C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam
20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of
renovation and development
C«ng
Vietnamese
nghiÖpindustry
ViÖt Nam
in20
20n¨m
years®æi
of míi
renovation
vµ ph¸tand
triÓn
development
3
Lêi nãi ®Çu
Tr¶i qua 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn, nÒn kinh tÕ - x· héi
ViÖt Nam ®· cã nh÷ng thay ®æi s©u s¾c. C¬ cÊu kinh tÕ chuyÓn dÞch theo
h−íng tÝch cùc vµ cã lîi cho quèc kÕ d©n sinh, c¸c thµnh phÇn kinh tÕ
®Òu ph¸t triÓn. Ngµnh C«ng nghiÖp ®· ®¹t ®−îc b−íc ph¸t triÓn m¹nh mÏ
theo ®−êng lèi c«ng nghiÖp ho¸, hiÖn ®¹i ho¸. §Ó cung cÊp ®−îc th«ng
tin ®Çy ®ñ h¬n, hÖ thèng h¬n, Tæng côc Thèng kª biªn so¹n vµ c«ng bè
cuèn s¸ch “C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn” nh»m
phôc vô ®«ng ®¶o c¸c ®èi t−îng dïng tin trong vµ ngoµi n−íc, nhÊt lµ
c¸c nhµ nghiªn cøu, ph©n tÝch, ho¹ch ®Þnh chÝnh s¸ch vµ c¸c nhµ ®Çu t−.
“C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn” ®−îc xuÊt
b¶n tiÕp theo tËp sè liÖu 5 n¨m 1981-1985 lµ bé sè liÖu thèng kª c«ng
nghiÖp hoµn chØnh ®−îc thu thËp, xö lý vµ ph©n tÝch trªn ph¹m vi c¶
n−íc theo c¸c chuÈn mùc quèc tÕ. Sè liÖu trong cuèn s¸ch nµy ®· ®−îc
hÖ thèng ho¸ nh»m ph¶n ¸nh kh¸i qu¸t t×nh h×nh ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam trong giai ®o¹n 1986-2005. Cuèn s¸ch
®−îc tr×nh bµy trong 3 phÇn:
PhÇn 1: Nh÷ng kh¸i niÖm, néi dung, gi¶i thÝch chung vÒ c¸c ph©n
tæ, chØ tiªu vµ ph¹m vi sè liÖu.
PhÇn 2: Ph©n tÝch tæng quan ph¸t triÓn c«ng nghiÖp thêi kú
1986-2005.
PhÇn 3: Bé sè liÖu c«ng nghiÖp tõ 1985-2005 ®−îc s¾p xÕp theo c¸c
chØ tiªu:
1- Mét sè chØ tiªu so s¸nh cña thêi kú ®æi míi (2005) víi tr−íc ®æi
míi (1985 vÒ tr−íc) vµ víi mét sè n−íc ASEAN.
2- ChØ sè ph¸t triÓn chung toµn ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp tõ n¨m 1955
®Õn 2005.
4
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
foreword
Over 20 years of renovation and development, Vietnamese
socio-economy has made remarkable changes. Economic structure
changed to active direction and make profit to national welfare and
the people’s livelihood, to the development of economic sectors.
Industrial sector achieved
strong
development
oriented
industrializa-tion and modernization. To provide more complete and
systematic information, “Vietnamese industry in 20 years of
renovation and development” is compiled and published by General
Statistics Office (GSO) to users inside and outside the country,
especially researchers, policy makers as well as investors.
“Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and
development” which is published following the 5-year data book
1981-1985, is the fully industrial statistics data set collected,
processed and analyzed nationwide according to international
standards. The data in this book has been systematized to reflect
generally the Vietnamese industrial renovation and development in
the period of 1986-2005. The content of the book includes 3 parts:
Part 1: Conceptions, definitions and explanatory notes related
to classifications, indicators and data scope.
Part 2: The over view of Vietnamese industry’s development
after 20-year renovation 1986-2005.
Part 3: Industrial data set 1985-2005 is ordered by:
1- Some indicators of renovation period (2005) comparing the
pre-renovation (before 1985) and some ASEAN nations.
2- General development indexes of whole industry from 1955
to 2005.
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and development
5
3- C¬ cÊu chung cña toµn ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp tõ n¨m 1955 ®Õn
2005.
4- Gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp theo gi¸ cè ®Þnh 1985-2005.
- Gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp tÝnh theo c¸c b¶ng gi¸ cè
®Þnh 1961, 1970, 1982, 1989 vµ 1994.
- ChØ sè ph¸t triÓn s¶n xuÊt.
- C¬ cÊu gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt.
5- Gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp theo gi¸ thùc tÕ tõ n¨m
2000-2004.
- Gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt.
- C¬ cÊu gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt.
6- S¶n phÈm chñ yÕu ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp tõ 1985-2005
- S¶n phÈm chñ yÕu (Chung vµ ph©n theo tØnh).
- S¶n phÈm b×nh qu©n ®Çu ng−êi.
7- C¬ së s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp 1985-2004.
8- Lao ®éng trong c¸c c¬ së s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp 1985-2004.
9- Nguån vèn s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp 1990-2004.
10- Tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh vµ ®Çu t− tµi chÝnh dµi h¹n ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp
1990-2004.
11- Tû suÊt lîi nhuËn cña 1 ®ång vèn s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh cña
doanh nghiÖp c«ng nghiÖp 2000-2004.
12- Tû lÖ nép ng©n s¸ch so víi doanh thu cña doanh nghiÖp c«ng
nghiÖp 2000-2004.
13- Møc trang bÞ vèn cho mét lao ®éng c«ng nghiÖp 1995-2004.
14- Møc trang bÞ tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh cho mét lao ®éng c«ng nghiÖp
1995-2004.
15- Tû träng c¸c ngµnh cã c«ng nghÖ cao, trung b×nh vµ thÊp trong
ngµnh C«ng nghiÖp chÕ biÕn 2000-2004.
6
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
3- General structure of whole industry from 1955 to 2005.
4- Industrial output value at constant price 1985-2005.
- Industrial output value at constant price of 1961, 1970,
1982, 1989 and 1994.
- Production development index.
- Output value structure.
5- Industrial output value at current price 1985-2005.
- Industrial output value.
- Output value structure.
6- Main industrial products from 1985 to 2005.
- Main industrial products (nationwide and by provinces)
- Average products.
7- Industrial establishments 1985-2004.
8- Employees in industrial establishments 1985-2004.
9- Capital of industrial production 1990-2004.
10- Industrial fixed assets and long-term investment 1990-2004.
11- Profit rate of industrial enterprises 2000-2004.
12- Budgetary contribution-revenue
enterprises 2000-2004.
rate
of
industrial
13- Average capital for an industrial employee 1955-2004.
14- Average fixed assets for an industrial employee 1995-2004.
15- Proportion of sectors having high, medium and low
technology in manufacturing 2000-2004.
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and development
7
Víi néi dung nãi trªn, cuèn s¸ch nµy kh«ng chØ gióp ng−êi sö
dông cã c¸i nh×n tæng qu¸t vÒ nh÷ng thµnh tùu ph¸t triÓn c«ng nghiÖp
ViÖt Nam trong chÆng ®−êng ®æi míi vµ héi nhËp quèc tÕ 20 n¨m qua
mµ cßn gîi më nh÷ng suy nghÜ vÒ ®Þnh h−íng ph¸t triÓn c«ng nghiÖp
n−íc ta trong t−¬ng lai.
Trong qu¸ tr×nh biªn so¹n ch¾c ch¾n kh«ng tr¸nh khái thiÕu sãt,
chóng t«i rÊt mong nhËn ®−îc nhiÒu ý kiÕn ®ãng gãp cña c¸c ®èi t−îng
sö dông th«ng tin trong vµ ngoµi n−íc ®Ó gióp cho viÖc c¶i tiÕn c«ng t¸c
biªn so¹n sè liÖu thèng kª c«ng nghiÖp ngµy mét tèt h¬n.
§Þa chØ liªn hÖ:
Vô Thèng kª C«ng nghiÖp vµ X©y dùng, sè 2 Hoµng V¨n Thô,
Ba §×nh, Hµ Néi. §iÖn tho¹i : 7343793, Fax: 8438907.
Tæng côc Thèng kª
8
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
With above contents, the publication it is not only help users
having a comprehensive view on Vietnam industrial achievements in
renovation and international integration over 20 years but also guide
the orientation of national industrial development in the future.
It is surely that there are shortcomings in compiling the
publication. We are looking forward to receiving valuable suggestions
of all users inside and outside the country to promote industrial
statistics data compilation better and better.
Address:
Construction and Industry statistics Department,
No. 2 Hoang Van Thu Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi city.
Tel: 7343793, Fax: 8438907.
General statistics office
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and development
9
PhÇn I
Nh÷ng kh¸i niÖm, néi dung, gi¶i thÝch chung
vÒ c¸c ph©n tæ, chØ tiªu vµ ph¹m vi sè liÖu
1. C¸c ký hiÖu nghiÖp vô
= Kh«ng cã hiÖn t−îng
...
= Cã hiÖn t−îng nh−ng kh«ng thu thËp ®−îc sè liÖu
0,0
= Nhá h¬n 0,1 ®¬n vÞ tÝnh
2. C¸c ký hiÖu viÕt t¾t
CN
= C«ng nghiÖp
DNNN
= Doanh nghiÖp Nhµ n−íc
SX
= S¶n xuÊt
NQD
= Ngoµi quèc doanh
TNHH
= Tr¸ch nhiÖm h÷u h¹n
TBMM
= ThiÕt bÞ m¸y mãc
Cty
= C«ng ty
TP
= Thµnh phè
3. Ph¹m vi ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp bao gåm:
- C«ng nghiÖp khai th¸c má
- C«ng nghiÖp chÕ biÕn
- S¶n xuÊt, tËp trung vµ ph©n phèi ®iÖn, ga, n−íc
4. L−u ý khi sö dông sè liÖu ph©n tæ theo ngµnh vµ theo ®Þa
ph−¬ng:
V× trong 20 n¨m c¸c danh môc ph©n tæ cã thay ®æi nªn sè liÖu mçi
thêi kú ®−îc ph©n theo qui ®Þnh hiÖn hµnh. Cô thÓ:
4.1. Ph©n ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp cÊp 2
Tõ 1985-1994 ph©n theo 19 ngµnh.
Tõ 1995-2005 ph©n theo 30 ngµnh.
10
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
part i
conceptions, definitions and explanatory
notes related to classifications, inclicatos
and data scope
1. Specific notations
-
= No appear
...
= Appear but not collect data yet
0.0
= Less than 0.1 unit
2. Some brief notations
CN
= Industry
DNNN
= State enterprise
SX
= Production
NQD
= Non-State
TNHH
= Limited
TBMM
= Equipment
Cty
= Company
TP
= City
3. Scope of industrial sector:
- Mining and quarrying.
- Manufacturing.
- Electricity, gas and water supply.
4. Some notes for using data by sectors and provinces:
Data of each period is divided by regulations at that time because of
alternative classification lists, specify:
4.1. By Industrial classification level 2
Period of 1985-1994 classified by 19 sectors.
Period of 1995-2005 classified by 30 sectors.
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and development
11
4.2. Ph©n theo tØnh, thµnh phè
Tõ 1985-1995 ph©n theo 53 tØnh, TP
Tõ 1996-2005 ph©n theo 64 tØnh, TP
5. Kh¸i niÖm, néi dung vµ ph−¬ng ph¸p tÝnh mét sè chØ tiªu
thèng kª ®−îc c«ng bè trong s¸ch:
5.1. C¬ së s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp: Bao gåm doanh nghiÖp c«ng
nghiÖp vµ c¬ së c«ng nghiÖp c¸ thÓ.
5.2. Doanh nghiÖp
Doanh nghiÖp c«ng nghiÖp lµ tæ chøc kinh tÕ cã tªn riªng, cã tµi
s¶n, cã con dÊu, cã trô së giao dÞch æn ®Þnh, cã tæ chøc h¹ch to¸n kinh tÕ
®éc lËp, cã ®Çy ®ñ t− c¸ch ph¸p nh©n, ®−îc ®¨ng kÝ kinh doanh theo quy
®Þnh cña ph¸p luËt nh»m môc ®Ých thùc hiÖn s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh chÝnh lµ
ho¹t ®éng s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp.
C¨n cø vµo h×nh thøc së h÷u vèn, doanh nghiÖp c«ng nghiÖp ®−îc
chia ra:
- Doanh nghiÖp nhµ n−íc: Lµ doanh nghiÖp cã 100% vèn nhµ n−íc
(DNNNTW, DNNN ®Þa ph−¬ng, c«ng ty TNHH 100% vèn NN) vµ c«ng
ty cæ phÇn, c«ng ty TNHH cã vèn nhµ n−íc chiÕm trªn 50% vèn ®iÒu lÖ.
- Doanh nghiÖp hîp t¸c x·: Lµ doanh nghiÖp do nhiÒu c¸ nh©n cïng
tù nguyÖn gãp vèn vµ ®ång thêi còng lµ ng−êi lao ®éng cã cïng chung
môc ®Ých vµ b×nh ®¼ng trong quan hÖ së h÷u.
- Doanh nghiÖp t− nh©n: Lµ doanh nghiÖp do mét c¸ nh©n bá vèn vµ
thµnh lËp.
- C«ng ty TNHH t− nh©n: Lµ doanh nghiÖp do nhiÒu thµnh viªn gãp
vèn ®Ó thµnh lËp doanh nghiÖp vµ mçi thµnh viªn chØ chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm vÒ
nghÜa vô tµi s¶n trong ph¹m vi vèn gãp cña m×nh (KÓ c¶ c«ng ty TNHH cã
vèn nhµ n−íc ≤ 50%).
- C«ng ty cæ phÇn: Lµ doanh nghiÖp do nhiÒu thµnh viªn gãp vèn
theo sè cæ phÇn trong vèn ®iÒu lÖ vµ chØ chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm vÒ nghÜa vô vµ
tµi s¶n trong ph¹m vi cæ phÇn cña m×nh vµ ®−îc quyÒn chuyÓn nh−îng.
12
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
.........4.2. By provinces
Period of 1985-1995 classified 53 provinces.
Period of 1996-2005 classified by 64 provinces.
5. Definitions, contents and calculating methods of some
indicators:
5.1. Industrial establishments: Including industrial enterprises and
households.
5.2. Enterprise
An industrial enterprise is an economic unit that has own name,
assets, seal, stable business place as well as independently keeps business
account and acquires its own legal status. It is registered business under
regulations and laws to implement the main business activity as industrial
production.
Based on types of capital ownership, industrial enterprises include:
- State owned enterprise: it is enterprise with 100% of state capital
(central State owned enterprise, provincial State owned enterprise, limited
company with 100% of state capital) and stock companies, stock
companies with more than 50% of registered capital shared by the
Government.
- Cooperative: it is enterprise with capital of many individuals who
are also employees with the same purposes and equality of ownership
relation.
- Private company: it is enterprises that is set up and financed by an
individual.
- Private Limited liability Company: it is enterprise that are set up
and financed by many members. Each member only takes responsibility
for financial obligation in their registered capital (including limited
companies with 50% and less than of State capital).
- Stock company: it is an enterprise that is financed by number of
shares in registered capital by many members who only take
responsibility for financial obligation in their shares as well as have the
right to transfer their shares.
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and development
13
C«ng ty cæ phÇn cã quyÒn ph¸t hµnh chøng kho¸n (kÓ c¶ c«ng ty cæ
phÇn cã vèn nhµ n−íc ≤ 50%).
- Doanh nghiÖp 100% vèn n−íc ngoµi.
- Doanh nghiÖp liªn doanh víi n−íc ngoµi : Lµ doanh nghiÖp cã vèn
®iÒu lÖ cña 1 hoÆc mét sè thµnh viªn n−íc ngoµi vµ cña 1 hoÆc mét sè thµnh
viªn lµ tæ chøc, c¸ nh©n trong n−íc ®ãng gãp ®Ó thµnh lËp doanh nghiÖp.
5.3. C¬ së c«ng nghiÖp c¸ thÓ
C¬ së c«ng nghiÖp c¸ thÓ lµ n¬i diÔn ra ho¹t ®éng s¶n xuÊt kinh
doanh c«ng nghiÖp cã ®Þa ®iÓm ®−îc x¸c ®Þnh, cã ng−êi qu¶n lý vµ chÞu
tr¸ch nhiÖm vÒ ph¸p lý ®èi víi ho¹t ®éng s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh, cã quan
hÖ së h÷u t− nh©n thuéc mét ng−êi hoÆc mét nhãm ng−êi vµ cã Ýt nhÊt 1
lao ®éng chuyªn ho¹t ®éng s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp, nh−ng kh«ng ®ñ ®iÒu
kiÖn hoÆc ch−a ®¨ng ký thµnh lËp doanh nghiÖp theo ph¸p luËt hiÖn hµnh.
C¬ së c«ng nghiÖp c¸ thÓ ph¶i cã thêi gian s¶n xuÊt céng dån tõ 4 th¸ng
trong mét n¨m trë lªn vµ ph¶i s¶n xuÊt ra s¶n phÈm hµng ho¸ lµ chÝnh.
5.4. Lao ®éng trong c¸c c¬ së c«ng nghiÖp
Lµ tæng sè lao ®éng mµ c¸c doanh nghiÖp hoÆc c¸c c¬ së c¸ thÓ
ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp trùc tiÕp qu¶n lý, sö dông, tr¶ l−¬ng, tr¶ c«ng hoÆc
b»ng h×nh thøc thu nhËp hçn hîp (tiÒn c«ng vµ lîi nhuËn cña s¶n xuÊt
kinh doanh) bao gåm :
- Lao ®éng ®−îc tr¶ c«ng
- Lao ®éng kh«ng ®−îc tr¶ c«ng
5.5. Nguån vèn s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp
Tæng nguån vèn = Vèn cña chñ së h÷u + Nî ph¶i tr¶
- Vèn cña chñ së h÷u: Lµ toµn bé nguån vèn thuéc së h÷u cña chñ c¬
së c«ng nghiÖp vµ c¸c quü cña c¬ së vµ phÇn kinh phÝ ®−îc Nhµ n−íc cÊp,
kinh phÝ qu¶n lý do c¸c ®¬n vÞ trùc thuéc nép lªn.
- Nî ph¶i tr¶: lµ c¸c kho¶n nî ph¸t sinh mµ c¬ së ph¶i tr¶, ph¶i
thanh to¸n cho c¸c chñ nî, bao gåm c¸c kho¶n nî tiÒn vay (vay ng¾n
h¹n, vay dµi h¹n, vay trong n−íc, vay n−íc ngoµi, vay cña Nhµ n−íc hay
cña t− nh©n) vµ c¸c kho¶n nî ph¶i tr¶ kh¸c.
14
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
It has the right to issue securities (including stock companies with
50% or less than of state capital).
- 100% of capital invested by foreigners.
- Joint venture enterprise between domestic investor and foreigner:
it is enterprise that is set up and financed by registered capital of 1 or
some foreigners and 1 or some domestic individual and agencies.
5.3. Industrial household
Industrial household is economic unit in which the industrial
activity is implemented. It has the specific place as well as the manager
and takes legal responsibility for its business activity. It has the private
ownership of 1 or individual group with at least 1 industrial employee. It
is ineligible or not registers to set up the enterprise under the current
laws. Industrial household have to produce products during accumulative
4 months or more than in a year.
5.4. Employees in industrial establishments
It is total of persons that industrial establishment manages, uses,
pays wage or salary or mixed income (wage, salary and profit) including:
- Employee is paid salary or wage.
- Employee is not paid salary or wage.
5.5. Capital sources for industrial production
Total capital sources
=
Equity
+
Liability
- Capital of proprietor (equity): it is total capital that belongs to
proprietor of the industrial establishment, funds of the establishment,
grants that is allocated by Government as well as submitted to parent
company by child companies.
- Debts have to pay (liability): it is total debts that establishment has
to pay for lenders. It includes borrowed money (long term, short term,
domestic debt or abroad debt, Government debt or private debt) and other
types of debts have to pay.
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and development
15
5.6. Gi¸ trÞ cña tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh vµ ®Çu t− tµi chÝnh dµi h¹n theo gi¸
cßn l¹i
Lµ toµn bé gi¸ trÞ cßn l¹i cña tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh, c¸c kho¶n ®Çu t− tµi
chÝnh dµi h¹n, chi phÝ x©y dùng c¬ b¶n dë dang vµ c¸c kho¶n ký quü, ký
c−îc dµi h¹n cña doanh nghiÖp.
Tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh cña c¬ së c«ng nghiÖp bao gåm:
- Tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh h÷u h×nh: Lµ t− liÖu lao ®éng cã h×nh th¸i vËt chÊt
cã ®Çy ®ñ c¸c tiªu chuÈn (Theo quy ®Þnh hiÖn hµnh cña Nhµ n−íc, tiªu
chuÈn TSC§ lµ: thêi gian sö dông tõ 1 n¨m trë lªn vµ cã gi¸ trÞ tèi thiÓu
10 triÖu ®ång).
- Tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh thuª tµi chÝnh: Lµ tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh c¬ së thuª d−íi
d¹ng vèn. Tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh nµy ch−a thuéc quyÒn së h÷u cña c¬ së nh−ng
c¬ së cã nghÜa vô vµ tr¸ch nhiÖm ph¸p lý vÒ qu¶n lý, b¶o d−ìng, gi÷ g×n
vµ sö dông nh− tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh cña m×nh.
- Tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh v« h×nh: Lµ tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh kh«ng cã h×nh th¸i vËt
chÊt thÓ hiÖn mét gi¸ trÞ ®Çu t− chi tr¶ dÇn, ®−îc tÝnh vµo gi¸ thµnh s¶n
phÈm. Gi¸ trÞ cña chóng xuÊt ph¸t tõ b¶n quyÒn s¶n phÈm, b»ng ph¸t
minh s¸ng chÕ... Chi phÝ trong qu¸ tr×nh ®Çu t− nh−ng kh«ng ®−a vµo gi¸
trÞ tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh h÷u h×nh.
5.7. Gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp
Lµ toµn bé kÕt qu¶ ho¹t ®éng s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp t¹o ra trong 1
thêi kú nhÊt ®Þnh. Gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp ®−îc tÝnh theo gi¸ cè ®Þnh
vµ gi¸ thùc tÕ
a- Gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp tÝnh theo gi¸ cè ®Þnh ®−îc tÝnh b»ng
s¶n phÈm s¶n xuÊt ra nh©n (x) víi gi¸ cè ®Þnh do Nhµ n−íc qui ®Þnh.
Nh÷ng s¶n phÈm kh«ng cã gi¸ cè ®Þnh ®−îc tÝnh ®æi tõ gi¸ thùc tÕ vÒ gi¸
cè ®Þnh theo hÖ sè tÝnh ®æi.
Trong sè liÖu cña cuèn s¸ch Gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt theo gi¸ cè ®Þnh cña
mçi thêi kú cã gi¸ cè ®Þnh kh¸c nhau:
Tõ 1985 - 1990: TÝnh theo gi¸ cè ®Þnh 1982.
Tõ 1990 - 1994: TÝnh theo gi¸ cè ®Þnh 1989.
Tõ 1994 - 2005: TÝnh theo gi¸ cè ®Þnh 1994.
16
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
5.6. Value of fixed assets and long-term investment by remaining price
It is total remaining values of fixed assets, amount of long-term
financial investment, value of under construction projects, amount of
long-term security, and consignment of the establishment.
Fixed assets of industrial establishment include:
- Tangible fixed asset: it is production means that have material
structure with standards as current regulations of Government (such as
duration of use is over 1 year and its value is equal or greater than 10
million dongs).
- Financial hired fixed asset: it is fixed asset that is hired capital
under form of fixed assets. These assets have not been owned by the
establishment yet, but the establishment is legally responsible for
managing, maintenance, controlling and using them as fixed assets of the
establishment.
- Intangible fixed assets: These are intangible and have value of
investment to be depreciated for values of products. These are copyrights,
patents, etc., used in investment process but not accounted for tangible
fixed assets.
5.7. Output value
Output value of industry is the total production value of industrial
activity of the establishment during given period. Industrial output value
is calculated at constant price and current price.
a- Industrial output value at constant price is calculated by products
multiply (x) constant price regulated by Government. In case products
that have no constant price, current price is changed to constant price
through the transfer coefficient of this product.
Output value at constant price in each period of this publication has
different constant price, specify:
The period of 1985 - 1990 is calculated by constant price 1982.
The period of 1990 - 1994 is calculated by constant price 1989.
The period of 1994 - 2005 is calculated by constant price 1994.
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and development
17
b- Gi¸ trÞ tÝnh theo gi¸ thùc tÕ: Lµ gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt tÝnh theo gi¸ thùc
tÕ hµng n¨m gåm c¸c yÕu tè:
- Doanh thu thuÇn c«ng nghiÖp
+ Doanh thu tiªu thô s¶n phÈm: Lµ doanh thu nh÷ng s¶n phÈm ®−îc
s¶n xuÊt b»ng nguyªn vËt liÖu cña doanh nghiÖp, nh÷ng s¶n phÈm do
doanh nghiÖp ®−a nguyªn vËt liÖu ®i gia c«ng ë ®¬n vÞ kh¸c.
+ Doanh thu tiªu thô c¸c phô phÈm, c¸c phÕ phÈm, phÕ liÖu.
+ Gi¸ trÞ tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh tù chÕ, tù trang bÞ l¹i d−íi h×nh thøc lµ
TSC§ vµ gi¸ trÞ s¶n phÈm do doanh nghiÖp s¶n xuÊt ra ®−a gãp vèn liªn
doanh víi c¸c ®¬n vÞ kh¸c ch−a tÝnh vµo doanh thu trªn.
+ Doanh thu dÞch vô lµm cho bªn ngoµi (doanh thu lµm gia c«ng,
söa ch÷a thiÕt bÞ m¸y mãc vµ c«ng viÖc cã tÝnh chÊt c«ng nghiÖp, l·i gép
cña hµng ho¸ mua vµ b¸n ra kh«ng qua chÕ biÕn).
+ Doanh thu dÞch vô phi c«ng nghiÖp ®−îc qui ®Þnh tÝnh vµo s¶n
xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp nh−: C¸c kho¶n thu cho thuª thiÕt bÞ m¸y mãc, nhµ
x−ëng; dÞch vô vËn t¶i cho bªn ngoµi, b¸n b¶n quyÒn ph¸t minh, cho thuª
nh·n m¸c vµ c¸c ho¹t ®éng kh¸c ngoµi c«ng nghiÖp kh«ng h¹ch to¸n riªng
®−îc (kh«ng tÝnh phÇn lîi tøc cho vay, l·i cæ phiÕu, l·i liªn doanh).
- Gi¸ trÞ chªnh lÖch (±) gi÷a cuèi kú vµ ®Çu kú : chi phÝ s¶n xuÊt dë
dang, b¸n thµnh phÈm, tån kho thµnh phÈm, gi¸ trÞ hµng ho¸ ®ang trªn
®−êng ®i tiªu thô ch−a thu ®−îc tiÒn.
- ThuÕ tiªu thô s¶n phÈm ph¸t sinh ph¶i nép (ThuÕ VAT, thuÕ tiªu
thô ®Æc biÖt, thuÕ xuÊt khÈu).
5.8. S¶n phÈm chñ yÕu cña ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp
Lµ kÕt qu¶ trùc tiÕp cña ho¹t ®éng s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp t¹o ra
kh«ng ph©n biÖt s¶n phÈm ®ã ®−îc s¶n xuÊt tõ nguyªn vËt liÖu cña doanh
nghiÖp hay nguyªn vËt liÖu cña kh¸ch hµng ®−a ®Õn gia c«ng; Nh÷ng s¶n
phÈm ®ã ®· lµm xong thñ tôc nhËp kho tr−íc 24 giê ngµy cuèi cïng cña
kú b¸o c¸o vµ cã vÞ trÝ quan träng vÒ gi¸ trÞ sö dông hoÆc chiÕm gi¸ trÞ
lín cña mçi ngµnh..........
18
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
b- Output value at current price is output value calculated by annual
current price, includes:
- Net turnover
+ Turnover for selling of all goods: it is turnover of goods from own
production of the establishment and goods made by other from materials
supplied by the establishment.
+ Turnover for selling of scrap and by-products.
+ Values of fixed assets produced for own consumption and value
of goods produced by the establishment and transfer to others.
+ Receipts for industrial services (receipts for processing, repairing
and maintaining equipments and industrial work done for others, receipts
for goods sold in the same condition as purchased).
+ Receipts for non-industrial services: include all receipts for
building, machinery and storage given in lease or rented out; receipts for
transport services provided to others, receipts for copyright, patents,
trademark and others (excludes interest rate, dividends and profit from
joint-venture).
- Change (±) of semi-finished goods, finished goods in stocks at the
beginning and end of the year, the goods on the way of shipping.
- Consumption tax for goods (VAT, excise tax, export duties or fees).
5.8. Main industrial products
Main industrial products are results of industrial production activity
without distinction of production from materials of establishments or
clients; these products that are put in the warehouses before 24 o’clock of
the final day of the reported period and occupy an important position or
great value in each sector.
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and development
19
5.9. Lîi nhuËn s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp
Lîi nhuËn s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp lµ kÕt qu¶ cuèi cïng cña c¸c ho¹t
®éng c«ng nghiÖp cña c¸c c¬ së s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh trong mét thêi gian
nhÊt ®Þnh (th¸ng, quý, n¨m). Hay nãi c¸ch kh¸c ®ã lµ gi¸ trÞ míi t¹o ra
cña s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp thuéc së h÷u cña c¬ së ®−îc thÓ hiÖn b»ng sè
tiÒn l·i hoÆc lç.
Lîi nhuËn s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp tÝnh b»ng tæng doanh thu thuÇn
c«ng nghiÖp trõ (-) tæng chi phÝ ph¸t sinh t−¬ng øng víi tæng doanh thu
thuÇn c«ng nghiÖp.
Lîi nhuËn s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp ®−îc tÝnh theo lîi nhuËn tr−íc thuÕ
(lîi nhuËn ph¸t sinh do kÕt qu¶ tiªu thô s¶n phÈm c«ng nghiÖp) vµ lîi
nhuËn sau thuÕ (lîi nhuËn ph¸t sinh sau khi ®· trõ (-) sè ph¶i nép cho
ng©n s¸ch nhµ n−íc theo luËt thuÕ thu nhËp doanh nghiÖp).
5.10. Tû suÊt lîi nhuËn cña 1 ®ång vèn SXKD cña doanh nghiÖp
c«ng nghiÖp
Lµ tû lÖ gi÷a tæng sè lîi nhuËn tr−íc thuÕ cña ho¹t ®éng s¶n xuÊt
kinh doanh c«ng nghiÖp trong mét thêi kú chia (:) cho tæng nguån vèn
b×nh qu©n trong kú cña c¸c doanh nghiÖp s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp.
Tû suÊt lîi nhuËn trªn vèn
(TLN/V)
=
Tæng lîi nhuËn tr−íc thuÕ trong kú
Tæng nguån vèn b×nh qu©n trong kú
Sè liÖu chØ tÝnh cho c¸c lo¹i h×nh doanh nghiÖp.
5.11. Møc trang bÞ tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh cho mét lao ®éng c«ng nghiÖp
Lµ hÖ sè gi÷a gi¸ trÞ tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh tÝnh theo gi¸ cßn l¹i t¹i thêi ®iÓm
cuèi n¨m chia cho sè lao ®éng t¹i thêi ®iÓm cuèi n¨m t−¬ng øng. ChØ tiªu
møc trang bÞ tµi s¶n cè ®Þnh cho mét lao ®éng ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp ph¶n
¸nh tr×nh ®é kü thuËt c«ng nghÖ cña s¶n xuÊt c«ng nghiÖp, còng nh− kh¶
n¨ng vµ ®iÒu kiÖn lµm viÖc, t¨ng n¨ng suÊt lao ®éng cña ng−êi s¶n xuÊt
c«ng nghiÖp.
Møc trang bÞ TSC§ cho mét
lao ®éng CN t¹i thêi ®iÓm
20
=
Gi¸ trÞ TSC§ theo gi¸ cßn l¹i
cã t¹i thêi ®iÓm
Sè lao ®éng c«ng nghiÖp cã ë
cïng thêi ®iÓm t−¬ng øng
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
5.9. Profit
Industrial production profit is the final result of industrial activities
of establishment during the period (month, quarter, and year) or new
value created by establishment that is showed by the amount of gain or
loss money.
Industrial production profit is calculated by total industrial net
turnover minus (-) total costs corresponding to total industrial net
turnover.
Industrial production profit is calculated by amount of gain before
paying tax (profit from selling of industrial products) and amount of gain
after paying tax (profit after submitting to state budget under the
Enterprise Income Tax.
5.10. Profit rate compared with capital
It is ratio between total profit before tax gained by production of
industrial establishment during a period and average capital of the
establishment during the period.
Profit-capital rate
(TLN/V)
Total profit before tax during a period
=
Average capital during the period
Data is only calculated by types of enterprise.
5.11. Rate of fixed asset equipment for an industrial employee
It is ratio between fixed asset value by remaining price and the
number of corresponding employees at the end of the year. It reflects
technological qualification of industrial production as well as working
abilities and conditions, productivity of industrial employees.
Rate of fixed asset equipment
for an industrial employee
at the time
Value of fixed asset by
remaining price at that time
=
Number of corresponding
employees at that time
Vietnamese industry in 20 years of renovation and development
21
5.12. Tû träng c¸c nhãm ngµnh c«ng nghÖ tÝnh theo gi¸ trÞ s¶n
xuÊt (Gi¸ thùc tÕ)
C¨n cø vµo c«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt cña c¸c ngµnh s¶n phÈm, c«ng
nghiÖp chÕ biÕn ®−îc chia ra ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp c«ng nghÖ cao, ngµnh
c«ng nghiÖp c«ng nghÖ trung b×nh, ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp c«ng nghÖ thÊp.
C«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt cña mét ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp ®−îc c¨n cø vµo
c«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt ra s¶n phÈm, kh«ng c¨n cø vµo tr×nh ®é kü thuËt c«ng
nghÖ cô thÓ cña tõng doanh nghiÖp trong ngµnh ®ã.
Theo quy ®Þnh cña Tæ chøc Ph¸t triÓn c«ng nghiÖp Liªn HiÖp quèc
(UNIDO) th×:
- Ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp c«ng nghÖ cao gåm: S¶n xuÊt m¸y mãc thiÕt
bÞ th«ng dông vµ chuyªn dông; S¶n xuÊt thiÕt bÞ v¨n phßng, m¸y tÝnh;
S¶n xuÊt thiÕt bÞ ®iÖn, ®iÖn tö; S¶n xuÊt radio, tivi, thiÕt bÞ truyÒn th«ng;
S¶n xuÊt dông cô y tÕ, chÝnh x¸c; S¶n xuÊt s÷a ch÷a xe cã ®éng c¬; S¶n
xuÊt söa ch÷a ph−¬ng tiÖn vËn t¶i kh¸c.
- Ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp c«ng nghÖ trung b×nh gåm: S¶n xuÊt than cèc,
dÇu má; S¶n xuÊt hãa chÊt; S¶n xuÊt s¶n phÈm cao su vµ plastic; S¶n xuÊt
s¶n phÈm chÊt kho¸ng phi kim lo¹i; S¶n xuÊt kim lo¹i; S¶n xuÊt s¶n phÈm
b»ng kim lo¹i.
- Ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp c«ng nghÖ thÊp gåm: S¶n xuÊt thùc phÈm vµ
®å uèng; S¶n xuÊt thuèc l¸, thuèc lµo; S¶n xuÊt s¶n phÈm dÖt; S¶n xuÊt
trang phôc; S¶n xuÊt s¶n phÈm b»ng da, gi¶ da; S¶n xuÊt s¶n phÈm gç vµ
l©m s¶n; S¶n xuÊt giÊy vµ c¸c s¶n phÈm b»ng giÊy; XuÊt b¶n, in vµ sao
b¶n ghi; S¶n xuÊt gi−êng, tñ, bµn, ghÕ; S¶n xuÊt s¶n phÈm t¸i chÕ.
Tû träng nhãm ngµnh c«ng
nghÖ cao hoÆc trung b×nh
hoÆc thÊp
22
=
Tæng gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt theo gi¸ thùc
tÕ cña c¸c ngµnh cã c«ng nghÖ
(cao hoÆc trung b×nh hoÆc thÊp)
Tæng gi¸ trÞ s¶n xuÊt theo gi¸
thùc tÕ cña ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp
chÕ biÕn
C«ng nghiÖp ViÖt Nam 20 n¨m ®æi míi vµ ph¸t triÓn
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