Tài liệu Nghiên cứu sự liên quan giữa kiểu gen growth hormone và prolactin với khả năng sản xuất sữa của bò sữa ở thành phố hồ chí minh

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Em xin ÿһF ELӋW FKkQ WKjQK FiP ѫQ ÿӃQ 76 Chung $QK 'NJQJ 7Kҫ\ ÿm Oj QJѭӡLKѭӟQJGүQJL~SÿӥYjÿӗQJKjQKYѭӧWTXDQKӳQJNKyNKăQWURQJVXӕWTXi WUuQKOjPOXұQYăQ(P[LQFҧPѫQ&{3*676/r3KL1JDÿmWұQWuQKJySêJL~S ÿӥ HP WKӵF KLӋQ FXӕQ OXұQ YăQ 1KӳQJ NLQK QJKLӋP NLӃQ WKӭF FӫD 7Kҫ\ &{ ÿm WUX\ӅQÿҥWVӁWKHRHPÿLVXӕWFRQÿѭӡQJF{QJYLӋFVDXQj\ ;LQFҧPѫQFiFDQKchӏ ÿӗQJQJKLӋSӣ%ӝP{Q&{QJQJKӋ Sinh hӑc - ViӋn Khoa hӑc Kӻ thuұW1{QJQJKLӋp miӅQ1DPÿmJL~SÿӥW{L XiQFiPѫQJLDÿuQKÿmOX{QErn cҥnh W{L KiӃn thӭc hiӋn tҥi cӫDW{LFKѭDÿѭӧFKRjQWKLӋQGRÿyFyWKӇ FzQQKLӅu thiӃu VyW WURQJ TXi WUuQK WKӵc hiӋQ FNJQJ QKѭ YLӃW EjL /XұQ YăQ 7KҥF Vƭ 5ҩW PRQJ TXê Thҫy, &{WK{QJFҧPYjFKRJySêÿӇ ÿӅ WjLÿѭӧFKRjQWKLӋQKѫQ(P[LQFKkQWKjQK cҧm ѫQ TP. Hӗ &Kt 0LQKQJj\WKiQJ QăP \ iv 7Ï07Ҳ7 1JKLrQFӭXÿѭӧFWKӵFKLӋQÿӇ [iFÿӏnh sӵ OLrQTXDQJLӳa kiӇu gen Growth Hormone (GH)YjProlactin (PRL) vӟi khҧ QăQJVҧn xuҩt sӳa cӫa JLӕQJEzVӳD+) ĈDKuQKFӫDJHQGH QҵPӣWҥLYӏWUtQXFOHRWLGHWUrQH[RQYjJHQPRL QҵPӣ YӏWUtWҥLQXFOHRWLGHWUrQ exon 4. ĈӇWjLÿmWKXWKұS mүXO{QJFӫD100 FRQEz JLӕQJ Holstein Friesian (HF) ӣ 7KjQK SKӕ +ӗ &Kt 0LQK. KiӇu gen Growth Hormone (GHYjProlactin (PRLÿѭӧFSKkQWtFKEҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSPCR-RFLP YӟLHQ]\PHFҳWJLӟLKҥQWѭѫQJӭQJOҫQOѭӧWOjAluI, RsaI. 9ӟLNLӇXJHQGH-Alu,WҫQ VXҩW[XҩWKLӋQFӫDDOOHQ/OjYjDOOHQ9Oj0,31. 7ҫQVXҩW[XҩWKLӋQFӫDFiFNLӇX JHQ//-/9-99OҫQOѭӧWOj-Yj 9ӟLNLӇXJHQPRL/RsaI, WҫQVXҩWFӫD DOOHQ*OjYjDOOHQ$Oj7ҫQVXҩW[XҩWKLӋQFӫDFiFNLӇXJHQ**-*$$$OҫQOѭӧWOj-YjWѭѫQJӭQJ%ѭӟFÿҫXNӃWTXҧSKkQWtFKFKRWKҩ\ NLӇXJHQ GH/Alu±/9YjNLӇXJHQ Pro/Rsa,±$$ҧQKKѭӣQJWtFKFӵFOrQNKҧQăQJ VҧQ[XҩWVӳDӣÿjQEzVӳDNKҧRViW v ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the Grownth Hormone (GH) and Prolactin (PRL) genes in Holstein Friesian cows (HF) and their impacts on milk production. The gen polymorphism was localized in the exons 5 of the GH gene in position 2141 and was localized in the exons 4 of the PRL gene in position 8398. For these purposes, 100 HF dairy cows being lactation period in Ho Chi Minh city were sampled. The GH and PRL genotypes were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with restriction enzymes AluI, RsaI, respectively. With the GH/AluI genotype, the frequencies of alleles were as follows; L= 0.69 and V= 0.31. The frequencies of LL, LV and VV genotypes were 0.49, 0.40 and 0.11; respectively. With the PRL/RsaI genotype, the frequencies of alleles were as follows; G= 0.655 and A= 0.345. The frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes were 0.43, 0.45 and 0.12; respectively. The results showed that the positive impacts on milk production were obtained by cows with the genotype GH/AluI±LV and genotype Pro/RsaI±AA compared to others. vi LӠ,&$0Ĉ2$1 7{L FDP ÿRDQ ÿk\ Oj F{QJ WUuQK QJKLrQ Fӭu cӫD W{L&iF Vӕ liӋX Yj NӃt quҧ QrXWURQJOXұQYăQOjWUXQJWKӵFYjFKѭDtӯQJÿѭӧFF{QJEӕ WURQJF{QJWUuQKQjR NKiF HӑFYLrQ +RjQJ1JӑF0LQK vii 0Ө&/Ө& '$1+6È&+0Ө&&È&&+Ӳ9,ӂT TҲT..............................................................x '$1+6È&+&È&%ҦNG ...................................................................................... xi '$1+0Ө&+Î1+ ................................................................................................. xii MӢ ĈҪU .....................................................................................................................1 1. 7tQKFҩp thiӃt cӫDÿӅ WjL .................................................................................................... 1 2. MөFWLrXQJKLrQFӭu.......................................................................................................... 2 &+ѬѪ1*7Ә1*48$17¬,/,ӊU..................................................................3 1.1 6ѫOѭӧc vӅ giӕQJEzVӳa ................................................................................................. 3 1.1.1 ĈһFÿLӇm vӅ giӕQJEzVӳa Holstein Friesian...............................................3 1.1.2 7uQKKuQKVҧn xuҩt sӳa ӣ ViӋW1DPYj7S+&0 ........................................3 1.2 ҦQKKѭӣng cӫa mӝt sӕ JHQOrQNKҧ QăQJVҧn xuҩt cӫDEzVӳa..............................4 1.2.1 Gen growth hormone ................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1.1 CҩXWU~FJHQGH ....................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1.2 &ѫFKӃ WiFÿӝng cӫDKRUPRQHWăQJWUѭӣQJ*+OrQNKҧ QăQJVҧn xuҩt sӳa ...... 5 1.2.1.3 &iFQJKLrQFӭXYӅVӵ OLrQTXDQFyêQJKƭDJLӳDWtQKÿDKuQKFӫa gen hormone WăQJWUѭӣQJEzVӳDYjELӇu hiӋn tiӃt sӳa. ............................................................................. 7 1.2.2 Gen prolactin ................................................................................................................ 9 1.2.2.1 CҩXWU~FJHQprolactin ............................................................................9 1.2.2.2 &ѫFKӃ WiFÿӝng cӫDKRUPRQHSURODFWLQOrQNKҧ QăQJVҧn xuҩt sӳa .....10 1.2.2.3 &iFQJKLrQFӭXYӅVӵ OLrQTXDQFyêQJKƭDJLӳa ttQKÿDKuQKFӫa gen PRL EzVӳDYjELӇu hiӋn tiӃt sӳa. .......................................................................14 &+ѬѪ1*9Ұ7/,ӊ89¬3+ѬѪ1*3+È31*+,Ç1&ӬU ......................16 2.1 ĈӏDÿLӇPQJKLrQFӭX ..................................................................................................... 16 2.2 9ұWOLӋXKyDFKҩWWKLӃWEӏ ............................................................................................. 16 2.2.1 ĈӕLWѭӧQJWKtQJKLӋP ................................................................................16 2.2.2 +yDFKҩW .....................................................................................................16 2.2.3 7UDQJWKLӃWEӏ .............................................................................................16 2.3 6ѫÿӗ QJKLrQFӭu ........................................................................................................... 18 viii 2.4 &iFSKѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭX ...................................................................................... 19 2.4.1 3KѭѫQJSKiSWKXWKұSPүXSKkQWtFKNLӇXJHQ .........................................19 2.4.2 3KѭѫQJSKiSSKkQWtFKNLӇu gen GH Yj PRL cӫDÿjQEzNKҧRViW ...........19 2.4.3 7uPVӵ WѭѫQJTXDQJLӳa kiӇXJHQYjNKҧ QăQJVҧn xuҩt sӳa ....................23 &+ѬѪ1*.ӂT QUҦ 9¬%,ӊN LUҰN ...........................................................25 3.1 3KkQWtFKNLӇu gen GH YjPRL cӫDÿjQEzNKҧRViW ................................................. 25 3.1.1 KӃt quҧ SKkQWtFK[iFÿӏnh kiӇu gen GH ..................................................25 3.1.2 KӃt quҧ SKkQWtFK[iFÿӏnh kiӇu gen PRL .................................................30 3.2. 7uPVӵ WѭѫQJTXDQJLӳa kiӇu gen GHYjPRL vӟLVҧQ[XҩWVӳDYjFKҩWOѭӧQJVӳD cӫDÿjQEzVӳa khҧRViW....................................................................................................... 33 3.2.1 Sӵ WѭѫQJTXDQJLӳa kiӇu gen GHYjVҧQ[XҩWVӳa ....................................33 3.2.2 Sӵ WѭѫQJTXDQJLӳa kiӇu gen GH vӟi chҩWOѭӧng sӳa ...............................36 3.2.3 Sӵ WѭѫQJTXDQJLӳa kiӇu gen PRL YjVҧn xuҩt sӳa ...................................38 3.2.4 Sӵ WѭѫQJTXDQJLӳa kiӇu gen PRL vӟi chҩWOѭӧng sӳa ..............................41 &+ѬѪ1*.ӂT LUҰ19¬.,ӂ11*+ӎ.........................................................43 4.1 .ӃWOXұQ .......................................................................................................................... 43 4.2 .LӃQQJKӏ ........................................................................................................................ 43 7¬,/,ӊU THAM KHҦO .....................................................................................44 PHӨ LӨC .................................................................................................................53 ix '$1+6È&+0Ө&&È&&+Ӳ9,ӂT TҲT 7LӃQJ9LӋW 7LӃQJ$QK cs &ӝQJVӵ dNTP Deoxynucleoside triphosphate EDTA Ethylene diamine tetracetic acid RFLP .ӻWKXұWÿDKuQKFKLӅXGjLÿRҥQFҳW JLӟLKҥQ Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism GH Hormone WăQJWUѭӣQJ Growth Hormone He 7ҫQVXҩWGӏKӧSPRQJÿӧL The expected Heterozygosity HF Holstein Friesian NST NhiӉm sҳc thӇ PCR 3KҧQӭQJFKXӛLPolymerase Polymerase Chain Reaction PIC 7tQKÿDKuQKWҥLPӝWYӏWUtTXDQViW ORFXVWUrQQKLӉPVҳFWKӇ Polymorphism Information Content PRL Prolactin RE (Q]\PHFҳWJLӟLKҥQ Restriction Enzyme SNP ÿDKuQK FӫD nXFOHRWLWÿѫQ Single nucleotide polymorphisms x DANH 6È&+&È&%ҦNG 7rQEҧQJ Trang %ҧQJ  &iF QJKLrQ FӭX WtQK ÿD KuQK FӫD JHQ GH WҥL Yӏ WUt 613 11 &*/HX!9DO0WUrQFiFJLӕQJEzYӟLVӵOLrQTXDQFӫDQy WӟLFiFWtQKWUҥQJ Bҧng 2.1 ThiӃt bӏ GQJWURQJQJKLrQFӭu 20 %ҧQJ 2.27KjQKSKҫQSKҧQӭQJ3&5NKXӃFKÿҥLÿRҥQgen GH 24 %ҧQJ7KjQKSKҫQSKҧQӭQJFҳWVҧQSKҭP3&5ÿRҥQgen GH 25 %ҧQJ7KjQKSKҫQSKҧQӭQJ3&5ÿRҥQJHQPRL 26 %ҧQJ 7KjQKSKҫQSKҧQӭQJFҳWVҧQSKҭP3&5ÿRҥQJHQPRL 27 Bҧng 3.1 Tҫn suҩt kiӇXJHQYjDOOHQGH WUrQÿjQEzNKҧRViW 33 Bҧng 3.2 Tҫn suҩt kiӇXJHQYjDOOHQPRL WUrQÿjQEzNKҧRViW 37 Bҧng 3.3. Sӵ OLrQ TXDQ JLӳD FiF NLӇu gen Growth hormone vӟi khҧ 41 QăQJsҧn xuҩt sӳa cӫDÿjQEzNKҧRViW %ҧQJ  Sӵ OLrQ TXDQ JLӳD FiF NLӇu gen Growth hormone vӟi chҩt 44 Oѭӧng sӳa cӫDÿjQEzNKҧRViW Bҧng 3.5 Sӵ OLrQ TXDQJLӳDFiFNLӇu gen PRL vӟi khҧ QăQJVҧn xuҩt 47 sӳa cӫDÿjQEzNKҧRViW %ҧQJ Sӵ OLrQTXDQJLӳDFiFNLӇu gen PRL vӟi chҩWOѭӧng sӳa cӫa ÿjQEzNKҧRViW xi 50 '$1+0Ө&+Î1+ 7rQKuQK Trang +uQK. &ҩXWU~F gen bGH YjPӝt sӕ 613WUrQgen GH cӫDEz 8 +uQK 9DL WUz Fӫa Growth hormone WURQJ TXi WUuQK VLQK Wәng 9 hӧp sӳa ӣ bҫXY~Ez +uQK CҩXWU~Fgen PRL vӟLLQWURQYjH[RQ 13 +uQK9DLWUzFӫa hormone prolactin (PRLOrQTXiWUuQKVLQK 15 tәng hӧp sӳa ӣ bҫXY~Ez +uQK &ѫFKӃ hoҥWKyDWKө thӇ prolactin. 17 +uQK KӃt quҧ kiӇm tra DNA tәng sӕ 30 +uQK: KӃt quҧ ÿLӋQGLÿRҥn gen GH 31 +uQK: KӃt quҧ cҳt FiFVҧn phҭP3&5ÿRҥn gen GH vӟi AluI 32 +uQK KӃt quҧ ÿLӋQGLVҧQSKҭQ3&5ÿRҥn gen PRL 36 +uQK KӃt quҧ cҳWFiFVҧn phҭP3&5ÿRҥn gen PRL vӟi RsaI 37 xii MӢ ĈҪU 1. 7tQKFҩp thiӃt cӫDÿӅ WjL Theo CөF&KăQQX{L%ӝ 1{QJQJKLӋSYj3KiWWULӇQQ{QJWK{QQJjQKFKăQ QX{LEzVӳa cӫDQѭӟc ta hiӋQWăQJQKDQKFҧ vӅ sӕ OѭӧQJYjFKҩWOѭӧng, tұp trung ӣ khu vӵFĈ{QJ1DP%ӝ (QJjQFRQ FKLӃm 32,07% tәQJÿjQYjӣ FiFÿӏa SKѭѫQJ Tp.HCM, NghӋ An, 6ѫQ /D /kP ÿӗQJ... 7URQJ ÿy 7S+&0 Oj ÿӏD SKѭѫQJFyVӕOѭӧQJEzVӳDFDRQKҩW [1]. 1ăQJVXҩt sӳa cӫa giӕQJEzODQJWUҳnJÿHQ +ROVWHLQ )ULHVLDQ QăP  cho thҩy hiӋQ QăQJ VXҩt sӳa cӫD Ez Vӳa tҥi Tp.HCM (chӫ yӃX Oj Ez ODQJ WUҳQJ ÿHQ +) YүQ FzQ NKi WKҩp chӍ mӟL ÿҥt 6.027kg/con/365 QJj\ [2]. TURQJ QăP  WҥL 9LӋW 1DP GRDQK WKX FiF Vҧn phҭm sӳD ÿҥt 64,4 QJKuQWӹ ÿӗQJÿҥt mӭFWăQJWUѭӣQJ'ӵNLӃQWURQJJLDLÿRҥn 2021 ± 2025, doanh thu sӳDYjFiFVҧn phҭm tӯ sӳa cӫa ViӋt Nam sӁ GX\WUuӣ mӭc 7-QăP ÿҥt tәQJ JLi WUӏ khoҧQJ  QJKuQ Wӹ ÿӗQJ YjR QăP  [3]. MөF WLrX ÿӃQ QăP 2025, tәQJÿjQEzVӳDQѭӟc ta sӁ ÿҥWKѫQQJKuQFRQsҧQOѭӧng sӳDÿҥt tӯ 1,8 triӋu tҩQÿӃn 2 triӋu tҩQÿӃQQăPFyQJKuQFRQYjÿҥWKѫQKDLWULӋu tҩn sӳa [4]. Ӣ ViӋt Nam hiӋn nay, giӕQJ Ez Vӳa chӫ yӃX Oj JLӕQJ Ez +ROVWHLQ )ULHVLDQ EzVӳa HF) hoһFEzVӳa lai Holstein Friesian (lai tҥo giӕQJEzVӳDFiL+)YӟLEz YjQJÿӏDSKѭѫQJYjEzODL6LQGTXDQKLӅXÿӡi). MӝWFRQEzFiLWUѭӣQJWKjQKFyWKӇ cho sҧQOѭӧng sӳa tӯ 5.000 - OtWFKXNǤ WKiQJӢ Tp.HCM, giӕQJEzVӳa chӫ yӃXOjJLӕQJEzODQJWUҳQJÿHQ+ROVWHLQ)ULHVLDQ7X\QKLrQVRViQKVӕ liӋu vӅ QăQJVXҩt sӳa cӫa giӕQJEzODQJWUҳQJÿHQ+ROVWHLQ)ULHVLDQӣ mӝt sӕ QѭӟFWUrQWKӃ giӟLQKѭÒF$QKYj0ӻFyVӵ FKrQKOӋFKÿiQJNӇ1ăQJVXҩt cӫDEzVӳa ӣ AQKOj 8.004 OtW FRQ QăP JLDL ÿRҥn 2020-2021 theo sӕ liӋu cӫa Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs-UK), ӣ Mӻ QăP  Oj NKRҧQJ  SRXQGFRQQăP WѭѫQJ ÿѭѫQJ  OtWFRQQăP WKHR National Agricultural Statistics Service ±Bӝ 1{QJ1JKLӋp Hoa KǤ, ÒFOjOLWFRQQăP-2019Bӝ 1{QJ1JKLӋSÒF [5] [6] [7]. 1 ĈӇ ÿҥt mөF WLrX ÿy WăQJ QăQJ VXҩt sӳa tӯ NJFRQQăP OrQ NJFRQQăPYLӋFFKӑQWҥRJLӕQJ ÿӇ QkQJFDRNKҧ QăQJ Vҧn xuҩt sӳDOj PӝW \ӃXWӕFҫQÿѭӧFFK~WUӑQJKjQJÿҫu. Mӝt sӕ F{QJEӕ cho thҩy gen ӭQJYLrQgrowth hormone (gen GHYjJHQprolactin (gen PRLOLrQTXDQWӟLQăQJsuҩWYjVҧQOѭӧng sӳa ӣ Ez Vӳa [8]. &iF KRUPRQH VWHURLG Yj KRUPRQH SURWHLQ QKѭ *URZWK Kormone KRFPRQH WăQJ WUѭӣQJ Yj SURODFWLQ Oj \Ӄu tӕ quan trӑQJ KjQJ ÿҫu trong sӵ SKiW triӇQYjFKӭFQăQJFӫa tuyӃQY~ [9]. Sӵ sҧn xuҩt sӳDOjPӝWWtQKWUҥQJÿDJHQÿһc WUѭQJÿѭӧFÿLӅu kiӇn bӣi nhiӅXORFXVYjEӏ ҧQKKѭӣng bӣLFiF\Ӄu tӕ P{LWUѭӡQJ9u vұ\FiFJHQӭQJYLrQOLrQNӃt chһt vӟLFiFORFXVPmKyDÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKÿӇ ÿiQKJLi biӇu hiӋn sӵ cho sӳa. 9uWtQKFҩp thiӃWÿy ÿӅWjL³1JKLrQFӭXVӵOLrQTXDQJLӳDNLӇXJHQGrownth hormoneYj prolactinYӟLNKҧ QăQJVҧQ[XҩWVӳDFӫDEzVӳDӣ7KjQKSKӕ Hӗ &Kt 0LQK´ÿѭӧFWKӵFKLӋQ 2. MөFWLrXQJKLrQFӭu ;iFÿӏQKÿѭӧc sӵ OLrQTXDQJLӳa kiӇu gen GH YjNLӇu gen PRL vӟi khҧ QăQJ sҧn xuҩt sӳa cӫDEzVӳa ӣ Tp.HCM. Tӯ ÿyVӱ dөQJFiFNLӇu gen GH YjPRL FyOӧi phөc vө FKRF{QJWiFFKӑn giӕQJEzVӳa, nhҵPQkQJFDRQăQJVXҩt sӳDFKRÿjQEz sӳa hiӋn nay tҥi Tp.HCM 2 &+ѬѪ1*7Ә1*48$17¬,/,ӊU 1.1 6ѫOѭӧc vӅ giӕng EzVӳa 1.1.1 ĈһFÿLӇm vӅ giӕQJEzVӳa Holstein Friesian %z+ROVWHLQ)ULHVLDQ+)OjJLӕQJEzFyQJXӗn gӕc tӯ +j/DQBҳWQJXӗQ tӯ giӕQJEzWUҳQJYjÿHQEz+ROVWHLQÿѭӧc lai tҥRYjFKӑn lӑFÿӇ tҥo ra giӕQJEzVӳa tӕt nhҩt, ÿӇ tұn dөQJ ÿѭӧc nguӗn cӓ dӗL GjR ӣ WURQJ YQJ. HiӋQ QD\ Ez +ROVWHLQ trҳQJ ÿHQ QăQJ VXҩt cao hiӋQ ÿѭӧF QX{L Oҩy sӳa ӣ WUrQ  TXӕc gia, WURQJ ÿy Fy ViӋt Nam [10] [11]. +ROVWHLQ)ULHVLDQOjJLӕQJEzOӟQFyPҧQJPjXO{QJWUҳQJÿHQÿ{LNKLOjÿӓ trҳng), nһng tӟi khoҧQJNJNKLWUѭӣQJWKjQK. GiӕQJEzQj\FKRVҧQOѭӧng sӳD FDRKѫQFiFJLӕQJEzNKiF. 1ăQJVXҩt sӳDQJj\FӫDEz+)Qҵm trong khoҧng 7.000- 10.000kg/conW\YӏWUtÿӏDOê%z+ROVWHLQ)ULHVLDQFzQFyѭXÿLӇm dӉ WKtFK nghi ӣ ÿLӅu kiӋQNKtKұXFiFYQJNKiFQKDXQKѭ{Qÿӟi, nhiӋWÿӟLYjFiFSKѭѫQJ thӭc FKăQQX{LFKăQWKҧ KD\QX{LQKӕt.1JRjLUDEz+)FzQOjQJXӗQJHQÿӇFҧLWҥR JLӕQJEzNKiFWKHRKѭӟQJVӳDUҩWWӕWӠ9LӋW1DPFNJQJVӱGөQJEzWKXҫQ+)YӟLEz ÿӏDSKѭѫQJÿӇWҥRUDJLӕQJEzODL+) [12] [13] [11]. 1.1.2 7uQKKuQKVҧn xuҩt sӳa ӣ ViӋW1DPYj7S+&0 7KHR EiR FiR Fӫa sӣ 1{QJ 1JKLӋp Tp.HCM trong giai ÿRҥn 2016 - 2020, WuQK KuQK FKăQ QX{L Ez VӳD WUrQ ÿӏD EjQ 7S+&0 Fy NKX\QK KѭӟQJ JLҧP  QăP1JX\rQQKkQOjGRYLӋFloҥLWKjLÿjQEzFyQăQJVXҩWWKҩSÿӇcҧi thiӋn chҩt OѭӧQJÿjQJLӕQJEzVӳa. So vӟLQăQJVXҩWWUXQJEuQKFҧ QѭӟFQăQJVXҩt sӳDEuQK TXkQ ӣ 7S+&0 FDR KѫQ ÿҥW  NJFRQQăP .Ӄt quҧ Qj\ WăQJ  VR YӟLJLDLÿRҥQ- 2015. +jQJQăP7KjQKSKӕ Hӗ&Kt0LQKÿmFXQJFҩp cho thӏWUѭӡQJ7KjQKSKӕ YjFiFWӍQKKѫQFRQJLӕng; cung cҩp sҧQOѭӧng sӳDKѫQWҩn. Tәng ÿjQEzVӳDFiLFӫa Tp.HCM QăPÿąWFRQFKLӃm 22,76% tәQJÿjQEz 3 sӳa cҧ QѭӟFĈjQEzFiLYҳt sӳDÿҥt 29.000 con, chiӃm tӹ lӋ WUrQWәQJÿjQ EzVӳDFiLYjFKLӃPWUrQWәQJÿjQEzVӳa [2]. 4X\P{FKăQQX{LQăP ÿҥt 13,5 con/hӝ WăQJFRQKӝFK\ӃXWăQJ TX\P{Wӯ 10 - 50 con/hӝ WăQJ7X\QKLrQ phә biӃn vүQOj quy P{FKăQ QX{LQKyOpWӯ 1-9 con chiӃPW{QJsӕ hӝ FKăQQX{LYjchiӃm 16,72% tәng ÿjQEzsӳa. DӵDWKHRWLrXFKtSKkQORҥLTX\P{FKăQQX{LFD/XұW&KlQQX{LYj Nghӏ ÿӏnh sӕ 13/2020/ND-&3WKuFKӫ yӃu FiFFѫVӣ FKăQQX{LEzVӳa tҥi Tp.HCM Oj FKăQQX{L WUDQJWUDLTX\ P{QKӓ (50,06%). VuYұy viӋF ÿҫXWѭSKiW WULӇn sҧn xuҩt gһp nhiӅu hҥn chӃ. 1{QJGkQ chӫ yӃu vүQWKHRSKѭѫQJWKӭc truyӅn thӕngFKăQQX{LWKHRNLQK nghiӋm, FKѭDTXDQWkPÿӃn viӋFJKLFKpSFұp nhұWWK{QJWLQTXҧQOêÿjQJLӕng, chӃ ÿӝ khҭu phҫQGLQKGѭӥng. &iFQJKLrQFӭXOLrQTXDQÿӃQQkQJFDRQăQJsuҩt, cҧi thiӋn chҩt Oѭӧng con giӕnJ Ez sӳD F{QJ WiF ÿiQK JLi chӑn lӑc ÿjQ Ez sӳa FKѭD ÿѭӧc TXDQ WkP ÿ~QJ mӭFF{QJWiFWULӇn khai FKѭDWKӵc hiӋn tӕt. 3KѭѫQJ Kѭӟng mөF WLrX SKiW WULӇQ ÿjQ Ez Vӳa ӣ Tp.HCM JLDL ÿRҥn 20212025: ĈӃn QăPGX\WUuÿjQEzVӳa әQÿӏnh vӟi tәQJÿjQFRQWURQJÿy Fѫ cҩX ÿjQ FiL VLQK Vҧn chiӃm 60 -  Yj ÿjQ FiL Yҳt sӳa chiӃm 50% tәQJ ÿjQ QăQJ VXҩt sӳa EuQK TXkQ ÿҥt 17 -  NJFRQQJj\ MөF WLrX phҩQ ÿҩu ÿҥt TX\ P{ FKăQQX{LWLӋm cұQÿӃQWLrXchuҭn trang trҥi FKăQQX{LTX\P{vӯa theo quy ÿӏnh cӫa Luұt &KăQQX{Lcon/hӝ) [2]. 1.2 ҦQKKѭӣng cӫa mӝt sӕ JHQOrQNKҧ QăQJVҧn xuҩt cӫDEzVӳa 1.2.1 Gen growth hormone 1.2.1.1 CҩXWU~Fgen GH *HQ Pm KRi GH nҵP WUrQ QKLӉm sҳc thӇ  WURQJ YQJ T-TWHU Fy NtFK WKѭӟc khoҧQJESYjFKӭa 5 exon, 4 intron. NhiӅXÿDKuQKÿmÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWUrQ gen GH cӫDJLDV~FWURQJÿyÿDKuQKQҵm ӣ LQWURQYjH[RQÿѭӧFWuPWKҩ\Fy ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿӃQ QăQJ VXҩW Yj FKҩW Oѭӧng sӳD Yj WUrQ WKӏW Ez Ĉӝt biӃQ ÿLӇm tҥi QXFOHRWLGHWUrQH[RQWKӭ 5 C>G dүQÿӃn sӵ thay thӃ codon 127 tӯ leucin thanh 4 vDOLQH Ĉӝt biӃQ Qj\ Fy OLrQ TXDQ VҧQ Oѭӧng sӳD WKjQK SKҫQ SURWHLQ Yj FKҩW EpR trong sӳa. (SNP C2141G, Leu>Val, M57764) [14]. +uQK1.1&ҩXWU~Fgen bGH YjPӝt sӕ 613WUrQgen GH cӫDEz [15] 1.2.1.2 &ѫ FKӃ WiF ÿӝng cӫa hormone WăQJ WUѭӣQJ GH OrQ NKҧ QăQJVҧn xuҩt sӳa +RUPRQ WăQJ WUѭӣng (GH) Oj FKXӛi polypeptide khoҧQJ N'D ÿѭӧc tәng hӧS Yj ÿѭӧc tiӃt ra tӯ tuyӃQ \rQ Eӣi tӃ EjR VRPD ÿѭӧc biӃW ÿӃn rӝQJ UmL YӟL WiF dөng cӫa chҩt tiӃt sӳDJDODFWRSRLHWLFWURQJFKăQQX{LEzVӳa. Bҵng chӭQJÿҫXWLrQ vӅ ÿLӅXQj\ÿmÿѭӧFEiRFiREӣi $VLPRYYj.URuzeQJѭӡLÿmTXDQViWWKҩy rҵng WLrPEzVӳa vӟi chiӃt xuҩt tӯ tuyӃQ\rQFyOLrQTXDQÿӃQWăQJVҧn xuҩt sӳa [16]. Mһc GQKӳQJSKiWKLӋQQj\FKRWKҩy mӝWFѫKӝLÿӇ WăQJVӳa hiӋu quҧ sҧn xuҩt cӫDEz sӳDQKѭQJQyNK{QJWKӵc tӃ ÿӇ thu hoҥFKYjWKDQKOӑc GH tuyӃQ \rQÿӇ sӱ dөng cho mөFÿtFKWKѭѫQJPҥLFKRÿӃQQăPNKLSKiWKLӋQUDF{QJQJKӋ '1$WiLWә hӧSOjPFKRQyFyWKӇ tәng hӧp vӟi sӕ Oѭӧng lӟQ+RUPRQH*+WiLWә hӧSFyQJXӗn gӕc tӯ EzUE*+-UHFRPELQDQW%RYLQH*+VDXÿy ÿmÿѭӧc sҧn xuҩWYjVӱ dөng rӝng UmLFKRQJKLrQFӭXYjFXӕLFQJÿmÿѭӧFSKrGX\ӋWÿӇ sӱ dөQJWKѭѫQJPҥLFKRFiF hoҥW ÿӝng sҧn xuҩt sӳa [17]. Mӝt hiӋu ӭng galactopoietic cӫD *+ WURQJ ORjL Jһm nhҩPFKѭDÿѭӧFTXDQViW[18]. TX\QKLrQ $OODQYjFӝng sӵ cho rҵQJ*+FyOLrQ TXDQÿӃn viӋFGX\WUuVӕ Oѭӧng tӃ EjRÿӝng vұWFyY~WURQJWKӡi kǤ FKRFRQE~Fӫa chuӝt [19]. Ӣ ÿӝng vұt nhai lҥi, hoҥWÿӝng cӫD*+WUrQWX\ӃQ Y~ÿѭӧc cho OjTXD trung gian chӫ yӃu bӣi trөF EiR KLӋu yӃu tӕ WăQJ WUѭӣng giӕQJ QKѭ LQVXOLQ ,*) 5 [20]. ĈLӅu trӏ bҵng GH ngoҥL VLQK OjP WăQJ QӗQJ ÿӝ IGF-1 trong tuҫn KRjQ WiF ÿӝng trӵc tiӃSWUrQWX\ӃQY~[21] [22]1JRjL,*)WRjQWKkQ,*)ÿѭӧc sҧn xuҩt cөc bӝFNJQJQKѭELӇu hiӋn cӫDÿӝng vұWFyY~. Thө thӇ ,*)FyWKӇ ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃn chӭc QăQJFӫDÿӝng vұWFyY~YjSKҧn ӭng cӫa tuyӃQY~Yӟi GH [23] [24]. Thұt vұ\WiF dөng cӫD*+ÿӕi vӟi tuyӃQY~FӫDÿӝng vұt nhai lҥLWKD\ÿәi theo trҥQJWKiLVLQKOê Trong thӡi kǤ ÿҫXFKRFRQE~ÿLӅu trӏ bҵng GH ngoҥLVLQKNK{QJFyWiFGөQJÿӕi vӟi sӵ WăQJVLQKWӃ EjRY~ӣ Gr[25]. 7X\QKLrQNKLFKRFRQE~JLӳa giai ÿRҥn, GH FyOLrQTXDQÿӃn sӵ JLDWăQJWăQJVLQKWӃ EjRÿӝng vұWFyY~ӣ Ez[26]. +uQK9DLWUzFӫa Growth hormone WURQJTXiWUuQKVLQKWәng hӧp sӳa ӣ bҫXY~Ez[27] BӣLYuVҧn xuҩt IGF cөc bӝFNJQJQKѭELӇu hiӋn cӫa thө thӇ ,*)FNJQJÿѭӧc ÿLӅXKzDVLQKOê, ÿLӅXQj\FyWKӇ giҧLWKtFKVӵ NKiFELӋt trong phҧn ӭng vӟi GH qua trҥQJWKiLVLQKOê [23] [28]. MһFGKRҥWÿӝng cӫD*+FKӫ\ӃXOjKRҥWÿӝQJ trung gian WK{QJTXDWUөF,*)QKѭQJFyEҵng chӭng cho thҩ\*+FyWKӇ hoҥWÿӝQJÿӝc 6 lұp vӟi IGF-ÿӇ NtFKWKtFKVҧn xuҩt sӳa [29]1JRjLUDbiӇu hiӋn cӫa thө thӇ GH ÿmÿѭӧFSKiWKLӋQWURQJP{WX\ӃQY~ [30] [23] [28]. &iFWKө thӇ GH thuӝc vӅ mӝt VLrXKӑ cӫDFiFWKө thӇ [X\rQPjQJWURQJÿyWKө thӇ Prolactin (PRL) OjWKjQKYLrQ. 'Rÿyÿѭӡng truyӅQWtQKLӋu cӫa GH rҩt giӕng vӟi PRLOLrQNӃt GH vӟi thө thӇ cӫD Qy GүQ ÿӃQ NtFK KRҥW ÿѭӡng dүQ WtQ KLӋu JAK/STAT, trRQJ ÿy NtFK WKtFK Vӵ WKD\ÿәi biӇu hiӋQJHQWURQJFiFP{ÿtFK[31]. 1.2.1.3 &iF QJKLrQ FӭXYӅ Vӵ OLrQTXDQFy ê QJKƭD JLӳD WtQKÿD KuQKFӫa gen KRUPRQHWăQJWUѭӣQJEzVӳDYjELӇu hiӋn tiӃt sӳa. Mӝt sӕ QJKLrQFӭu cho thҩ\FyVӵ OLrQTXDQFyêQJKƭDJLӳDWtQKÿDKuQKFӫa JHQKRUPRQHWăQJWUѭӣQJEzVӳDYjELӇu hiӋn tiӃt sӳa. 9jLQJKLrQFӭu cho thҩy sӵ ÿDKuQKӣ promoter, intron thӭ EDYjWKӭ YjH[RQWKӭ 5 cӫa gen GH EzVӳa. Theo /XF\ Yj Fӝng sӵ thay thӃ cӫD F\WRVLQH & WKjQK JXDQLQH * Wҥi vӏ WUt  Oj QJX\rQQKkQWKD\ÿәi mӝt amino acid tӯ OHXFLQHWKjQKYDOLQHWҥi vӏ WUtcӫa chuӛi polypeptide GH [32]. 6ӵ WKD\ÿәi cӫa amino acid leucine-valine ӣ vӏ WUtWKӭ 127 cӫa exon thӭ 5 Yj [iFÿӏnh bӣi hiӋn diӋn cӫa enzyme cҳt giӟi hҥn AluI gӑi tҳWOjJHQHGH-AluI Fymӝt ÿһFÿLӇPU}UӋtOLrQTXDQWӟL cӫDQăQJVXҩt sӳDYjVҧQOѭӧng thӏt [33]. 3KѭѫQJSKiS PCR-5)/3ÿѭӧc sӱ dөQJ[iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFFiFNLӇu gen GH-AluI OjLL(127 Leu), LV (127 Leu thay bҵQJ9DOYj999DOYj9DO 0ӝWVӕFiFQJKLrQFӭXӣEҧQJQKuQFKXQJWtQKÿDKuQKFӫDJHQGH-Alu, FyOLrQTXDQWӟLNKҧQăQJVҧQ[XҩWVӳDYjFKҩWOѭӧQJVӳD 7 %ҧQJ .1 &iF QJKLrQ FӭX WtQK ÿD KuQK FӫD JHQ GH WҥL Yӏ WUt 613 C2141G, Leu>Val, 0WUrQFiFJLӕQJEzYӟLVӵOLrQTXDQFӫDQyWӟLFiF WtQKWUҥQJ STT *LӕQJEzNKҧRViW Allen GH/AluI L V 1 0,80 0,20 0,93 0,07 2 Modicana (188 con) Holstein Friesian (167 con) &iFWtQK WUҥQJOLrQ TXDQWӟL NLӇXJHQ - .LӇXJHQ OLrQTXDQ WӟLWtQK WUҥQJ - 6ҧQOѭӧQJ VӳD- QJj\ 6ҧQOѭӧQJ VӳD LV 3 Holstein Friesian (281 con) 0,87 0,13 4 Holstein Friesian New Zeland (19 con) Holstein Friesian Australia (43 con) Jersey (164 con) 0,92 0,08 - - 0,90 0,10 - - 0,52 0,48 6ҧQOѭӧQJ VӳD LL &KҩWEpR WURQJVӳD 0,625 0,375 6ҧQOѭӧQJ VӳD- QJj\ 0,81 0,19 - LV &KҩWEpR WURQJVӳD 0,815 0,185 &KҩWEpR WURQJVӳD 0,80 0,20 6ҧQOѭӧQJ VӳD &KҩWEpR WURQJVӳD LV 5 6 0,93 7 Holstein Friesian (363 con) 8 Russian Black-andWhite (32 con) German Black-andWhite (32 con ) Yaroslavl (120 con) 9 10 11 Black-and-White (1086 con) 0,52 0,07 0,43 *KLFK~NêKLӋX-.K{QJ[iFÿӏQK 8 LL 7jLOLӋXWKDP NKҧR %RUGRQDURYj cs,2020 [34] .L\LFLYjFV 2019 [33] %LODO$N\] YjFV [35] +DUWDWLNYjFV 2015 [36] +DUWDWLNYjFV 2015 [36] 'DULRYjFV 2008 [14] .RYiFVYjFV 2006 [8] LV - .KDWDPLYjFV 2005 [37] LV LL '\EXVYjFV 2002 [38]