMA 31 Hinh 2.8.Ciu tnic si8u khung 32 Hinh 2.9.Xlc djnh g6c den Cult am thanh 6 xa b?ri mOt day sensor 35 Hinh 2.10.D6ng bO ben phat/been nhon vet ben nhon/bOn nhen 38 Hinh 2.11.Hoat ding dm viec ding bO bon phatiben nhin 40 Hinh 2.12.LTS multihop phin b6 43 Hinh 2.13.Vi du ve RBS 45 Hinh 2.14.Chuyen dap poi du lieu vh chuyen di thin then gian 47 Hinh 3.1.Phan lohi giao thin djnh tuyen trong WSN 55 Hinh 3.2.Phin lohi va so sanh chc giao thirc djnh tuyin trong man WSN 56 Hinh 3.3.Truyen g6i trong Flooding 57 Hlnh 3.4.Ba tin !lieu bit tay dm SPIN 58 Hinh 3.5.Hoat dung ctia SPIN 58 Hinh 3.6.M8 hinh Leach 61 Hinh 3.7.Chc giao thee Leach cho chc mpg ltrei 62 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Hinh 3.8.Thoi gian hien thj host dung cua Leach 63 Hinh 3.9. Ltru d6 qui trInh thiet lap 64 Hinh 3.10.Qu6 trinh hinh thAnh hai nh6m khic nhau trong yang LEACH 66 Hinh 3.11.Ltru d6 giai down On dinh 67 Hinh 3.12.Tucmg tac gifts nhieu cum. 68 Hinh 3.13.Giai doan chi dat cua Leach-C 70 Hinh 3.14.Can thiep cua nhem khic 71 HInh 3.15.The hien dtrqc clang ke cac Whom can thiep khi giao tiep vai cac cluster71 head Hinh 3.16.Vi du ve lueri ito tong GAF 76 Hinh 3.17.Chuyin flip dial, de quy trong GEAR 78 Hinh 4.1.M8 phong NS, Icheri tao va thiet lap 79 Hinh 4.2.Lueng cac sir hen cho file tcl chay trong NS 81 Hinh 4.3.Ca ciu t6 chirc t he muc NS 82 Hinh 4.4.Topo mang 100 node m6 phong 83 HInh 4.5.Theri gian song cua the nodes d6i yeti mai giao thirc 86 Hinh 4.6.NAng luqng dui mang d6i veri mai giao thirc 87 Hinh 4.7.D0 lieu truyen colt mang 461 vii mai giao them 88 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com DANK SACH CAC Ti! VIET TAT WSN Wireless Sensor Network ID Identification ADC Analog to Digital Converter RF Radio frequency MAC Media Access Control UTC Coordinated Universal Time GPS Global Positioning System LTS Lightweight time synchronization protocol RBS Reference broadcast synchronization). RSS Received signal strength TDOA Time of arrival AOA Angle of arrival TDOA Time difference of arrival RSSI Receiver Signal Strength Indicator PLF Perceptive localization framework TDMA Time Division Multiple Access CDMA Code Division Multiple Access ARP Address Resolution Protocol BS BaseStation This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Del Hnr Th5ng I.nng Al 7776 Tian Ting CHI O'NG 1. TONG QUAN MANG CAM BIEN KEIONG DAY 1.1 G161 thieu Trong nhitng nom gin ctay, rit nhieu mang cam bien khong day da vi dang duqc phit then vi then khai cho nhieu the irng dyng khic nhau nhu: theo d8i sly thay doi cea mei trubng, !chi Mu, giim sit cic met ton van stir, phat hien vi do than viec tin ' , sinh hoc vi hoi hoc, chuin doin sly hang hoc cita may mac, thief cong bang hat nhan N, theo diu vi giim sit cic bic sy, benh nhan cling nhu quitn 19 thu6c trong the benh vien,theo dai vi dieu lchien giao thong, cic phucrng lien xe c0... Han nita vii sty tien be c8ng nghe gin day vi hei ty cea hg thong cic cong nghe nhu Icy thu$t vi dien tu, cong nghe nano, giao flip khong day, cong nghe mach tich hqp, vi mach phin cam hien, xir 19 vi tinh town tin hieu...da tao ra nhang con cam hien c6 kich think nhe, da chtic !tang, gii thimh thip, cong suit lieu thy thip, layn tang lchi nang img dyng rOng rai dui mang cam hien khong day. MOt mang cam hien !thong day li met mang bao gem nhieu mit cam hien nhe c6 gii thimh thip, vi tieu thy Wing lucmg it, giao dip thong qua the ket n6i !thong day, c6 dua nhiem vy cam hien, do doe, tinh win nhiim myc dick thu th$p, tip trung dit lieu ra the quyet djnh town cyc ve mei trueng ty nhien . a Nherng not cam bien nhe bet My bao gom cic thinh Cic 130 vi zit 19 rat nhe, b0 nhe glen han,b0 phin cam bien, be thu phit khong day, nguan nuoi. Kich thu6c cua cic con cam bien nay thay dei tir to nhu hap giiy cho den nhe nhu hat byi, thy thuetc vio tang irng ding. Khi nghien cuu ye mang cam bien Wag day, met trong nhUng dic diem quan tong vi then chat de li th&i gian song cea the con cam lien hay chinh la sly gi6i han ve nitng luqng cea chting. Cic nut cam bien nay you ciu lieu thy cong suit thip. Cic nit cam bien hoot dOng c6 gi6i han vi n6i chung la khong the thay the duqc ngu6n cung cip. Do de, trong khi mang truyen thong tap trung vio dat duqc cic djch vy chit luqng cao, thl the giao thirc mang cam bien phii tap trung diu lien vio bio town ding suit. Mang cam hien c6 met so dic diem sau: + CO 'chi Wing tlr t6 chirc. + Yeu ciu ft hoac khong c6 sy can thiep Oa con ngu&i. + Truyen thong ves tuyen vi truyen da buerc. + Trion khai so luqng lan tren pham vi rOng. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen de tat nghiep 1 Al777F tai HQr Thing I.nng Tign Time + Nang lugng, b0 nh6, !chi Wing xir ly c6 ham + Cau hlnh thin:mg xuyen thay d8i do m8i truirng hoc nut mpg. + Quang ba trong phi= vi hgp va djnh tuyen multihop. Cac gi6i han ve mat nitng lugng, cong suit phat, b0 nh6 va cong suit tinh toan. Chinh nhfing dac firth nay da dua ra nhftng chien luqc mei va nhang yeu ciu thay d6i trong thiet Ice mpg cam bien. 1.2 C.Iu trfic mang cam bign 1.2.1 Cdc yiu to" dnh hurting din cdu trac mom cdm bun Cac ciu trec hien nay cho mang Internet va man ad hoc khong day lchting dimg duqcho mang cam hien kh8ng day, do mOt s6 15 , do sau: ➢ S6 lugng cac nut cam bien trong mang cam hien c6 the ion gip nhieu lin s6 lugng nut trong mpg ad hoc. ➢ Cac nut cam bien bi 16i. a ➢ Ciu tic mpg cam bien thay d6i kha thtrimg xuyen. ➢ Cac nut cam bien chti yeu sir dtmg truyen thong kieu quang ba, trong khi hiu het cac mpg ad hoc diu dtra tren viec truyen diem-diem. ➢ Cac nut cam bien bj gi6i han ye riling lugng, Icha riling firth town va b0 nh6. ➢ Cac nut cam hien c6 the khong c6 so nhon long town ciu (globalidentification) (ID) vl chting c6 mOt so luqng len mio dau va mOt so lugng len cac nut cam 'nen. Do v$y, ciu tnic !twig moi se: ➢ Ket hop yin de nimg lugng vi !chit Wing (firth tuyen. ➢ Tich hop da lieu va giao thirc ➢ Truyen nang lugng hieu qua qua cac phtrong lien khong day. ➢ Chia se nhiem vo gran cac nut lan c$n. ➢ Cac nut cam lien duqc phen b6 trong mOt sensor field nhu hinh (1.1). MOi mOt nut cam hien ce khit fling thu dial) der lieu vi dinh tuyen lei den cac sink. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen di tot nghiep 2 A17776 Plait lane Thing I.nng Tien Wing I Sink t o Mit dm bitm * SIddin 0 Treeing dm ban Ngizbi skim Hinh 1. Lau Thic ?ming cam biin Dit lieu duqc djnh tuyen 13i den cat sink b?ri met cAu trim da diem nhu hinh ve tren. Cac sink c6 the giao tiep van cac nut quitn It nhiem At (task manager node) qua mpg Internet hoac ye tinh. Sink 11 met thvc the, tui d6 th8ng tin duqc yeu citu . Sink c6 the la thvc the ben tong mpg (la met nth cam bien ) hoac ngoiti ming. Thvc the ngoli mpg ce the 11 met thiet bj thvc sv vi dv nhu may tinh zilch tay ma tuong tac vai mpg cam bien, hoac cling don than chi la met gateway ma n6i Arai mang khitc lan hon nhu Internet nai ma cac you cAu thvc sv doi yea cac th8ng tin thy tie met vai nut cam bien trong mung. 1.2.2 Glerri thitu ye wit aim biin: a.Ciu to cda nit slim Min nhw mu: Mai not cam bien ducrc cau thinh bei 4 thinh phAn co ban nhu ar hinh (1 2)• don vj cam bien (a sensing unit), don vi zu ly (a processing unit), don vj truyin dan (a transceiver unit) va be nguOn (a power unit). Ngoiti ra c6 the c6 them nhUng thilnh phAn khic thy thuOc vio tang ling dung nhu 11 he thong djnh vj (location finding system), bO phat ngu6n (power generator) va bO Oen di dOng (mobilizer). This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen de tot nghiep 3 Al 7776 —Phi Tian 'fling nal 14nr Thang i.nng HO thief dinh nj Don si rim biOn rim biOn ADC BO Phan di 4+14 Dorn sit 13;. lit it Don vi truyen dan Bothuphit Luti B+ gain Bo phat nmOn Minh 1.2.Cau tgo nut cam bien Cac don vj earn bien (sensing units) bao g6m cam bien va 1,0 chuyen doi tuong tv-s6. Dva tren nhftng hien tuqng quan sit duqc, tin hieu Wang tv Mo ra bfri sensor duqc chuyin sang tin hieu so beng b0 ADC, sau d6 duqc dua vao b0 xer ly. Dan vi xir 1S, thutmg duqc ket hqp v6i b0 luu trft nhe (storage unit), quyet djnh cac thit tuc lam cho cac net ket hqp yeti nhau de thvc hien the nhiem vu djnh sAn. Phin thu phat v8 tuyen ket noSi cac nut do mang. MOt trong s6 the phin quan tong that ciut mOt nit mang cam lien la bet nguon. Cac b0 ngu6n thuerng duqc h6 try boi the be phOn loc nhu la to bao Wing luqng mjtt trai. Ngoai ra cling c6 nhftng thenh phin phu lchic phv thuOc vao tong ling dung. Hiu het cac ki °mot djnh tuyen va the nhiem va cam bien cis mang deu yeu cau c6 do chinh the cao ye vj tri. Cac be phi') di dOng d8i lic can phiti djch chuyen cac nut cam hien khi can thiet de thvc hien the nhiem vu di An djnh. Tit ca nhftng thinh phin thy can phai phft hqp v6i ldch 0 tang module. Ngoai kich cdr ra cac nut cam hien con mOt s6 rang buOc nghiem ngat khac, nhu la phai lieu thu rat it Wing lucmg, hops dOng 6 mot dO cao, c6 gia thanh thip, c6 the qr hot dOng, va thich bien v6i sv hien d6i cia mai tnremg. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen de tat nghiep 4 Al 7778 -Rid Tan Wing_ Dei 1-hr Thing I.nng b. MOt so lopi nut mpg: Hinh 1.3.Ntit "King thuac hp Mica Mote Ho nut inking nay nom trong clir an nghien ciru Mkt trutrng dai hoc california tCY co& nem 1990, sir dung vi xir 19 cita Anne!, su dung he ditu hanh TinyOS. Giao di. kit cim tart Ames nvei Amen da 'in ara SO* Des led Hinh 1.4.Ntit ngng EYES Nig mpg nay phitt trien tai mOt to chim cita chau au trong dv an s* dung nang Wong hieu quit cita mang cam hien - Energy efficient sensor network (EYES). Nit mang sir dung vi dieu lchien MSP 430 clia Texas, cd khe riling ket nei them cam hien. Nit mpg nay sir dung vi dieu khien CC1010 cita chipcon, tich hop thiet N troy& din vo toy& vi cam bien nhiet do c. Vi xtr 19 Vi xir lt la thiet bj quan bong nhit trong nut mang cam hien khong day, thqc hien thu thap dit lieu HI cac not, sau de xt1 lt truck khi girl di, va nhan da . lieu tar cac nut khic. Nguyen nhan nd ducat lira chon trong cac he theng nhang la mem deo trong ket neli yeti cac thiet bj lchic nhu thiet bj cam hien, tieu thy Jiang ltrqng thip nhir lchi nang chuyen sang the do nge khi de chi co mOt phlin caa vi dieu lchien hoot dOng, hon nita This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen de tot nghiep 5 Dal I-Inr Thing I.nng Al 777h -Rid Tan Wing thutmg c6 b0 nh6 tich hqp ngay ten b0 vi xir 19. MOt dtic diem rat duqc ngutri lop trinh ye'u thich la khi tiling lop trinh bang ng6n net bOc cao (C, C++). B6i v$y khi xay dung nut mung viec xem zit hieu suet cim vi xir 1St, hieu qua nang Itrqng va gia thanh la rat quan trcmg. d. Bi) oh& Dirge sir dung de km tit de lieu thu tt7 cac nut cam Bien, hoc goi de lieu tir the nut khae, ce 2 loci kien true b0 nh6 11: kien true havard va ld'en true von newman, diem khic nhau ells 2 kien true nay la trong Id& true havard thi by nh6 der lieu va chuong trinh tach biet nhau khi de de lieu thutmg dirge hira trong RAM can chuong frith dtrqc chira trong ROM hotic b0 nhe FLASH, con trong kien true von newman thi de lieu va chuong trinh dirge km cling v6i nhau, thin:mg la tren RAM, nhugc diem dm n6 la dit lieu se bj mitt khi tit ngu6n, bOi vtiy chuong trinh hottc he dieu himh thuang duqc luu tra ten ROM, EEPROM, hoc b0 nh6 flash ( gin tuang to nhu EEPROM). Yeu eau kich thuOc b0 nh6 va Wing lugng lieu thu tuang ling vOi yeu eau ye di lieu cua ling dung eM nut mpg. e. Thiit bj giao dip La thiet bj duge sir dung de trao d6i de lieu gifts cac nut don v6i nhau, trong d6 moi true:mg kitting day 11 duqc ua dung hcrn ca, do co the la song vo tuyen, truyen thong quang, song sieu am, al trutmg cling duct sir dung trong mOt vai ling dung dtIc biet. Trong d6 s6ng vo tuyen cung Dip dii thong 16n voi the dO di lieu cao pith hqp nhit cho hau het cac ling dung cim mpg thong day. Trong dO cac nut yeu eau ca chirc nang nthim va truyen de lieu (dieu chi, gill dieu che, lchuech dui, lqc, trOn ...) sau de chuyen luting bit, byte ho(te khung thinh song vo tuyen, thong thuong 2 thiet bj nay thubng dirge kit hqp thinh mOt thiet bj duy nhat, bei vOy thutrng thi tai mOt thai diem thong the thtrc hien dring then vita truyen vire nhOn de lieu, ma truyen va nh#n se dirge luan phien nhau dirge dieu Ichien bOi he dieu himh nhong. a Khi lira chqn thiet bi truyen nhan can Itru y viii dtIc diem sau: rding phuc vu cho 16p ten (MAC), cho phep lop nay dieu !chi& goi de lieu ✓ Tiet hem rding lugng vi sir dung nang lugng hieu quit do Ming lugng tieu thu nhieu nhitt tong nut mong la do viec truyen nh3n vo tuyen. ✓ Tan s6 s6ng mang vi da kenh truyin tong tnty&t nhen phii phu hqp vei yeu cau eM ling dung. • This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen d tot nghtep Al 77Th -Rill Tian Wing Del Hey Thing I.nng ✓ Ric do da lieu Wang Ong v6i tin s6 song mang v8 bang tin cling v6i viec dieu the va ma hOtt du lieu, tOc dO nay cO the thay d6i bang dieu the holtc thay d6i toe dO ctia ky tv. ✓ Dieu the va ma hed f. Cam Min CO rat nhieu loai cam bien, tity vao loci (mg dyng tong mkutg cam bien ma ta ceo cfic cam bien twang ling, that:mg la dva vito kieu host dOng dm cam bien, tich eve- thy dOng, pham vi giam sat ... /tang Itrong tieu thy, gia thanh va kich thuerc. Thuerng thi viec lira chyn cam hien Ichong phtic tap nhu b0 nh6 va vi air lt. g. Nguen nuoi Lit thitnh phan cot yeu cua mang cam bien, tong de 2 van de can quan tam li 'chi Wing luu ter vi cung cap nang lugng va Icha ruing thay the ngu6n.Thuting thi nguOn day thuting li pin, vi !chi rang thay the tong net mpg la kh8ng the do dja hinh hien khai va se nut mang len, do v$y phiti chqn nguem on djnh co lcha rang host dOng phi hqp v&i ye'u cau cua ling dung vi m8i trubng host dOng. , h. Phin mom He dieu hanh nhimg, dieu Ichien vi bio ve truy cop tai nguyen vi quan lt cho phep phep ngtrei dimg cling nhu h8 trq thi kinh xir IY vi giao tiep gifta citc qui trinh. Tuy nhien chirc Ming chit yeu la thi hinh lenh, bat vay he thong Ichong you cau quit nhieu tai nguyen de h8 trq nhu met he dieu hitnh holm thien. Han nfta he dieu hinh cho mpg cam bien khong day con c6 the h8 trq nhang tay chon cho he thong, then hinh la quan ly su dung riling Itremg hieu qui, quan ly vi dieu Ichien the thanh phan ngosi vi: cam bien, thiet bj vo tuyen, djnh that Bei v$y you cau cho by dieu hanh cho mpg nhimg la caw trOc don gian vi ho trq quitn 11 nang luqng ma Ichang ten nhieu tai nguyen he thong nhu b0 nhe vi thin gian xir 1.2.3 DOc diem cilia cdu franc myng aimblew Nhu tren ta di biet 4c diem dm mpg cam bien la bao gOm met s6 limn len cic nut cam bien, cac net cam bien c6 giOi hsn vi rang buec ve tai nguyen biet lit Ming lucmg rat Wait khe. Do do, du true mpg mei co dac diem rat khac v6i cic mpg truyen thong. Sau day ta se phan tich met s6 4c diem not Wit tong mpg cam bien nhu sau: Chuyen This is trial version www.adultpdf.com tdt nghiOp 7 Hai Hor Thing Long Al 777A -MI Tan Thng • IChi Wing chju 161 (fault tolerance): MOt s6 cic nut cim bien c6 the Wong hoot dOng era do thieu ning lucmg, do nhftng hu h6ng vet 19 hok do inh huing cia m8i truting. Khi nAng chju 18i the hien a viec mong van hoot dOng blnh thuing, duy tri nhftng chic nAng mia no ngay ci khi mot so nut mong khong hoot dOng. • Khi nAng me rOng: Khi nghien cuu met hien tuong, s6 Wong cic nut cam bien duqc then khai ce the den hang tram nghln nut, phi thuk vio ding img dong con so nay c6 the vuqt qui hang trieu. Do d6 cau frac mpg mai phii c6 khi Wing ma rOng de c6 thE lim viec vii s6 lugng 1&n cic nut nay. • Gii thrinh sin xuat : Vi cic numg cam bien bao gOm met s6 Itrog 16n cic nut cim bien nen chi phi con m6i nut rat quan Mpg trong viec dieu chinh chi phi cirri toin mong. Neu chi phi coca toin Truing dat han viec then khai sensor theo kieu truyen th6ng, nhu vey mong Ichong co gii thinh hqp lt. Do voy, chi phi cia m8i nut cam bien phii gift 6 mire thap. • Ring butjc ve phan cung : VI s6 lucmg cic nut trong mpg rat nhieu nen the nut cam bien can phii c6 cic ring buOc ve phan cung nhu sau : Kich tuck phii nhi, tieu the nth% lucmg thap, c6 khi nang hoot d'Ong 6 nhftng nol c6 mot dO cao, chi phi sin xuat thip, c6 khi ning to tri vi hoot dOng !thong can c6 ngutri kiem soar, thich nghi v6i mei truing. • Mai throng hoot dung: Cic nit cim bien duqc thiet lip day dk, rat gin hok troc tiep ben trong cic hien Prang de quan sit. Vi the, cherig thuang lim viec mi kh8ng can Om sit a nhing vimg xa x8i. Cluing c6 the lim viec 6 ben trong cic may moc lan, 6 dueri day bien, hok trong nhftng vimg 8 nhiem h6a hoc hok sinh hqc, a gia dinh hok nhftng tea nhi 16n. • Phucmg tien truyen din : (3 nhftng mpg cam bien multihop, cic nut duqc ket non bang nhftng phucmg tien khang day. Cic dutmg ket nen nay c6 the to nen boi song vo tuyen, Wing ngooi hoc nhftng phuang tien quang hqc. De thiet lip so hoot dOng th6ng nhat cia nhftng mpg nay, cic phuong tien truyen din phii duce chop phii phi hqp tren toin the glen. Hien tai nhieu phin cung dui the nut cam hien doa vio thiet ke mach RF. Nhftng thiet bj cim bien !tang Iuqng thap ding b0 thu phit v8 tuyen 1 kenh RF hoot den a tin s6 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen tot nghiep Dal Thng Long Al 7776 -Rni Tien Tang 916MHz. Met each Ichic ma cac nut trong mang giao tiep vai nhau bang Wing ngoai. Thiet ke may thu phat vo tuyen dimg hong ngoai thi gia thinh re vi de ding han. Ca hai loci hung ngoai va quang deu yeu eau be phat va thu ram trong pham vi nhin thiy, the la c6 the truyen anh sang cho nhau dirge. • Cau hinh mpg cam hien (network topology): Trong mang cam hien, hang tram den hang nghin nut dirge trien khai teal twang cam bien. Chung dirge trien khai trong yang hang chuc feet cim nthi nut. Mat de cac nut c6 the len tai 20 nut/m3. Do so lugng cac nut cam hien rat lbn nen can phai thiet lap met au hinh On djnh. Chting ta c6 the kiem tra cac van de lien quan den viee duy tri va thay doi ciu Hit 6 3 pha sau: ➢ Pha tien then khai vi trien lchai• cac nut cam bien c6 the dat len xen hofte xip theo tat ti,r tren tnr&ng cam bien. Chang c6 the dupe trien khai bang each thi tir may bay xueng, ten lira, hoc c6 the do con ngtrai hoc robot dSt tang cai met. ➢ Pha h3u trien khai: sau !chi thin khai, nhitng sv thay dei eau hinh phu thuec vio viec thay d6i vi tri cac nut cam hien, Ichit Ming dal trang thai Ichong ket not (phu thuec vio nhieu, viec di chuyin cac vet can...), nimg lugng thich hap, nhUng sv va item vu ev the. ➢ Pha then khai lai: Sau ;chi then khai eau hinh, ta van co the them vio the nut elm bien Ichic di thay the cac nut gap sv c6 hose thy thuec vito sv thay d6i chirc Ming. • St: fieu thy Ming lugng (power consumption) : Cac nut cam hien Ichong day, c6 the coi la met thiet bj vi dien ter chi e6 the dirge trang bj ngu6n Ming lugng gill han (<0,5Ah, 1.2V). Trong met s6 ung dung, viec 136 sung ngu6n wing lugng Ichong the dive hien dirge. VI the Ichoing that gian song cua cac nut cam hien phu thuec manh vito tiled gian song cim pin. mang aim hien multihop ad hoc, m6i met nut ding met vai tr6 kep vita Ich6i t3o vita djnh tuyen dry lieu. Sv true tic cim met vai nut cam bien c6 the gay ra nhung thay ded ding ke trong eau hinh ve yeu cau djnh tuyen lai cac g6i vb to chirc lai mpg. Vi voy, viec duy tri vb quitn 1S, ngu6n Ming lugng &mg met vai tth quan tang. D6 IA 19 do vi sao ma hien nay nguoi ta dang top trung nghien cuv ve cac gill thuot va giao thirc di thiet ke tip& cho mang cam hien. Nhiem vu chinh cim cac nut cam hien trong taxiing cam bien la phat hien ra cac sv Iden, thus hien xir 19 da lieu cuc be nhanh Chang, va sau de truyen aq lieu di. VI the sr fieu thu nang lugng dirge chia ra litm 3 vimg: elm bien (sensing), giao tiap (communicating), va xir 19 dit lieu (data processing). This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen de tot nghiep Al 7776 -Rai Tan Tang 1)ei 1-inr Thing Inng 1.2.4 Hai can frac 40c dung cilia mgng cdm bit% a. Gin tric phing Trong ciu true phing (flat architecture) (hInh 1.5), tit ca cac nut deu ngang hang vu thing nhit trong hInh clang ve chin Ming. Cac nut giao tiep vii sink qua multihop sir clung cac nut ngang hang lam 1,0 tiep song. Vii phwn vi truyen c6 djnh, cac nut gin sink hon se dam Igo vai tr6 cla 10 dip song dOi yid mOt sti Itrqng len ngu6n. Gil thiet ring tit cl cac nguan deu dung cimg mOt tin s6 de truyen du lieu, vi vkly c6 the this se thin gian. Tuy nhien each nay chi c6 hieu qui vii dieu kien ll c6 nguen chia se don le, vi du nhu thin gian, din so... Mu"( • Twa con Hinh 1.5.C6u Ink phang cua mgng cam biin b. Ciu talc tang Trong ciu true tang (tiered architecture) (hinh 1.6), cac cum duet to ra gulp cac tai nguyen trong cimg mOt cum gui dit lieu single hop hay multihop ( toy thuOc vim kick cer cua cum) den mOt net djnh sin, thubng gqi la nut chit (cluster head). Trong ciu true nay cac nut to thlnh mOt he thong cap b$c ml 6 d6 m6i net Cr mOt mire xlc djnh thirc hien cac nhiem vu da djnh sin. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen de tot nghiep 10 Al 7776 -Rni Tign Ting Dai 14nr ThAng I.nng .. Tr • "( TIM COI • Tarn "All Hinh 1.6.Cau Ink tang cita numg cam biin Trong cau true tang thi chk nang cam hien, tinh than va phan phoi dfir lieu khong dung deu giera cac nut. Nhitng chile niing nay co the phan theo cap, cap thip nhat thvc hien tit ca nhiem vv cam hien, cep gifts thvc hien tinh than, va cep tr.& cimg thvc hien phan phei di Mcmg cdm biin xdy dung theo cau tnk tang hogt Ong hifu qud hen cau tnic pitting, do cdc Ill do sau: Cau trim ding co the gitim chi phi chi mang cam hien bang viec djnh vj cac tai nguyen 6 vj tri ma chting hog dOng hieu qua nhat. RO rang la neu trien khai cac phin citing thong nhit, mei nut chi can mOt Wong tai nguyen tei thieu de thuc hien tit ca cac nhiem vitt. Vi s6 lucmg dm nut can thitt phu thuOc vao yang phit song xac djnh, chi phi ciia tan mpg vi the se khong cao. Thay vac) do, neu met só luqng 16n cac nut co chi phi thip duqc chi djnh lam nhiem vu cam bien, met se luqng nhe hem cite nut co chi phi cao han duqc chi djnh de phan Lich dii djnh vj vi dung b0 thoi gian, chi phi cho town mang se giam di. •. Mang eau trim tang se c6 Si the, cao hem cau true mang phAng. Khi can ph& tinh town nhieu thl mOt 10 V: nhanh se hieu qua horn, phv thuOc vac, thiri gian you cau thvc hien tinh town. Tuy nhien, vai cac nhiem vv cam hien can hog dOng trong Ichoing thin gian dai, cac nut lieu thv it nAng luong pha hqp v6i yeu cau xir 15r tei thieu se hog dung hieu qua hon. Do vay v6i cau frac tang ma cac chi= niing mpg phan chia era cac phen cimg dii duqc thiet ke rieng cho tang chirc nAng se lam tang Wei the) ctia mang. mang cam hien pith pha hqp v6i v6i se ltrqng cac not yeu Ve dO tin cay: cat thda man dieu kien ve bang thong va DIM gian sting. Wri mang cau Irk This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Chuyen a tot nghiep 11