Tài liệu Tối ưu thời gian phối hợp của hệ thống relay bảo vệ trên lưới điện phân phối thành phố hồ chí minh

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Ngoài ra, thӡi gian phӕi hӧp ӣ vӏ trí gҫn nhҩt cKRFiFÿѭӡng cong cӫa mӝt cһp relay và thӡi gian cҳt dòng ngҳn mҥch lӟn nhҩt nên ÿѭӧc kiӇPWUDÿӇ xác nhұn phӕi hӧp. 7UѭӟFWKӵFWӃÿyÿӅWjLÿmQJKLrQFӭXJLҧLSKiSWӕLѭXWKӡLJLDQWiFÿӝQJFӫDFiF UHOD\UHFORVHUQKҵPÿҧPEҧRWtQKSKӕLKӧSJLҧPWKLӇXFiFWUѭӡQJKӧSEұWYѭӧWFҩSEұW ÿӗQJWKӡL6ӵFӕÿѭӧFF{OұSNӏSWKӡLWUiQKPҩWÿLӋQWUrQGLӋQUӝQJJySSKҫQQkQJFDR FKӍVӕ6$,),6$,',0$,),FӫDOѭӟLÿLӋQ73+&0.ӃWTXҧQj\FyWKӇWULӇQNKDLWKӵF WӃWҥL7әQJF{QJW\ĈLӋQOӵF73+&0 iv ABSTRACT Currently, most circuit breakers and reclosers on HCMC medium voltage grid mainly only install overcurrent protection function (F50/51), voltage fluctuation protection (F59/27) and function. Fault indicator for FI units, RMU and LBS cabinets with Scada function.After each exposed circuit breaker of the intermediate station, there are at least 3 protective devices (breakers/reclosers), so it is very difficult to set the time value of the protection to ensure coordination. With the current status of more and more equipment on the grid that need to be coordinated to protect such as line breakers, line breakers, circuit breakers, breakers, reclosers, circuit breakers in RMU cabinets, etc., then the cut-off time not enough to coordinate the fast tripping protections of the devices leading to a situation where many devices can operate at the same time, not ensuring selectivity in relay protection. Many optimization methods have been studied today such as using Black Hole algorithm, GWO, PSO, Simplex, etc. These optimization methods usually focus on minimizing relay operation time with maximum fault current in order to speed up time to de-fault. However, it is quite difficult to calculate whether the entire protection curve of each pair of relays always meets the constraints for the object curve because the curves can have different slopes. In addition, the closest coordination time for the curves of a relay pair and the maximum short-circuit current breaking time should be checked to confirm coordination. Faced with that fact, the topic has researched the solution to optimize the impact time of the relays and reclosers to ensure coordination, minimize the cases of turning on excessively and turning on at the same time. The incident was isolated in time, avoiding large-scale power outages, contributing to improving the SAIFI, SAIDI, MAIFI indexes of the HCMC power grid. This result can be implemented in practice at the Power Corporation of Ho Chi Minh City. v /Ӡ,&$0Ĉ2$1 Tôi, 7UҫQ/rDi Tích, cam ÿRDQQKӳQJQӝLdung trong OXұQYăQQj\Ojdo W{LWKӵF KLӋQGѭӟLVӵKѭӟQJGүQFӫD7Kҫ\3*6769}1JӑFĈLӅX. &iFVӕOLӋXYjNӃWTXҧtrong OXұQYăQQj\Ojtrung WKӵFYjFKѭDÿѭӧFF{QJEӕtrong các công trình khác. Các tham NKҧRtrong OXұQYăQÿӅXÿѭӧFWUtFKGүQU}UjQJWrQWiFJLҧWrQF{QJWUuQKWKӡLgian và QѫLF{QJEӕ1ӃXNK{QJÿ~QJQKѭÿmQrXWUrQW{LKRjQWRjQFKӏXWUiFKQKLӋPYӅOXұQ YăQFӫDPuQK 73+&0QJj\WKiQJQăP2021 1J˱ͥi cam ÿRDQ (Ký và ghi U}K͕WrQ 7UҫQ/rDi Tích vi 0Ө&/Ө& Trang NhiӋm vө luұQYăQ i Lӡi cҧPѫQ ii Tóm tҳt luұQYăQ iii LӡLFDPÿRDQ iv Mөc lөc v Danh mөc các hình ҧnh viii Danh mөc các bҧng biӇu ix Danh mөc các tӯ viӃt tҳt xi &KѭѫQJ0ӣ ÿҫu 1 1.1. /êGRFKӑQÿӅWjL 1 1.2. Mөc tiêu nghiên cӭu 6 1.3. Nӝi dung nghiên cӭu 6 1.4. 3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭu 6 1.5. Phҥm vi nghiên cӭu 6 1.6. éQJKƭDWKӵc tiӉn cӫDÿӅ tài nghiên cӭu 6 &KѭѫQJ7әQJTXDQFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSÿmÿѭӧc áp dөng trong bài toán tӕLѭX phӕi hӧp bҧo vӋ relay quá dòng 8 2.1. 7әQJTXDQYҩQÿӅ 8 2.2. &iFJLҧLSKiSWӕLѭXÿmÿѭӧFQJKLrQFӭX 8 2.2.1. 3KѭѫQJSKiS6HHNHU2SWLPL]DWLRQ 8 2.2.2. 3KѭѫQJSKiS6HHNHU2SWLPL]DWLRQ 8 2.2.3. 3KѭѫQJSKiS0L[,QWHJHU1RQ-Linear Programing(MINLP) 9 2.2.4. 3KѭѫQJSKiS+\EULG*HQHWLF$OJRULWKP 9 2.2.5. 3KѭѫQJSKiS*URXS6HDUFK2SWLPL]DWLRQ*62 9 2.2.6. 3KѭѫQJSKiS,PSURYH*URXS6HDUFK2SWLPL]DWLRQIGSO) 9 2.2.7. 3KѭѫQJSKiS*UH\:ROI2SWLPL]HU*:2 10 2.2.8. 3KѭѫQJSKiS%ODFN+ROH%+ 10 2.2.9. 1KӳQJYҩQÿӅFzQWӗQWҥL 12 &KѭѫQJ1JX\rQOêKRҥWÿӝng chung cӫa mӝt sӕ relay bҧo vӋ quá dòng 13 vii 3.1. 5HOD\EҧRYӋTXidòng (50,51) 13 %ҧRYӋTXiGzQJWӭFWKӡL 13 %ҧRYӋTXiGzQJFҳWFyWKӡLJLDQEҧRYӋTXiGzQJFӵFÿҥL-(51) 14 1JX\rQWҳFFKӍQKÿӏQKUHOD\TXiGzQJFӵFÿҥL 15 7KӡLJLDQWiFÿӝQJFӫDEҧRYӋ 16 3.2. Các hãng sҧn xuҩt relay quá dòng 16 3.2.1. Relay cӫa hãng MiCOM ± Mã hiӋu P120, P121, P122, P123 16 3.2.2. Relay quá dòng Siemens ± mã hiӋu 7SJ512 27 3.2.3. Relay cӫa hãng TOSHIBA ± mã hiӋu GRD100 36 3.2.4. Relay cӫa hãng SEL ± mã hiӋu 551 40 &KѭѫQJ;k\GӵQJEjLWRiQSKӕLKӧSWKӡLJLDQWiFÿӝQJEҧRYӋFӫDFiFUHOD\ quá dòng 48 4.1. ;k\GӵQJEjLWRiQ 48 4.2. 7ӕLѭXKyDKjPPөFWLrX 48 4.3. Các EҩWÿҷQJWKӭFUjQJEXӝF 48 *LӟLKҥQUjQJEXӝF706 48 *LӟLKҥQUjQJEXӝF36 49 *LӟLKҥQWKӡLJLDQYұQKjQKFӫDUHOD\ 49 ĈһFWtQKSKөWKXӝFJLӟLKҥQ 50 7KӡLJLDQSKӕLKӧSFӫDUHOD\ 52 *LӟLWKLӋXVѫÿӗSKiWWX\ӃQWUXQJWKӃWUrQOѭӟLÿLӋQ73+&0 53 *LӟLWKLӋXEҧQJFjLÿһWUHOD\TXiGzQJWKXӝFPӝWSKiWWX\ӃQWUXQJWKӃ 55 &KѭѫQJ1JKLrQFӭu ӭng dөQJWUrQOѭӟLÿLӋn trung thӃ TP.HCM 58 5.1. 7KXұWWRiQ%ODFN+ROH 58 5.1.1. Giӟi thiӋu 58 5.1.2. Tìm hiӇu thuұt toán Black Hole (BH) 59 5.2. *LҧLWKXұW*UH\:ROI2SWLPL]HU 61 5.2.1. *LӟLWKLӋX 61 5.2.2. 7uPKLӇXWKXұWWRiQ*:2 64 viii 5.3. ӬQJGөQJWURQJEjLWRiQSKӕLKӧSEҧRYӋUHOD\ 70 5.4. Áp dөQJSKѭѫQJSKiS%DFN+ROH*UH\:ROI2SWLPL]HUYjREjLWRiQWӕLѭXUHOD\ FөWKӇ 71 5.4.1. Xét bài toán mүu (HӋ thӕng IEEE 3 nút) 71 5.4.2. Xét lҥi bài toán mүu nӃu các relay sӱ dөQJÿһc tuyӃQÿѭӡng cong rҩt dӕc (VI) 75 5.5. Nghiên cӭu ӭng dөng thӵc tӃ trên mӝt phát tuyӃn trung thӃ 22kV 76 5.6. KӃt quҧ tính toán phӕi hӧp thӡi gian các relay bҧo vӋ quá dòng trên mӝt quá tuyӃn trung thӃ thӵc tӃ 80 &KѭѫQJ.Ӄt luұQYjKѭӟng phát triӇn cӫDÿӅ tài 81 6.1. KӃt luұQÿӅ tài 83 +ѭӟng phát triӇQÿӅ tài 83 Tài liӋu tham khҧo 85 ix '$1+0Ө&%Ҧ1*%,ӆ8 Trang %ҧQJ1JX\rQQKkQVӵFӕOѭӟLÿLӋQWUXQJWKӃJLDLÿRҥQ-2020 2 %ҧQJ6ӕNKiFKKjQJWUXQJEuQKWKLӃWEӏÿmÿLӅXNKLӇQ[D 4 Bҧng 3.1: HӋ sӕ cӫDSKѭѫQJWUuQKÿѭӡQJFRQJÿһc tuyӃn 21 Bҧng 3.2: Giá trӏ cӫa Reset timer: 21 Bҧng 3.3: HӋ sӕ cӫa các loҥLÿѭӡQJFRQJÿһc tính 22 Bҧng 3.4: Thông sӕ FjLÿһt chung 24 BҧQJ&jLÿһt MiCOM P121, P122 và P123 25 BҧQJ1Jѭӥng thông sӕ FjLÿһt 25 Bҧng 3.6: Các hӋ sӕ 39 Bҧng Ĉһt tính theo chuҭn U.S 45 BҧQJĈһc tính theo chuҭn IEC 45 x '$1+0Ө&+Î1+Ҧ1+ Trang +uQK&KӍVӕÿӝWLQFұ\JLDLÿRҥQ-2020 3 +uQK&KӍVӕÿӝWLQFұ\WKjQKSKҫQVӵFӕNӃKRҥFKJLDLÿRҥQ-2020 3 +uQK&KӍVӕ0$,),WKHRNKXYӵFÿӏDOê 4 Hình 3.1: Quá dòng chҥPÿҩt lҩy tín hiӋu tӯ pha 14 Hình 3.2: Quá dòng chҥPÿҩt lҩy tín hiӋXÿѭӡng vӅ ba pha tӯ biӃn dòng cә cáp 14 Hình 3.3: MһWWUѭӟc cӫa relay hӑ P12X 17 +uQK6ѫÿӗ logic 19 +uQK6ѫÿӗ ÿҩu dây 24 +uQKĈһt tính quá dòng phө thuӝc 31 +uQKĈһt tính quá dòng phө thuӝc 32 +uQK6ѫÿӗ liên kӃWQJѭӧc 35 +uQK5ѫOHTXiGzQJ*5' 37 +uQKĈһFWtQKUѫOH*5' 38 Hình 3.11: Relay SEL 551 40 Hình 3.12: MһWWUѭӟFYjVDXUѫOH 40 +uQK&iFÿҫu ÿҩu dây 41 Hình 3.14: Phҫn tӱ quá dòng tӭc thӡi 50P1 tӟi 50P6 43 Hình 3.15: Phҫn tӱ quá dòng cҳWQKDQKSKDÿѫQ$%& 43 Hình 3.16: Mҥch logic 44 Hình 3.17: Relay SEL 551 47 +uQK3KӕLKӧSWKӡLJLDQWiFÿӝQJFӫDUHOD\ 50 +uQK&һSUHOD\EҧRYӋFKtQKYjEҧRYӋGӵSKzQJ 52 Hình 4.3: Tӹ lӋ thiӃt bӏ ÿLӅu khiӇn xa/xuҩt tuyӃn 53 +uQK6ѫÿӗ Mini-6&$'$3&$Q3K~Ĉ{QJ 54 +uQK6ѫÿӗ Mini-SCADA thuӝc PC Tân Thuұn 54 +uQK%ҧQJWUӏVӕFKӍQKÿӏQKUHOD\SKiWWX\ӃQ7%$7UѭӡQJĈXD 55 xi +uQK%ҧQJWUӏVӕFKӍQKÿӏQKUHOD\SKiWWX\ӃQ7%$7UѭӡQJĈXD 55 +uQK%ҧQJWKӕQJNrWuQKKuQKVӵFӕEұWYѭӧWFҩSÿӗQJWKӡLQăP 56 +uQK9tGөWUѭӡQJKӧSEұWYѭӧWFҩS 56 +uQK9tGөWUѭӡQJKӧSEұWÿӗQJWKӡL 56 +uQK%iQNtQK5FӫDKӕÿHQ 60 +uQK0{SKӓQJSKѭѫQJSKiS%ODFN+ROH 60 +uQK/ѭXÿӗJLҧLWKXұWSKѭѫQJSKiS%ODFN+ROH 61 +uQK+ӋWKӕQJSKkQFҩSWKӕQJWUӏ[mKӝLFӫDVyL[iP 62 +uQKP{SKӓQJFiFKKRҥWÿӝQJFӫDEҫ\sói 64 +uQK0{SKӓQJNK{QJJLDQWuPNtPQYӏWUt 66 Hình 5.7: Mô phӓQJFiFKVăQEҳt cӫa sói 67 Hình 5.8/ѭXÿӗJLҧLWKXұWSKѭѫQJSKiS*:2 69 Hình 5.9+ӋWKӕQJ,(((Q~W 71 Hình 5.10ĈһFWX\ӃQKӝLWөYӟLÿѭӡQJFRQJ9, 77 Hình 5.116ѫÿӗ ÿѫQWX\Ӄn mӝt phát tuyӃn trung thӃ 78 Hình 5.12: CKѭѫQJWUuQK0DWODE 79 Hình 5.136ѫÿӗ TBA 110kV (tӯ máy cҳt tәng trӣ xuӕng) 81 xii DANH MӨC CÁC TӮ NGӲ VIӂT TҲT SAIFI 6\VWHP$YHUDJH,QWHUUXSWLRQ)UHTXHQF\,QGH[&KӍVӕYӅVӕOҫQPҩWÿLӋQ WUXQJEuQKFӫDOѭӟLÿLӋQSKkQSKӕL SAIDI 6\VWHP $YHUDJH ,QWHUUXSWLRQ'XUDWLRQ ,QGH[&KӍVӕYӅWKӡLJLDQ PҩWÿLӋQWUXQJEuQKFӫDOѭӟLÿLӋQSKkQSKӕL MAIFI (Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index): ChӍ sӕ vӅ sӕ lҫn mҩWÿLӋn thoáng qua trung bình cӫDOѭӟLÿLӋn phân phӕi. Ĉ7;' ĈҫXWѭ[k\GӵQJ VTTB 9ұWWѭWKLӃWEӏ PD (3DUWLDO'LVFKDUJH3KyQJÿLӋn cөc bӝ. CBM (Condition-Based Maintenance): bҧo trì dӵa trên tình trҥng thiӃt bӏ. SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition): hӋ thӕQJ ÿLӅu khiӇn giám sát và thu thұp dӳ liӋu. MC Máy cҳt. RE Recloser. +7ĈTP.HCM +ӋWKӕQJÿLӋQ7KjQKSKӕ+ӗ&Kt0LQK A2 7UXQJWkPĈLӅXÿӝ+ӋWKӕQJÿLӋQPLӅQ1DP BHO 3KѭѫQJSKiSWӕLѭX%ODFN+ROH GWO 3KѭѫQJSKiSWӕLѭXGrey Wolf Optimizer. FI (Fault Indicator): Bӝ chӍ báo sӵ cӕ. 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