VIETNAM SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE
ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Nguyen Minh Nhut
RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE INTO THE COMMUNITY IN
CAN GIO DISTRICT, HO CHI MINH CITY
Industry: Sociology
Code: 9310301
SUMMARY OF THE STUDY ON SOCIAL WILLS
HANOI, 2019
The work was completed at: Academy of Social Sciences
Scientific instructor: Prof. Dr. Trinh Duy Luan
Reviewer 1: Prof. Dr. Dang Canh Khanh
Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof.PhD.Hoang Thi Nga
Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof.PhD. Nguyen Duc Vinh
The dissertation will be defended at the Academy-level Dissertation
Committee to meet at:..................................................
....................................................................................................
At ......... ........ day ........ month ......... year .........
The thesis can be found at the library:
- Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Library
- National Library of Vietnam
PREAMBLE
1. The urgency of the topic
Climate change is making our world change very quickly in a bad way,
and is considered one of the biggest challenges for humanity in the 21st
century. In Vietnam, in recent years Here, many unusual climate
developments have appeared regularly, making people begin to pay
attention and respond to new circumstances. Can Gio is the only coastal
district of Ho Chi Minh City, most affected by climate change. The thesis
"Community-based response to climate change in Can Gio district, Ho Chi
Minh city" aims to delve into the topic of research associated with this
practice.
2. The purpose and research task of the thesis
2.1 Purpose
Learn the awareness and actions of people, local authorities and social
organizations in community-based climate change response in Can Gio
district today. Thereby proposing policy recommendations to promote
community resources and improve the effectiveness of responding to
climate change in the locality.
2.2 Research tasks
- Overview of documents related to the research topic.
- Develop theoretical bases and research methods
- Assess the awareness of people, local authorities and social
organizations on community-based climate change response.
- Analyzing the situation of community-based climate change response
of people, local authorities and social organizations.
- Proposing policy recommendations for stakeholders to respond to
community-based climate change.
3. Subjects and scope of research of the thesis
3.1 Research subjects
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Awareness and action on community-based climate change adaptation
by actors: local people, local authorities and social organizations.
3.2 The object of research
Representatives of selected households in Can Gio district;
representatives of leaders and managers at relevant departments of the city;
representatives of authorities and authorities of Can Gio district;
representatives of the City Red Cross and Association facilities in Can Gio
district.
3.3 Research scope (content, space, time)
Limited research explores some of the cognitive aspects, the reality of
community-based climate change response in Can Gio district over the last
5 years.
4. Methodology
4.1 Research questions
- What are the awareness of people, local authorities and Can Gio
district social organizations on community-based climate change response
today?
- How do people, local authorities and social organizations participate
in community-based climate change response activities in Can Gio district?
- What are the factors affecting people's participation in coping with
community-based climate change in Can Gio district?
4.2 Research hypothesis
- Awareness of community-based climate change response of people,
local authorities and social organizations in Can Gio district is still
incomplete.
- The participation in community-based response to climate change by
people, local authorities and social organizations in Can Gio district has
many spontaneous and incomplete elements, so it has not taken full
advantage. power and strength of the community.
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- The factors of living standard, occupation, education, residence origin
have a certain influence on the participation of people in responding to
climate change in Can Gio district.
4.3 Analytical framework
NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS,
EXPRESSION OF LOCAL
CLIMATE CHANGE
Standard of living
Education
Job
Origin of residence
CLIMATE
CHANGE
RESPONSE
BASED ON THE
COMMUNITY
People /
Community
(According to 3
subjects)
Local government
AWARENESS
-Climate Change
-Regulations of
Climate Change
-Communitybased climate
change
ACT
Social organization
(Red Cross)
- Climate change
response
- Communitybased climate
change response
- Efficiency &
prospects
ECONOMIC - SOCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY
IMPACTS
5. New scientific contributions of the thesis
- Analyzing the real situation of awareness of stakeholders (people /
communities, local authorities and social organizations) on how to respond
to and respond to community-based climate change.
- Analyze the actions of actors involved in climate change response
activities in the short and long term.
- Make recommendations to improve policies and regulations on
community-based climate change adaptation.
6. The theoretical and practical significance of the thesis
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The dissertation analyzes from a sociological perspective on the status
of community-based climate change response in the following dimensions:
participation, organizational role, operational efficiency and prospects of
activities to cope with Climate Change. It helps broaden scientific
understanding of the different roles of "community-based" oriented actors.
The thesis points out the awareness and reality of participation of
entities in community-based climate change response in the study area.
Since then there is a comprehensive view of the situation to adjust policies
and provide solutions to promote community strength and effective
response to climate change in the locality.
7. Structure of the thesis
The thesis layout includes: 4 chapters and annexes. The thesis has 196
pages, 20 charts and 13 data tables.
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Chapter 1
RESEARCH OVERVIEW
1.1 Studies on climate change and climate change response
There have been many studies on climate change, and communitybased climate change adaptation. However, there have not been many
studies combining the analysis of community-based climate change
adaptation in the context of a coastal city, which is heavily influenced by
climate change such as cities. Ho Chi Minh.
1.2 Studies on community participation and community-based
climate change response
Articles in the sociological perspective have made initial contributions
to the study of climate change issues in the Mekong Delta. Anthropologists
also have something in common in the approach of effective adaptation to
climate change such as vulnerability-based, community-based and
ecosystem-based approaches.
1.3 Studies on the role of government in community-based climate
change solutions
There has been the application, though not systematic and complete, a
"community-based" approach in specific situations and providing a lot of
information for policy making and people's activities. and the community
in responding to climate change.
1.4 Studies on the participation of social organizations in
community-based climate change adaptation
Political-social, social-professional organizations, mass organizations
play an important role in ensuring sustainable development of economy,
society and environmental protection in each locality. Social organizations
are also gradually being recognized by activities committed to coordinating
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the implementation of climate change response activities. However, there
are very few studies related to this dimension.
Overall, there are still a few studies that address the issue of
community-based climate change adaptation from sociological approaches,
and in Ho Chi Minh City. This is the "gap" in policy awareness and
application that the thesis will study in depth.
Summary of chapter 1
Chapter 2
RATIONALE AND RESEARCH METHOD
2.1 The theoretical basis of the thesis
2.1.1 The concepts used in the thesis
Climate, Greenhouse gases, Sea level rise;
Climate Change, Responding to Climate Change, Responding
with community-based climate change
2.1.2 The theories used in the thesis
2.1.2.1 Social theory of risk and risk management
Used to explain how people affect the environment and vice versa, the
environment affects human activities. These interactions are socially
carried out in different ways and methods in each stage by the subjects.
2.1.2.2 Theory of community development, community participation
Used to explain the interaction between subjects in the process of
responding to community-based climate change in the past time.
2.1.2.3 Theory of rational choice
It is used to interpret both dimensions of awareness and action of 3
subjects in a deliberate way, to select and use resources to achieve
maximum results with minimal cost.
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2.2 Research methods
Research is done by combining both qualitative and quantitative
methods.
2.2.1 Method of document analysis
Collect documents related to the thesis topic such as reports, results of
implementing projects, research projects, dissertations, dissertations,
articles in specialized research journals, documents of policies, laws, etc.
Documents are analyzed according to different approaches, especially
focusing on community-based approaches.
2.2.2 Method of investigation by questionnaire
The study was interviewed by questionnaire 614 household
representatives, randomly selected at all 6 communes and 1 town of Can
Gio district.
2.2.3 In-depth interview method
Conducting
18
in-depth
interviews
with
local
government
representatives, armed forces, socio-political organizations and local
people.
2.2.4 Focus group discussion method
Organize 3 group discussions in 2 specific research areas such as
islands, peninsulas (coastal areas) of Can Gio district.
2.3 Practical basis
2.3.1 Legal grounds
2.3.2 Characteristics of the study area
Summary of chapter 2
Chapter 3
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AWARENESS OF CLIMATE RESPONSE TO THE COMMUNITY
IN CAN GIO DISTRICT, TP. HO CHI MINH
3.1 Expressions of climate change and customs and practices of
Can Gio people
In Can Gio, climate change is manifested as: high surface temperature,
unusual rain and storms, extreme weather events and rising sea levels,
causing many areas to be inundated or saline intrusion. going deep into the
field...These manifestations are becoming more and more clear and
progressing in a negative direction.
People in Can Gio have a habit of traveling by water, having a
psychology, a habit of "living with floods", living in harmony with nature,
creating a subjective psychology with little concern and limiting the level.
understanding of the people. Due to difficulties in living conditions and
livelihoods, plus small-scale psychology, people often value material
property values rather than values of human protection.
3.2 People's perceptions of climate change
3.2.1 Awareness of the manifestations and severity of climate change
People affirmed that the "erratic" weather is becoming clear and
unpredictable and there are two phenomena: "More storms", "Seasonal sun
rain" are manifestations of climate change are largely people know.
According to people's awareness, natural disasters and abnormal weather
have directly or indirectly impacted on livelihoods, environmental
pollution and poverty of people in many different fields and industries,
creating anxiety. and consider this a serious issue that local authorities,
communities, and residents are very interested in.
3.2.2 Sources of information on climate change that people access
Only a part of the population cared and received information from the
mass media and partly from the local government. Information sharing in
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the community is quite sporadic and passive. Since then, people's actions
are still spontaneous, single and have not created the strength of the
community.
3.2.3 Awareness of the impacts of climate change on households
People's opinions show that the impacts of climate change on
households tend to increase and affect livelihoods, increasing the burden
on low-income households. This trend has increased significantly
compared to other influences and this is a serious problem that people feel
through reality. Local authorities also found that production activities of
the people have been directly and severely damaged by climate change.
3.3 People's awareness of community participation in climate
change response
3.3.1 Awareness of the need for community participation in climate
change response
People / communities are affected and directly affected by natural
disasters / climate change so they understand the challenges of climate
change in Can Gio. And they also identified the most appropriate climate
change adaptation solutions and initiatives for them, which are more
sustainable solutions than external solutions.
3.3.2 Awareness of people's willingness to participate in responding
to climate change
3.3.2.1 The willingness of people to respond to climate change
Each household has a sense of self-awareness in its own response, and
participates in community activities. Besides, there is still a passive part of
the population who is not ready to react negatively, does not cooperate
with the community and the government about participation by actions that
create cohesion in the community. Copper has not been widely
disseminated.
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3.3.2.2 Expectations of people involved in responding to climate
change
Despite concerns about livelihood impacts, people / communities still
lack initiative, relying on government rather than relying on their own
communities. The issue of using community resources to develop and
create a more coherent and more dynamic cohesion is embarrassing for the
authorities at all levels and localities.
3.3.3 Recognize the advantages and disadvantages when people
participate in responding to climate change in the locality
In the face of the challenges of living, limited education, along with
less positive awareness, will lead to ineffective attitudes and behaviors for
the community. When people's awareness is clear and the sense of
responsibility to the social community is recognized, even though it is
difficult, it becomes convenient.
3.4 Awareness of local authorities on community-based climate
change adaptation
3.4.1 Awareness of the need to respond to community-based climate
change
Many ways of responding to climate change by local governments are
not appropriate for the community, so there is no consensus and limited
participation of the people. Local authorities are aware of the role of people
in responding to natural disasters / climate change, because no one
understands the issues that communities are facing with their own
community members.
3.4.2
Awareness
of
local
community-based
climate
change
adaptation measures
3.4.2.1 Level of awareness
In general, local authorities are not fully aware of the ways, techniques
to cope with natural disasters / climate change and socially, especially the
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"community-based" factor, their understanding. In practice, there are still
many "gaps".
3.4.2.2 Lack of initiative in response to community-based climate
change
Local authorities mainly focus on the tasks according to the functions
and tasks assigned. The parts that go into the "community-based" nature
have not been adequately acknowledged. The approach of "response to
community-based climate change" has been integrated into the city's
policies. But the specialized agencies of the government have not been
widely and officially deployed to the grassroots level, so the awareness of
each cadre has not been uniform and understandable.
3.4.2.3 Difficulties and advantages in coping with community-based
climate change
The biggest difficulty is the issue of ensuring livelihoods. There is still
a part of local government with subjective psychology and the "evacuation
and relocation of local people" is not the optimal solution.
Community-based, community-based local governments in responding
to climate change are in line with the "on-the-spot" motto that the
government is implementing. In particular, the task of "improving
community responsibility and capacity for local officials" are two
objectives associated with the task of building "local forces" and "on-site
command" from the local.
3.5 Awareness of social organizations in community-based climate
change response activities
Social organization with representatives of the Red Cross has a better
awareness of participation in community support than other units. On the
other hand, socio-political organizations and social organizations still play
a key and indispensable role in responding to natural disasters / climate
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change in the locality compared to other organizations in the corner. look
of people.
Summary of chapter 3
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Chapter 4
CURRENT SITUATION OF CLIMATE RESPONSE TO THE
COMMUNITY IN CAN GIO DISTRICT, TP. HO CHI MINH
4.1 Involvement of people and communities in climate change
response
4.1.1 Forms of participation of people and communities in
responding to climate change in general
The role of communities, hamlets / hamlets in activities to cope with
climate change is quite passive and fuzzy, while "households and
individuals manage" is still the main mode of operation. responding to
climate change today. Family institutions, the state and the authorities are
still the most important and important forces in responding to climate
change in the present and in the future. This implies an important policy
implication in building and promoting the community to respond to climate
change.
The reason people do not participate in coordinated activities, linking
communities and families in responding to climate change is largely
because people are incapable of participating, or inappropriate, while
others The reason for the organization and the content of the program are
not obstacles to their participation. The results of this analysis show that it
is necessary to change the approach, develop plans to reflect people's
needs, close to their capabilities and conditions. At that time, people will
play a more meaningful and effective participation role in community
mobilization activities of the government.
4.1.2 Community-based climate change response activities in the
survey area
4.1.2.1 According to active groups
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Among the three ways to organize and prepare for climate change such
as: individual households, linking local neighbors (community), local
authorities organize and mobilize people; and two forms: self-managed
families, and the local government as the core organization to guide people
and communities - the main ways of organizing, playing the most
important role in last time and in the near future.
4.1.2.2 According to specific activities in the preparation and
response phase
Within households, the main response measures are the protection of
people and physical assets of each household. Meanwhile, the measures are
sustainable, long-term, active such as livelihood conversion, production
structure is less interested by people.
4.2. The role of local government organization and participation in
coping with community-based climate change
4.2.1 How local authorities organize and mobilize people to prepare
and respond to climate change
4.2.1.1 For activities to prepare for climate change
Authorities need to study and review comprehensively, to offer more
sustainable and practical solutions to the regional development strategy,
and to plan and refine the entire residential area. living to ensure the impact
of natural disasters / climate change. For key areas, it is necessary to
clearly identify solutions to ensure a safe and sustainable life for the
people.
4.2.1.2 For climate change response activities
Local authorities should have a change in the way and roadmap for
implementing disaster response tasks such as: encouraging, promoting the
role of the community, building a strong force from the community and
taking "plus VND ”serves as a central goal to adjust and change
appropriate policies, while local authorities only play a role of supporting,
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coordinating, and directing, not directly involved in the general
administration of the community. but let the community do all of that
coping.
4.2.2 Local government involvement in responding to communitybased climate change
Active policies with strong messages and rigid implementation from
the grassroots government have inadvertently created a "policy
dependence", in other words psychological "look forward to again ”from
the people. The recent policy-making and implementation process has
shifted to the thinking "the state and the people work together". However,
subsidized thinking "to worry about the state" still has a profound influence
and creates a psychological dependence and passivity of the people.
4.3 Participation of social organizations (represented by the Red
Cross) in responding to community-based climate change in Can Gio
district
4.3.1 Red Cross activities in responding to climate change
4.3.1.1 Activities to prepare for coping before natural disasters /
climate change
Activities of the Red Cross are humanitarian activities carried out by
the Association, in collaboration with organizations and individuals. The
survey results show that the activities of the Red Cross have been
implemented relatively effectively, especially in the area of responding to
climate change.
In the 5 activities of preparing / preventing climate change, the activity
"Training knowledge and first aid skills for people" is a typical activity of
the Red Cross, in order to equip more soft skills. help people become more
confident when participating in disaster response / climate change
activities.
4.3.1.2 Emergency response to natural disasters / climate change
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In the response to climate change, the participation of Red Cross is
highly appreciated by the people in the core role in humanitarian activities,
such as relief, rescue-rescue, health care. , ... However, the image building
and affirming the role of the Red Cross for community-based activities
have not been well implemented. These activities are also movement, not
yet widely disseminated. On the other hand, members of the Red Cross
members and volunteers at the grassroots level also play many roles in the
Associations, and various unions are also limited.
4.3.1.3 Remedies after natural disasters / climate change
Remedial activities will help people stabilize their material and
spiritual life after the disaster, but the support rate is still low. The
corrective actions are widely deployed, which is seen as a test of local
social awareness of local Red Cross-based community activities.
4.3.2 Red Cross community relations in response to climate change
4.3.2.1 Activities of members, Red Cross volunteers
Red Cross members and volunteers are local people who have a certain
understanding of socio-economic characteristics and are empowered in
coping skills, have a close relationship with the community and plays an
increasingly important role when implementing climate change response
tasks in the areas of: emergency relief, humanitarian assistance and health
care, ...
4.3.2.2 Activities to attract community participation
Most of the Red Cross's climate change response activities are based
on the community's resources, so they are popular, most of them attract
people to participate. However, there are activities that require a high level
of professionalism and there are also types of jobs that can be learned,
exchanged with each other and applied immediately into practice, bringing
practical and useful effects. for community and society.
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4.4 Performance and prospects for implementing communitybased climate change adaptation in the coming time
4.4.1 The effectiveness of community-based climate change response
organizations
This helps confirm the usefulness of common local responses, but also
shows that people are not having much choice and they still want more
diverse solutions. The effectiveness of these forms is also recorded through
in-depth interview data. People 's comments on measures to cope with
climate change are being implemented to make positive judgments
showing the timeliness, speed and efficiency.
4.4.2 The intention to participate in responding to climate change of
the community in the coming time
Construction and development of the community has great potential
and potential. People are willing to participate in responding to climate
change by building and developing communities in the future. This is an
important scientific and practical basis for building a strategic and
sustainable direction to adapt to the climate change situation in Can Gio in
particular and the country in general.
Summary of chapter 4
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Conclusion
The theme of community-based climate change adaptation is linked to
the three most important actors involved in this process. This section will
summarize the findings related to the roles and activities of each subject in
response to community-based climate change in the study area.
- For the subject "people" (including groups of people / households to
the whole community)
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The issue of climate change has existed and has a direct or indirect
impact on livelihoods and the environment. But the participation of people
in training activities and communication on climate change in the locality
has not been sufficient.
People have access to information on climate change too little, a part
that knows about climate change from the mass media and local
authorities. Information sharing in the community is quite sporadic and
passive. Since then, people's actions are still spontaneous, single and have
not created the strength of the community.
Households have a sense of self-response to their families, and are
more or less involved in community activities. Besides, there are still a part
of the population who do not cooperate with the community and the
authorities because the community activities are not popular.
Within the household, the main response measures are to protect the
people and property of the family. Meanwhile, the measures of
sustainability and long-term such as livelihood conversion, production
structure are very little concerned by people.
Community-based response to climate change has many dimensions,
from organizational options (individual or community, coordinated),
objectives to be protected (physical assets, people, lips) school),
participation, or contribution (effort, financial or ideas), ... These activities
are affected by the individual characteristics of the household
representative such as living standards, occupation, education, the origin of
residents / representatives of the household. This is the basis for local
authorities, communities and social organizations to develop plans, plans
and policies to respond to climate change in accordance with the
characteristics of residents in the area in the future.
People and communities lack initiative, psychological "depend on" the
government. The issue of using community resources to create a more
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