Tài liệu Giáo án phụ đạo chuyên đề tiếng anh lớp 12

TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 PHẦN I. PHONETICS – STRESS – TRỌNG ÂM Buổi 1 - Bài 1. RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM I. Definitions: 1. Phoneme: The smallest part of sound (vowel and consonant sounds) Âm tố - là thành phần nhỏ nhất của âm thanh (gồm nguyên âm và phụ âm) 2. Syllable: The sound made when one or clusters of phoneme are articulated. Âm tiết – là tiếng phát ra khi một hoặc nhiều âm tố được phát âm. 3. Stress: The degree of the loudness or prominence with which a sound ort a word is pronounced. Độ lớn hay thống trị về âm của một âm tiết khi một chùm âm của một từ (có từ hai âm tiết trở lên) được đọc, nói hay phát âm. II. Rules to mark stress: 1. Di-syllable words: a. Usually on the second syllable if it is a verb whose second syllable doesn’t contain the vowel sounds of /ә/, /I/, and /әu/, on the first syllable of the other words. (trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 đối với động từ - trừ các âm tiết thứ 2 chứa nguyên âm /ә/, /I/, hoặc /әu/, rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất đối với các từ loại còn lại). As: mother, ready, color, palace, student, teacher, tonight, afraid, people, money, enjoy, paper, begin, provide, summer, abroad, noisy, success, enter,… b. Usually on the root syllables with words having suffixes or prefixes (đối với những từ có mang tiền tố, hậu tố, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết gốc). As: become, react, foretell, unpleasant, begin, failure, threaten, daily, treatment, ruler, unknown, builder, lately, quickly,… c. Be careful with words with different word-class. (đối với những từ mà bản thân có nhiều chức năng từ vựng ta áp dụng qui tắc a). As Verb Other words Verb Other words Verb Other words rebel rebel record record conflict conflict progress progress export export permit permit suspect suspect conduct conduct PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 1. Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group. 1. A. paper B. tonight C. lecture D. story 2. A. money B. army C. afraid D. people 3. A. enjoy B. daughter C. provide D. decide 4. A. begin B. pastime C. finish D. summer 5. A. abroad B. noisy C. hundred D. quiet 6. A. passion B. aspect C. medium D. success 7. A. exist B. evolve C. enjoy D. enter 8. A. doctor B. modern C. corner D. Chinese 9. A. complain B. machine C. music D. instead 10. A. writer B. baker C. builder D. career 11. A. provide B. adopt C. happen D. inspire 12. A. result B. region C. river D. robot 13. A. constant B. basic C. irate D. obvious 14. A. become B. carry C. appoint D. invent 15. A. engine B. battle C. career D. rabies 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Exercise 1/30 We couldn’t have managed without my father’s money. If it hadn’t been for my father’s money, we couldn’t have managed. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.  Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back.. It was Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes and tobacco into England.  The English owe the introduction of potatoes and tobacco to WR... “If my members agree to that, I’ll be very surprised,” said the union delegate.  The union delegate observed that.. he would be very surprised if his members agreed.. While I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time. Despite my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time... GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 1/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 6. 7. 8. I’m sorry I missed Professor Baker’s lecture.  I’m sorry not to have heard/attended Pro Baker’s lecture. We may not be able to give the concert.  The concert. may have to be cancelled. I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test. It came. as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test.. --------------------------------------------- KẾT THÚC BUỔI 1 ------------------------------------------------- Buổi 2 - Bài 1. RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM 2. Words with more than two syllable: a. Usually on the 3rd syllables from the end (trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thư ba kể từ âm tiết cuối): As. family, cinema, regular, singular, international, satisfactory, recognize, demonstrate, qualify, psychology, biologist, biology, democracy, responsibility… b. Usually on the 2nd syllables from the end with words ending in “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”, “ual”, “eous”, “ious”, “iar”, “ion”(đối với các từ có tận cùng như đã liệt kê, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết liền trước của các tận cùng này – thứ 2 kể từ âm tiết cuối). As: physician, experience, expedient, parental, essential, habitual, courageous, delicious, familiar,… (Except for: Television) c. Usually on the suffixes “ese”, “ee’, “eer”, “ier”, “ette”, “oo”, “esque” (đối với các từ có tận cùng như liệt kê, trọng âm thường rơi vào chính các âm tiết chứa các tận cùng này). As: Portuguese, refugee, employee, engineer, volunteer, adequate, picturesque, cigarette,… PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 1. Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group. 1. A. interesting B. surprising C. amusing D. successful 2. A. understand B. engineer C. benefit D. Vietnamese 3. A. applicant B. uniform C. yesterday D. employment 4. A. dangerous B. parachute C. popular D. magazine 5. A. beautifully B. intelligent C. redundancy D. discovery 6. A. comfortable B. employment C. important D. surprising 7. A. variety B. irrational C. industrial D. characterize 8. A. colorful B. equality C. dictionary D. vegetable 9. A. elegant B. regional C. musical D. important 10. A. difference B. suburban C. internet D. character 11. A. beautiful B. effective C. favorite D. popular 12. A. attraction B. government C. borrowing D. visit 13. A. difficulty B. individual C. population D. unemployment 14. A. biology B. redundancy C. interviewer D. comparative 15. A. conversation B. isolation C. traditional D. situation Notes: - Trên thực tế không có một qui tắc bất biến cho việc xác định vị trí trọng âm của từ. - Việc xác định trọng âm cần thực hiện cùng cách phát âm, dựa nhiều vào kinh nghiệm. - Những bài tập được cung cấp là những bài tập có tần suất sử dụng lớn để soạn đề thi. 2. Exercise 2/30 1. John inflated the tyres of his bicycle. (blew) John blew up the tyres of his bicycle. 2. We’d better leave them a note, because it’s possible they’ll arrive later (case) We’d better leave them a note in case they arrive later 3. Before he came here he worked for Mr. Smiths. (previous) Before the came here, his previous boss/employer was Mr. Smiths. 4. He speaks German extremely well (command) He has an excellent command of German 5. His criticisms are quite unfair. (justification) There is no justification for his criticisms 6. I can’t understand why they are reluctant to sign the contract (baffled) I am baffled by their reluctance to sign the contract 7. I always find chess problems like that quite impossible. (defeat) Chess problems like that (always) defeat me! 8. This must be kept secret. (know) You mustn’t let anyone (else) know (this) 9. I can’t afford a new dress, that old blue one will have to do. (make) GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 2/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12  I can’t afford a new dress. I’ll (have) to make do with that old blue one Buổi 3 - Bài 2. PRONUNCIATION – ĐỌC PHIẾN ÂM - (ÔN TẬP) A. NHỮNG QUI TẮC CƠ BẢN VỀ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM. Để phát âm tiếng Anh tương đối chuẩn, các nhà chuyên môn đã nghĩ ra một hệ thống ký hiệu phiên âm, để người đọc dựa vào đó mà đọc cho dễ. Phiên âm quốc tế được hiệp hội Phiên âm Quốc Tế đặt ra gọi tắt là I. P. A. đã được Bộ Giáo Dục Việt Nam dùng một cách chính thức trong các sách giáo khoa. B. BỘ KÝ HIỆU PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ. I. NGUYÊN ÂM (VOWELS) [i] âm có trong từ sit, hit [i:] âm có trong từ seat, leave [e] âm có trong từ bed, get [æ] âm có trong từ map, have, bank, back [a:] âm có trong từ far, car, star [ɔ] âm có trong từ not, hot [ɔ:] âm có trong từ floor, four [ʊ] âm có trong từ put [ʊ:] âm có trong từ blue [ʌ] âm có trong từ but, cup [/∂/] âm có trong từ again, obey [ɜ:/ ∂:] âm có trong từ fur Ghi chú: Dấu [:] là ký hiệu cho ta biết từ phải đọc kéo dài. Dấu [:] đặt sau nguyên âm nào thì nguyên âm đó phải đọc kéo dài. II. NGUYÊN ÂM ĐÔI (DIPH THONGS) [ei ] âm có trong từ : lake, play, place. [∂ʊ ] âm có trong từ : nose, so [ai ] âm có trong từ : five, hi, high [i∂] âm có trong từ : near, hear [ɔi] âm có trong từ : boy [e∂] âm có trong từ : hair, pair [aʊ ] âm có trong từ : now, how [u∂] âm có trong từ : sure, poor III. NGUYÊN ÂM BA (TRIPTHONGS) [ai∂] âm có trong từ : fire, hire [ei∂] âm có trong từ : player. [au∂] âm có trong từ : flour, sour IV. PHỤ ÂM (CONSONANTS). [ŋ]: âm có trong từ : long, song [h]: âm có trong từ : hat, hot [ð]: âm có trong từ : this, that, then [t]: âm có trong từ : tea, take [k]: âm có trong từ : cat, car. []: âm có trong từ : thanks, think [∂]: âm có trong từ : usual. [∫]: âm có trong từ : should, sure [z]: âm có trong từ : zero [t∫]: âm có trong từ : change, chin [g]: âm có trong từ : game, get [d∂]: âm có trong từ : just [ju:]: âm có trong từ : tube, huge. [r]: âm có trong từ : red, read [s ]: âm có trong từ : sorry, sing [l]: âm có trong từ : well, leader Chú ý: Những ký hiệu [w] và [ju:] không còn coi là phụ âm nữa mà coi là bán nguyên âm. Có 2 cách viết âm u: [u] hoặc [ʊ] Exercise 3/30 1. I only recognized him when he came into the light.  Not until he came into the light did I recognize him 2. That rumor about the politician and the construction contract is absolutely false.  There is(absolutely) no truth in that rumor about the politician and the construction contract 3. One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race.  One runner was so exhausted (that) he couldn’t/was unable to complete the last lap of the race 4. My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known.  I’ve never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother (was) 5. They never made us do anything we didn’t want to do.  We were never made to do anything we didn’t want to 6. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister. Had it not been for the death of the PM the bill would have been passed/got through GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 3/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 7. It is quite pointless to complain. There’s no point in complaining --------------------------------------------- KẾT THÚC BUỔI 3 ------------------------------------------------- Buổi 4 - Bài 2. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM CỦA MỘT SỐ NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ PHỤ ÂM. 1. Nguyên âm “A” 1.1: A đọc là [æ] Trong những từ 1 âm tiết, tận cùng là 1 hay nhiều phụ âm. Examples: Lad [læd]: con trai Dam [dæm]: đập nước Fan [fæn]: cái quạt. Map [mæp]: bản đồ * Trong âm tiết mang trọng âm của từ nhiều âm tiết và đứng trước 2 PÂ. Examples: Candle [`kændl]: nến Captain [`kæpt∂n]: đại uý, Calculate [`kækjuleit] : tính Unhappy [ʌn`hæpi]: bất hạnh 1.2: A đọc là [ei] Trong từ một âm tiết có tận cùng là: A+ PÂ+ E Examples: Bate [beit] : giảm bớt Cane [kein] : cây gậy Late [leit] : muộn Fate [feit] : số phận * Trong tận cùng ATE của động từ Examples: To intimate [`intimeit]: cho hay To deliberate [`dilibreit]: tính kỹ càng * Trong âm tiết trước tận cùng -ION và -IAN Examples: Nation [‘nei∫∂n]: quốc gia Translation [træns`lei∫∂n] : bài dịch Preparation [prep∂`rei∫∂n] : sự chuẩn bị Asian [`ei∫∂n] : Người châu á * Ngoại lệ: Companion [k∂m`pænj∂n] : bạn đồng hành Italian [i`tælj∂n] : Người Italia Librarian [lai`bre∂ri∂n] : thủ thư Vegetarian [ved∂i`te∂ri∂n] : Người ăn chay 1.3: A đoc là [ɔ:] Trong từ một âm tiết tận cùng là “LL” Examples: All [ɔ:ll] : tất cả Call [kɔ:ll] : goi điện Tall [tɔ:ll] : cao lớn Small [smɔ:ll]: nhỏ nhắn 1.4: A đọc là [ɔ] (Ngoại lệ: way [wei] : con đường Waste [weist] : lãng phí) * Trong những âm tiết có trọng âm của một từ , hoặc từ một âm tiết bắt đầu bằng W. Examples: Was [wɔz] : to be Want [wɔnt] : muốn Wash [wɔ∫] : tắm rửa Watch [wɔt∫] : xem 1.5: A đọc là [a:] Tận cùng bằng R hoặc R+ PÂ hoặc trong âm tiết của từ khi A đúng trước R+ PÂ Examples: Bar [ba:] : chấn song Far [fa:] : xa xôi Star [sta:] : ngôi sao Barn [ba:n] :vựa thóc Harm [ha:m] : tổn hại Charm [t∫a:m]: quyến dũ Departure [di`pa:t∫∂] : sự khởi hành Half [ha:f] : một nửa 1.6: A đọc là [e∂] Trong một số từ có tận cùng là ARE (* Ngoại lệ: are [a:]) Examples: Bare [be∂] : trơ trụi Care [ke∂] : sự cẩn then Dare [de∂] : dám Fare [fe∂] : tiền vé Ware [we∂] : hàng hoá Prepare [pri`pe∂]: chuẩn bị 1.7:A đọc là [i] Trong tận cùng - ATE của tính từ Examples: Itimate [`intimit]: mật thiết Animate [`ænimit]: linh hoạt, sống động Delicate [`delikit]: tế nhị, mỏng mảnh * Trong tận cùng - AGE của danh từ 2 âm tiết. Examples: Village [`vilid∂]: làng quê Cottage [`kɔtid∂] : nhà tranh Shortage [`∫ɔ:tid∂]: tình trạng thiếu hụt Damage [`dæmid∂] : sự thiệt hại Courage [`kʌrid∂]: lòng can đảm Luggage [`lʌgid∂] : hành lý 1.8: A đọc là [∂] Trong những âm tiết không có trọng âm. Examples: Aain [∂`gein] : lại, lần nữa Balance [`bæl∂ns] :sự thăng bằng Explanation [ekspl∂`nei∫∂n]: sự giảI thích Capacity [k∂`pæs∂ti] : năng lực 2. Cách đọc nguyên âm “E” 2.1: E đọc là [e] (Ngoaị lệ: Her [h∂:] : của cô ấy Term [t∂:m] : học kỳ) * Những từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng bằng 1 hay nhiều PÂ(trừ R).Hoặc trong âm tiết có trọng âm của 1 từ GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 4/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 Examples: Bed [bed] : giường Get [get] : lấy, tóm Met [met] : gặp gỡ Them [ðem] : họ Debt [det] : món nợ Send [send] : gửi Member [`memb∂] :thành viên November [no`vemb∂]: tháng 11 2.2: E đọc là [i:] Khi đứng liền trước tận cùng PÂ+ E và trong những từ be, she, he, me Examples: Cede [si:d] : nhượng bộ Scene [si:n] : phong cảnh Complete [k∂mpli:t] : hoàn toàn Benzene [ben`zi:n] : chất benzen 2.3: E đọc là [i] Trong những tiền tố BE, DE, RE Examples: Begin [bi`gin]: bắt đầu Become [bi`kʌm] : trở thành Decide [di`said] : quyết định Return [ri`t∂:n] : trở về Remind [ri`maid] : gợi nhớ Reorganize [ri`ɔ:g∂naiz] : tổ chức lại 2.3: E đọc là [∂] Examples: Silent [`sail∂nt]: yên lặng Open [`oup∂n] : mở Chicken [t∫ik∂n]: thịt gà Generous [`d∂en∂r∂s] : hào hiệp Exercise 4/30 1. You can’t possibly expect me to have supper ready by 8 o’clock. (question). There is no question of supper being ready by 8 o’clock 2. It is my opinion that there is no advantage in further discussion. (see) As far as I can see, there is no advantage in further discussion 3. Please excuse Jane’s poor typing. She’s only been learning for a month. (allowances) Please make allowances for Jane’s poor typing; she’s only been learning for a month 4. There is no way that young man can achieve success in this test. (bound) That young man is bound to fail in this test 5. Although the dog appeared harmless, it was, in fact, quite dangerous. (contrary) Contrary to (its) (harmless) appearance, the dog was in fact quite dangerous 6. If Smith hadn’t broken his leg, he would have played football for England. (represented). If Smith hadn’t broken his leg, he would have represented England 7. This hotel is inaccessible in winter. (possible) It’s not possible to get to/to reach this hotel in winter 8. As far as I know he is still working in Bristol. (knowledge). To (the best of) my knowledge, he is still working in Bristol ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 4 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 5 - Bài 2. PRONUNCIATION – ĐỌC PHIÊN ÂM - (ÔN TẬP) 3. Cách đọc “AI” 3.1: AI đọc là [ei] * Khi AI đứng trước 1 PÂ trừ R Examples: Mail [meil] : thư từ Sail [seil] : bơi thuyền Wait [weit] : chờ đợi Said [seid] : của say Afraid [∂`freid]: e sợ Nail [neil] : móng 3.2: AI đọc là [e∂]: * Khi đứng trước R Examples: Air [e∂] : không khí Fair [fe∂] : bình đẳng Hair [he∂] : tóc Pair [pe∂] : cặp đôi Chair [t∫e∂] : ghế tựa 4. Cách đọc “AU” 4.1: AU đọc là [ɔ:] * Trong hầu hết các từ chứa AU Examples: Fault [fɔ:lt] : lỗi lầm Launch [lɔ:nt∫] : hạ thuỷ Audience [`ɔ:di∂ns]: khán giả Daughter [`dɔ:t∂] : con gái 4.2: AU đọc là [a:] Trong một số từ mà ta phải ghi nhớ Examples: Aunt [a:nt] : cô, dì thím mợ Laugh [la:f] : cười 5. Cách đọc “AW” * Tất cả các từ chứa AW thường đọc là [ɔ:] Examples: law [lɔ:] : luật pháp Draw [drɔ:] : kéo, lôi, vẽ Crawl [krɔ:l] : bò, bò lê Dawn [dɔ:n] : bình minh 6. Cách đọc “AY” AY thường được đọc là [ei] trong hầu hết các từ chứa AY Examples: Clay [klei] : đất sét Day [dei] : ngày Play [plei] : chơi, vở kịch Tray [trei] : khay Stay [stei] : ở lại Pay [pei] : trả * Ngoại lệ cần ghi nhớ: Quay [ki:] : bến cảng GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 5/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 Mayor [me∂] : thị trưởng Papaya [p∂`pai∂] : đu đủ 7. Cách đọc “EA” 7.1: EA đọc là [e] Trong các từ như : Head [hed] : đầu, đầu não Bread [bred] : bánh mì Breath [bre] : hơi thở Breakfast [`brekf∂st]: bữa ăn sáng Steady [`stedi]: vững chắc, đều đều Jealous [`d∂el∂s] : ghen tuông Measure [`meʒ∂] : đo lường Leather [`leðә] :da thuộc Pleasure [`pleʒә]: niềm vui, niềm vinh hạnh 7.2: EA đọc là [i:] Trong các từ như: East [i:st] : phương đông Easy [i:zi] : dễ dàng Heat [hi:t] : sức nóng Beam [bi:m] : tia sáng Dream [dri:m] : giấc mơ Breathe [bri:ð] : thở, thổi nhẹ Creature [`kri:t∫ә]: tạo vật, người 7.3: EA đọc là [ә:] Trong các từ như: Learn [lә:n] : học Earth [ә:] : trái đất Heard [hә:d] : quá khứ của hear Earn [ә:n] : kiếm sống Pearl [pә:l] : viên ngọc 7.4: EA đọc là [eә] Trong các từ như: Bear [beә] : con gấu Pear [peә] : quả lê Tear [teә] : xé rách Wear [weә] : mặc Swear [sweә] : thề 7.5: EA đọc là [iә] Trong các từ như: Tear [tiә]: nước mắt Clear [kliә] : rõ ràng Beard [biә:d] :râu 7.6: EA đọc là [ei] Trong các từ như: Great [greit]: vĩ đại, to lớn Break [breik] : làm vỡ Steak [steik] : lát mỏng Exercise 5/30 1. The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer.  Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike 2. He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery. He received a sentence of six months for his part in the robbery 3. You can eat as much as you like for 5$ at the new lunch-bar. There is no limit/restriction to how much you eat at the new lunch-bar 4. She wore a hearing-aid, even though she could hear the phone ring perfectly well. She wasn’t so deaf/hard of hearing that she couldn’t hear the phone 5. You will never meet anyone more generous than Mrs. Jones. Mrs. Jones is the most generous person you will/could ever meet/ (be likely) to meet 6. My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year.  I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year 7. It was his incompetence which led to their capture.  If he hadn’t been so incompetent they wouldn’t have been captured 8. I’m certainly not going to give you any more money.  I have no intention of giving you any more money ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 5 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 6 - Bài 2. PRONUNCIATION – ĐỌC PHIÊN ÂM - (ÔN TẬP) 8. Cách đọc “EE” 8.1: EE đọc là [i:] Trong các từ như: see [si:]: trông, they Free [fri:] : tự do Heel [hi:l] : gót Cheese [t∫i:z] : phó mát Agree [ә`gri:] : đồng ý 8.2: EE đọc là [iә] Khi EE đứng trước tận cùng R của 1 từ. Examples: Beer [biә] : bia rượu Cheer [t∫iә] : sự vui vẻ Deer [diә] : con nai Career [kә`riә]: nghề nghiệp 9. Cách đọc “EI” 9.1: EI đọc là [i:] Trong các từ như: Ceiling [`si:li] : trần nhà Deceive [disi:v]: lừa đảo Receipt [ri`si:t] : giấy biên lai 9.2: EI đọc là [ei] Trong các từ như: Eight [eit] : số 8 Weight [weit] : trọng lượng Freight [freit] : hàng hoá trên tàu Neighbour [`neibә]: hàng xóm GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 6/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 * Trong các từ như: Other [`aiðә]: cáI này hay cáI kia Height [hait] : chiều cao 9.3: EI đọc là [eә] Trong các từ như:: Heir [eә] : người thừa kế Their [ðeә] : của họ 9.4: EI đọc là [e] Trong các từ như:: Leisure [`leʒә] : sự nhàn rỗi Heifer [`hefә]: bò nái tơ 10. Cách đọc “EX” 10.1: EX đọc là “eks” Khi EX là âm tiết mang trọng âm: Examples: exercise [`eksәsaiz] : bài tập Excellent [`eksәlәnt]: tuyệt hảo 10.2: EX đọc là “iks” * Khi EX là âm tiết không mang trọng âm, đứng trước 1 PÂ: Examples: Explain [iks`plein]: giảI thích Experience [iks`piәriәns] : kinh nghiệm Experiment [iks`perimәnt]: thí nghiệm Expensive [iks`pensiv] : đắt đỏ 10.3: EX đọc là “igz” EX là âm tiết không mang trọng âm, đứng trước 1 nguyên âm hoặc âm H câm Examples: Examine [ig`zæmin]: sát hạch, kiểm tra Existence [ig`zistәns]: sự hiện hữu Exhibit [ig`zibit] : trưng bày, triển lãm Exhausted [ig`zɔ:stid] : kiệt sức. 11. Cách đọc “EY” 11.1: EY đọc là “ei” Trong các từ như: They [ðei] : họ Prey [prei] :cầu nguyện Grey [grei] : xám Obey [`bei] : vâng lời 11.2: EY đọc là “i:” Trong các từ như: Money [`mni:] : tiền Storey [`stɔri:] : tầng, lầu Key [ki:] : chìa khoá Exercise 6/30 1. I don’t think there will be any applicants for this post. (likelihood) There is little/no likelihood that there will be applicants for this post 2. It was difficult for Susan to believe the good news (hardly) Susan could hardly believe the good news 3. You must make allowances for his inexperience. (account) You must take his experience into account/ You must take account of his experience 4. This contract is not binding until we both sign it. (bound) Neither (one) of us is bound by this contract until we both sign it 5. He wasn’t to blame for the accident. (fault)  The accident was not his fault. 6. You shouldn’t take his help for granted. (assume) You should /do not assume (that) he will help you ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 6 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 7 - Bài 3. PHẦN II. TENSES – ÔN TẬP VỀ NGỮ PHÁP I. The simple present tense: 1. The form (+) S + V (-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V (?) Do/ Does + S + V? 2. The usage: - To denote actions that happened repeatedly. (She never comes late) - To denote long lasting events.(We live in Concord street) - To denote a true fact. (The earth moves around the Sun) 3. The recognition: - now/ nowadays/ today/ this summer/… - always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ occasionally/… - the proof of constant truth. 4. Notes: - To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/… (The train leaves at 9.00) - The division of “be”, “have”, “can, may, must”,… II. The present progressive tense: 1. The form: (+) S + am/ are/ is + V-ING (-) S + am/ are/ is + not + V-ING (?) Am/ Are/ Is + S + V-ING? 2. The usage: - To denote happening actions at the time of speaking. (She is teaching Maths) - To denote the intention/ prediction/ plan/…(She is coming soon) 3. The recognition: - now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at this moment/… - follow a command, request,… GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 7/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 4. Notes: - The ING-forms ( getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,…) - The omission of the verbs of awareness or sensation as: be/ see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/ want/ glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/…( use the simple present instead ) III. The present perfect tense: 1. The form: (+) S + have/ has + P.P (P2) (-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + P.P (P2) (?) Have/ Has + S + P.P (P2) 2. The usage: - To denote actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still happening at present. (We have lived here since 1990) - To denote actions that happened right before the time of speaking, using “just”. (She has just come from New York) - To denote unfulfilled actions with “yet”. (He hasn’t come yet) - To denote past actions; no certain time expression, using “already”. (We have already seen that film) 3. The recognition: - just = recently = lately. - ever/ never (comments) - already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/ up to now (present). Notes: - Past participles: (regular verbs adding “ed”./ irregular verbs “learn by heart”) - The differences between the present perfect and the simple past tense. - The present perfect progressive is used to denote past actions “happening”, or “will happen. The tense is often related to the verbs: live/ learn/ wait/ work/ study/… →“S + have/ has + been + V-ING” IV. The simple past tense: 1. The form: (pV = the past form of verbs) (+) S + Pv (-) S + didn’t + V (?) Did + S + V? 2. The usage: - To denote a finished past action. (We went to the park together) - To report past events, past habits, or long lasting action in the past. (She did all the work yesterday./ We used to sit next to each other.) 3. The recognition: - last week/ month/ year/… - yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/… 4. Notes: - The past form of the verbs: ( regular “V-ED”/ irregular (2nd column in the irregular verbs list)) - “ED” pronunciation /id/; /t/; /d/. V. The past progressive tense: 1. The form: (+) S + was/ were + V-ING (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ING (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ING? The usage: - To denote past happening actions. (She was watching T.V at 8.00 last night) - To denote past interrupting actions. (She was watching T.V when I came) 3. The recognition: - at 8.00 last night/ at that time/ at that moment/… - time clause with “when”, “while = as”. Notes: - actions that alternatively happened, use the simple past only. (When I heard a knock at the door, I came to open it. When I opened the door, I saw my mum.)- this is a timed action. VI. The past perfect tense: 1. The form: (+) S + had + P.P (P2) (-) S + (hadn’t) + P.P (P2) (?) Had + S + P.P (P2)? 2. The usage: - To denote past finished actions that happened and finished before a certain point of time or another past event (the past of the past tense). e.g: She had sold all the baskets before 9.00 yesterday. She had sold all the baskets when we came there yesterday. 3. The recognition: - when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/ for/… - The past perfect progressive “S + had been + V-ING” VII. The simple future tense: 1. The form: (+) S + will/ shall + V (-) S + will/ shall + V (?) Will/ Shall + S + V? - “shall” is restrictedly used only for I/We with the formal senses. - The negative forms “will not = won’t”, “shall not = shan’t”. 2. The usage: - To denote future actions. (They will build more hospitals) - To denote future plan/ idea/ timetable/…(The car will start in-time) 3. The recognition: - someday, tomorrow,…/ - next week/ month/ year/.. 4. Notes: “shan’t” is not used in conditional sentences./ “shall” is used as a suggestion/ invitation/…. 2. GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 8/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 Exercise 7/30 1. Our hotel booking hasn’t been confirmed.  We haven’t received confirmation of/about our hotel booking (yet). 2. The sales man told me that my new car would be delivered next Wednesday.  According to the salesman my new car would/will be delivered next Wednesday 3. The Yeti has very rarely been seen at this altitude.  There have been very few sightings of the Yeti at this altitude. 4. It’s not certain that Jones will get the job.  It is open to question (as to) whether Jones will get the job. 5. Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made.  No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining 6. As I get older, I want to travel less.  The older I get the less I want to travel. 7. A house in that district will cost you at least 100,000$.  You won’t be able to buy/get a house in that district for less than/under $100.000 8. Alan worked too hard at the office, and this led to his illness.  Alan’s illness was caused by/ due to/the result of his working too hard at the office. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 7 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 8 - Bài 4. PHẦN II. TENSES – ÔN TẬP VỀ NGỮ PHÁP VIII. Various forms of the future tenses: 1. The future progressive tense: 1.1. The form: (+) S + will be + V-ING (-) S + won’t be + V-ING (?) Will + S + be + V-ING? 1.2. The usage: - To denote timetables/ intentions/ plans/… using “at”. e.g: She will be watching T.V at 8.00 tonight. We will be staying at REX hotel at 5.00 next Sunday’s morning. - To show the future happening actions with “when”. Eg. She will be sitting at the gate when we come tomorrow. 2. The future perfect tense: 2.1. The form: (+) S + will have + P.P (P2) (-) S + won’t have + P.P (P2) (?) Will + S + have + P.P? 2.2. The usage: - To denote planned actions with “by”, “by the time”, “by then”. e.g: She will have finished the course by the next Friday/ by then. - To show a future schedule-finished action. e.g: The bridge will have been used by the next Autumn. 3. Other forms: a. The simple present tense: To denote a timetable, or a plan… e.g: A: When does he leave? B: He leaves tonight. b. The present progressive: To denote an intention. e.g: A: When are you leaving? B: I am leaving this afternoon. c. The “be + going to inf” form: To denote an intention or a near future action, an arrangement. e.g: She is going to celebrate her 34th birthday. They are going to get married. NOTES: CHÚ Ý THE SEQUENCES OF TENSES Main clause Subordinate clause - simple present tense./ - present perfect tense. Simple present tense. - present progressive tense./ - simple future tense. - “be going to V” form./ - simple past tense (certain point of past time). - simple past tense./ - past progressive tense. - past perfect tense./ - “would + V” form. Simple past tense - “be going to + V” past form./ - simple present tense (showing the truth). Present perfect tense Simple present tense. Past perfect tense Simple past tense. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Main clause Adverbial clauses (of time) Present tenses Present tenses When/ whenever/ as/ while/ before/ after/ as soon as/… Past tenses Past tenses When/ while/ as/ till/ until/ just as/ since/…. GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 9/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 Future tenses Present tenses No sooner than/ hardly…when/ as long as/…. Exercise 8/30 1. Mr. Bill managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbor helped him. (without) Without the help of his neighbor, Mr. Bill would/could not/never have repaired the garage roof. 2. Nobody is infallible. (mistakes) We all make mistakes/ Everyone makes mistakes/Everyone can make mistakes. 3. The last Olympic Games were held in Seoul. (took) The last Olympic Games took place in Seoul. 4. He talked about nothing except the weather (sole) His sale topic/subject of conversation was the weather. 5. In the end, I felt I had been right to leave the club. (regrets)  I had no regrets about/on/over leaving the club in the end 6. It is stupid of you to refuse Richard’s offer of a loan. (idiot) You are an idiot to refuse Richard’s offer of a loan. 7. The company has decided to replace this model. (intention) It’s the company’s intention to replace this model. 8. In the next few years we’ll probably hear a lot more about environmental pollution (likely) We’re likely to hear a lot more about environmental pollution in the next few years. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 8 ---------------------------------------------------- PHẦN III. PHRASES VS. CLAUSES – CỤM TỪ & MỆNH ĐỀ Buổi 9 - Bài 5. SUBORDINATE CLAUSES WITH CONJUNCTIONS – MĐ PHỤ VỚI LIÊN TỪ 1. The implication: not only _____, but also ____ = not only ____ , but _____ as well Hoặc: Subject + not only + verb + but also + verb Lu ý: sau but also/ sau not only. Eg. He is not only handsome but also talented./ Beth plays not only the guitar but also the violin. tinh từ tinh từ danh từ danh từ He writes not only correctly but also neatly./ Maria excels not only in mathematics but also in science. Adv adv ngừ giới từ ngừ giới từ Paul Anka not only plays the piano but also composes music. động từ động từ b. As well as Eg. subject + verb + as well as + verb ... Robert is talented as well as handsome./ Beth plays the guitar as well as the violin. tinh từ tinh từ danh từ danh từ He writes correctly as well as neatly. / Marta excels in mathematics as well as in science. Adv adv ngừ giới từ ngừ iới từ Paul Anka plays the piano as well as composes music. động từ động từ c. Both ... and Eg. Robert is both talented and handsome./ Beth plays both the guitar and the violin. tinh từ tinh từ danh từ danh từ He writes both correctly and neatly./ Marta excels both in mathematics and in science. Adv adv ngừ giới từ ngừ giới từ Paul Anka both plays the piano and composes music. động từ động từ 2. The norminal clause: Mệnh đề danh từ (tương ứng như danh từ, có thể làm S, C, O trong câu) a. That – clauses: Theo sau các động từ có ý giải thích với that, có thể đảo lên đầu câu làm chủ ngữ. Eg. The reason she left was that she dissatisfied with her work. = That she dissatisfied with her work was the reason she left. b. Wh – clauses: Đây là hình thái mệnh đề danh từ khá phổ biến, thường theo sau các ngoại động từ, ngoại động từ đa, đặc biệt ở cấu trúc câu gián tiếp. Eg. He didn’t know what to do first. They told them how to deal with the problem. Ha asked where he was going. She wanted to know what time the next train arrived. GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 10/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 c. Whether/ if – clauses: Dùng với cấu trúc câu hỏi nghi vấn ở câu gián tiếp. Eg. She asked if I could answer the phone. They wanted to know whether the train was any late Exercise 9/30 1. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.  As long as you (can) keep/stay calm, you will/should/ought to pass your driving test. 2. Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill. No sooner had he been/was he appointed to the post than the new editor fell ill. 3. The protest has been so vociferous that the committee has had to reconsider.  There has been such a vociferous protest that the committee has had to reconsider. 4. You think that fat people are always jolly but you are wrong.  Contrary to your belief/opinion, fat people are not always jolly. 5. My boss works better when he’s pressed for time.  The less time my boss has, the better he works. 6. The patient recovered more rapidly than expected.  The patient made a more rapid/a quicker/faster recovery than expected. 7. There isn’t a pair of thermal socks left in the shop, Madam.  We are completely (sold) out of thermal socks, Madam. 8. Their chances of success are small.  It is not very) likely (that) they will succeed. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 9 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 10 - Bài 2. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE – CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH 1. The phrases of purpose: to V/ so as to V/ in order to V và dạng phủ định S + verb + to/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb = To/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb, S + verb Eg. To be better at English, he attended an evening class = He attended an evening class to be better at English. In order to be better at English, he attended an extra-class. He attended an extra-class so as to be better at English. 2. The clause of purpose with “so/ therefore” S + V, so S + V hay S + V, therefore S + V Eg. It rained so heavily, so we cancelled the trip. He learned hard, therefore he got better and better grades REWRITE SENTENCES 1. “ Why don’t you put better lock on the door, Barbara”? said John => John suggested__________________. 2. Although his both legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded. => Despite his__________________. 3. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before. => This is the first__________________. 4. The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house. => Plans__________________. 5. It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday => You__________________. 6. “ How many survivors are there?”, asked the journalist. => The journalist wanted to know__________________. 7. It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away. => The meat was__________________. 8. It is essential that Professor Van Helsing is met at the airport => Professor Van Helsing __________________. 9. You can’t visit the USA unless you have a visa. => If you__________________. 10. “ Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet”? asked Peter. => Peter asked if__________________. 11. She started working as a secretary five years ago. => She has__________________. 12. She knows a lot more about it than I do. GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 11/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 => I don’t know__________________. 13. My French friend finds driving on the left difficult => My French friend isn’t__________________. 14. They think the owner of the house is abroad. => The owner__________________. 15. We didn’t go on holiday because we did not have enough money => If we__________________. 16. The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was rough. => The sea was too__________________. 17. The mechanic serviced my car last week => I__________________. 18. I’m always nervous when I travel by air. => Travelling __________________. 19. He couldn’t afford to buy the car, => The car __________________. 20. “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?” he asked => He suggested__________________. 21. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job. => In spite of__________________. 22. I’m sorry I missed your birthday party => I wish__________________. 23. They haven’t cleaned the streets this week. => The streets__________________. 24. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges. => Apple are not__________________. 25. I advice you to put your money in the bank. => You’d__________________. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 10 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 11 + 12 - Bài 3. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION – NHƯỢNG BỘ 1. Phrases of concession with: despite / in spite of Despite/ In spite of + danh từ/ ngữ danh từ Eg. Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman. In spite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman. Jane will be admitted to the university despite her bad grades. Jane will be admitted to the university in spite of her bad grades. 2. Clauses of concession with: although, even though, though Although/ Though/ Even though S + V, S + V = S + V although/ though/ even though S + V Eg. Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman. Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has a bad grades. Eg. He promised to call me, but till now I haven’t received any call from him, though. In spite of the bad weather, we are going to have a picnic. The child ate the cookie even though his mother had told him not to. Although the weather was very bad, we had a picnic. The committee voted to ratify the amendment despite the objections. Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep. She attended the class although she did not feel alert. 3. Clauses of concession with: despite/ in spite of the fact that Despite/ In spite of + the fact that S + V S + V =S + V despite/ in spite of + the fact that S + V Note: In spite of the fact that the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic. The child ate the cookie despite the fact that his mother had told him not to Exercise 10/30 1. Their problems are all self-inflicted. (making) Their problems are all of their own making. 2. The travel agent was able to offer a 50% reduction on holidays to the Costa Brava. (half) The travel agent was able to offer half-price holidays to the Costa Brava. GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 12/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 3. If you take that job, you’ll have to get up at 6 a.m every morning. (mean)  Taking that job will mean (that) you’ll have to get up at 6a.m every morning. 4. The only thing they could do was to look for a new flat. (alternative) They had no alternative but to look for a new flat. 5. His last letter to me was written three years ago. (heard) I haven’t heard from him for 3 years/I last heard from him 3 years ago. 6. If only one could rely on what she says. (pity) It’s a pity (that) one/we cannot rely on what she says. 7. An open fire can’t be compared to central heating. (comparison) There is no comparison between an open fire and central heating. 8. I remember very few things about my childhood. (scarcely) I can scarcely remember anything /a thing about my childhood. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 12 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 13 - Bài 4. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES I. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN CƠ BẢN – MAIN FORMS: (gồm 3 loại) 1. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1- REAL CONDITION) a. form: If S – V(hiện tại), S will V. = S will V if S – V(hiện tại). b. usage: - kết quả ở mệnh đề kết quả có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hay tương lai. - gọi là câu điều kiện có thực. c. examples: - If it stays nice, we will go out. = We will go out if it stays nice. d. notes: Unless = If ____ not - If you don’t study harder, you will fail the exam. = Unless you study harder, you will fail the exam. - He will fail the exam unless he is more industrious. = He will fail the exam if he isn’t more industrious 2. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2- UNREAL PRESENT CONDITION) a. form: If S – V(quá khứ/ riêng với to be = were với mọi chủ ngữ), S would V. b. usage: - kết quả ở mệnh đề kết quả không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại vì điều kiện ở mđ đk chỉ là giả định. - gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại. c. examples: - If it were nice, we would go out. = In fact, it is not nice so we don’t go out anymore. d. notes: có thể đảo were lên đầu thay cho if -If I were ten years younger, I would marry her. = Were I ten years younger, I would marry her. 3. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 3- UNREAL PAST CONDITION) a. form: If S had P.P, S would have P.P. b. usage: - kết quả ở mệnh đề kết quả không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ vì điều kiện ở mđ đk chỉ là giả định. - gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực ở quá khứ. c. examples: - If it hadn’t been for your help, we would not have overcome those problems. = In fact, we overcame those problems, thanks to your help. d. notes: có thể đảo had lên đầu thay cho if -If I had been there, I would have helped her. = Had I been there, I would have helped her. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH If I ____ a lot of money now, I ____ a new car. A. have/will buy B. have / would buy C. had/ will buy If I ____ you, I ____ do that. A. am/ will B. were/would C. were/ will If I were offered the job, I think I ____ it. A. take B. will take C. would take I would be very surprised if he____ A. refuses B. refused C. had refused Many people would be out of work if that factory____ down. A. closes B. had closed C. closed 6. If she sold her car, she ____ much money. A. gets B. would get C. will get They would be disappointed if we____ A. hadn’t come B. wouldn’t come C. don’t come Would John be angry if I ____ his bicycle without asking? A. take B. took C. had taken D. had/ would buy. D. had been/ would. D. would have taken. D. would refuse. D. would close. D. would have got. D. didn’t come. D. would take. GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 13/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 9. She ____ terrible upset if I lost this ring. A. will be B. would be C. were D. had been. 10. If someone____ in here with a gun, I would be very frightened. A. would walk B. walks C. had walked D. walked. 11. What would happen if you ____ to work tomorrow? A. don’t go B. didn’t go C. won’t go D. wouldn’t go. 12. We‘ll get wet if we ____ out. A. go B. did go C. went 13. If I go shopping, I ____ some food. A. buy B. will buy C. would buy 14. If I find it, I ____ you. A. will tell B. would tell C. had told 15. What would you do if you____ a million dollars? A. would win B. win C. had won D. had gone. D. would have bought. D. told. D. won. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 13 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 14- Bài 5. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1. Dùng “or else”/ “otherwise”/ “or” Examples: - Cut your hair, or they won’t let you in. (= If you don’t cut your hair, they won’t let you in, hoặc Unless you cut your hair, they won’t let you in) - Cut your hair, otherwise they won’t let you in. (= If you don’t cut your hair, they won’t let you in, hoặc Unless you cut your hair, they won’t let you in) 2. Special uses of “if” clauses – Một số cách sử dụng của mệnh đề “If” If you will /would. Eg. If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr. John is here. I would be very grateful if you will/ would make an arrangement for me. If you could + verb in simple form. Eg. If you could fill in this form. If you could open your books. If + S + will / would. Eg. If he will (would) listen to me, I can help him. If + S + will. Eg. If you will learn English this way, a failure for TOFEL test is sure awaiting you. If + S +should. Eg. If you shouldn’t know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number. If you should have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me. Eg. Should you have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me. Should it be cloudy and gray, the ground hog will supposedly wander around for food - a sign that spring is near. 3. Special conditions: even if + negative verb You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready. Whether or not + positive verb He likes watching TV whether or not the show is god. unless + positive verb = if ... not If you don’t start at once, you will be late. = You will be late unless you start at once. But for that + unreal condition Her father pays her fees, but for that she wouldn’t be here ( but she is here) present would V My car broke down, but for that I could have come in time. past would have V-ed otherwise + conditional sentence Her father pays her fees, otherwise she couldn’t be here. present would V I used a computer, otherwise it would have taken longer. past would have V-ed GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 14/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 Provided/ providing (that) You can camp here provided (that) you leave no mess. Suppose/ supposing ? = what ... if ...? Suppose the plane is late? = what will happen if the plane is late? What if I’mor If only + simple present / will V = hope that s will v If only he comes in time / If only he will head your advice. If only + simple past/ past perfect = wish that If only he didn’t smoke. (but he doesn’t) If only she had come in time. (but she didn’t) if only + would verb - chỉ khi, mong sao 4. Mixed conditions: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp đăc biệt. a. For a true action: Với khả năng thực tế, câu mệnh lệnh. Eg. If she comes, call me. (= Maybe she is coming or she has promised to come) If the weather stays fine, we can arrive on time. (= The weather is now fine and there’s no sign of the bad changes) b. For a suggestion: Với lời đề nghị, khuyên răn. Eg. If she comes, you should call me. (= I suggest calling me when she comes) You’d better cancel the project if it is possible. (= It’s best for you to cancel the project) c. For a present subjunction but past unfulfilled result. Với giả định hiện tại mà kết quả không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ. Điều giả định này luôn đúng ở hiện tại. Eg. If I were you, I would have agreed with him yesterday. (The action hadn’t been done in the past but the subjunction is at present. Mãi mãi tôi vẫn không thể là cậu được, đây là thực tế nên không cần chuyển điều kiện về quá khứ hoàn thành) c. For a past subjunction but present unfulfilled result. Với giả định quá khứ mà kết quả không thể xảy ra ở hiện tai. Điều giả định này được coi là quá khứ của quá khứ, nhưng kết quả là phi lý. Eg. If I had been there last time, I would agree to lend him the money. (The action hasn’t been done up to now, this is only my regret. Sự tiếc nuối của tôi khi nghe bạn thuật lại vụ việc giả định của tôi rơi vào hoàn cảnh quá khứ, nhưng kết quả này đã không xảy ra trước đó Give the correct form of verbs in these sentences 1. If Jonathan met his uncle yesterday, he (know) ______ the truth about his parents. 2. Supposed that there (be) ______ no money, how would people live? 3. He will be playing in the garden with his friends now if he (finish) _______his work. 4. His parents (not be) ______ disappointed if he had passed the entrance examination. 5. I (buy) ______ a new house if I have much money next year. 6. Providing that he didn't tell lie, many friends (believe) ______ in him. 7. Linda will go to visit Vietnam next year on condition that she (save) ______ now. 8. Our life (be) ______ improved unless there were no technological development. 9. If you has been learning English for a long time, you (communicate) ______ with the foreigners. 10. If Jimmy went to Moscow last week, he (visit) ______ many famous sight-seeings. 11. Unless he was not working at midnight yesterday, he (sleep) ______ now. 12. He prepared for his exam very carefully. Otherwise, he (not, pass) ______ that important exam. 13. He finished his home assignment. If not, the teacher (be) ______ very angry. 14. Were he to remember her birthday, she (not, say) ______ goodbye to him. 15. Should you work hard, you (not, succeed) ______. 16. I have to inform him the news. If not, he (be) ______ very bad-tempered. 17. John would have been staying with us this month if he (not, have) ______ a bad quarrel with my younger brother. 18. Had she returned home from her business trip, she (visit) ______ me tomorrow. 19. The temple would be in better condition now on condition that it (rebuild) ___ for many years ago. 20. If my father went to Manchester last week, he (visit) ______ Real next week. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 14 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 15 - Bài 6. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON – NGUYÊN NHÂN, LÍ DO 1. Because/ because of GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 15/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 - Because Because S + V, S+ V = S + V because S + V - Because of Notes: ... because of + danh từ/ cụm danh từ Jan was worried because it had started to rain. = Jan was worried because of the rain. Subject verb noun The students arrived late because there was a traffic jam. verb subject The students arrived late because of the traffic jam. noun phrase We have to cut down on our driving because there is an oil shortage. verb subject We have to cut down on our driving because of the oil shortage. noun phrase 2. Special verbs a. have/ get / make to have sb do st = to get sb to do st e.g. Mary had John wash the car (John washed the car). Mary got John to wash the car. (John washed the car.) to have / get st done Eg. Mary got the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.) Mary had the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.) I have the laundry washed. (the laundry is washed by someone) to want / like something done Eg. - What do you want done to your motorbike? - I’d like it repaired and cleaned - I want it repaired and cleaned. to make sb do st = to force sb to do st Eg. The robber forced the teller to give him the money. = The robber made the teller give him the money. to make sb do st = to cause st +P2 Eg. Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday. The hurricane caused many water front houses damaged. b. to make sb / st + adjective Eg. Wearing flowers made her more beautiful. to find + sb/ sth + adjective (P1- P2) Eg. I found her quite interesting to talk to. My sister found snakes frightening. We found the boy frightened. c. Let. let sb do st = to allow/ permit sb to do st Eg. John let his daughter swim with her friends. (John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.) (John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.) The teacher let the students leave class early./ The policeman let the suspect make one phone call. Dr. Jones is letting the students hand in the papers on Monday. Mrs. Binion let her son spend the night with a friend./ We are going to let her write the letter. Mr. Brown always lets his children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings. d. Help. to help sb do/ to do st Eg. John helped Mary wash the dishes. Jorge helped the old woman with the packages (to) find a taxi. The teacher helped Carolina find the research materials. Eg. This wonderful drug helps (people to) recover more quickly. Eg. The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation Exercise 11/30 1. The rail workers do not intend to call off their strike. GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 16/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.  The rail workers have no intention of calling off their strike. Mrs. Scott is proud of her cooking. Mrs. Scott prides herself on her cooking/on being a good cook. It was the goalkeeper who saved the match for us.  If it hadn’t been for the goalkeeper we could/would have lost the match. It wasn’t a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job. It came as no surprise (to me) (to hear) that Karen had changed her job. You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won’t succeed.  There’s no point in) (you/your) trying to get Tim to lend you his car/to borrow Tim’s car. John didn’t celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing.  Not until John (had) received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate. I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achievements. Much as I admire her achievements, I don’t really like her. It’s thought that the accident was caused by human error.  The accident is thought/believed to have been caused by human error. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 15 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 16 - Bài 7. COMPARISON – SO SÁNH 1. Các cấp so sánh thông dụng với tính từ và trạng từ: (so sánh bằng, hơn, hơn nhất) 1.1. Positive degree: so sánh bằng as + adjs + as Eg: - She is as tall as my wife. - Peter was as hard-working as I was (me). 1.2. Comparative degree: so sánh hơn 1.2.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết adjs-ER + than Eg: - Lan is shorter than Na - She was better at English than we were (us) 1.2.2. Multisyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết more + adjs + than Eg: - She was more hard-working than us. - We are more intelligent than him. 1.3. Superlative degree: so sánh hơn nhất 1.3.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết the adjs-EST Eg: - Nam is the best in our class. - She was the kindest lady I’ve ever met. 1.3.2. Multisyllable- adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết the most + adjs Eg: - Sharol was the most intelligent in my group. - She is the most hard-working girl I’ve ever known. Notes: For adjectives ending in “er”, “y”, “ly”, or the irregular cases: Adjective Comparative Superlative Adjective Comparative Superlative clever cleverer the cleverest bad worse the worst pretty prettier the prettiest far farther/ further the farthest/ furthest happy happier the happiest little less the least silly sillier the silliest man / much more the most good better the best old older/ elder the oldest/ eldest 1.4. Parallel: so sánh song song và so sánh thăng tiến - “The…..the”: The older she gets, the wiser she become. - And: It’s getting darker and darker. She has now more and more free time. - Gerunds/ infinitives: Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a bike. It’s nicer/ better/ more fun to go with someone than to go alone 1.5. Like/ alike: Tom is very like Bill. Tom and Bill are alike. 1.6. Like/ as: He swims like a fish. You look like a ghost. Do as I told you. 1.7. Like + N/ as + N: He worked like a slave (He worked very hard/ He wasn’t a slave). He worked as a slave (He was a slave in fact). 1.8. The adjectives: The rich, the poor,… 2. Practice test: 1. Sarah is ____ at chemistry than Susan. A. good B. well C. better D. best 2. I don’t work so hard ____ my father. A. so B. as C. than D. more GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 17/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 3. Sam is the ____ student in my class. A. tall B. most tall C. taller D. tallest 4. No one in my class is ____ beautiful ____ her. A. as/as B. more/as C. as/than D. the/more 5. Going by train isn’t ____ convenient as going by car. A. so B. as C. more D. A & B are correct. 6. The test is not ____ difficult ____ it was last month. A. as / as B. so / as C. more / as D. A & B are correct. 7. Peter usually drives ____ Mary A. more fast B. fast than C. faster than D. B & C are correct. 8. She cooked ____ than you. A. well B. more good C. better D. more well 9. This film is ____ interesting than that film. A. most B. less C. as D. so 10. My salary is ____ his salary. A. high B. more high C. higher than D. more higher than 11. He works ____ we do. A. harder B. as hard as C. harder D. so hard as 12. No one in this class is ____ Jimmy. A. so tall as B. tall than C. the tallest D. more tall than 13. Apples are usually ____ oranges. A. cheap than B. more cheap C. the cheapest D. cheaper than 14. I know him ____ than you do. A. better B. more well C. good D. the best 15. ________ you are, ____________ you concentrate. A. Tired/the least hard B. The more tired/the harder C. The tireder/the harder D. The tired/the harder ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 16 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 17 - Bài 8. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES – GIẢ ĐỊNH 1. The use of “as if/ as though” a. The present sense: S + verb (simple present) + as if/ as though + S + verb (simple past) Eg. The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer. (It is not winter.) hiện tại giả định quá khứ Angelique walks as though she studied modelling. (She didn’t study modelling) hiện tại giả định quá khứ He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich) hiện tại giả định quá khứ b. The past sense: S + verb (simple past) + as if/ as though + S + verb (past perfect) Eg. Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize. (She didn’t win the grand prize.) Past simple past perfect Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost. (She didn’t see a ghost.) Past simple past perfect He looked as though he had run ten miles. (He didn’t run ten miles.) Past simple past perfect 2. The use of with and hope: Eg. I hope that they will come. ( I don’t know if they are coming.) We hope that they came yesterday. ( We don’t know if they came.) a. The future sense: Would / could + verb or were + Ving. S+ wish + (that) + S* + could/ would/ were + verb/ Ving Eg. We wish that you could come to the party tonight. (You can’t come.) I wish that you would stop saying that. (You probably won’t stop.) She wish that she were coming with us. ( She is not coming with us.) GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 18/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 b. The present sense: S + wish + (that) + S* + verb in simple past ... Eg. I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework. ( I don’t have enough time.) We wish that he were old enough to come with us. ( He is not old enough.) They wish that they didn’t have to go to class today. ( They have to go to class.) c. The past sense: S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect/ could have + P2 Eg. I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. ( I didn’t wash the clothes yesterday.) She wish that she could have been there. ( She couldn’t be there.) We wish that we had had more time last night. ( We didn’t have more time.) Notes. He wished that he could come to the party next week. quá khứ giả định quá khứ tương lai The photographer wished that we stood closer together than we are standing now. quá khứ giả định quá khứ hiện tại Eg. to wish somebody something I wish you a happy birthday. Exercise 12/30 1. Some people say that Tsiolkovsky invented the space rocket. (credited) Tsiolkovsky is/has been credited with the invention of the space rocket. 2. I daren’t turn on the TV because the baby might wake up. (fear) I daren’t turn on the TV for fear of waking up the baby. 3. Some people will do anything to lose weight. (lengths)  Some people will do any/great lengths to lose weight 4. The two theories appear to be completely different. (common) The 2 theories (appear to) have (got) nothing in common/no common ground 5. Several members of the committee said they were worried about the chairman’s proposals. (concern) Several members of the committee expressed concern about/at/over the chairman’s proposal 6. The river Volta overflowed last year. (burst) The river Volta burst its banks last year 7. He doesn’t appreciate his wife. (granted) He takes his wife for granted 8. The number of people out of work has been going down little by little. (gradual)  There has been a gradual decrease/decline/fall in the number of people out of work. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 17 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 18 - Bài 8. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES – GIẢ ĐỊNH 1. Một số động từ dùng dạng giả định To hear To hear O do something O doing something To watch To watch To see To see eg. I didn’t hear the telephone ring OR I didn’t hear the telephone ringing 2. advise decree move propose Require ask demand order recommend stipulate command insist prefer request suggest/urge or S1 + verb + that + S 2+ [verb in simple form] ... Eg. We urge that he leave now. Eg. We urge him to leave now. The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately. The university requires that all its students take this course. The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking./ Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished. We proposed that he take a vacation./ I move that we adjourn until this afternoon. b. advised mandatory obligatory recommended suggested urgent GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 19/36 TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾẾN SƠN – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY CHUYẾN ĐẾỀ MÔN TIẾẾNG ANH KHÔẾI 12 important necessary proposed required imperative or It + be + adjective + that + S + [verb in simple form ]... ( any tense) It is necessary that he find the books. It was urgent that she leave at once./ It has been proposed that we change the topic. It is important that you remember this question. It has been suggested that he forget the election. It was recommended that we wait for the authorities. c. It + be + noun + that + S + [verb in simple form ]... ( any tense) Eg. It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stop smoking. d. Eg. God save the queen !. God be with you ! = good bye (khi chia tay nhau) Curse this frog! Come what may: Come what may we will stand by you. If need be: If need be we can take another road. If this be proven right, you would be considered innocent. e. it is time It is time (for sb) to do st : Eg. It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time). It is time subject + simple past It is high time It is about time Exercise 13/30 1. House prices have risen dramatically this year.  There has been a dramatic increase in (the) house prices this year. 2. This affair does not concern you.  This affair is no concern/business of yours. 3. You must submit articles for the magazine by June 18th. The final date for you to submit articles for the magazine is June 18th . 4. Although Jimmy was the stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him. Despite his(superior) strength Jimmy was (soon) overpowered by his attacker. 5. What a surprise to see you here! Fancy seeing you here. 6. I don’t intend to apologize to either of them.  I have no intention of apologizing to either of them. 7. It was only when I left home that I realized how much my father meant to me. Not until(after) I (had) left home did I realize how much my father meant to me. 8. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended. Had it not been for the attendance/appearance of a famous film star the party would have been a failure. ---------------------------------------------------- KẾẾT THÚC BU ỔI 18 ---------------------------------------------------- Buổi 19 - Bài 9. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT – KẾT QUẢ 1. Phrase of result: Thường dùng với “TOO”/ “ENOUGH” theo cấu trúc sau: S + be (look/ seem/ get/ become/…) + too ADJ (for O) + to V S + V + too ADV (for O) + to V Eg. He is too short to play football./ He ran too slowly to become the winner of the race. S + be + ADJ enough (for O) + to V hay S + V + ADV enough (for O) + to V Eg. She isn’t old enough to drive a car. / He spoke English well enough to be an interpreter. 2. Clause of result: S + verb + so that / in order that + S + verb He studied very hard so that he could pass the test. She is sending the package early so that it will arrive in time for her sister’s birthday. Damien is practicing the guitar so that he can play for the dance. I am learning German so that I will be able to speak it when I go to Austria next summer. Susan drove to Miami instead of flying so that she could save money. GV: ĐÔỖ VĂN BÌNH- [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel: +84 987 827 866 Trang 20/36