Tài liệu Slide forest monitoring from space using sar data

Forest monitoring from space using SAR data TS. Lê Toàn Thủy Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère (CESBIO) Toulouse, France http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr/index_us.htm Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 1 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Why Synthetic Aperture Radars to observe the world forests ? Transmit and receive polarised waves (here Horizontal and Vertical) H V Penetrate into the forest cover Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 2 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Change in forest cover using ALOS-PALSAR Forests in Việt Nam ~ 140.000 km2, 44,5% of the total area Map of Forest Degradation and Regrowth between 2007 and 2010 Degradation rate (% /year) Regrowth rate (% / year) Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 3 Vietnam Cambodia Lao PDR -1.09 -1.24 -0.89 0.82 0.49 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 0.32 Change in forest biomass 2007-2010 Acacia plantation, Hòa Bình Rubber and coffeee plantation, Gia Lai 0 Coffee plantation Attapeu, Lao 100 in Mg.ha-1 Rubber and fruit tree plantation Binh Duong Rubber plantation, Tay Ninh Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 4 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Change in forest biomass : 2007-2010 Rubber Rubber Se San 4 dam 0 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 5 Rubber 100 t/ha Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Change in forest biomass at Sesan-4 dam 2007-2010 Sinh khối- 2007 Sinh khối- 2008 Sinh khối- 2009 Sinh khối- 2010 14°6′23.02″N 107°39′28.08″E Sesan 4 dam 150 t/ha 0 BuiltBiomass in 2009 | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 6 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Monitoring forest logging using Sentinel1A data Sentinel-1 σ0VH (dB) Rubber plantation Dau Tieng, Tay Ninh Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 7 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Existing satellite SAR systems can be used to detect changes in forest cover  However, existing systems operating at wavelength < 25 cm (L-band, C-band, X-band) cannot be used to measure Above Ground Biomass exceeding 150 tons/ha because of saturation effect. Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 8 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 How the Radars see the trees? Pinus Nigra X-band = 3 cm L-band = 27 cm P-band = 70 cm The P-band SAR data are sensitive to woody above ground biomass Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 9 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 VHF >3m The Biomass mission Thuy Le Toan, CESBIO, Toulouse, France & The Mission Advisory Thuy Le Toan, 14thBiomass Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi MinhGroup city, 30 Oct 2015 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 10 Mission Overview CO2 C SUBJECT Terrestrial carbon stock/carbon fluxes by measurement of forest biomass USER SEGMENT Biomass Mission Elements SPACE SEGMENT Single Spacecraft Mass: ~1200 kg Power: ~1500 W Payload: P-band SAR GROUND SEGMENT Flight Operations Segment TT&C Station (Kiruna), Flight Operation Control Centre (ESOC) Payload Data Ground Segment Science Data Acquisition Station (Kiruna) Processing and Archiving Element (ESRIN) Level-1 and Level-2 data LAUNCHER Vega Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 11 ORBIT Drifting sun-synchronous Local time 06:00, 635-672 km, Repeat cycle: 17 days (Baseline) 3-4 days (Option) Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 The mission scientific objective: to reduce uncertainties in the Global Carbon Cycle Perturbation of the global carbon cycle caused by anthropogenic activities, averaged globally for the decade 2004–2013 (GtCO2/yr) Source: CDIAC; NOAA-ESRL; Le Quéré et al 2014; Global Carbon Budget 2014 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 12 The mission scientific objective: to reduce uncertainties in the Global Carbon Cycle Perturbation of the global carbon cycle caused by anthropogenic activities, averaged globally for the decade 2004–2013 (GtCO2/yr) Source: CDIAC; NOAA-ESRL; Le Quéré et al 2014; Global Carbon Budget 2014 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 13 Fate of Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions (2004-2013 average) 32.4±1.6 GtCO2/yr 3.3±1.8 GtCO2/yr 91% 9% 15.8±0.4 GtCO2/yr 44% + ? 26% 9.4±1.8 GtCO2/yr Source: CDIAC; NOAA-ESRL; Houghton et al 2012; Giglio et al 2013; Le Quéré et al 2014; Global Carbon Budget 2014 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 14 Fate of Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions (2004-2013 average) 32.4±1.6 GtCO2/yr 3.3±1.8 GtCO2/yr 91% 9% + 15.8±0.4 GtCO2/yr 44% 10.6±2.9 GtCO2/yr 29% Calculated as the residual of all other flux components 26% 9.4±1.8 GtCO2/yr Source: CDIAC; NOAA-ESRL; Houghton et al 2012; Giglio et al 2013; Le Quéré et al 2014; Global Carbon Budget 2014 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 15 The forests play a major role in the terrestrial carbon cycle Carbon sinks Photosynthesis uptakes CO2 from the atmosphere and store it under the form of biomass Carbon sources The quantity of burned biomass is directly linked to the amount of CO2 released At global scale, there is a need to know the spatial distribution, the quantity and dynamics of forest carbon sources and sinks Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 16 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Forest biomass is a key component in the carbon cycle 1. Biomass is ~50% carbon 2. Forests hold 70–90% of Earth’s above-ground biomass, with the majority of forest biomass located within the Tropics 3. Forest biomass is very poorly known and is a major source of uncertainty in carbon flux estimation. Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 17 Biomass = dry weight of woody matter + leaves (tons/hectare) Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference o Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Biomass product requirements Forest biomass Forest height Disturbances Above-ground biomass (tons / hectare) Upper canopy height (meter) Areas of forest clearing (hectare) • 200 m resolution • 1 map every 6 months for 4 years • global coverage of forested areas • accuracy of 20%, or 10 t ha–1 for biomass < 50 t ha–1 • 200 m resolution • 1 map every 6 months for 4 years • global coverage of forested areas • accuracy of 20-30% • 50 m resolution • 1 map every 6 months for 4 years • global coverage of forested areas • 90% classification accuracy Urgently required for IPCC, UNFCCC, REDD, national forest planning Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 18 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 P-band SAR for biomass retrieval : Physical background Radar backscatter intensity increases with above ground biomass until attenuation becomes significant SAR backscatter (dB) Model simulation P-band L-band Biomass (ton/ha) Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 19 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 P-band SAR measures biomass and quantifies landscape dynamics P-band SAR image (HH, VV, HV) Yellowstone Park, 2003 HV Backscatter -12dB -19dB 60-80 years after burn 15 years after burn -27dB A week after burn 0 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 20 Biomass Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015