ĈҤI HӐC QUӔ&*,$7+¬1+3+Ӕ HӖ &+Ë0,1+
75ѬӠ1*ĈҤI HӐ&%È&+.+2$
----------------
HӖ THӎ LINH
1*+,Ç1&ӬU ӬNG DӨ1*&Ð1*1*+ӊ TINH GӐN
NHҴ01Æ1*&$2+,ӊU QUҦ HOҤ7ĈӜNG
9¬&+Ҩ7/ѬӦNG TRӨC IN TҤ,1+¬0È<&+ӂ BҦN
&KX\rQQJjQK Kӻ ThuұW&{QJ1JKLӋp
0mVӕ: 8520117
LUҰ19Ă17+Ҥ&6Ƭ
TP. HӖ C+ËMINH, WKiQJQăP
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75ѬӠ1*ĈҤI HӐ&%È&+.+2$± Ĉ+4*+&0
&iQEӝ Kѭӟng dүn khoa hӑF 36*76Ĉӛ Ngӑc HiӅn..........................................................
3*676/r1Jӑc QuǤnh Lam...............................................
&iQEӝ chҩm nhұQ[pW 761JX\ӉQ9ăQ7KjQK ................................................................
&iQEӝ chҩm nhұQ[pW 76/r6RQJ7KDQK4XǤnh ...........................................................
LuұQYăQWKҥFVƭÿѭӧc bҧo vӋ tҥL7UѭӡQJĈҥi hӑF%iFK.KRD± Ĉ+4*73+&0QJj\
WKiQJQăP 2QOLQHWUrQ*RRJOH0HHW
7KjQKSKҫn HӝLÿӗQJÿiQKJLiOXұQYăQWKҥFVƭJӗm:
1. TS. NguyӉn Vҥng Ph~F1JX\rQ
± Chӫ tӏch hӝLÿӗng
2. TS. NguyӉn Hӳu Thӑ
± 7KѭNêKӝLÿӗng
3. TS. NguyӉQ9ăQ7KjQK
± Phҧn biӋn 1
4. 76/r6RQJ7KDQK4XǤnh
± Phҧn biӋn 2
5. 3*676Ĉӛ Ngӑc HiӅn
± Ӫ\YLrQ
;iFQKұn cӫa Chӫ tӏch HӝLÿӗQJÿiQKJLiOXұQYăQYj7Uѭӣng khoa quҧQOêFKX\rQ
ngjQKVDXNKLOXұQYăQÿmÿѭӧc sӱa chӳa (nӃXFy
75ѬӢ1*.+2$&Ѫ.+Ë
CHӪ TӎCH HӜ,ĈӖNG
ii
ĈҤI HӐC QUӔC GIA TP. HCM
CӜ1*+Ñ$;+ӜI CHӪ 1*+Ƭ$9,ӊT NAM
75ѬӠ1*ĈҤI HӐ&%È&+.+2$
Ĉӝc lұp ± Tӵ do ± HҥQKSK~F
NHIӊM VӨ LUҰ19Ă17+Ҥ&6Ƭ
Hӑ YjWrQ +Ӗ THӎ LINH
MSHV: 1970406
1Jj\WKiQJQăPVLQK
1ѫLVLQK 4XҧQJ1JmL
1JjQK .ӻ ThuұW&{QJ1JKLӋp
0mVӕ: 8520117
,ĈӅ WjLOXұQYăQ ӬNG DӨ1*&Ð1*1*+ӊ TINH GӐN NHҴ01Æ1*&$2+,ӊU
QUҦ HOҤ7ĈӜ1*9¬&+Ҩ7/ѬӦNG TRӨC IN TҤ,1+¬0È<&+ӂ BҦN
II. NhiӋm vө:
1. Nhұn diӋQFiFOmQJSKtWӗn tҥLWURQJTXiWUuQKVҧn xuҩt, thӵc hiӋQFiFFҧi tiӃn loҥi
bӓ OmQJSKt
2. 7ăQJVҧQOѭӧng trөFLQOrQVRYӟi hiӋn tҥi
3. Giҧm thӡi gian chu kǤ tӯ QJj\[XӕQJFzQQJj\
4. Giҧm tӹ lӋ phӃ phҭPYjSKҧn hӗi chҩWOѭӧng
,,,1Jj\JLDRQKLӋm vө: 22/02/2021...........................................................................
,91Jj\KRjQWKjQKQKLӋm vө: 13/06/2021..............................................................
9&iQEӝ Kѭӟng dүn 3*676Ĉӛ Ngӑc HiӅn........................................................
3*676/r1Jӑc QuǤnh Lam ............................................
73+&0QJj\« WKiQJ« QăP
&È1%Ӝ +ѬӞNG DҮN
CHӪ NHIӊM BӜ 0Ð1
(Hӑ WrQYjFKӳ Nê
PGS. TS Ĉӛ Ngӑc HiӅn
(Hӑ WrQYjFKӳ Nê
3*676/r1Jӑc QuǤnh Lam
75ѬӢ1*.+2$&Ѫ.+Ë
iii
LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1
Trӣ lҥL%iFK.KRDFKӍ VDXFKѭDÿҫ\QăPYLQKGӵ nhұn tҩm bҵng Cӱ QKkQÿҥi hӑc, cҧm
ѫQ%iFK.KRDWLӃp tөFQkQJEѭӟFYjFKӭng kiӃn sӵ WUѭӣQJWKjQKFӫDW{LYӟLWѭFiFKOj
hӑFYLrQ&DRKӑc - FKX\rQQJjQK.ӻ thuұW&{QJQJKLӋp.
KӃWWK~FFXӝFKjQKWUuQKWKӭ 2 tҥL%iFK.KRDYӟi cuӕn luұQYăQWKҥc sӻ WUrQWD\W{LWKӵc
sӵ biӃWѫQVӵ \rXWKѭѫQJJL~SÿӥÿӗQJKjQKYjKӛ trӧ TXêJLiFӫa thҫ\F{JLDÿuQKEҥn
EqYjFiFDQKFKӏ tҥL1KjPi\&KӃ bҧn.
KiӃn thӭc, kӻ QăQJYjQKӳng kinh nghiӋPPjW{LPD\PҳQÿѭӧFFiFWKҫ\F{Vҿ chia,
ÿѭӧFFiFWKҫ\F{WUX\ӅQÿҥWWURQJTXiWUuQKKӑc tұp tҥi bӝ P{Q.ӻ thuұt HӋ thӕQJ&{QJ
nghiӋSFKtQKOjFѫKӝLYjWUDQJEӏ tӕt nhҩWPjW{LOX{QOX{QWUkQWUӑng.
Xin gӱi lӡi cҧPѫQVkXVҳc nhҩWÿӃQ3*676Ĉӛ Ngӑc HiӅn ± QJѭӡi thҫ\ÿmWұQWuQK
truyӅQÿҥt kiӃn thӭc, tұQWuQKKѭӟng dүQYjWұQWuQKKӛ trӧ W{LWURQJVXӕWTXiWUuQKKӑc tұp
YjTXiWUuQKKRjQWKjQKOXұQYăQ&K~FWKҫy sӭc khӓHYjWKjQKF{QJ
;LQFKkQWKjQKFҧPѫQ%DQJLiPÿӕFYjWRjQWKӇ FiFDQKFKӏ tҥL1KjPi\&KӃ bҧQÿmWҥo
ÿLӅu kiӋQJL~Sÿӥ W{LWURQJVXӕWTXiWUuQKOjPYLӋc, thӵc hiӋQYjKRjQWKLӋQQJKLrQFӭu.
&K~FFiFDQKFKӏ nhiӅu sӭc khӓHF{QJWiFWӕW FK~FFKRQKjPi\FӫDFK~QJWDQJj\FjQJ
SKiWWULӇn.
Xin cҧm ѫQFiFDQKFKӏ/bҥQFKX\rQQJjQK.ӻ thuұWF{QJQJKLӋSPjHPPuQKFyFѫKӝi
hӑc tұSYjOjPYLӋc chung, cҧPѫQVӵ JL~Sÿӥ YjKӧSWiFFӫa mӑLQJѭӡLWURQJFiFEjLWұp
lӟQFiFGӵ iQP{QKӑc.
CҧPѫQVӵ ÿӗQJKjQKYjWLQWѭӣng cӫDJLDÿuQKÿӇ FRQKRjQWKjQKFKѭѫQJ WUuQKKӑc tҥi
WUѭӡng.
&KkQWKjQKFҧPѫQWҩt cҧ.
7UkQWUӑng.
73+&0QJj\WKiQJQăP
1Jѭӡi thӵc hiӋn
HӖ THӎ LINH
iv
7Ï07ҲT
LuұQYăQYӟLÿӅ WjL³1JKLrQFͱu ͱng dͭQJF{QJQJK͏ tinh g͕n nh̹PQkQJFDRKL͏u qu̫
ho̩Wÿ͡QJYjFK̭WO˱ͫng trͭc in t̩L1KjPi\&K͇ b̫Q´ gӗPFyFKѭѫQJ *Lӟi thiӋX&ѫ
sӣ OêWKX\ӃWYj3KѭѫQJSKiSOXұQ3KkQWtFKÿӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭu, Thӵc hiӋn cҧi tiӃQYj
KӃt quҧ thӵc hiӋn & KӃt luұQÿѭӧFWiFJLҧ thӵc hiӋn tҥL1KjPi\&KӃ bҧn tӯ WKiQJ
QăPÿӃQWKiQJQăP
&{QJW\&ә phҫQ%DREuQKӵD7kQ7LӃQOjGRDQKQJKLӋSFKX\rQVҧn xuҩWFiFORҥLEDREu
mӅPFKRFiFNKiFKKjQJQKѭ8QLOHYHU3 *1HVWOH7UXQJ1JX\rQ«1KjPi\&KӃ
bҧQÿҧm nhұn nhiӋm vө thiӃt kӃ YjVҧn xuҩt trөFLQ&yQKLӅu vҩQÿӅ ÿDQJWӗn tҥi tҥLQKj
Pi\ FiFOmQJSKtWӹ lӋ JLDF{QJWUөFLQErQQJRjLQKjFXQJFҩSNKiFDRGRQKjPi\
NK{QJÿiSӭQJÿѭӧc nhu cҫu, tӹ lӋ lӛi trөc nӝi bӝ YjWUөFWKjQKSKҭm lҫQOѭӧWOj
YjWKӡi gian chu kǤ NKiOӟQ WUXQJEuQKOjQJj\ 7URQJEӕi cҧnh hoҥWÿӝng sҧn
xuҩt kinh doanh cӫDF{QJW\NK{QJQJӯng mӣ rӝQJYjSKiWWULӇQ1KjPi\&KӃ bҧn cҫn
phҧLWKD\ÿәLÿӇ ÿiSӭQJFiFQKXFҫu cӫDNKiFKKjQJ
7UrQFѫVӣ WuPKLӇu kiӃn thӭFQJKLrQFӭu vӅ /HDQFQJYӟLTXiWUuQKOjPYLӋc thӵc tӃ tҥi
QKjPi\WiFJLҧ tiӃQKjQKQJKLrQFӭu vӟi 4 mөFWLrXFKtQK
-
Nhұn diӋQFiFOmQJSKtWӗn tҥLWURQJTXiWUuQKVҧn xuҩt, thӵc hiӋQFiFFҧi tiӃn loҥi
bӓ OmQJSKt
7ăQJVҧQOѭӧng trөFLQOrQVRYӟi hiӋn tҥi
Giҧm thӡi gian chu kǤ tӯ QJj\[XӕQJFzQQJj\
Giҧm tӹ lӋ phӃ phҭPYj phҧn hӗi chҩWOѭӧng
6DXWKiQJWKӵc hiӋQWiFJLҧ ÿmKRjQWKjQKFiFPөFWLrXEDQÿҫu:
-
Nhұn diӋQYjORҥi bӓ FiFOmQJSKt
%ѭӟFÿҫXJLDWăQJVҧQOѭӧng trөc in 8% so vӟLQăPYjNǤ vӑng sҧQOѭӧng sӁ
tiӃp tөFÿѭӧc cҧi thiӋn trong thӡi gian tӟi.
Thӡi gian chu kǤ ÿѭӧc ghi nhұQWURQJWKiQJOjQJj\
Tӹ lӋ phӃ phҭPYjFKҩWOѭӧng trөFWKjQKSKҭPÿѭӧc cҧi thiӋn
%ѭӟFÿҫXQJKLrQFӭXÿmWKjQKF{QJWURQJYLӋFQkQJFDRKLӋu quҧ hoҥWÿӝQJYjFKҩWOѭӧng
trөc in tҥL1KjPi\FKӃ bҧQ&iFFҧi tiӃn bҳWÿҫu mang lҥi nhӳQJWtQKLӋXÿiQJPӯQJYj
ÿѭӧc kǤ vӑng sӁ tiӃp tөFÿѭӧc cҧi thiӋn trong thӡi gian tӟL7URQJWѭѫQJODLYLӋc ӭng dөng
F{QJQJKӋ tinh gӑn trong sҧn xuҩWFyWKӇ ÿѭӧFiSGөng trong phҥPYLWRjQQKjPi\YjPӣ
rӝQJÿӃQTX\WUuQKWKLӃt kӃ nhҵPU~WQJҳn cҧ quiWUuQKWKLӃt kӃ YjFKӃ bҧn trөFLQÿӇ QkQJ
cao sӵ KjLOzQJFӫDNKiFKKjQJ
v
ABSTRACT
This thesis with the topic ³$SSO\LQJ /HDQ 7HFKQRORJ\ WR ,PSURYH 3HUIRUPDQFH DQG
&\OLQGHU 4XDOLW\ LQ &\OLQGHU )DFWRU\´ consists of 5 chapters: Introduction, Theoretical
basis and Methodology, Research objects Analysis, Implementation and Results &
Conclusions were carried out at the Cylinder Factory from October 2020 to June 2021.
Tan Tien Plastic Packaging Joint Stock Company specializes in manufacturing soft
packaging for many customers such as Unilever, P&G, Nestle, Trung Nguyen, etc. The
Cylinder Factory is in charge of designing and making cylinders. There are many problems
H[LVWLQJLQ&\OLQGHU)DFWRU\ ZDVWHVKLJKUDWHRIRXWVRXUFLQJF\OLQGHUVGXHWRWKHIDFWRU\¶V
failure to meet demand, failure rate of internal and finished cylinder are 6.65% and 4.47%
respectively, the cycle time is quite long ± GD\V7KHFRPSDQ\¶VSURGXFWLRQDQGEXVLQHVV
constantly expanding and developing, Cylinder Factory needs to change to meet
FXVWRPHUV¶GHPDQGV
Based on knowledge, research on Lean along with actual working at the factory, this
research is conducted with 4 main objectives:
-
Identify wastes existing in the production process, make improvements to eliminate
wastes
Increase cylinder output by 10%
Reduce the cycle time of cylinder making from 7 days to 5 days
Reduced scrap rate and quality feedback
After 6 months of implementation, the reasearch has completed the initial objectives:
-
Identify and eliminate wastes
Initially increase cylinder output by 8% compared to 2020 and expect that
continuing to improve in the near future.
Cycle time of cylinder making recorded in April 2021 is 5 days
The scrap rate and finished cylinder quality are improved
Initially, the research was successful in improving performance and cylinder quality in
Cylinder Factory. Improvements have begun to bring good signals and are expected to
continue to improve. In the future, the application of lean technology in production can be
applied throughout the plant and extended to the design process to shorten both the design
and cylinder making process to improve customer satisfaction.
vi
LӠ,&$0Ĉ2$1
7{L[LQFDPÿRDQÿӅ WjL³1JKLrQFӭu ӭng dөQJF{QJQJKӋ tinh gӑn nhҵPQkQJFDRKLӋu
quҧ hoҥWÿӝQJYjFKҩWOѭӧng trөc in tҥL1KjPi\&KӃ bҧQ´OjF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFӭu cӫa
ULrQJW{LYjFKѭDÿѭӧFF{QJEӕ Gѭӟi bҩt kǤ KuQKWKӭFQjR
&iFVӕ liӋXKuQh ҧQKÿѭӧc sӱ dөQJWURQJÿӅ WjLÿѭӧFW{LWKXWKұSYjWәng hӧp tӯ nhiӅu
nguӗQNKiFQKDXÿѭӧFJKLU}ӣ phҫQ7jLOLӋu tham khҧo.
7{LFKӏXWUiFKQKLӋm vӅ nӝi dung luұQYăQFӫDPuQK
73+&0QJj\WKiQJQăP
1Jѭӡi thӵc hiӋn
HӖ THӎ LINH
vii
MӨC LӨC
LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1 ................................................................................................................... iv
7Ï07ҲT .......................................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... vi
LӠ,&$0Ĉ2$1............................................................................................................. vii
DANH MӨC BҦNG BIӆU .............................................................................................. xi
DANH MӨ&+Î1+9Ӏ.................................................................................................. xiii
'$1+6È&+7+8ҰT NGӲ 9¬7Ӯ VIӂT TҲT ........................................................ xv
GIӞI THIӊU ............................................................................................... 1
1.1.
/é'2+Î1+7+¬1+Ĉӄ 7¬, ......................................................................... 1
1.2.
MӨ&7,Ç8Ĉӄ 7¬,............................................................................................. 2
1.3.
MӨ&7,Ç81*+,Ç1&ӬU ................................................................................ 2
1.4.
PHҤ09,9¬*,ӞI HҤN LUҰ19Ă1 ............................................................. 2
1.5.
CҨ875Ò&/8Ұ19Ă1..................................................................................... 2
&Ѫ6Ӣ /é7+8<ӂ79¬3+ѬѪ1*3+È3/8ҰN ............................... 4
2.1.
&Ѫ6Ӣ /é7+8<ӂT ........................................................................................... 4
2.1.1.
Sҧn xuҩt tinh gӑn (Lean Manufacturing) ............................................................... 4
2.1.2.
Lӏch sӱ SKiWWULӇn sҧn xuҩt tinh gӑn ....................................................................... 7
2.1.2.1.
HӋ thӕng sҧn xuҩt Toyota (Toyota Production System) .................................... 7
2.1.2.2.
Sҧn xuҩt tinh gӑn (Lean Manufacturing) ............................................................ 9
2.1.3.
LӧLtFKFӫa viӋFiSGөng Lean trong sҧn xuҩt ..................................................... 10
2.1.3.1.
Cҧi thiӋn thӡLJLDQÿiSӭQJÿӕi vӟL\rXFҫXNKiFKKjQJ ................................. 10
2.1.3.2.
Giҧm tӗn kho .................................................................................................... 11
2.1.3.3.
GiҧP\rXFҫu vӕQOѭXÿӝng .............................................................................. 11
2.1.3.4.
ĈѫQJLҧQKyDYjNLӇPVRiWEҵQJKuQKҧnh........................................................ 12
2.1.3.5.
Cҧi tiӃQQăQJVXҩt ............................................................................................. 12
2.1.3.6.
LӧLtFKWӯ viӋc vұQKjQK ................................................................................... 13
2.1.4.
NhӳQJUjRFҧn NKLiSGөng Lean ......................................................................... 13
2.1.4.1.
5jRFҧQÿӃn tӯ FiFFҩSOmQKÿҥo....................................................................... 13
2.1.4.2.
5jRFҧQÿӃn tӯ QKkQYLrQ.................................................................................. 13
2.1.4.3.
5jRFҧQÿӃn tӯ YăQKyDGRDQKQJKLӋp .............................................................. 13
viii
2.1.4.4.
2.1.5.
5jRFҧQÿӃn tӯ hoҥWÿӝQJÿROѭӡng .................................................................. 13
&iFORҥLOmQJSKtWURQJ/HDQ ................................................................................ 14
2.1.5.1.
/mQJSKtGRVҧn xuҩt thӯa................................................................................. 15
2.1.5.2.
/mQJSKtGRWӗn kho .......................................................................................... 15
2.1.5.3.
/mQJSKtGRYұn chuyӇn.................................................................................... 16
2.1.5.4.
/mQJSKtGRNKuyӃt tұt sҧn xuҩt ........................................................................ 16
2.1.5.5.
/mQJSKtGRJLDF{QJ ........................................................................................ 17
2.1.5.6.
/mQJSKtGRGLFKX\Ӈn ...................................................................................... 17
2.1.5.7.
/mQJSKtGRWKӡi gian rӛi .................................................................................. 18
2.1.6.
5S ......................................................................................................................... 18
2.1.7.
HӋ thӕQJNpR ........................................................................................................ 20
2.1.8.
&iFF{QJFө hӛ trӧ ............................................................................................... 20
2.1.8.1.
/ѭXÿӗ ............................................................................................................... 20
2.1.8.2.
BiӇXÿӗ Pareto .................................................................................................. 21
2.1.8.3.
BiӇXÿӗ [ѭѫQJFi .............................................................................................. 21
2.1.8.4.
GiҧQÿӗ 1Jѭӡi ± 0i\ 2SHUDWRU± Machine Charts) ....................................... 23
2.2.
3+ѬѪ1*3+È3/8ҰN.................................................................................... 24
2.3.
&È&1*+,Ç1&ӬU Vӄ LEAN ....................................................................... 26
3+Æ17Ë&+ĈӔ,7ѬӦ1*1*+,Ç1&ӬU ......................................... 33
3.1.
&Ð1*7<6ҦN XUҨ7%$2%Î1+ӴA .......................................................... 33
3.1.1.
&ѫFҩu tә chӭc ..................................................................................................... 33
3.1.2.
/ƭQKYӵc kinh doanh ............................................................................................ 34
3.1.3.
4X\WUuQKVҧn xuҩW%DREuWKjQKSKҭm................................................................. 36
3.2.
1+¬0È<&+ӂ BҦN ....................................................................................... 38
3.3.
48<75Î1+6ҦN XUҨT TRӨC IN ............................................................... 40
3.4.
SҦ1/ѬӦNG TRӨC TҤI NMCB .................................................................... 46
3.5.
CHҨ7/ѬӦNG TRӨC IN ................................................................................ 48
3.5.1.
ChҩWOѭӧng nӝi bӝ................................................................................................. 48
3.5.2.
ChҩWOѭӧng trөFLQWKjQKSKҭm ............................................................................ 49
3.6.
;È&Ĉӎ1+/1*3+Ë ..................................................................................... 57
THӴC HIӊN CҦI TIӂN.......................................................................... 62
ix
4.1.
TRIӆ1.+$,&È&&ҦI TIӂN ........................................................................ 62
4.1.1.
TriӇQNKDLiSGөng 5S .......................................................................................... 62
4.1.2.
Bә VXQJEjQNLӇPO}LVҳt ...................................................................................... 72
4.1.3.
KiӇPVRiWWKӭ tӵ JLDF{QJ .................................................................................... 74
4.1.4.
7KD\ÿәL[Hÿҭy sӱ dөng trong khu vӵc sҧn xuҩt ................................................ 76
4.1.5.
Sҳp xӃSQKkQVӵ tҥi bӝ phұn in thӱ ...................................................................... 77
4.1.6.
Cҧi thiӋn chҩWOѭӧng trөc in.................................................................................. 80
4.1.6.1.
KiӇPVRiWFiFWK{QJVӕ kӻ thuұt ....................................................................... 83
4.1.6.2.
;k\Gӵng thӡLJLDQWLrXFKXҭn.......................................................................... 85
KӂT QUҦ THӴC HIӊ19¬.ӂT LUҰN ............................................. 94
5.1.
KӂT QUҦ THӴC HIӊN ................................................................................... 94
5.1.1.
.K{QJJLDQQKj[ѭӣng ......................................................................................... 94
5.1.2.
Loҥi bӓ OmQJSKt ................................................................................................... 94
5.1.3.
SҧQOѭӧng trөc in .................................................................................................. 94
5.1.4.
Thӡi gian chu kǤ .................................................................................................. 96
5.1.5.
ChҩWOѭӧng trөc in ................................................................................................ 99
5.2.
KӂT LUҰN ....................................................................................................... 102
5.3.
KIӂN NGHӎ ...................................................................................................... 103
7¬,/,ӊU THAM KHҦO............................................................................................. 104
PHӨ LӨC A: THӠI GIAN CHU Kǣ TRӨ&,11Ă0 ..................................... 106
PHӨ LӨC B: KHҦ26È77+ӠI GIAN ..................................................................... 134
x
DANH MӨC BҦNG BIӆU
Bҧng 2.1 Sҧn xuҩWWKHR/HDQYj6ҧn xuҩt truyӅn thӕng ..................................................... 5
Bҧng 2.2 3KkQ[ѭӣQJ/HDQYj3KkQ[ѭӣng truyӅn thӕng .................................................. 6
Bҧng 2.3 /mQJSKtGRVҧn xuҩt thӯa .................................................................................. 15
Bҧng 2.4 /mQJSKtGRWӗn kho ........................................................................................... 16
Bҧng 2.5 /mQJSKtGRYұn chuyӇn..................................................................................... 16
Bҧng 2.6 /mQJSKtGRNKX\Ӄt tұt sҧn xuҩt ......................................................................... 17
Bҧng 2.7 /mQJSKtGRJLDF{QJ ......................................................................................... 17
Bҧng 2.8 /mQJSKtGRGLFKX\Ӈn ....................................................................................... 18
Bҧng 2.9 /mQJSKtGRWKӡi gian rӛi ................................................................................... 18
Bҧng 2.10 5S ..................................................................................................................... 19
Bҧng 2.11 4X\WUuQKWKӵc hiӋQQJKLrQFӭu ....................................................................... 25
Bҧng 2.12 &iFORҥLOmQJSKtYjF{QJFө sӱ dөng loҥi bӓ OmQJSKt .................................... 29
Bҧng 3.1 0{Wҧ TX\WUuQKVҧn xuҩWEDREuQKӵa ................................................................ 37
Bҧng 3.2 0{Wҧ TX\WUuQKVҧn xuҩt trөc in ......................................................................... 41
Bҧng 3.3 ChӃ bҧn trөc in ................................................................................................... 43
Bҧng 3.4 SҧQOѭӧng Trөc mӟLYj7Uөc redo ..................................................................... 44
Bҧng 3.5 ThӕQJNrVҧQOѭӧQJWKiQJQăPWҥi NMCB.......................................... 46
Bҧng 3.6 Tәng kӃt sҧQOѭӧng trөFQăP .................................................................... 47
Bҧng 3.7 Bӝ phұQSKiWKLӋn lӛi ......................................................................................... 48
Bҧng 3.8 ThӕQJNrWUөF1&QăP ............................................................................. 49
Bҧng 3.9 %QJX\rQYұt liӋu do NC trөc in ...................................................................... 51
Bҧng 3.10 Thӕng NrQJX\rQQKkQJk\Oӛi trөc ................................................................. 51
Bҧng 3.11 0{Wҧ lӛi trөc ................................................................................................... 54
Bҧng 3.12 7KDQJÿRPӭFÿӝ OmQJSKt ............................................................................... 57
Bҧng 3.13 Danh mөFWuPNLӃPOmQJSKtNKkX.LӇm sҳWYjÿiQKEyQJ............................. 58
Bҧng 3.14 Danh mөFWuPNLӃPOmQJSKtNKkX0ҥ ............................................................ 59
Bҧng 3.15 Danh mөFWuPNLӃPOmQJSKtNKkX.Kҳc ......................................................... 60
Bҧng 3.16 Danh mөc tuPNLӃPOmQJSKtNKkX,QWKӱ ........................................................ 60
Bҧng 3.17 7yPWҳt hiӋn trҥng............................................................................................ 61
Bҧng 4.1 7LrXFKtVjQJOӑFEDQÿҫu .................................................................................. 63
xi
Bҧng 4.2 BҧQJTX\ÿәi diӋQWtFKWKHRÿѭӡQJNtQKWUөc .................................................... 75
Bҧng 4.3 NhiӋm vө tҥi bӝ phұn In thӱ .............................................................................. 77
Bҧng 4.4 GiҧQÿӗ 1Jѭӡi ± 0i\ &{QJQKkQSKDPӵc) .................................................... 78
Bҧng 4.5 Dӳ liӋu KhҧRViWWKӡi gian vӋ sinh trөFWUѭӟc mҥ .............................................. 86
Bҧng 4.6 Sӕ TXDQViWÿӅ nghӏ ............................................................................................ 87
Bҧng 4.7 Sӕ lҫn thӵc hiӋQTXDQViW ................................................................................... 87
Bҧng 4.8 Thӡi gian chuҭn F{QJWiFYӋ sinh trөc sau mҥ ................................................... 88
Bҧng 4.9 ThӡLJLDQWLrXFKXҭQF{QJÿRҥn vӋ sinh trөc sau mҥ......................................... 89
Bҧng 4.10 BҧQJKѭӟng dүn vӋ sinh trөc ........................................................................... 90
Bҧng 5.1 ThӕQJNrVҧQOѭӧQJWKiQJÿҫXQăP ....................................................... 95
Bҧng 5.2 Tәng kӃt sҧQOѭӧng trөFWKiQJÿҫXQăP ................................................ 95
Bҧng 5.3 6RViQKVҧQOѭӧQJQăPYjQăP ....................................................... 96
Bҧng 5.4 ThӕQJNrVӕ Oѭӧng lӛi trөFLQWKiQJ .................................................... 99
Bҧng 5.5 Bӝ phұQSKiWKLӋn lӛi ......................................................................................... 99
Bҧng 5.6 ChҩWOѭӧng trөc in nӝi bӝ QăPYjWKiQJQăP ........................... 100
Bҧng 5.7 ThӕQJNrWUөF1&WKiQJÿҫXQăP ........................................................ 100
Bҧng 5.8 %QJX\rQYұt liӋu do NC trөFLQWKiQJQăP ...................................... 101
Bҧng 5.9 %QJX\rQOLӋu NC trөFLQQăPYjQăP ........................................ 101
Bҧng 5.10 ThӕQJNrQJX\rQQKkQJk\Oӛi trөF1&WKiQJ................................. 101
Bҧng 5.11 Tәng kӃWWUѭӟFYjVDXFҧi tiӃn........................................................................ 103
xii
DANH MӨ&+Î1+9Ӏ
+uQK %jLWRiQFҳt giҧPFKLSKt ..................................................................................... 5
+uQK 1J{LQKjWLQKJӑn ................................................................................................ 7
+uQK 0{KuQK3FӫD3KѭѫQJ thӭc Toyota .................................................................. 9
+uQK &iFKRҥWÿӝQJWURQJTXiWUuQKVҧn xuҩt ............................................................. 14
+uQK 9tGө BiӇXÿӗ [ѭѫQJFi ..................................................................................... 22
+uQK 9tGө GiҧQÿӗ 1Jѭӡi - 0i\ ............................................................................... 23
+uQK 4X\WUuQKWKӵc hiӋQQJKLrQFӭu ......................................................................... 24
+uQK CҩXWU~FFӫa LPS ............................................................................................... 28
+uQK Lӝ WUuQKWKӵc hiӋn sҧn xuҩt theo Lean ............................................................... 31
+uQK &ѫFҩu tә chӭc ................................................................................................... 33
+uQK &{QJQJKӋ in ӕQJÿӗng ...................................................................................... 34
+uQK %DREuFKҩt tҭy rӱa ............................................................................................. 35
+uQK %DREuWKӵc phҭm ............................................................................................... 35
+uQK &iFVҧn phҭPNKiF ............................................................................................ 35
+uQK 4X\WUuQKVҧn xuҩWEDREuQKӵa .......................................................................... 36
+uQK 6ѫÿӗ tә chӭc NMCB......................................................................................... 38
+uQK 6ѫÿӗ mһt bҵng NMCB...................................................................................... 39
+uQK 4X\WUuQKVҧn xuҩt trөc in .................................................................................. 40
+uQK ThӕQJNrVҧQOѭӧng giao trөc NMCB.............................................................. 47
+uQK ThӕQJNrWUөF1&QăP............................................................................ 50
+uQK ThӕQJNrQJX\rQQKkQJk\Oӛi trөc ................................................................. 53
+uQK 0jQJLQOrQVѭѫQJP ..................................................................................... 54
+uQK 0jQJLQOrQNK{QJÿӅXPjXGRWUөc mӓng ...................................................... 55
+uQK TrөFLQFyGҩXOjPOrQPjXӣ vӏ WUtNK{QJNKҳc .............................................. 55
+uQK Lӟp crom cӫa trөc trҳng bӏ ERQJWURQJTXiWUuQKVҧn xuҩt .............................. 56
+uQK Ĉҫu trөc bӏ bung .............................................................................................. 56
+uQK 4.1 Eѭӟc triӇn khai thӵc hiӋn 5S ........................................................................... 62
+uQK VӋ VLQKVjQQKj .................................................................................................. 64
+uQK 6ѫQPӟLVjQQKj ................................................................................................. 64
xiii
+uQK VӋ VLQKYj6ҳp xӃSEjQpha mӵc ± In thӱ ......................................................... 65
+uQK VӋ VLQKPi\LQWKӱ - In thӱ ................................................................................ 65
+uQK Sҳp xӃSYjĈӏnh vӏ khu vӵFPjQJLQ± In thӱ ................................................... 66
+uQK Ĉӏnh vӏ khu vӵc trөFWKjQKSKҭm ± 3KzQJNKҳc................................................ 66
+uQK 3KkQFKLDNKXYӵFYjĈӏnh dҥng chu vi trөc ± 3KzQJNKҳc .............................. 67
+uQK Xҧ bӇ, vӋ VLQKPi\Pҥ - 3KzQJPҥ ................................................................... 67
+uQK BҧQJÿiQKJLiWKӵc hiӋn 5S tҥL3KzQJPҥ ....................................................... 69
+uQK BҧQJÿiQKJLiWKӵc hiӋn 5S tҥi In thӱ ............................................................. 70
+uQK BҧQJÿiQKJLiWKӵc hiӋn 5S tҥL3KzQJNKҳc .................................................... 71
+uQK LҳSÿһWEjQNLӇPO}LVҳt ngay cӱD[ѭӣng ........................................................ 73
+uQK Bә VXQJEjQNLӇm sҳt ngay cӱD[ѭӣng ............................................................ 74
+uQK ;Hÿҭy loҥi lӟn ................................................................................................. 76
+uQK ;Hÿҭy loҥi nhӓ ................................................................................................ 77
+uQK 4X\WUuQK,QWKӱ ............................................................................................... 78
+uQK BiӇXÿӗ [ѭѫQJFiOӛi 6ѭѫQJP ...................................................................... 80
+uQK BiӇXÿӗ [ѭѫQJFiOӛi Mӓng ............................................................................. 81
+uQK BiӇXÿӗ [ѭѫQJFiOӛi Dҩu ................................................................................ 81
+uQK BiӇXÿӗ [ѭѫQJFiOӛi Nә crom ......................................................................... 82
+uQK BiӇXÿӗ [ѭѫQJFiOӛL%XQJÿҫu ....................................................................... 82
+uQK 7K{QJVӕ kӻ thuұt mҥ Ĉӗng tҥLSKzQJPҥ ....................................................... 83
+uQK 7K{QJVӕ kӻ thuұt mҥ Crom tҥLSKzQJPҥ ...................................................... 84
+uQK PhiӃu kiӇPWUDWK{QJVӕ kӻ thuұt ..................................................................... 84
+uQK &{QJQKkQYӋ sinh trөc mҥ .............................................................................. 85
+uQK Thӡi gian chu kǤ WKiQJQăP ................................................................ 99
+uQK ThӕQJNrWUөF1&WKiQJQăP ............................................................... 100
xiv
'$1+6È&+7+8ҰT NGӲ 9¬7Ӯ VIӂT TҲT
NMCB
1KjPi\&KӃ bҧn
NMIN
1KjPi\LQ
NMG
1KjPi\JKpS
NMCT
1KjPi\&XӝQW~L
TPS
Toyota Production System ± HӋ thӕng sҧn xuҩt Toyota
JIT
Just-in-time
VSM
Value Stream Mapping ± 6ѫÿӗ chuӛLJLiWUӏ
TPM
Total Productive Maintenance ± BҧRWUuWKLӃt bӏ tәng thӇ
R&D
Research & Development ± 1JKLrQFӭXYj3KiWWULӇn
LPS
Lean Production System ± HӋ thӕng sҧn xuҩt tinh gӑn
LM
Lean Manufacturing ± Sҧn xuҩt theo Lean
VA
Value Added
NVA
Non ± Value Added
SOP
Standard Operating Procedure
xv
&K˱˯QJ*Lͣi thi͏u
GIӞI THIӊU
1.1.
/é'2+Î1+7+¬1+Ĉӄ 7¬,
ĈӏQKKѭӟQJNKiFKKjQJOjFӕWO}LTX\ӃWÿӏQKÿӃQWKjQKF{QJFӫa mӝt doanh nghiӋp, vuYұy
ÿӏQKKѭӟQJNKiFKKjQJSKҧLÿѭӧc phә biӃQWURQJWRjQEӝ tә chӭc, phҧLÿѭӧc hiӇXYjÿӗng
bӝ vӟi tӯQJFiQKkQWKXӝc tә chӭc, bҳWÿҫu tӯ QăP 'XFNHUÿmFKRUҵQJOêGRGX\QKҩt
ÿӇ doanh nghiӋp tӗn tҥLOjÿҥWÿѭӧc lӧi nhuұQWK{QJTXDFiFFҧi tiӃQYjOjPKjLOzQJNKiFK
KjQJ>@9jWҩt cҧ FiFKRҥWÿӝng sҧn xuҩt kinh doanh cӫa doanh nghiӋp bҳt buӝc phҧi xoay
quanh mӝWWkPGX\QKҩt ± NKiFKKjQJ.KiFKKjQJTXDQWkPÿӃQ JLiFҧ, mүXPmFKҩt
Oѭӧng, thӡLJLDQJLDRKjQJYjFҧ nhӳQJ\rXFҫu vӅ dӏch vө hұXPmL vӅ F{QJQJKӋ«Yj
doanh nghiӋp cҫn phҧLÿiSӭng tҩt cҧÿһc biӋt trong bӕi cҧnh cҥQKWUDQKQKѭKLӋn tҥLWKu
FkX³.KiFKKjQJOj7KѭӧQJÿӃ´WUӣ QrQFKtQK[iFYjSKҧQiQKYӯDÿӫ nhӳQJJuGRDQK
nghiӋp cҫQOjP9jGRDQKQJKLӋSÿmOjPÿѭӧFJu"1JKLrQFӭu cӫa TrXQJWkPQJKLrQFӭu
F{QJQJKӋ tinh gӑn (Lean Enterprise Research Cente) chӍ ra rҵQJFyÿӃn 60% nhӳng hoҥt
ÿӝng sҧn xuҩWWURQJTXiWUuQKYұQKjQKOjOmQJSKt± tӭFOjNK{QJWăQJWKrPEҩt kǤ JLiWUӏ
QjRFKRNKiFKKjQJ 7URQJVҧn xuҩt truyӅn thӕQJ&KLSKt /ӧi nhuұQ *Li EiQWX\
QKLrQWURQJWKӏ WUѭӡng cҥnh tranh hiӋn tҥi, Lӧi nhuұQ *LiEiQ± &KLSKtYjKjQKÿӝng cҫn
OjPOjTXҧQOêFKLSKtFKLSKtWURQJWUѭӡng hӧSQj\ÿѭӧc hiӇXOjOmQJSKtWҩt cҧ FiFORҥi
OmQJSKtÿӅXOjPөFWLrXFӫa viӋc loҥi bӓFic hoҥWÿӝQJJk\OmQJSKtOjTXiQKLӅXOj
ÿӕL Wѭӧng cҫn phҧL ÿѭӧc loҥi bӓ ra khӓi hӋ thӕng sҧn xuҩW &K~QJ WD PD\ PҳQ Fy Pӝt
SKѭѫQJWKXӕFÿҫy hiӋu nghiӋm: sҧn xuҩWWKHR/HDQ FzQJӑLOjVҧn xuҩt tinh gӑQ ÿӇ giҧi
quyӃt vҩQÿӅ Qj\/HDQJL~SÿӏQKU}KRҥWÿӝQJQjROjWҥRUDJLiWUӏ, sҳp xӃSFiFFKXӛLFiF
hoҥWÿӝng sao cho tҥRUDJLiWUӏ tӕt nhҩt, tiӃQKjQKTXҧQOêÿӇ NK{QJ[ҧy ra bҩt kǤ JLiQÿRҥn
QjRWURQJYLӋFÿiSӭng nhu cҫXNKiFKKjQJ>@
Sҧn xuҩt tinh gӑQ /HDQ 0DQXIDFWXULQJ Oj ÿѭӧF [HP Oj YăQ KyD /L[La & Bo, 2010;
$QJHOLV OjWULӃWOê %KDVLQ %XUFKHU OjFҧi tiӃn (Melton, 2005) ± xuҩt hiӋn
tӯ nhӳQJQăP YjVDXÿySKiWWULӇn mҥnh mӁ ӣ Nhұt Bҧn sau ThӃ chiӃn thӭ II vӟLWrQ
gӑL³+Ӌ thӕng sҧn xuҩW7R\RWD´ 7R\RWD3URGXFWLRQ6\VWHP /HDQNK{QJFKӍ tұp trung
loҥi bӓ OmQJSKtYjQKӳng hoҥWÿӝQJNK{QJOjPJLDWăQJJLiWUӏ PjFzQJLҧm thӡi gian chu
kǤ, thӡLJLDQJLDRKjQJWӯ ÿyJL~SGRDQKQJKLӋSJLjQKÿѭӧc lӧi thӃ cҥQKWUDQKYjSKҧn
ӭng nhanh vӟi nhӳQJ \rX Fҫu cӫa thӏ WUѭӡng (Alukal, 2003; Albliwi, Antony and Lim,
2015). Khӣi nguӗn tӯ QJjQKF{QJQJKLӋS{W{/HDQGҫn mӣ rӝng sӭc ҧQKKѭӣng cӫDQy
VDQJFiFQJjQKF{QJQJKLӋp sҧn xuҩWNKiFFiFQJjQKGӏch vө YjNLQKWӃ F{QJ %DOODUG
7RPPHOHLQ 9jKLӋn tҥL/HDQOjWLrXFKXҭQWRjQFҫu cӫa hӋ thӕng sҧn xuҩt ӣ thӃ kӹ
XXI (Berggren, 1993) [3]. Lean giҧi quyӃWÿѭӧc mӝt thӭ ÿѭӧF[HPOjWӗi tӋ nhҩWÿӕi vӟi
doanh nghiӋp ± OmQJSKtEӣLQJX\rQOêFѫEҧn cӫD/HDQFKtQKOjOLrQWөc loҥi bӓ OmQJSKt
7 loҥLOmQJSKtÿѭӧFÿӅ cұp trong Lean bao gӗm: Sҧn xuҩt thӯa, TӗQNKR*LDF{QJWKӯa,
Vұn chuyӇn, Chӡ ÿӧi, Di chuyӇn, ChҩWOѭӧQJNpP
1KjPi\&KӃ bҧQ 10&% OjWURQJQKjPi\WKXӝFTX\WUuQKVҧn xuҩWEDREuQKӵa, trӵc
tiӃp nhұQWK{QJWLQWKLӃt kӃ tӯ NKiFKKjQJYjFKӃ bҧn trөc in, trөFLQVDXÿyVӁ ÿѭӧc chuyӇn
TXD1KjPi\LQ 10,1 LQWUrQPjQJQKӵa bҵQJF{QJQJKӋ in ӕQJÿӗQJ10&%OjQKj
1
&K˱˯QJ*Lͣi thi͏u
Pi\ÿһFWUѭQJJҫQQKѭFyWKӇ OjPUDPӝt sҧn phҭPEDREuKRjQFKӍQKYjFNJQJOjQKjPi\
sӱ dөng nhiӅXQKkQF{QJQKҩWGRFzQFyQKLӅXPi\PyFEiQWӵ ÿӝQJYjQKLӅXF{QJÿoҥn
JLDF{QJFѫNKtÿzLKӓi thӡLJLDQYjNӻ QăQJFӫDQJѭӡLF{QJQKkQ+LӋn tҥi, sҧQOѭӧng
NMCB chӍ ÿҥt 76.7% so vӟi cam kӃt, tӹ lӋ ÿiSӭQJWUXQJEuQKOj FzQOҥi
phҧLJLDF{QJWӯ FiFQKjFXQJFҩp trөc in, tӹ lӋ lӛi nӝi bӝ WUXQJEuQKYjWӹ lӋ lӛi trөc
WKjQKSKҭPOj WKHRGӳ liӋu thӕQJNrWKiQJÿҫXQăPQăP FQJYӟLTXi
WUuQKOjPYLӋc trӵc tiӃp tҥLQKjPi\WiFJLҧ nhұn thҩ\FyQKLӅu vҩQÿӅ OmQJSKtFzQWӗn tҥi
cӝng vӟi nhӳng phҧn hӗi vӅ chҩWOѭӧng trөc in tӯ NKiFKKjQJFӫa NMCB - 10,1YjQKұn
ÿѭӧc sӵ ÿӗQJêWӯ %DQJLiPÿӕFQKjPi\WiFJLҧ tiӃQKjQKWKӵc hiӋQÿӅ WjL³1JKLrQFӭu
ӭng dөQJF{QJQJKӋ tinh gӑn nhҵPQkQJFDRKLӋu quҧ hoҥWÿӝQJYjFKҩWOѭӧng trөc in tҥi
1KjPi\&KӃ bҧQ´
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
MӨ&7,Ç8Ĉӄ 7¬,
1JKLrQFӭu ӭng dөQJF{QJQJKӋ tinh gӑQYjRTXiWUuQKVҧn xuҩt trөc in tҥi NMCB
Nhұn diӋQFiFOmQJSKtWӗn tҥLWURQJTXiWUuQKVҧn xuҩt, thӵc hiӋQFiFFҧi tiӃn loҥi
bӓ FiFOmQJSKt
MӨ&7,Ç81*+,Ç1&ӬU
7ăQJVҧQOѭӧng trөFLQOrQVRYӟi hiӋn tҥi
Giҧm thӡi gian chu kǤ tӯ QJj\[XӕQJFzQQJj\
Giҧm tӹ lӋ phӃ phҭPYjSKҧn hӗi chҩWOѭӧng
PHҤ09,9¬*,ӞI HҤN LUҰ19Ă1
Thӡi gian thӵc hiӋn: TKiQJÿӃQWKiQJ
.K{QJJLDQ 1KjPi\&KӃ bҧn ± &{QJW\Vҧn xuҩWEDREuQKӵa
Sҧn phҭm: Trөc in
CҨ875Ò&/8Ұ19Ă1
LuұQYăQÿѭӧc tә chӭc theo FKѭѫQJ
-
-
-
&KѭѫQJ *,ӞI THIӊU
TәQJTXDQ/êGRKuQKWKjQKÿӅ WjL0өFWLrXÿӅ WjL0өFWLrXQJKLrQFӭXYj&ҩu
WU~FOXұQYăQ
&KѭѫQJ &Ѫ6Ӣ /é7+8<ӂ79¬3+ѬѪ1*3+È3/8ҰN
7uPKLӇX&iFOêWKX\ӃWOLrQTXDQÿӃQ/HDQ&iFF{QJFө sӱ dөQJWURQJ/HDQ&iF
QJKLrQcӭu vӅ /HDQYjӭng dөng Lean trong sҧn xuҩt
4X\WUuQKWKӵc hiӋQQJKLrQFӭX&iFF{QJFө hӛ trӧ
&KѭѫQJ 3+Æ17Ë&+ĈӔ,7ѬӦ1*1*+,Ç1&ӬU
Giӟi thiӋXÿӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭu, Thӵc trҥQJTXiWUuQKVҧn xuҩt
&KѭѫQJ 7+ӴC HIӊN CҦI TIӂN
2
&K˱˯QJ*Lͣi thi͏u
-
Sӱ dөQJFiFF{QJFө tinh gӑn tiӃQKjQKFiFELӋQSKiSFҧi tiӃn nҵPQkQJFDRKLӋu
quҧ hoҥWÿӝng cӫDQKjPi\WKHRG}LWKӵc hiӋQYjJKLQKұQFiFNӃt quҧ sau cҧi tiӃn
&KѭѫQJ .ӂT QUҦ THӴC HIӊ19¬.ӂT LUҰN
KӃt quҧ thӵc hiӋn cҧi tiӃQYj.Ӄt luұn
3
&K˱˯QJ&˯Vͧ OêWKX\͇WYj3K˱˯QJSKiSOX̵n
&Ѫ6Ӣ /é7+8<ӂ79¬3+ѬѪ1*3+È3/8ҰN
2.1.
&Ѫ6Ӣ /é7+8<ӂT
2.1.1. Sҧn xuҩt tinh gӑn (Lean Manufacturing)
Sҧn xuҩt tinh gӑQ /HDQ0DQXIDFWXULQJ FKtQKOjWҥo ra nhiӅXKѫQJLiWUӏ KѫQYӟLtWKѫQ
nӛ lӵc cӫDFRQQJѭӡLPi\PyFWKLӃt bӏ, thӡLJLDQYjNK{QJJLDQWLӃn tӟi cung cҩp cho
NKiFKKjQJPӝWFiFKFKtQK[iFYjNӏp thӡi nhӳQJJuKӑ mong muӕn, tӭFOjPDQJÿӃQJLi
trӏ cao nhҩWFKRNKiFKKjQJ>@
7UѭӟFÿk\FiFF{QJW\[iFÿӏQKJLiEiQEҵQJF{QJWKӭc:
&KLSKt/ͫi nhu̵Q *LiEiQ
(2.1)
DӵDWUrQF{QJWKӭc 2.1 bӝ phұn kӃ WRiQVӁ [iFÿӏQKFKLSKtGӵDWUrQFiFQJX\rQWҳc kӃ WRiQ
FKLSKtYjWKrPYjROӧi nhuұQWUXQJEuQKFӫDQJjQKÿӇ [iFÿӏQKJLiEiQJLiEiQQj\Eӓ
TXDNKiFKKjQJ± nhӳQJQJѭӡi trӵc tiӃp trҧ tiӅn cho sҧn phҭm.
&{QJWKӭc 2.1 hiӋQÿmNK{QJFzQSKKӧSF{QJWKӭc mӟLÿDQJÿѭӧc thay thӃ ÿӇ sӱ dөng
nKѭVDX
*LiEiQ± &KLSKt /ͫi nhu̵n
(2.2)
+uQKErQGѭӟi thӇ hiӋQU}EjLWRiQFҳt giҧPFKLSKtWURQJEӕi cҧnh cҥnh tranh hiӋn tҥi:
trong hҫu hӃWFiFQJjQKF{QJQJKLӋSJLiEiQOjFӕ ÿӏnh (thұPFKtVӁ giҧm dҫn theo thӡi
gian) ± )L[HG3ULFHNKiFKKjQJWUӣ QrQTX\Ӆn lӵFKѫQFyQKLӅu sӵ lӵa chӑQKѫQNKiFK
KjQJ\rXFҫXFiFVҧn phҭm chҩWOѭӧng tӕWKѫQYӟi mӝt mӭFJLiKӧSOêKѫQ7URQJEӕi cҧnh
QKѭYұy, chӍ FyPӝWFKuDNKyDGX\QKҩWÿӇ WăQJOӧi nhuұn ± ÿyOjJLҧPFKLSKtFKLSKtFjQJ
nhӓ WKuOӧi nhuұn sӁ FjQJOӟQ9jF{QJWKӭFÿmFKӭQJPLQKÿѭӧc tҥLVDRQyOjF{QJ
thӭFQrQÿѭӧFiSGөQJ/jPVDRÿӇ cҳt giҧPFKLSKtPjYүn phҧLÿҧm bҧo chҩWOѭӧng sҧn
phҭm, vүQÿHPÿӃQFKRNKiFKKjQJQKLӅu sӵ lӵa chӑn? HӋ thӕng sҧn xuҩt Toyota (Toyota
Production System) giҧLEjLWRiQFKLSKtEҵQJFiFKµWҩQF{QJ´YjROmQJSKtWK{QJTXDYLӋc
WLrXFKXҭQKyDFiFKRҥWÿӝng cҧi tiӃQYjVӵ cam kӃt tham gia cӫa tҩt cҧ FiFWKjQKYLrQWURQJ
tә chӭc. [4].
4
&K˱˯QJ&˯Vͧ OêWKX\͇WYj3K˱˯QJSKiSOX̵n
+uQK2.1 %jLWRiQFҳt giҧm FKLSKt
(Ngu͛n: Pascal Dennis, 2015)
Vұy Sҧn xuҩt truyӅn thӕQJYj6ҧn xuҩWWKHR/HDQFyJuNKiFQKDX"3KkQ[ѭӣng truyӅn
thӕQJYj3KkQ[ѭӣQJ/HDQFyJuNKiFQKDX"6DXÿk\OjPӝt sӕ YtGө:
Bҧng 2.1 Sҧn xuҩt theo /HDQYj6ҧn xuҩt truyӅn thӕng
SҦN XUҨT TRUYӄN THӔNG
SҦN XUҨT THEO LEAN
/{KjQJOӟn
/{KjQJQKӓ
&KLSKtÿѫQYӏ lӟn
TәQJFKLSKtKӋ thӕng
/jPKӃt khҧ QăQJ
/jPYLӋc vӟi khҧ QăQJFҫn thiӃt
&KѭѫQJWUuQKFKһt chӁ
&KѭѫQJWUuQKOLQKKRҥt
Tӗn kho nhiӅu
Tӗn khRtWKRһFNK{QJWӗn kho
MӭFFKX\rQP{QKyDFDR
ĈjRWҥRÿDNӻ QăQJ
Chu kǤ sӕQJGjL
Chu kǤ sӕng ngҳn
(Ngu͛Q /ê%i7RjQ
Sҧn xuҩt truyӅn thӕng tұp trung sҧn xuҩWFiFO{KjQJFӥ lӟn, sҧn xuҩt hӃWF{QJVXҩt, hӃt khҧ
QăQJYӟLFKѭѫQJWUuQKFKһt chӁ YjPӭFÿӝ FKX\rQP{QKyDFDRVҧn phҭPFyFKXNǤ sӕng
GjLGүQÿӃn tӗn kho nhiӅXYjFKLSKtÿѫQYӏ lӟn. Trong khi sҧn xuҩt theo Lean sҧn xuҩt vӟi
5
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