Tài liệu On thi ta

Cấu trúc 1: so sánh hơn ADJ + ER/MORE ADJ + THAN -> Not (as)/ so …..as 1/ I can’t cook as well as my mother does  My mother cooks better than me. 2/ The Colombian coffee cost more than the Kenyan coffee  The Kenyan coffee not as cost as The Colombian coffee. Cấu trúc 2: ADJ + ENOUGH FOR + TO INF -> SO + ADJ + THAT / SUCH A/AN + ADJ + N + THAT 1/ The software is smart enough to detect and correct any mistakes  The Software .. 2/ The Richard is tall enough to change light bulbs in some rooms without having to stand on a chair  Richart is SUCH A/AN + ADJ + N+ THAT SO + ADJ + THAT  TOO ADJ + FOR .. + TO INF ADJ + ENOUGH FOR + TO INF 1/ Emerging markets are so volatile that we shouldn’t invest in them  Emerging markets 2/ Rents in the city are so hight that we can’t have an office there  Rents in the city 3/ It was such a bad manual that I couldn’t understand it  The manual Cấu trúc 3: IT BE ADJ + TO INF <-> TO INF + BE + ADJ 1/ It’s difficult to understand what she’s talking about.  To understand 2/ It is very relaxing to spend a day in the country  To spend Cấu trúc 4 HAD BETTER/ HAD BETTER NOT + V  ADVISE + O+ TO V/ ADVISE + O + NOT TO V 1/ You’d better not lend him any more money.  I strongly advise you… 2/ You’d better put your money in the bank.  I advise …. Cấu trúc 5: WOULD RATHER + V  PREFER + V_ING / WOULD PREFER + TO V S1 + WOULD RATHER + S2 + SIMPLE PAST 1/ He prefers golf to tennis  He’d rather 2/ I’d prefer you ti sign the contract without any further delay.  I’d rather… 3/ I prefer travelling by train to driving  I would rather … 4/ I prefer working at home to commuting to the office  I would rather… 5/ I would prefer you not to smoke in here  I’d rather 6/ I would prefer you to deliver the sofa on Friday  I would rather.. CẤU TRÚC 6: THÌ QKĐ (AGO) THÌ HTHT ( SINCE/ FOR) 1/ The last time I went to Bristol was three years ago.  I haven’t… 2/ Lucy hasn’t worn that dress since Babara’s wedding  The last… 3/ Phoenix started producing books for children in 1999  Phoenix has …. CẤU TRÚC 7: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN IF MAINE CLAUSE ( HTD)  IF CLAUSE ( QKD) MAINE CLAUSE ( QKD)  IF CLAUSE ( QKHT) 1/ We can not have cheaper goods because our labour costs are high.  If…. 2/ The accident happened because the train driver ignored a warning light.  If the train driver… CẤU TRÚC 8: CÂU TRỰC TIẾP  CÂU GIÁN TIẾP MĐ TRỰC TIẾP  S + SAY/ SAID (THAT) + S + V  TELL, TOLD + O + THAT + S + V HTĐ -> QKĐ HTTD-> QKTD QKĐ , HTHT-> QKHT TLĐ-> WOULD + V WILL HAVE + V -> WOULD HAVE + V3/ed WOULD + V --> WOULD HAVE + V3/ed 1/ Robert : “ My father flew to Dallas last year.”  Robert told me that… 2/ Thay said , “ We have just arrived.”  Thay said that…. 3/ Jason: “ I will do my best in the exams tomorrow.”  Jason told me that…. 4/ She said , “ I went to the cinema yesterday.”  She said MỆNH ĐỀ TRỰC TIẾP ( YES/NO)  S + ASKED + O + IF/WHETHER + S + V 1/ Tom said , “ Will they accept our offer , Mary?”  Tom asked…. 2/ John said to his secretary, “ Is Peter coming to the meeting?”  John asked MỆNH ĐỀ TRỰC TIẾP (WH)  S + ASKED + O + QUESTINE WORD + S + V 1/ “Where is their head office , Sally?” asked Ann  Ann asked 2/ The director wondered , “ How are the negotiations going?”  The director asked… MỆNH ĐỀ MỆNH LỆNH  S + ASKED/TOLD/ORDERED/REQUIRED/REQUESTED + O + (NOT) + TO INF 1/ John said to me : “ Don’t answer the phone.”  John requested…. 2/ The director said to his secretary : “ Send the letter immediately.”  The director asked CẤU TRÚC 9: IF ….. NOT  UNLESS 1/ If nothing goes wrong , we will sign the deal tomorrow.  Unless 2/ We’re not going to get that contract if we don’t improve our offer.  We… 3/ Thi project will only be viable if you can cut your overheads.  The project…. CẤU TRÚC 10: CÂU MONG ƯỚC MĐ CHÍNH ( HTD)  WISH ( QKĐ) MĐ CHÍNH ( QKD)  WISH ( QKHT) MĐ CHÍNH ( TLĐ)  WISH ( WOULD + V) 1/ It’s unfortunate you didn’t manage to give her my message.  I wish… 2/ Maria says she’d like to have been put in a higher class.  Maria wishes…. 3/ Mrs Taylor does not like living in such a small house .  Mrs Taylor wishes… 4/ It would be nice to be able ton understand the language when I go to France.  I wish…. CẤU TRÚC 11: CÂU CHỦ ĐÓNG - CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG 1/The secretary has just finished the report.  The report… 2/ You can cancel the contract within five business days  The contract 3/ We will deliver the goods immediately.  The goods 4/ They are painting the outside of the ship when the accident happened.  The outside 5/ Our teacher is going to punish that student.  That student 6/ Rachel will give you some advice  You CẤU TRÚC 12: S + HAVE/ GET + O1 + Bare inf/ to inf + O2  S + HAVE / GET + O2 + PP 1/ I’ll get the accounts department to send them a cheque immediately.  I… 2/ I have my secretary check these figures for me.  I CẤU TRÚC 13: ALTHOUGH/THOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH + CLAUSE - DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF + CỤM DT 1/ Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.  In spite of … 2/ Though we hadn’t finished the report, we sent it to the client.  Despite CẤU TRÚC 14: BECAUSE/ AS/ SINCE + CLAUSE  BECAUSE OF/ DUE TO + N/ CỤM DT 1/ She found the exam easy because she had worked hard during the course.  Because of…. 2/ Since they have no salary, they may be asking us for a loan unless we go on holiday tomorrow  Due to….. CẤU TRÚC 15: IT TAKE + S.O + HOW LONG + TO V 1/ It is a six-hour drive from London to Edinburgh.  It take 2/ When Mary wanted a new car , she had to save up for a year  It took…. CẤU TRÚC 16: IT WAS NOT UNTIL …… THAT + S + V 1/ The noise did not stop until after midnight.  It was not … 2/ Shirley didn’t begin to read until she was eight  It wasn’t 3/ I didn’t realize that I had left my dictionary at home until I arrived at the classroom.  It was not…. CẤU TRÚC 17: IT IS …… SINCE + S + V2/ED 1/ Robert and Catherine have been married for four years  It’s 2/ John hasn’t had his car repaired for over six months  It is CẤU TRÚC 18: CÂU HỎI TRỰC TIẾP  CÂU HỎI GIÁN TIẾP A/ DO YOU KNOW/ COULD YOU TELL ME / WE’D LIKE TO KNOW + IF/ WHETHER + S + V….? 1/ Have you applied for a similar position before?  Could you … 2/ Must we be here by six or can we come a little later?  We’d B/ DO YOU KNOW/ COULD YOU TELL ME / WE’D LIKE TO KNOW + QUESTION WORD + S + V….? 1/ What do you like most about your present job?  Could you…. 2/ Which newspaper did you see the advertisement in ?  Do you… CẤU TRÚC 19: CÂU SO SÁNH THE ADJ + ER / MORE + ADJ + S + V, THE ADJ + ER / MORE + ADJ + S + V 1/ As T.V programmes become more popular, they seem to get worse.  The more 2/ That worker works better when he does not have enough time.  The less CẤU TRÚC 20: WHY DON’T YOU + V …?  S + SUGGESTED THAT + S + SHOULD + VBARE +... 1/ “ Why don’t you put an advertisement in the local paper?” they said to me  They suggested…. 2/ “ Why don’t you complain to the company, Peter?” said William.  William suggested…. CẤU TRÚC 21: QKĐ ( OFTEN, ALWAYS)  USED TO + V 1/ I often did the gardening , but I don’t have time for it now.  I used to 2/ When Ben worked for IBM, he often traveled a lot for his job.  Ben used to CẤU TRÚC 22 BE/GET + ACCUSTOMED TO + VING/N  BE/GET + USED TO + VING/N 1/ You will soon be used to living alone.  You 2/ When we live in Bangkok, we were accustomed to hot weather.  We… CẤU TRÚC 23 NỐI CÂU  EITHER …. OR / NEITHER …. NOR 1/ Jack is not here and Tom is in another city.  Neither Jack 2/We could fly, or we could go by train.  Either … CẤU TRÚC 24: NOT ONLY … BUT ALSO  BOTH….AND 1/ The new maketing plan will not only improve our position, but also increase our sales volume.  The new maketing plan… 2/ He writes not only correctly but also neatly.  He writes…. CẤU TRÚC 25: MAY/ CAN/ COULD + S + V …?  DO YOU MIND IF + SS/ES + V ? 1/ Can I clean up the mess in the kitchen tomorrow?  Do you 2/ May I copy your notes from class yesterday? Do you…. CẤU TRÚC 26: CAN/COULD/WILL/WOULD + YOU + V…?  WOULD YOU MIND + VING WOULD YOU PLEASE + VBARE 1/ Can you deliver one copy for me when you’re finished?  Would you … 2/ Would you explain these instructions for the fax machine?  Would you… CẤU TRÚC 27 SHOULD/OUGHT TO + V  HAD BETTER + V 1/ If you’re not well , you ought to ask Ann to go instead.  If you’re 2/ Any large amount of company cash should be deposited in the safe.  We’d CAU TRUC 28: LET’S +V  WHY DON’T WE + V..? 1/Let’s stop now and carry on again tomorrow.  Why don’t we 2/ Let’s organize a leaving party for Bob Simpson.  Why don’t CAU TRUC 28: ĐẢO NGỮ S + V  NEVER,RARELY, LITTLE…. + DẠNG CÂU HỎI YES/NO 1/I was never shown how to operate the machinery.  At no time 2/ there are more people out of work in this country than ever before.  Never.. 3/ The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.  Only by… 4/ He spent all his money. He even borrowed some money from me.  Not only… 5/ Whatever happens, you shouldn’t phone the polics.  Under no circumstances …. ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG MĐ ĐIỀU KIỆN 1/ If you changed your mind , You’d be welcome to join us.  Were you 2/ He would have lent you his violin if you’d asked him.  Had you… CONTROLLED WRITING 1/ Marks & Spencer/ be/ most famous British shop/ the world  2/ At the moment/ there /be/ 283/ M & S shop / Britain/ other/ country.  3/ Currently/ they/ build/ large new store/Paris.  4/ There/ be/ about/ 50/store/ Canada.  5/ More and more /people/ Hong Kong/ Lisbon/ buy/ clothes/food/ M & S  6/ Company/ employ/50.000/ employee/ worldwide  7/ Sales/ increase/80%/ the last ten year.  8/ Many/ shop/abroad/be/franchise.  9/ Owners / Franchise/ buy/all/ stock/ M & S  10/ they/ pay/ company/percentage/turnover.  Practice 2 1/ Sir Peter Parker/ be/ well known/ top manager.  2/ He/ study/ history/ Oxford Universyty /1947/1950  3/ He/ work/ as/ manager/ a number/company/ during/ 1950s/1960s  4/ He/ become/ well known/public/ chairman/ Bristish Rail.  5/ He/join/ Bristish Rail/ 1976/leave/1983.  6/ 1978/he/ award/knighthood/ the Queen.  7/ He/ appoint/ Chairman/ Mitsubishi electric ( UK)/1984.  8/He/be/ first non Japanese/become/Chairman/Japanese company.  9/1991/ the Japanese Government/award/he/the Order of the Sacred Treasure.  10/ He/ write/ autobiography/ for Starters/1989.  Practice 3 1/ Electrolux/Swedish company/head office/ Stockholm.  2/It/ start/company/1921/when/produce/ world’s first vacuum cleaner.  3/ Four year later,/1925/produce/ fisrt refrigerator,/ these/ still two/its best-known products.  4/It/ now/ own/ many well-known consumer brands,/ include/ AEG, Zabussi/ Parner.  5/ Today/ it/ employ/81,971 people /sell/ its products/ more than 150 countries.  6/ Worldwide turnover/2002/14,552 million euros.  7/ It/ have/ two global divisions/ call/ Consumer Durables/ Professional Products.  8/ Consumer Durable/include/ the appliances we have/ our homes/ example/cookers/vacuum cleaners/ washing machines.  9/ Professional Products/ include/ much larger applicances/ example/ food service equipment/ hotels/ restaurants/outdoor products/ the garden.  10/ this/ make/ it/ world’s largest producer/ powered applicance/kitchen, cleaning/outdoor use.  Practice 4 1/ Uniliver/ Britist- Dutch company/ head offices/Rotterdam and London.  2/ It now/ own/ many well-known consumer brands/ include/Knorr,Lipton’s tea, Omo, dove / Lux  3/ Knorr/ their biggest food brand/ a strong presence/ over 80 countries/ a product range/ include/ soup, sauce, bouillons, noodles/ complete meals.  4/ Today it/ employ/ 247.000 people /57 countries/ sells its products/150 countries/ 150 m customers.  5/ Its worldwide turnover/2002/48.760 million euros.  6/ It/ spend/2.3%/ its turnover/ Reseach and Development.  7/ It/ have/ two global divisons/ call/ Food and Home/ Personal Care.  8/ Over 50%/ its sales/ come/ Food Division.  9/ It/ have/10 regional business groups / meet the needs/ local markets.  10/This/ make/ it/international manufacturer/leading brands/ food, home care/ personal care.  Practice 5: 1/ Tara/ start/ 1978  2/ It/be/ family-owned business.  3/ Head office/ be/ Cordoba, Spain.  4/ It / sell/ clothes/ men and women.  5/ Customer/ be/ mainly/ fashion- conscious people/ age/20 to 35.  6/ It / have/ 15 stores/ Spain/ all/ which/ be / profitable.  7/ It/ have/ annual turnover / 620 million.  8/ Net profits/ last year/ be / approximately 16 million.  9/ Workforce / be/ over 2.000 employees.  10/ It / plan/open/5 / new overseas store/ next year.  Practice 6 1/Webwatch/ be established/2001.  2/ It/ be found/ two brothers/ Mike/ Jon Harding  3/It/ be/ a web design company.  4/ Head office/ be/ Colorado, America.  5/ It/ design/ website/ companies.  6/ Client list / include/ both small / large films.  7/ Films/ be/ all business sectors/ real estate/ uniliversities.  8/ It/ have/ annual turnover/ $80 million.  9/ It now / have/ about 50 employees.  10/Future/ Webwatch/ aim/ become/ world leader/ website design.  Practice 7 1/ LVMH ( Louis Vuiton, Moet Hennessey) manufacture/ sell luxury goods  2/There/ be/ several companies/ group.  3/ It/ have/60/ famous brand/ such as Louis, Givenchy/ Christian Dior.  4/ It/ have/ 1.500/ store/ worldwide/ be expanding its network.  5/ It/ employ/56.000 people.  6/ Its head office/ be/ France/63%/ its staff/ work outside France  7/ It/ be/ creative/ innovative group.  8/ It/ aim/ impress its customers / its high quality/ long- lasting products.  9/Its new products/ depend a lot / research/ development.  10/ LVMH/ control/ every detail/ the brands’ image.  Practice 8 1/ The Inditex group/own/ six/ fashion chain/include Zara  2/ It/ have / around 1.500 / store/ worldwide.  3/ It/ operate/ 44/ country.  4/ It/ employ/ 27.000 people  5/ It/ have / more than 200/ fashion designer.  6/ Currenly/ fashion designers/ work/ next year’s designs  7/ Inditex group/ do/ very well/ at the moment.  8/ It/ be trying/ become/ global fashion leader.  9/ Amancio Ortega/ founder/ Inditex also/invest/ property/hotels.  10/ Most/ this year’s investment/ be staying/ Spain, Practice 9 1/ Sony Walkman/ be one/ famous products/ past century.  2/ Small box/ be cheap/ and/ be/ easiest way/ hear your favorite song.  3/ By/ end/ century/ it/ be normal/ listen/ newest music everywhere.  4/At/ end/ 20th century/ and/ beginning/21 st century/ technology/ move faster.  5/ There / be/ modern way/ listen/ music – the Ipod.  6/ Like/ Walkman/ ipod/ be popular/ because/ it/ be simple/ use  7/ You/ download/ over 10.000 songs/ Internet/ and it/ be also/ smaller/ Walkman.  8/ Perhaps/ iPod/ be/ next icon/ 21 st century.  9/ But/ this century/ Apple/ have/ stronger competition/ Sony Walkman/ do/ past/ century.  10/ Other companies/ now produce/similar products.  Practice 10 1/the YP9000/ be/ new, elegant/ very high- tech.  2/ It/ lool like / mobile phone – but it / do/ so much more  3/ You can use it/ make phone calls/ send/ receive e-mail/ browse the Internet/ play music/ video.  4/ It/ also have / digital zoom camera/ taking photos.  5/ It / be/ ideal/ travelling – you/ not/ need/carry any other devices.  6/ It/ be/ 22 centimetres long,/ one centimeter thick/ just 75 grams heavy.  7/ Compact device/ give/ you high quality sound/ full colour video/ excellent text readability.  8/ It / be powered/ fast microprocessor/64 megabytes/ memory.  9/ Powerful operating system/ let/ you/ do several thing/ same time,/ quick/ reliable  10/ What is more/ amazing device/ be competitively priced/ just 199 dollars  Chuyển đổi câu 1/ It is relaxing to work in a comfortable office  To work… 2/ His presentation is so informative that I can learn a lot from it It is such 3/ I prefer including special photographs or technical drawings to illustrate the mechanisms of the Fonomat. I’d rather 4/There were so many candidates that I couldn’t see them all in the time available  I had too 5/ I had expected the printers they sold us to be cheaper than they were  The printers they sold us were 6/ We can’t afford to rent an office in the downtown area  An office in the downtown area is 7/The acoustics in the conference room were not good, so we had to lay on a microphone for the guest speakers.  The acoustics in the conference room were so 8/ I would prefer it if you come to the meeting on time.  I would rather 9/ We were advised to issue more stocks to raise capital.  We had better 10/ It is so great to work with helpful colleagues.  To work.. 1/ Mr Henrique Calisto started to work for IBC two years ago  Mr Henrique has 2/ My boss said , “ Don’t worry . Of course you can take a month’s paid leave.”  My boss reassured… 3/ You stopped trying , so you were behind others.  If you 4/ You didn’t contribute positively, we couldn’t continue the project.  If you.. 5/ the boss said to Henry , “ why haven’t you circulated the agenda for the next meeting?”  The Boss asked Henry 6/ I regret not having read the insurance policy carefully.  I wish 7/ If you do not leave detailed instruction for the “ temp”, she won’t know where to start.  Unless 8/ “ You should change your job, Mr Jenkins,” Said the doctor.  The doctor advised 9/ Mr Graber became our agent in Zambia 3 years ago.  Mr Graber has 10/ If you want to have a course prospectus, why don’t you send off for it?  If I 1/ Because the boss was displeased with Mary’s lack of punctuality , he sacked her.  Because of 2/ Our government initiated the program of economic reform in the 1980s  The program 3/ Despite his not having enough information about that company , he signed the contract.  Although.. 4/ Because of a 2-week breakdown of the machine tool , we could not finish the orders in due date.  Because 5/ They spent 2 months renovating the company cafeteria  It took… 6/ The applicants have all been sent details of our pension scheme.  We have had 7/ You have delivered our goods too late , so I have to cancel our orders.  Because 8/ Did you deal with those complaint?  Were those complaint 9/ My boss asked me to book s flight to Rome for him  My boss had me 10/ The sales Manager asked , “ Why are the lastest sales figures so discouraging, Tom?”  The Sales Manager asked Tom 1/ She usually entertains the company’s important suppliers at Caravel restaurant.  She is… 2/ The last time we had a big order was 6 months ago.  It is 3/ As the time is going to be over , she become careless.  The less 4/ “ Why don’t you apply for that job , suSan?” said John.  John suggested 5/ I always worked overtime when I wasin sale for an import- export company.  I used to 6/ The manager asked John “ What tupe of publicity material are you thinking of putting out”?  The manager asked John 7/ Despite his ability to do the job , he wasn’t given the position  Although 8/ They always ride a motorbike to work in half an hour  It always takes 9/ It is my pleasure to invite you to our grand opening ceremony.  To invite you 10/ It is unfortunate that they did not pay back their loan.  I wish 5 1/ Despite my paying this account last week, they haven’t sent me a receipt  Although 2/ Besides working hard , Mary also has creative solutions  Mary not only 3/ She couldn’t understand his letter because his handwriting was too bad.  She couldn’t understand his letter because of 4/ John asked “ Why don’t you ask for a day off , Mary?”