Tài liệu Phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển của hệ thống giao thông thông minh tại thành phố hồ chí minh

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The development of transport infrastructure is the socio-economic development of the country. Therefore, in order to develop the future transport infrastructure and improve the existing transport infrastructure, this study will approach the concept of Intelligent Transport Systems to find out the factors affecting the effectiveness and development of intelligent transport projects in Ho Chi Minh City. This study aims to identify the core factors affecting the development of Intelligent Transport Systems in Vietnam and as a result, forming a branch database to approach smart city standards, by focusing on reviewing qualitative and systematic materials selected in previous studies. The results of the study provide a general and comprehensive overview of the main issues of ITS, provide essential knowledge and identify 28 barrier factors with 05 main constructs affecting the effectiveness and development of intelligent transport projects, namely (1) Development of the Intelligent Transport Systems model; (2) Financial constraints for Intelligent Transport Systems; (3) Inadequate/ incomplete transport infrastructure; (4) The over-development of urbanization and (5) The readiness and integration for Intelligent Transport Systems. Make a survey from the above factors, then use Ordinary Least Squares method and Partial least squares method in structural equation modeling to analyze the data for the above factors. The use of two methods to more objectively evaluate the results of this study In addition, the study points out the theory of applying the Digital Infrastructure model to prepare for the integration of digital infrastructure systems through transport LQIUDVWUXFWXUHWRZDUGVD³VWDQGDUG´VPDUWFLW\7KHUHVXOWVRIWKHVWXG\ILOOWKHJDSLQ knowledge by discovering the causal relationships between barrier constructs and the effectiveness and development of intelligent transport projects and coming up with solutions to these issues, which is also a useful measurement tool for planners, and traffic system designers to help them self-assess and make action plans now or in the near future. iv /Ӡ,&$0Ĉ2$1 +ӑFYLrQ7UҫQ+XǤQK7ҩW7KҳQJYӟLPөFÿtFKKӑFWұSOjQkQJFDRNLӃQWKӭF FKREҧQWKkQ QrQOXұQYăQQj\ÿѭӧFWKӵFKLӋQPӝWFiFKQJKLrPW~F6ӕOLӋXYjNӃWTXҧ WURQJEjLQJKLrQFӭXQj\ÿѭӧFWKӵFKLӋQPӝWFiFKWUXQJWKӵFYjFKѭDÿѭӧFF{QJEӕӣ EҩWNǤQJKLrQFӭXNKiF +ӑFYLrQ[LQFDPÿRDQYjFKӏXKRjQWRjQWUiFKQKLӋPYӅQӝL GXQJFӫDOXұQYăQ WӕWQJKLӋS7KҥFVӻFӫDEҧQWKkQ TP.HCM, ngày««tháng««QăP +Ӑ&9,Ç17+Ӵ&+,ӊ1 v 0Ө&/Ө& 1+,ӊ09Ө/8Ұ19Ă17+Ҥ&6Ƭ ............................................................................... i /Ӡ,&È0Ѫ1 ................................................................................................................. ii 7Ï07Ҳ7...................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. iv /Ӡ,&$0Ĉ2$1 ............................................................................................................v '$1+0Ө&%Ҧ1*%,ӆ8 ........................................................................................... xi '$1+0Ө&+Î1+Ҧ1+ ........................................................................................... xiv '$1+0Ө&&È&7Ӯ9,ӂ77Ҳ7 ............................................................................. xvi &+ѬѪ1*ĈҺ79Ҩ1Ĉӄ ...........................................................................................1 1.1. *,Ӟ,7+,ӊ8&+81* ...................................................................................1 1.2. ;È&Ĉӎ1+9Ҩ1Ĉӄ1*+,Ç1&Ӭ8 ..........................................................1 1.3. 0Ө&7,Ç81*+,Ç1&Ӭ8 ..........................................................................8 1.4. 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ĈiQKJLiP{KuQKFҩXWU~F ..............................................................46 vii &+ѬѪ1*7+87+Ұ3'Ӳ/,ӊ81*+,Ç1&Ӭ8 ..................................................50 4.1. 7+87+Ұ3'Ӳ/,ӊ8 .................................................................................50 4.1.1. 7KXWKұSGӳOLӋXWӯFiFEjLQJKLrQFӭXWUѭӟF..................................50 4.1.2. 7KXWKұSGӳOLӋXWӯFKX\rQJLD ........................................................51 4.1.3. LұSEҧQJFkXKӓLYjNKҧRViW ..........................................................51 4.1.4. .ӃWTXҧ.............................................................................................52 4.2. %Ҧ1*'$1+6È&+&È&<ӂ87Ӕ7,ӄ0Ҭ19¬&È&Ҧ1++ѬӢ1* Ĉӂ1+,ӊ848Ҧ9¬6Ӵ3+È775,ӆ1&Ӫ$,767Ҥ,7+¬1+3+Ӕ+Ӗ&+Ë MINH. .....................................................................................................................53 4.2.1. 'DQKViFKFiF\ӃXWӕWLӅPҭQҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQ,76 ..........................53 4.2.2. 'DQKViFKFiFҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQKLӋXTXҧYjVӵSKiWWULӇQ FӫD,76 ...58 4.3. .,ӆ0Ĉӎ1+ 3+Æ17Ë&+9Ñ1* ......................................................60 4.3.1. 7KӕQJNrP{Wҧ ................................................................................60 4.3.2. .LӇPÿӏQK ÿӝWLQFұ\FӫDWKDQJÿR&URQEDFK¶V$OSKD ...................64 4.3.3. 3KkQWtFKQKkQWӕNKiPSKi()$ ....................................................65 4.3.4. .ӃWOXұQ ...........................................................................................67 &+ѬѪ1*3+Æ17Ë&+6Ӕ/,ӊ8%Ҵ1*0Ð+Î1++Ӗ,48<78<ӂ17Ë1+± OLS ................................................................................................................................68 5.1. 7+87+Ұ36Ӕ/,ӊ8..................................................................................68 5.2. 3+Æ17Ë&+ĈҺ&Ĉ,ӆ00Ү8 .................................................................69 5.2.1. 7KӕQJNrP{Wҧ ................................................................................69 5.2.2. .LӇPÿӏQKÿӝWLQFұ\FӫDWKDQJÿR&URQEDFK¶V$OSKD ...................73 5.2.3. PhâQWtFKQKkQWӕNKiPSKi()$ ....................................................77 5.2.4. 3KkQWtFKKӗLTX\WX\ӃQWtQKEҵQJ2/6 ..........................................84 5.3. ;Æ<'Ӵ1*3+ѬѪ1*75Î1++Ӗ,48<&+8Ҭ1+Ï$9¬.ӂ7 /8Ұ1 .....................................................................................................................87 5.4. .ӂ7/8Ұ1..................................................................................................88 viii &+ѬѪ1*3+Æ17Ë&+6Ӕ/,ӊ8%Ҵ1* 0Ð+Î1+&Ҩ875Ò&78<ӂ17Ë1+ ± PLS .............................................................................................................................89 6.1. 'Ӳ/,ӊ8ĈҪ89¬2 ..................................................................................89 6.2. ĈÈ1+*,È0Ð+Î1+Ĉ2/ѬӠ1* .........................................................90 6.2.1. ĈiQKJLiPӭFÿӝWLQFұ\QKҩWTXiQQӝLEӝ ......................................90 6.2.2. ĈiQKJLiPӭFÿӝFKtQK[iFYӅVӵKӝLWө .........................................94 6.2.3. .LӇPÿӏQKJLҧWKX\ӃWWKӕQJNr ........................................................94 6.3. ĈÈ1+*,È0Ð+Î1+&Ҩ875Ò& ..........................................................97 6.3.1. ĈiQKJLiPӭFÿӝÿDFӝQJWX\ӃQ ......................................................97 6.3.2. ĈiQKJLiêQJKƭDWKӕQJNrYjVӵOLrQTXDQFӫDFiFPӕL TXDQKӋWURQJ P{KuQKFҩXWU~F ..........................................................................................97 6.3.3. ĈiQKJLiPӵFÿӝ52 ........................................................................98 6.3.4. ĈiQKJLiPӵFÿӝI2 ..........................................................................98 6.3.5. ĈiQKJLiVӵOLrQTXDQGӵEiR42 .....................................................98 6.3.6. ĈiQKJLiVӵOLrQTXDQGӵEiRT2 ......................................................99 6.4. .ӂ7/8Ұ1 626È1+9Ӟ,3+Æ17Ë&+6Ӕ/,ӊ8%Ҵ1*2/6 ......100 6.4.1. .ӃWOXұQÿiQKJLiP{KuQKQJKLrQFӭXEҵQJ3/6-SEM ...............100 6.4.2. So sánh mô hình OLS và mô hình PLS-SEM ...............................103 &+ѬѪ1*ĈÈ1+*,È.ӂ7/8Ұ19¬.,ӂ11*+ӎ .........................................105 7.1. ĈÈ1+GIÁ CÈ&<ӂ87ӔҦ1++ѬӢ1*..............................................105 7.1.1. <ӃXWӕQJkQViFK ...........................................................................105 7.1.2. <ӃXWӕFѫVӣKҥWҫQJKLӋQKӳX .......................................................105 7.1.3. <ӃXWӕ3KiWWULӇQP{hình ITS.......................................................106 7.1.4. <ӃXWӕÿ{WKӏKyD ...........................................................................107 7.1.5. <ӃXWӕWtFKKӧSFiFKӋWKӕQJWURQJWѭѫQJODL ................................107 7.1.6. <ӃXWӕҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQKLӋXTXҧYjVӵSKiWWULӇQFӫDGӵiQ,76 ...109 7.2. .,ӂ11*+ӎ*,Ҧ,3HÁP ..........................................................................109 7.3. .ӂ7/8Ұ1+Ҥ1&+ӂ9¬+ѬӞ1*1*+,Ç1&Ӭ8 ...........................113 ix 7.3.1. .ӃWOXұQ .........................................................................................113 7.3.2. +ҥQFKӃ ..........................................................................................115 7.3.3. +ѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭXWURQJWѭѫQJODi ................................................115 '$1+0Ө&&È&&Ð1*75Î1+.+2$+Ӑ& .......................................................116 7¬,/,ӊ87+$0.+Ҧ2 ...........................................................................................117 x '$1+0Ө&%Ҧ1*%,ӆ8 Bҧng 1. 1. Danh mөc các dӵ án quan trӑng quӕc gia và dӵ iQѭXWLrQÿҫXWѭJLDLÿRҥn 2021 ± 2030 (Ban Quҧn Lý Dӵ ÈQĈҫX7ѭ;k\'ӵng Hҥ TҫQJĈ{7Kӏ tҥi TPHCM)..5 Bҧng 1. 2. Các dӵ án hҥ tҫng giao thông tҥL73+&0ÿӃQQăPYjVDXQăP (Ban Quҧn Lý Dӵ ÈQĈҫX7ѭ;k\'ӵng Hҥ TҫQJĈ{7Kӏ tҥi TPHCM) .......................7 Bҧng 2. 1. Tóm tҳt nghiên cӭXQѭӟc ngoài ...................................................................10 Bҧng 2. 2. Tóm tҳt nghiên cӭXWURQJQѭӟc ....................................................................19 Bҧng 2. 3. Quá trình xây dӵng kiӃn trúc ITS tҥi ViӋt Nam (ViӋn TCCL VN, 2015) ...28 Bҧng 3. 1. Bҧng tәng hӧp so sánh lӵa chӑn mô hình PLS-SEM và CB-SEM ..............33 Bҧng 3. 2. ChӍ sӕ ÿiQKJLiPӭFÿӝ tin cұ\&URQEDFK¶V$OSKD .....................................35 Bҧng 3. 3. ChӍ sӕ ÿiQKJLiPӭFÿӝ tin cұy tәng hӧp.....................................................36 Bҧng 3. 4. DiӉn giҧi phân tích KMO .............................................................................38 Bҧng 3. 5. HӋ sӕ Factor Loading ...................................................................................38 Bҧng 3. 6. Giá trӏ mӕLWѭѫQJTXDQ .................................................................................39 Bҧng 3. 7. Giá trӏ hӋ sӕ tҧi ngoài ...................................................................................44 Bҧng 3. 8. Giá trӏ SKѭѫQJVDLWUtFKWUXQJEuQK ............................................................... 44 Bҧng 3. 9. ChӍ sӕ HTMT ............................................................................................... 45 Bҧng 3. 104X\WUuQKÿiQKJLi0{KuQKFҩu trúc .........................................................46 BҧQJ1JѭӥQJÿiQKJLiPӭFÿӝ ÿDFӝng tuyӃn ...................................................46 BҧQJĈiQKJLiPӭFÿӝ R2 ...................................................................................47 BҧQJĈinh giá mӭFÿӝ f 2 ...................................................................................48 BҧQJĈiQKJLiPӭFÿӝ Q2 ...................................................................................48 BҧQJĈiQKJLiPӭFÿӝ q2 ....................................................................................48 Bҧng 4. 1. Danh sách các yӃu tӕ tiӅm ҭn ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃn ITS .......................................53 Bҧng 4. 2. Danh sách các ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃn hiӋu quҧ và sӵ phát triӇn cӫa ITS................58 Bҧng 4. 3. Chuyên ngành cӫDÿiSYLrQ .........................................................................60 Bҧng 4. 4. ThӡLJLDQÿiSYLrQF{QJWiF .........................................................................61 BҧQJĈѫQYӏ ÿiSYLrQF{QJWiF .............................................................................61 xi Bҧng 4. 6. Vӏ WUtÿiSYLrQWURQJÿѫQYӏ công tác ........................................................... 62 Bҧng 4. 7. Thӕng kê trung bình .....................................................................................62 Bҧng 4. 8. Bҧng thӕng kê kӃt quҧ tәng hӧp lҫn kiӇPÿӏQK&URQEDFK¶V$OSKDFXӕi cùng cӫa tӯQJWKDQJÿR ..........................................................................................................65 Bҧng 4. 9. Thӕng kê kӃt quҧ phân tích EFA lҫn cuӕi cӫa biӃQÿӝc lұp ........................66 Bҧng 4. 10. Thӕng kê kӃt quҧ phân tích EFA cho biӃn phө thuӝc ................................ 67 Bҧng 5. 1. Chuyên ngành cӫDÿiSYLrQ .........................................................................69 Bҧng 5. 2. ThӡLJLDQÿiSYLrQF{QJWiF .........................................................................69 BҧQJĈѫQYӏ ÿiSYLrQF{QJWiF .............................................................................70 Bҧng 5. 4. Vӏ WUtÿiSYLrQWURQJÿѫQYӏ công tác ........................................................... 70 Bҧng 5. 5. Thӕng kê trung bình .....................................................................................71 Bҧng 5. 6. KӃt quҧ kiӇPÿӏQK&URQEDFK¶V$OSKDFӫDWKDQJÿR$* ............................. 73 Bҧng 5. 7. KӃt quҧ kiӇPÿӏQK&URQEDFK¶V$OSKDFӫDWKDQJÿR)& .............................. 74 Bҧng 5. 8. KӃt quҧ kiӇPÿӏQK&URQEDFK¶V$OSKDFӫDWKDQJÿR,7, .............................. 74 Bҧng 5. 9. KӃt quҧ kiӇPÿӏQK&URQEDFK¶V$OSKDFӫDWKDQJÿR2'8 .......................... 74 Bҧng 5. 10. KӃt quҧ kiӇPÿӏQK&URQEDFK¶V$OSKDFӫDWKDQJÿR5,Oҫn 1)..................75 Bҧng 5. 11. KӃt quҧ kiӇPÿӏQK&URQEDFK¶V$OSKDFӫDWKDQJÿR5,Oҫn 2)..................75 Bҧng 5. 12. KӃt quҧ kiӇPÿӏQK&URQEDFK¶V$OSKDFӫDWKDQJÿR(' ............................ 76 Bҧng 5. 13. Bҧng tәng hӧp kӃt quҧ kiӇPÿӏQK&URQEDFK¶V$OSKDOҫn cuӕi ..................76 Bҧng 5. 14. Giá trӏ cӫa KMO và Bartlett cho các biӃn quan sát (lҫn 1) ........................77 Bҧng 5. 15. KӃt quҧ tәQJSKѭѫQJVDLWUtFKOҫn 1) ........................................................77 Bҧng 5. 16. KӃt quҧ ma trұn xoay (lҫn 1) ......................................................................78 Bҧng 5. 17. Giá trӏ cӫa KMO và Bartlett cho các biӃn quan sát (lҫn 2) ........................79 Bҧng 5. 18. KӃt quҧ tәQJSKѭѫQJVDLWUtFKOҫn 2) ........................................................80 Bҧng 5. 19. KӃt quҧ ma trұn xoay (lҫn 2) ......................................................................81 Bҧng 5. 20. Thӕng kê kӃt quҧ phân tích EFA lҫn cuӕi cӫa biӃQÿӝc lұp ......................82 Bҧng 5. 21. Giá trӏ cӫa KMO và Bartlett cho các biӃn quan sát ...................................82 Bҧng 5. 22. KӃt quҧ tәQJSKѭѫQJVDLWUtFK ....................................................................82 Bҧng 5. 23. KӃt quҧ ma trұn xoay .................................................................................83 Bҧng 5. 24. KӃt quҧ ma trұQFKѭD[RD\ ........................................................................83 Bҧng 5. 25. Thӕng kê kӃt quҧ phân tích EFA cho biӃn phө thuӝc ................................ 83 xii Bҧng 5. 26. KӃt quҧ giá trӏ WѭѫQJTXDQ3HDUVRQ ............................................................ 84 Bҧng 5. 27. KӃt quҧ SKkQWtFKSKѭѫQJVDL$129$ .....................................................84 Bҧng 5. 28. KӃt quҧ hӋ sӕ hӗi quy Coefficients ............................................................ 85 Bҧng 5. 29. KӃt quҧ Model Summary ...........................................................................86 Bҧng 5. 30. KӃt quҧ WѭѫQJTXDQKҥng Spearman .......................................................... 87 Bҧng 5. 31. KӃt luұn các giҧ thuyӃWEDQÿҫu .................................................................87 Bҧng 6. 1. KӃt quҧ hӋ sӕ tҧi cӫa các biӃn tiӅm ҭn tӟi chӍ báo (lҫn 1) ........................... 91 Bҧng 6. 2. KӃt quҧ hӋ sӕ tҧi cӫa các biӃn tiӅm ҭn tӟi chӍ báo (lҫn 2) ........................... 92 Bҧng 6. 3. KӃt quҧ ÿӝ tin cұy cӫDP{KuQKÿROѭӡng kӃt quҧ .......................................93 Bҧng 6. 4. Tiêu chuҭn Fornell-Larcker .........................................................................94 Bҧng 6. 5. Giá trӏ tӹ lӋ ÿһFÿLӇm dӏ biӋt ± ÿһFÿLӇPÿѫQQKҩt (HTMT) ........................94 Bҧng 6. 6. Giá trӏ khoҧng tin cұy Bootstrap 95% .......................................................... 95 Bҧng 6. 7. Tәng kӃWFKRP{KuQKÿROѭӡng kӃt quҧ ......................................................96 Bҧng 6. 8. Bҧng giá trӏ Inner VIF ..................................................................................97 Bҧng 6. 9. Giá trӏ tәng mӭFWiFÿӝng ............................................................................97 Bҧng 6. 10. Giá trӏ hӋ sӕ R2 và R2adj ..............................................................................98 Bҧng 6. 11. Giá trӏ hӋ sӕ f 2 ........................................................................................... 98 Bҧng 6. 12. Giá trӏ hӋ sӕ Q2 ........................................................................................... 98 Bҧng 6. 13. Giá trӏ hӋ sӕ Q2 (xóa biӃn AG) ...................................................................99 Bҧng 6. 14. Giá trӏ hӋ sӕ Q2 (xóa biӃn FC)....................................................................99 Bҧng 6. 15. Giá trӏ hӋ sӕ Q2 (xóa biӃn ITI) ...................................................................99 Bҧng 6. 16. Giá trӏ hӋ sӕ Q2 (xóa biӃn ODU) ..............................................................100 Bҧng 6. 17. Giá trӏ hӋ sӕ Q2 (xóa biӃn RI) ..................................................................100 Bҧng 6. 18. Tәng hӧp giá trӏ so sánh giӳa OLS và PLS-SEM ....................................103 xiii '$1+0Ө&+Î1+Ҧ1+ Hình 1. 1. TӍ lӋ phҫQWUăPFiFQJjQK.7-;+ÿyQJJySYjR*'37әng cөc Thӕng kê, 2021) ..........................................................................................................................1 Hình 1. 2. CӕQJQJăQWULӅu BӃn Nghé (Sӻ Ĉ{QJ .................................................4 Hình 1. 3. KhӕLOѭӧng PM2.5 tӯ 2016 ± 2020 tҥi ViӋt Nam (IQAir, 2020)...................6 Hình 2. 1. BҧQÿӗ tҥi khu vӵc hoҥWÿӝng cӫa viӋc kӃt hӧp vұn chuyӇn hàng hóa và con QJѭӡi tҥLĈӭc (Nguӗn: ITS Congress 2019) .................................................................18 Hình 2. 2. Ĉѭӡng cao tӕc N3 ӭng dөng vұt liӋu xanh tҥi Nam Phi (Nguӗn: The South African National Roads Agency) ..................................................................................18 Hình 2. 3. Mô hình KiӃn trúc FKXQJĈ7704XDQJ .........................................22 Hình 2. 4. Mô phӓng nhұn dҥQJSKѭѫQJWLӋQYjSKѭѫQJWKӭc thanh toán tӵ ÿӝng (VETC, 2021) .............................................................................................................................. 23 Hình 2. 5. Trang thông tin quy hoҥch tҥi TPHCM (Sӣ QHKT TPHCM, 2021) ...........23 Hình 2. 6. TPHCM ± 7UXQJ/ѭѫQJ,76&HQWHU6ӣ GTVT TPHCM, 2015) ...............24 Hình 2. 8. Mô tҧ các yӃu tӕ cӫa ITS Canada (TAC, 2017) ...........................................26 Hình 2. 7. Mô tҧ các yӃu tӕ cӫa ITS Mӻ (Transportation, 2017) ..................................27 +uQKĈӏQKQJKƭD.LӃn trúc tham chiӃu cho ITS ViӋt Nam (Ministry of Science and Technology, 2020) .........................................................................................................29 Hình 3. 1. Xây dӵQJVѫÿӗ nghiên cӭu luұQYăQ ........................................................... 32 Hình 3. 2. Minh hӑa cho hӗi quy tuyӃn tính..................................................................37 Hình 3. 3. BiӇXÿӗ Histogram và Normal P-P Plot mүu ...............................................40 Hình 3. 4. Giҧ ÿӏnh liên hӋ tuyӃn tính bӏ vi phҥm (mүu)...............................................41 Hình 3. 5. Giҧ ÿӏnh liên hӋ tuyӃn tính không bӏ vi phҥm (mүu)....................................41 Hình 3. 6. Mô hình mүXÿѭӡng dүQFѫEҧn PLS-SEM (J. J. F. Hair et al., 2017) ........42 +uQK0{KuQKÿROѭӡng cҩu tҥo.............................................................................43 +uQK0{KuQKÿROѭӡng kӃt quҧ ............................................................................43 Hình 4. 1. Quy trình thu thұp dӳ liӋu ............................................................................50 xiv Hình 5. 1. Mô hình hӗi quy tuyӃn tính OLS..................................................................68 +uQKĈӗ thӏ Histogram .......................................................................................... 85 +uQKĈӗ thӏ Normal P-P Plot.................................................................................85 +uQKĈӗ thӏ Scatterplot .......................................................................................... 86 Hình 5. 5. KӃt quҧ mô hình OLS ...................................................................................88 Hình 6. 1. ThiӃt lұSѭӟFOѭӧng mô hình ........................................................................90 Hình 6. 2. Mô hình ÿѭӡng dүn phân tích tình huӕng 1 .................................................90 +uQK0{KuQKÿѭӡng dүn phân tích tình huӕng 2 .................................................92 Hình 6. 4. ThiӃt lұp Bootstrap .......................................................................................94 Hình 6. 5. ThiӃt lұp tiӃn trình blindfolding ...................................................................98 Hình 6. 6. KӃt quҧ mô hình SEM 2 .............................................................................102 Hình 7. 1. HӋ VLQKWKiL&ѫVӣ HTKT sӕ (AIIB, 2020) ................................................110 +uQK   0{ KuQK Fѫ Vӣ CSG và SVG hoҥW ÿӝng cùng vӟi sӵ hӛ trӧ cӫa hӋ thӕng &(:36Yj6&$'$FKR,76Kѭӟng tӟLĈ7701JXӗn: Hӑc viên) ..........................111 Hình 7. 3. 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