Tài liệu Giải pháp mở rộng hoạt động cho vay đối với hộ sản xuất tại ngân hàng nông nghiệp và phát triển nông thôn việt nam - chi nhánh huyện hoài đức.pdf

CHUONG 1. CO SO L)? LUAN VE CHO VAY HQ SAN XUAT CUA NGAN HANG THUONG MAI 1.1. Hoot dung cho vay d6i vii h0 sin xuAt cua ngin hang thuung mgi 1.1.1. Khdi nifm, d#c diem caa he min malt Khii niem Tru6c het, de c6 can cir phat men de UM, chimg ta an lam re khai niem ye he, san xuAt. DAu tien, chi ng ta can hieu dtrqc djnh nghia: "HO liz gi?". Theo van ban s6 1030 ngay 3/4/1991 cila Lien hiep quiic dinh nghia: "HO la nhung Ague& cling song chung dirol mOt mai nha, cling do chung viz co chung mot ngdn guy"" Tai cuOc thio luan quoc ta lin thir IV ve van de Quan 15, Wing trgi tai Hi Lan nam 1980, tien si Aalt A. Dijkhuizen da dua ra khai niem: "HO la mOt dan vj ca bcin clic: xd hOi, co lien quan den san neat, tat san xuit, din tieu dung viz cac hoot dOng khcic czia xd heir Theo nhu tir dien neon nge viet nam phat hanh nam 2001, tgi trang 497, ding thir 52 55 ce vitt "HO /i tit ca nhiemg ngtriti cling song trong mOt mai nha, nham ngwol do có the bao gam nhang ngiroi co cling htcylt thong hodc khong" - Tir nhOng djnh nghia tren, ta c6 the nh#n thAy khai niem "HO" dtrqc hieu theo nhieu cach khic nhau thy theo d#c diem cilia timg quic gia tren the gioi. Tuy nhien, ci the hieu met cach chung nhAt la he la met dun vj cis xa bao gim cac thanh vien song va sink hogt cling nhau, cac thanh vien ci the c6 cimg huyet thong va cling song chung trong mOt nen nha. Mgt khac, cling ci the nh#n thAy ring, hi) cling la don vj ea ban nhAt di t6 chirc lao deng„ tin tai nhu met don vj kinh to co bin nhAt voi muc Watt san xuAt co si la tu cung, tu cap, tu san, ttr tieu. Sau khi da lam re khai niem ve "he)", buoy flip theo, chimg ta an hieu ve khai niem "HO san xualt". Tren gic de ngan hang: "HO san xuat la mOt thuOt ngu dmic Bang trong hoot dOng cung ling von tin dung cho xii hOi de gni]) xd hOi phat van kink !chic thubng duct ding di thay the thuot nga "HO san xutit" la MOt si thu#t "HO gia dinh", "ho kinh doanh"... Dug tren phu Ipc s6 1 kern theo guy& djnh 499A ngay 2/9/1993 cia NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam, theo di khai niem hO san xuAt dtrqc hieu nhu sau: "HO san xudt la don vj kinh to tv chti, trvc flip hogt Ong kinh doanh, la cha the trong moi quan he san xulit kinh doanh va tv chju track nhiem ve kit qua how dOng kinh doanh cua minh". Trang 1 Tir dinh nghht ten, ta c6 the khai quat loi nhu sau: HO san xuAt la dun vi kinh te ti chit, toe tiep hoot dOng san xuAt kinh doanh, ho san xuAt co the to loa chop nghluth nghe san xuAt, to minh huy Ong von di den hinh san xuAt vi trvc tiep tieu thy san phAm sau qui trinh san xuat. Trong cac quan hg san xuat kinh doanh nhu vay von, san xuAt hay tieu thy hang hoa thi Kt san xuAt gift vai fro la mOt chit the dOc Doi vai nhitng nuoc c6 nen nong nghiep lit chit yeu thi hi) san xuAt la mOt thanh phan kinh te rat quan trong trong san xuAt thing nghiep, dac biet khi nen san xuAt nong nghiep con loc hau, phi thuOc chit yeu vao sirc lao dOng con ngutri la chinh. D6ng then kith te ho san xuAt cling la mOt thanh phan kinh to khong the thieu trong nen kith 4' thi truing nay. Trong nen kinh te thi truing hien nay mac dit quy m8 cue kinh te h0 khong Ion nhtmg do dac tinh la don vi san xuAt co ban cilia xa hOi, ne dOng treo vai quan trong trong qui frith phat trim kinh te cite dAt ntrem, On dinh doi song xd hOi. Phan loci Theo tai lieu "Vat tro czia h¢ san xuat trong nen kinh ti thi owing" duqc hiding Doi hoc Kinh te Quoc din xuat ban thi dtra vao niing ltrc cna h0 san xuat ta ce the chia thinh ba loci sau: Logi ink nhAt: Li cac ho co von, c6 kg thuat, ky !tang lao dong, biet tiep cfu ► yeti moi truing kinh doanh, c6 kha niing thick (mg, hoi nhap yeti thi truing. Nhu vay cac ho nay tien hanh san xuat kinh doanh c6 hieu qua, biet t6 chive qua trinh lao dOng san xuAt cho phit hop v6i thai w de san phAm too ra c6 the tieu thi tren thi throng. Logi finis hai: la cac ho ce suc lao dOng lim viec can man nhtmg trong tay hp khong co hoac co rat it to lieu san xuat, hen von hoc chua co moi truing kinh doanh. Looi hi) nay chiem plan Ion trong nen kinh te. Logi the ba: la cac ho khong c6 suc lao dOng, khong tich coc lao dOng, 'thong blest tinh town lim an, hay gap rut ro trong san xuAt kinh doanh, gap tai non Om dau va nhftng ho gia dinh chinh sach...cic h0 nay thug:mg duqc xep vao dien ho ngheo vit an so gift!) de( to nhang chinh sach cue chinh phi; vit cac ngan hang chinh sach de co the won len phitt trim kinh te, di thien doi song. Theo nhu cach phan loci tren, co the then thAy s6 ho san xuat rot vao loci thir hai chiem phlin lan trong nen kinh to cue ntrac ta hien nay, lit cac d6i Wong khich hang chinh cue cac ngan hang thucmg moi hoS dOng tren dja ban nong nghiep nong th8n. Diem yeu cim hp la thieu kien thirc cap that ve nen kinh te vi thieu vim de san xuat, day la dti tuqng ma NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam can uu tien cho vay cling nhu la hO trq ve thong tin de ho c6 the phat trim san xuAt. Trang 2 Thang Long University Library Cac ho loai thin nhAt IA cic ho dA di tien phong trong nhieu linh nrc dm nen kinh san to nOng nghiep ding th8n, trong mOt th&i gian dii hq di holm thien cic quy trinh la xuAt vi lien thy hang Ma, hq thuting c6 nhu cAu vay von 16n. SO luqng cic ho nay kh8ng 16m tong nen kinh to tuy nhien do kith nAng kinh doanh cita hq duqc dim bio, hq IA nhOmg khich hang fit uy tin tin ngin hang. Cie ho loai ba duqc xep vio dien ho ngheo, hq an nhang chinh sich ho trq x6a dad giim nghIo cita Chinh Phil de c6 the citi thien cuOc song. D$c diim Dora vio tii lieu ve "Hoot tong cho vay h¢ san suck cia nglin hang thwang mgt" duqc twang Hqc vien Ngin Hing phit hinh thi ce the khii quit dAc diem dm hi) san xuat nhu sau. HO san xuAt la mOt don vi kinh to dtic biet visa sin xuAt vira tieu this san phAm. Cic thinh vier trong ho c6 nhu au tieu dung sin pham trong dbi song hing ngiy. Nhung dong th6i ho la nai sin xuAt ra the sin phAm de phut vo cho ca the thinh vien trong ho vi xA hOi. Quy mo sin xua dui ho nh6, mang 'ging tinh sin xuAt truyen thing, san xuAt ra the sin phAm can thiet phut vo cho nhu au the thanh vier trong ho la chinh. Khi cic sin phAm lim ra khong duqc tieu dung ha trong gia dinh hq mai di trao d6i. San phAm lim ra kitting vi moc dich trao d6i. Chinh vi vAy s6 luqng mang di trao d6i chiem tjr tong nh6 tong tong so khOi lugng lim ra. Khi kinh to ho phit then 6 mist do cao hot, ce sin xuAt hang hoi nh6. Khi do, do c6 trinh dO phit tien cao han, Si luqng sin phAm lam ra nhieu han nhu au tieu dimg ciut ho, c6 sin phan du thin mang di trao dOi. Sin xuAt hang hoi nh6 the hien 6 quy m8 sin xuAt vi Si luqng sin phAm lim ra. Quy mo h0 sin xuAt math mon, nh6 16, kh6i luqng sin phAm bin ra chi chiem Mang tir 20-30% khoi Itrqng sin phiun Ming sin ten thi tinging. HO sin xuAt tien haul sin xuAt kinh doanh dOc kip Au chit, IA chit the tong cic quan he sin xuAt kinh doanh . HO sin xuAt kith doanh ten nhieu nginh ngh'e Trong nen kith ti 6 nhang dja phucmg c6 nen kinh to kern phit trim, chit yeu la sin xuAt neon nghiep thi h0 sin xuAt chit yku hoot dOng tong firth Arc n8ng nghiep. cic Kinh CA hi) sin xuAt (long vai tr6 rat quan trqng doi vai viec phit trien kinh to Goa ho n8ng nghiep, vein di chi sin xuAt vat quy m8 the vi vira tong linh Arc n8ng nghiep 1.1.2. latii niem cho vay he son xuAt Khai niem cho vay Trong 3 Ngin hang li mOt doanh nghiep, hoot Ong trong link voc tien te,de c6 the duy tri vi phat trien hog &Ong cua minh thi hog ding kinh doanh cua ngan hang phai c6 lai. Hog dOng chu yeu cua mOt ngan hang thuong moi Ia huy dong v6n vi nghiep vo tin dung nhim tim kiem lqi nhuon, trong de c6 nghiep vo cho vay cac thanh phin kinh to trong xa hOi. Theo quy ch'i cho vay cua cic to chirc tin citing d6i von khich hang ciut ngan hang Nhi nuerc Viet Nam (ban Muth theo quyet djnh so 1627/2001/QD-NHNN ngiy 31/ 12/2001 dm Thong d6c ngfin hang nhi nuac), thi cho vay ducrc djnh nghia li mot hinh thirc cap tin ding , theo de to chirc tin dung giao cho khich hang sir dung mOt khoin tien de sir dung vio muc dich vi tiled gian nhAt djnh theo thoi thu#n vii nguyen tic ca hoin frit ci g6c vi lai. Khii niem cho vay by sin suit Theo d6, cho vay hi) sin xuat chinh la mOt hinh thirc ma ngan hang cap von cho h0 sin xuAt sir dong vio mpc dich sin xuAt kinh doanh trong met then gian nhAt djnh theo so thoi thu#n giDa ngan hang vi her sin xuAt, ding thin thoi thuan phuang thirc tri no cho ngan hang. D6i Wong ciut cho vay 110 sin xuAt la cic ho gia dinh, day li mOt thinh phin kinh to quan tong trong nen kinh t@ nhieu thinh phew Cic ho sin xuAt thu?mg 'thong co dit v6n de tien hinh phuang in sin xuat kinh doanh ctia minh, mOi khi do djnh sin xuat thi cic ho deu c6 nhu cAu vay vein. Thai gian truArc khi chua c6 so xuAt hien Ain cic to chirc tin dung thi cic ho thiremg phii vay nang lai lim inh huertg den ket qui cita hog dOng sin xuAt, sin xuAt kh8ng mang loi lqi nhuin ding ke cho cac h0. Tir khi c6 so phit trien dm he thOng cac t6 chirc tin dung d#c biet 11 he th6ng ngan hang thi cac h0 sin xuat da c6 the tiep c#n duqc yeti ngurin v6n thich hop vii khi nang cua mirth vi hog dOng sin xuAt ciut he, dem lei lqi nhu$n cao hem, tir d6 kinh to hi) sin xuAt daft din phat trien. 1.1.3. Cdc kink third cho vay dui vdi hQ sin xuAt Cho vay trip tiep h0 sin suit Cho vay troc tiep la phuang thirc cho vay ma 6 day ngin hang se trim tiep cho ho sin xuat vay vim , hp sin xuAt troc tiep nh§n vein vay tir nein hang, tir dim den cu6i qui trinh vay chi phat sinh mOt khoin vay cita her sin xuAt yin ngan hing . Day la phuang thirc vay ph6 bien nhAt vi quan tong nhAt toi cic chi nhinh NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam rip dung trong cho vay dti vii the h0 sin xuAt. Trong phuang thirc cho vay trtrc tiep, ngan hang con thoi thulin vii cac h0 sin xuAt thoc hien cic hinh thirc vay von khac nhau Cho hp an xuAt vay tryst flip thong qua a vay yin: TO vay van do cic thanh vien la he) gia mink, ca nhan to nguyen thinh lop, c6 nhu au vay von, ding cu chu toi th8n, x6m. TO vay von phii &roc thanh 1#p theo quy djnh Trang 4 Thang Long University Library cua ngan hang, ding then ngan hang se quy dinh trich nhiem cua nhing ngutri lien quan nhu t6 trueng t6 vay von, ho san xuit ding IcY vay von tir t6 vay von. Cho hO san xuAt vay tryr tiip thOng qua doanh nghifp: Cing giOng nhu cho vay qua t6 vay von, ngan hang th8ng qua doanh nghiep de trkrc tiep cho ho san St vay von. DOi Ming vay la cic ho san xuit nhan Ichoin dia the doanh nghiep. Cho vay giin tap h4 sin aunt Cho vay gian tiep la phuong thirc cho vay ma ngan hang thong qua cic t6 chirc trung gian de chuyen von vay den 110 san St, nhim lim tang kenh phan phai von cho ho san xuit. Cic to tit trung gian c6 the la t6 chile tai chinh nhu: Him tic xa tin dung, ngan hang co phin, quy tin clung. C6 the li the t6 chat kinh to nhu ficrp tic xa san xuit, cic doanh nghiep nhi mac. Ck to chat xi hOi nhu HOi phv nt, HOi nong dan, HOi cuu chi& binh, HOi thanh nien, HOi lam vutrn. DOi tucmg vay von dui ck to cline trung gian nay thuting la h0 nghto, thieu von san xuit nhung khong dit tai san lim bao dim, hp c6 sire lao dOng, c6 Ice hooch san xuit !dui thi, phu hqp vtri chinh skh phit trien cua dia phuong. Phircmg thilc cho vay nay too die'u kien cho cic ho san xuit duqc vay von de phit trien san xuit,thay dOi &A song cna timg h0 ngheo, gap phan phit hien kinh to dia phuang. Dong thtri nein hang thirc hien duqc trich nhiem veri nhi nu& la xoi d61, giam ngheo too sir phut trien dong deu trong san xuit wing nghiep vi n8ng th8n. Cho vay th8ng qua t6 chirc kinh to xi hOi thvc chit la cho ho san xuit vay bang tin chip, bang uy tin dm cic to chile dimg ra trung gian. Mac du cho vay nhu vay se giam chi phi thim dinh cho ngan hang, nhung do khoan vay khong dirge bio dim bang tai san dim bio, rill ro tong hoot dOng cho vay nay la kha cao, c6 the anh hutmg den chit lirqng tin dung ngin hang. 1.1.4. Vai trd cuts hoist ding cho vay vdi hO san xuJt Trong qui trinh hoot dOng thirc to cua minh, he thring cic ngan hang thircmg mai Viet Nam &A the hien vai tr6 to Ian dm nguon von vay doi vei sir phut trien kinh to hi) san xuit: Cho vay Ist9 san xulit gop phAn tyo dila Men duy tri cdc ngdnit nght4 truyin th Ong Dira vio lqi the so sinh gifts cic yang, cic dirt phuong khi c6 von dau tir, ngutri dan di Ichoi phpc, duy tri vi phit trien cic nginh nghe truyen thtmg. Try& day, quy mo cua ca nganh nghe truyen thong la tucmg dOi nh6 do cic hi) khong ce nhieu von the phit trien, thi truerng tieu thy cna hp thutmg b6 hgp tong pham vi mot so tinh lan con, chinh vi vay lqi nhuan dem loi cho ngtrai din lam nghe la khong lan dan den viec chi Trang 5 co mOt s6 h0 dan la c6 the thvc sv lam giiu duce yid nghe truyen thOng. Dieu nay khien cho cac nginh nghe nay din tit nen mai mOt do nguiri dart be nghe, chuyen sang cac Unit vvc khic dem lai nhieu thu nhap han. Do do, hoat dOng cho vay ho sin xuat cung cap cho ngtrai din co nguan vim de phit trien sin xuat, qua da mer ruing quy m8 hoat d'Ong, ma rung thj trubng tieu thu gift!) cho hp co duqc lqi nhuan cao han thin kjr twat. Dieu nay gap phan giup cho cac ngiuth ng,he truyen thong duqc duy tri, tao duqc net dac tnmg kinh 4 cho dja bin ding thin. Cho vay lt6 sin xuat ld cong cy tdi trct vii phis Win co sd hg tang nong thin Ca so ha tang la mot tong nhung yeu t6 ca bitn cho sv phit trien cua mOt quiic gia tong de co Viet Nam, no gift vai tr6 dac biet quan tong doi yin sv phit trien kinh to xa hOi cua dat nuirc. Dau to co so ha tang nong them bao dau to cho thujr lqi, he thong dien, duang giao thong, truing hoc, tram xi, he thong th8ng tin lien lac, kho ting,ben bai, chq, he thing cung cap nuirc sach... Cho vay h0 slut xuat tham gia vio quy trinh phit trien co sa ha tang nong thin th8ng qua viec cho vay ngan, trung, clli hart vai nhang chinh sich uu dai phit trien co so ha tang nong them cua Chinh Phu. Cic h0 sin xuat co the sir dung von vay de xay dung tram born, be de din nu6c, duang giao thong... Arai muc ditch nang cao hieu qui sin xuat, cai thien m8i twang lao dOng. Dieu nAy tram mat gi6p cho hoot dOng sin xuat kinh doanh cfra h0 duqc thua ► tien, sau de la cal thien b0 mat co sir ha tang tai dja phuang, tao di'eu kien cho nhieu linh vrc dOng thin cung phat trien. Cho vay hP sin xuat gip phin hgn chi cho vay npng lii b tiling thOn Tinh tang cho vay nang lai a nong than da ton tai tit lau vi co the dOng rat lim den sin xuat vi deri song dm nosai din. Khi chua co tic chinh sach cho vay don yin hi) sin xuat, cic hq sin xuat mutin c6 vie de kinh doanh phii vay vim cua cac ca thin ten dja bin von lai suit cao, dieu nAy din din viec lqi nhuart dinh cho h0 sin xuat khOng dim bio do phii dinh phan lan de tang trai khoin vay. Ngoii ra, cho vay nang lai 6 nong than con 11 mOt hoot dOng bit hqp phip, gay bat On chinh tri tai dia phuang, khien cho kinh to nong than cham phit thin tong then gian dai. Hoat dOng cho vay dai vii h0 sin xuat cua ngan hang ma ra giltp cac ho sin xuat co the tiep con dugc nguan von vai lai suit phi! hqp han, cung vai da la cac chinh sach thu hoi no linh ding, ngutri din khi khong dim bito duqc viec tri nq dung han, co the trinh bAy vii nab hing de c6 the kat) dii thiri gian tra nq. Do do, hog dOng nay timg buck da han the duqc viec nguOi clan phii vay vim riling lai. Cho vay hQ sin xuat gitip h6 sin muff lint quen vd tieing but thyc hien chi tip hgch Loin kink 11, sit dyng win vay ce Itifu qud Tsang 6 Thang Long University Library Trong san xuAt hang hoa de dim bao cho sv Mn tai va phat triEn tha minh thi bAt cir mot dun vi san xuAt kinh doanh nao ding phai tien hanh hich town kinh to de san phim cua minh duqc thi throng chip nhlin va kinh doanh co lai. Cac ho san xuAt nuec to chit yell la ho nong dan !than 16n con quen vdri suy nghi "lAy cling lam Lai" thuong lien hanh san xuAt kinh doanh trong khi hieu qua san xuAt kinh doanh chua coi tremg dung mac. Mot s6 nam gAn day, ngan hang da co sv quan tam han tOi cac hi) san xuat, the ho dirge vay v6n ngan hang song phiti thvc hien nguyen tic hoin tra cho ngan hang day dit, dung han ca g6c va lAi. Do de the ho dei hot phai tinh town hieu qua, sir ding van vay dung mvc dich de sau khi tra gOc va lai cho ngan hang thi the ho van con phan thu nhAp elm minh. Cho vay h(3 sibs xuat giap Mac diy Sc he son xuat xuAt kidu hang hoa Khi chua c6 hoat dOng cho vay ho slut xuAt, san xuat cua cac ho chit yeti la tv cung tir cap, s6 luqng hang hoa dem ra trao doi thy co nhung khong nhieu, dieu nay la do cac ho thieu kien thirc va quan trqng nhAt la thieu vein de ma rOng boat dOng san xuat kinh doanh. Host dOng xuAt MIL tai cac dia phuong chinh vi voy ma con rat han the phai phi thuOc nhieu vao cac doanh nghiep nhi nuec. Thai gian gin day, cho vay ho san xuat da cung cap, b6 sung win cho cac hi) sin xuAt, giitp cac ho co thE ma rOng quy m0 san xuat, kh6i lugng hang h6a cung cap cho thi trueing trong ntrec vi the duqc nang cao, ben canh de the ma hang nong san veil chAt lacing Mt se doge xuat khAu sang cac ntrec khac, tao thuang hieu cho cac mAt hang Wong san Via Nam va thu dirge lqi nhu'an len, tao dieu kien de cac ho san xuAt tiep tic xoay yang v6n dlu to san xuAt. CO the nei, hoat dOng cho vay ho san xuAt di gap phAn gulp cho cac ho san xuAt dua san pham cua minh ra ngoai hien giai Viet Nam. 1.2. Mi ring hoat ding cho vay dti yard hi sin suit tai ngan hang thwang m0 1.2.1. Mali nifm mo ring hoyt dOng cho vay doi vai hQ san xuat Ma rOng hoat dOng cho vay d6i veil h0 san xuAt la sv gia tang ve quy mo cho vay ho san xuAt cua ngan hang, ma rOng bao gam sv mo rOng ve s6 lugng ho san xuAt vay vim ngan hang, sv gia tang ve doanh s6 cho vay (16i yeti m8i ho san xuAt, sv thing throng tS, le di nq d6i veri h0 san xuAt, hay sv gia tang ve s6 lugng nginh nghe vay v6n. Me rOng cho vay ho san xuAt dirge the hien 6 mot s6 diem sau: Vii se laying hf san xuat vay yin HO san xuAt la khach hang vay von trong cho vay d6i yeti ho san xuat. Quy m6 cua cho vay d6i veil h0 san xuAt km hay nhe dirge the hien mot phlin boi s6 lucmg ho san xuAt tham gia vay von ngan hang. HO san xuAt la d6'i ttrog co nhu ciu vay von nhi8u, thtamg xuyen de tiers hanh diu to ski xuat theo phuong an dm ho nhim phat trien kinh to hO san xuAt. Do do, s6 lugng h0 san xuAt co nhu eau vay v6n va duqc Trang 7 ngan hang dap Ong ngay cang co xu hien gia tang. Day la mOt trong nhang yeu to dinh gia vi'ec me rOng cho vay hq san xuAt. Ve nganh nghi cho vay Li vdi hP son neat Nganh nghe cua ho san xuAt lit yeu t6 quan tong Anh hueng den quyet djnh cho vay ho san xuAt cua ngan hang. Day la rinh vrc ma ho san xuAt se eau to de san xuAt khi vay von ngan hang, ngan hang phai xem xit dO co phai la phuang an san xuAt kha thi !thong, de tir do co ra quy'et djnh cho vay ho san xuAt hay thong. Viec da clang ye nganh nghe cho vay cling la yeti t6 the hien viec cho vay ho san xuAt duqc me rOng, khi cho vay da clang ve nginh nghe thi s6 luqng ho san xuAt vay von tang, doanh so cho vay ho san xuat cling tang. Deang thin, so da clang ve nganh nghe cho vay con Op phAn giant nii ro tin ding cho nem hang, gap phiin nang cao chit luqng tin dung cho ngan hang. Tir do, van de me tong cho vay h0 san xuAt cua ngfin hang mei duqc dam bao thong nhang ve me rOng quy m6 ma con dam bao chit luqng cea hoat dOng cho vay, gOp phan 'tang cao hieu qua cea heat dOng cho vay d6i vai ngan hang. i4 doanh so cho vay va du np doi vdi hp sin xuat Day la nhang chi tieu the hien viec cho vay ho san xuat da duqc me rOng hay chua me rOng mOt cach chinh xac tuyet d6i. Doanh s6 cho vay dti van ho san xuAt la khoi luqng von ma ngan hang da cap cho cac h0 san xuAt vay de san xuAt, kinh doanh trong mOt then ky nhAt dinh. Doanh sit cho vay tang hay giam trvc tiep guy& djnh den quy mo cho vay h0 san xuAt da duqc me rOng hay chua. Day la mOt con s6 tuyet doi phin anh mOt each chinh xic ve quy m8 cho vay h0 san xuat cua ngan hang. Ben earth do, do nq d6i yen ho san mitt cling IA mot con Si, the hien quy m6 cho vay ho san xuAt. 1.2.2. Sy cin thief phai md Ong hogt dPng cho vay doi vdi hp san xuat Mans tang twang nguan thu nh(ip cho ngan hang Doi von cac nem hang thuang mai, viec giai ngan ngu6n vein huy dung de cho vay chiem mot vai tre het sire quan tong, phin lam nguon thu nhAp cea ngan hang pho thuOc vao hoot dOng nay. ChM vi voy viec me Ong host dOng cho vay doi von ho san xuAt la mot yeu cAu cap thiet de ngfin hang co the duy tri va phat trien, dieu nay se Op ph'An dem lai ngulin thu nhap khong nher cho ngan hang. Nhdm giap ngan hang tang acing mei gnats he vdi khdch hang Vei mei truing girth tranh hien nay, cac nem hang At chit tong trong viec quart he yeti khich hang, nhAt la d6i vOi nhom khech hang mvc tieu, dieu nay nham giep cac khich hang cam thAy an tam va thole mai khi giao dich vei ngan hang vi tranh twang hqp khach hang thay doe ngan hang de giao djch. Viec me Ong hoot dOng cho vay d6i veri ho san xuAt se di kern vai no la nhieu san phAm Bich vu, cac chuong trinh Trang 8 Thang Long University Library marketing, cac uu dai khi cho vay... dieu nay giup cho ngan hang c6 the mer Ong them nhieu khach hang man, ding vesi d6 11 that chat them mid quan he von nhi'rng khach hang Nhatn gidp ngdn hang thu hat drew nguan van tit khdch hang di vay Ngulin von huy dOng tir din cu luon chitin phan Ian trong tong ngurin vim huy dOng cua ngan hang, veri viec ma rOng hoat dOng cho vay dai veri hi) san xuAt, ngan hang co the tao duqc uy tin dOng thai ma rOng pham vi khdch hang la cac hi) san xuAt. Dieu nay riling thtri ding gin!) cho ngan hang co them nhieu co hOi de tiep can duqc ngutin von tir khich hang. 1.2.3. Cdc chi lieu think gill khd ndng ?no rang hog! dOng cho vay dai vii 110 son xuAt ctia nein Wing duping mgi Quy mO cho vay d6i veri hti san xuAt ma rOng hay khOng duqc bieu hien qua nhieu chi tieu nhu: su tang tru?mg doanh s6 cho vay d6i veri ho san xuat, str tang twang du nq dai veri ho san xuat, str tang twang so luqng ho san xuAt tham gia vay von, so tang truerng thu nhap, mirc dq da dung h6a ngitnh nghe cua hi) san xuat va cac chi tieu dank gia Idui Wang quill 19 riri cho vay cda ngan hang. Sic tong truing doanh si cho vay dal viti hp sib; xuAt Doanh so cho vay ho san xuAt cho hitt s6 luqng von ma ngan hang da giai ngan cho cac h0 san xuAt vay trong mot thtri kjr, thutmg duqc quy dinh la mot nam. Doanh so cho vay ding lern thi quy mO cho vay ho san xuAt tang 16n, thOng qua str tang truing ve doanh s6 cho vay h0 san xuat qua the nam to co the thAy duqc quy mo mer rOng hoat eking cho vay ho san xuAt mot each toan dien. Tric do tang trutmg doanh s6 cho vay d6i voi WO san xuAt duqc tinh nhu sau: (Doanh s6 nam tithe - Doanh so nam sau) T6c do tang twang doanh sO cho vay hi) san xuAt x 100% = Doanh so nam truerc Doanh sO cho vay ho san xuAt tang co the la do s6 luqng ho san xuAt tham gia vay von tang hoac do mirc tin dung d6i yea mai no san xuat tang. Ben canh do con sir dun chi tieu ttromg d6i la t9 tong doanh so cho vay ho san xuAt trong tong doanh s6 cho vay elm ngan hang de phan imh vi tri quan tong dm cho vay 110 san xuat trong hoat dOng cho vay cita ngan hang. T9 trong doanh s6 cho vay dai von hi) san xuat duqc tinh nhu sau: T9 tong doanh sO Doanh s6 cho vay h0 san xuAt x 100% cho vay ho san xuAt Trang 9 Tong doanh so cho vay Syr tong Inning du nix dai vai hp san Du nq ho san xuat phan anh lugng van ma cac he san xuat can my tai met then diem cu the dm ngan hang. Tong du nq thip phan anh chit lugng tin dung thip, !thong thu but duqc nguei din den vay von. Mat khac, tong du nq cao thi chua chk chit lugng cho vay da tat vi du nq cho vay con ti'em An nhthig nil ro tin dung. Do vay phai xem xet du nq trong mai quan ha voi doanh so"' cho vay vl doanh s6 thu nq de co the ket luan ve viec hoat dung mo rang cho vay d6i ved he san xuat co dam bao tinh an man hay khong. Ben canh d6 veri viec ket hop cac chi tieu nhu no qua hen, lqi nhuan do hoat deng cho vay ho san xuat to co the co duqc cai shin chinh xk ve chit luting hoat dung mer rang cho vay din vol ho san xuAt. Ben canh do, chi tieu su tang truing du no di veri h0 san xuat la chi tieu phial anh su gia tang hay giam oh du my ho san xuat. Talc da tang truemg du no he san xuAt duqc xac dinh nhu sau: Tec de tang tnremg (Du my nam sau — Du no nam truck) x 100% du no he sin xuat = du no nam sau T6c de tang truemg nay duang thi dm la du my ho san xuAt nam sau cao han nam tnr6c, tirc la quy mo cho vay he san xuat dirk me rang tren ca so du nq. TOc de tang tnreng nay cao chua hin da dart gia duqc toin be qua trinh mo tong hoat Ong cho vay dOi WA he san xuAt dot hien qua cao. Sr tong truylng sá haying hp son xulit vay yin S6 lugng he san xuAt tren dja ban la rat nhieu, thy nhien so ho c6 nhu cau vay von co kha rang tiep can &roc veri nguen vim ngin hang chi chiem met phan nh6 tong so de, nhieu ho chua vay van nem hang duqc do nhieu nguyen nhan khic nhau. Quy mo met rang so lugng he san xuat Ion hay nhe la met chi tieu rat quan tong cho thay hoat deng mo rang cho vay din veri he san xuat cua ngan hang da thut su !Nen ngtred clan de ding han trong viec nip can ven nguiin von vay hay chua. TOe de tang truing he san xuAt vay van qua cac nam la met chi tieu phan anh quy m6 mar rang cho vay he san xuAt, the hien qua so lacing he san xuat vay von thay 461 qua cac nam. Con so nay duang chin to quy m8 hoot Ong m6 rang cho vay 46i yeti he san =at da tang len vi nguqc lai. S6 HSX nam sau — S6 HSX nam truk T6c de tang truang x 100% he san xuat vay vein = SO HSX nam truk Trang 10 Thang Long University Library TS/ tong ho san xuat da vay von ngfin hang tren tong s6 ho san xuAt IA mOt chi tieu phan anh quy m6 cho vay h0 san xuAt hien tai va the hien kha nang ma rOng cho vay ho san xuAt trong thai gian tiep theo bing viec phat men cho vay doi vai nhang ho san xuAt chua dugc vay vim ngan hang. TS, trong ho san HO san xuAt da vay vein x 100% xuat da vay vein fling s6 h0 san xuAt Sy. tang Owing doanh se; cho wry trung binh tren mpt hp san xuat : Doanh so cho vay trung binh tren mOt ho san xuAt la gia tri trung binh dm mon vay ma mOi ho san xuat vay toi ngfin hang. Doanh s6 cho vay trung binh tren mOt hi) san xuAt tang len dOng ngliia yeti viec nhu au vay vein dm ho san xuat tang len va cho thy ngan hang da too dieu kien de mOi h0 san xuat co the vay duqc nhieu hon. Quy mo cac Ichoin vay tang len ket hop yeti cac chi tieu danh gia nil ro cho vay se giup chi:mg to dank gia dugc hoot dOng ma rOng cho vay d6i vol hi) san xuAt co dam bao dugc tinh d6ng b0 ca ve s6 itrcmg va chit luqng hay khong. T6c dO tang truOng DS TB nam fru& — DSTB nam trtrac x 100% doanh s6 cho vay TB = DSTB nam truac tren mOt ho san xuAt Thu nhpp tir cho vay hp san xutit Ma rOng hoat dOng cho vay doi yeti ho san xuat kh8ng nhang an phat trien ve quy ma ma con an tap trung vim chit luqng cua nhung khoan vay Cling vol cac chi tieu phan anh quy mo ma rOng tren thi chi tieu thu nhap tir cho vay ho san xuAt IA mOt chi tieu phial anh chit luqng ma rOng hoot dOng cho vay d6i yeti ho san xuAt cua ngfin hang qua cac nam. Day IA mOt chi tieu rat quan tong vi moi hoot dOng cua ngan hang thuang mai deu huang toi mvc dich cao nhAt de la lqi nhuan. Ben canh dO, so sanh chi tieu nay d6ng thCri ding vol cac chi fieu 'chic ve du nq, tjr le mat von con danh gia dugc viec me rOng hoat dOng cho vay doi vOi ho san xuAt co dot duqc chat Wong tot hay khong. He se thu ncr cho vay san xuAt HO s6 thu nq cho biet doanh s6 thu my chiem bao nhieu phan tram so yeti doanh s6 cho vay. He s6 thu no phan anh trong mOt thbi ky, yeti doanh s6 cho vay nhAt dinh thi ngan hang thu ve duqc bao nhieu dog vein. He s6 thu nq cang cao thi thing to hoot dOng cho vay d6i vol h0 san xuAt da han the duqc nhOng rei ro. Trang 11 Hoat dOng ma reng cho vay dti veri he sin xuAt can dam bao v'e su phat trien ca quy m6 cho vay vi chit lugng tin dung. Ket hqp chi tieu he so thu nq ding cac chi tieu khac nhu t9 l'e nq qua han, ty trich lap du phong riri ro cho vay,he so kha nang ba dap nil ro cho vay dti veri he sin xuAt ta co the danh gia dugc chit lugng hoat dung ma rang cho vay dti yeti ho sin xuAt caa nan hang. He so thu nq he sin xuAt ve dugc tinh bang cong thirc: Doanh so thu nq Hg s6 x 100% thu nq = Doanh so cho vay . Iti5 son Ty le ng grid hqn cr & xuAt ro tin dung cling nhu chit lugng tin dung cua cac Day la chi tieu danh gia khoin vay dti veri he sin xuat tai ngan hang. Chi tieu nay cing Ian the hien chit lugng tin dung dti veri he sin xuAt cing kern va ngtrgc lai, ket hqp ven cac chi tieu ttc de tang twang doanh so vi so lugng ho vay von, ta co the danh gia boat Ong ma tong cho vay d61 veri ho sin xuAt co thac str dat hieu qui hay khong, ngin hang c6 kha ning thu hti vim mia ngan hang dti veri the khoin vay cua ho sin xuAt hay kh8ng. Theo quy dinh cfm NHNN hien nay chi tieu nay khong dugc vugt qua 3%, neu chi tieu nay vugt qua 3% thi cho thAy hoat Ong cho vay dti veri ho sin xuAt dem lai tin ro Ian cho ngan hang. T9 l'e nq qua han cua he sin xuat dugc tinh bing cong thirc sau. T9 lg ng Ng qui han ho sin xuat x 100% qua han cua = ho sin xuat Du nq he' sin xuAt Vbng quay win cho vay he sal: xuAt Wong quay von cho vay ho sin xuat the hieu thc do luin chuyen the khan vay ma ngin hang cap cho cac ho sin xuAt, ngoai ra chi tieu nay cho biet ngfin hang thu dugc nq cua cac ho sin xuAt bao nhieu de ce the lai cho vay mai. Day la chi tieu quan tong de Anti gia kha ning to chirc quart 19 win vay va hie'u qui tin dung trong viec dip Cmg nhu ciu cua cac he sin xuat. Vong quay nay car% cao thi chfing to ngutn von vay cua ngin hang di dugc luin chuyen nhanh, them gia vao nhieu chu Icy sin xuit, gitip ngin hang 661 kiem chi phi, tao ra nhieu lqi nhuon cho ngin hang. Day la met chi tieu quan tong danh gift khi ning yin 19 ngutin von cua ngan hang trong viec hoat Ong ma reng cho vay doi veal he sin xuAt. yang quay vim cho vay he sin xuAt ducat tinh bing cong thirc: Wing quay Du nq birth quin he sin xuAt x 100% von cho vay Trang 12 Thang Long University Library ho sin xuat Doanh s6 thu nq ho sin xuAt 1.3. Cie nhin to ink hung den khi ning ma ling haat dOng cho vay dOi vai 60 sin xuat cfia ngin king thwung mai Hoot dOng cho vay doi yeti ho sin xuat chlu inh huemg cua nhieu yeu to, inh huang den ca qui mo cho vay vi chit luqng cho vay hi) sin xuAt. Trong nhung nhin t6 do bao ginn hai 'them nhan t6 chu yeu la nhin t6 khich quan vi nhin t6 chit quan. 1.3.1. Nhan to` chi quan Nhiin to h0 sin add D*c firth dm ho inh huang truc tiep din nhu ciu ve vay von. Nhu cAu ve von cua ho duqc xic djnh tren ca so phuong in sin xuat cua ho vi d61 tuqng sin xuat cita Phuong in sin xuAt cua ho phii mang loi hiEu qui, phit hqp van chinh sich phit trian cOa dja phtrcmg, sin xuAt theo phip lust. Th8ng thuang cic hi) sin xuAt vay vein de sin xuat nhung trong mot so truong hop cu the thi ngin hang hart chi cho vay doi veri cic ho sin xuAt kern hiEu qui, sin xuat nhOng mit hang co kha nAng tieu thy kern dem loi thu nhip thip. Phuomg in sin xuAt cern h0 quyet djnh true tiep din nhu au vay vim dm ho, tir d6 anh huang din hoot dung cho vay ho san xuAt cua ngfin hang. Nhung khong phai bit cu ho nio ngin hang cfmg cho vay, ma con phu thuoc vio tai sin dim bio cua ho, vao y thirc tri my dm ho. Diy la nhung yiu t6 anti huang din khi ning tri nq cua h6 sin xuAt khi den han tri hq nem hang, inh huang den chit luqng hoot &Ong cho vay ho sin xuat cis ngin hang, giy rui ro cho ngfin hang khi ho san xuAt co tinh khOng tra my, ter do inh hueng 16n din kha ming ma rung cho vay ho sin xuAt trong thai gian ten cua ngin hang. Bin thin h0 sin xuat co AM huang den hoot dung cho vay cua ngin hang Ichong chi 6 quy met cho vay ma con a chit luqng cho vay. Nhu au cita cic ho ve sin xuAt trong nhung 11nh Arc nhAt djnh quyet djnh din quy mo vay von cila cic ho, dung thai quyit djnh den doanh so cho vay ho sin xuAt cua ngin hang. Sau khi cho vay thi tinh thin to giic cua My, nhin thirc cia ho vi tai sin dim bio cua ho co inh huang den chit lucmg cua cho vay, inh htremg den quy mo cho vay lin sau coa ngin hing. C6 the n6i, bin thin hi) sin xuat co nhieu inh huang den khi ning mo rung hoot dOng cho vay cua ngin hang. Nhin t6 nOi tai cfia ngin hing thmmg mai Ben canh nhin to chit quan la cic h0 sin xuat thi trong cho vay ho sin xuAt cung can nhan to chit quan het suc quan trong, d6 li bin thin ngan hang cho vay. Chinh cic chinh sich trong cho vay ho sin xuAt ciut ngin Ming AM huang truc dip vi rat tem din quy m6 vi chit luqng cho vay ho sin xuat cua minh. Trang 13 Chink sach lai suet Chinh sach !Ai suit cho vay 461 vein he sin xuAt la met trong nhang chinh sach quy& djnh true tiep den nhu cAu vay von dui the he. Lai suit ma cao qua thi cac he se khong tiep can duqc yen nguen von cia ngan hang. Lai suit ma thip qua thi hoot dOng cia ngin hang kern hieu qua, Ida nang sinh Itri thip. Do d6, ngan hang phai co chinh sach xac djnh mire lai suit cho vay ho san xuat hqp ly de ca the tang kha nang cho vay, thu hat cac ho san xuAt co nhu cau vay vein den ngan hang vay vein. Chink sdch phtit trim hoist (king cho vay doi vai Ni t stirs xuat Ck chinh sach phat trien cia ngan hang ding anh huOng den quy me cia cho vay ho san xuat. Mai ngan hang deu co nheng djnh hueng phat then, xac djnh Ichich hang mqc tieu cho rieng minh. Neu muc tieu khong phai IA thj trifling nong then, khach hang kh6ng phai la cac he san xuAt thi cac ho san xuat kh6 co the tiep can duqc ngutn vein dm ngan hang. Neu ngan hang coi tong thj tnrong ding th6n la muc tieu chd yeu, khach hang chi yeu IA cac ho sin xuAt thi ngfin hang luon luon uu tien phat trien kinh to ho sin xuAt nhe d6 ma chinh sach cho vay he san xuat mei phat then, quy mo cho vay he san xuat meri ma rung. Nguan van huy dQng cut, nein hang Khong chi co cac chinh sach phat trien cho vay man anti hutng den quy me cho vay ho san xuAt ma de ca the ma reng cho vay thi doi hoi ngin hang phai c6 nguen vein Ian, c6 kha nang dap irng nhu cau vay vein cia cac he san xuat bAt cir khi nao the he co nhu cau vay. DE co duqc nguen vein lam thi ngfin hang ding phai c6 cac chinh sach nhim thu hit von gai vac) ngan hang, thu hilt met khei luqng tien de c6 the dap Ong duk nhu cAu vay von ciaa cac ho khi ho co nhu cau. Ngoai viec quan tam den khei luqng von huy dOng, ngan hang con an quan tam den then han tien guff va then han tin dung, de co the cho vay ma van dip img kha nang thanh town khi den theri han tien giri khach hang den rut tien. Ngan hang phai chi deng trong viec chuyen hoan kSr han giaa then han tin dung va than han girl tien. Neu nguen tien girl chi, yeti la ngin han thi ngfin hang Ich6 dap Ung duqc nhu au vay dai han cua cac ho san xuat, vi no inh huerng den kha nang thanh khoan cua ngan hang. Hoyt ding marketing De thut hien tot cac chinh sach phat trien cda ngfin hang va chinh sach huy dOng vent thi ngan hang phai Hwy hien Mt chinh sach Marketing ngfin hang, gieri thieu cho cac he sin xuAt ve ngin hang minh. De cac he san xuAt hitt' them ve ngan hang, giffp hq Met ve cac hinh thirc cho vay, dui tqc, diEu kien vay yen, de hq co the tiep can veri ngutn yen cua ngfin hang. Trang 14 Thang Long University Library Co' so 41 chat ctia ngan king Cimg veri cac chInh sich phat trien ngan hang thi co sir vat chat dia ngan hang, dei nge can b0 tin dung cua ngan hang cung c6 anh huemg den hoat deng cho vay he san xuAt. Co ser vat chAt ky thuat de la mang Itreri rang lam thuan tien cho khich hang giao djch, giam chi phi tin dung va thu het nhieu khich hang hen. Mang lueri chi nhanh thuan tien, cac ho sin xuAt c6 the de" &mg tiep xuc veri chi phi thap nhAt thi se thu but cac he sin xuat c6 nhu cAu vay vein den veri ngan hang nhieu hon. Nang Ific cda cdn bQ fin dyng DOi ngu can be tin dung la nguti truc flap, tiep Vic veri cac ho sari xuAt, hq la ngutri true tiep thim djnh tai sin dm he va phuong in sin xuAt dia he c6 tinh kha thi hay khong de cho vay. Deng then, can be tin dung ding la ngu&i giup der the ho sat xuAt lam h6 so vay van, giai thich cho he hieu thu laic vay von. DOi ngii nay ma c6 trinh de, c6 kinh nghiem thi hoot dOng cho vay he sin xuAt se phat trien dugc ci quy mo va chat luong, dem lai hieu qua cho hoat dOng cua ngan hang. 1.3.2. Nhung nhan khdch quan Nhang than t6 khach quan la nhfrng than t6 thu6c ve moi trutmg xung quanh tutu : moi truong kinh to , moi twang phip ly, moi trubng to nhien xa hoi. Mai truung kinh ti Tinh hinh kinh to tai dja phuong ca Jut hieing lern den hoat deng cho vay he sin xuat. Kinh to a< dja phuong the hien met phAn kinh to cua cac ho sin xuAt va xu huerng phat then cua cac he. M8i trutmg kinh to ma chain phat trien, kinh to chi tap trung trong met s6 nginh nghe nhAt djnh thi kinh to he sin xuAt ding kern phat trien. Cic he sin xuAt khong c6 nhu cAu ve yen de du to vao sin xuAt do nhu cau cua thi trueng khong dap img dugc, neu sin xuAt 0 thieu nhieu yeu t6 ke ca dau vao lin dAu ra cho sin phim. Khi de cac ngfin hang se kh8ng the mar rang hoat dOng cho vay dei veri cac he san xuAt dugc. Mat khac, kinh to cua dja phuang ma phat trien, tao co h6i phat trien cho nhieu nginh nghe, thi twang phong phu ca ve nguyen lieu cho sin xuAt !An du moi lieu thu sin pham. Clic he sin xuat c6 nhi'Au phuong in sin xuat mang tinh kha thi hen, kinh to dm he sin xuat khAm kha ham dm den nhu cAu dAu to vao sin xuat cua cac hi) sin xuAt se nhieu len, del h6i nhu cAu ve von nhieu. Chinh vi the ma ngan hang 0 mar rang dugc qui mo cho vay he sin xuat, &mg died chit luong dia cac khoan cho vay ding dugc tang len khi kinh to hi) sin xuAt phat trien cimg veri su phat trien dia kinh to cua dia phuong. Mai triton phdp iy Trang 15 Bat dr mot hog dOng san xuAt kinh doanh nao ding dei hen phai hog dOng dva tren mot co so phap ly that djnh theo qui dish cua nha nuerc. Hog d'Ong cua ngan hang ding king phai ngoai le, ngan hang la mot loai hinh doanh nghiep dac bi'et, hoat dOng elm no la kinh doanh tien tg, 17th viec nay het sue nhay cam vii sv phat trim cua nen kinh te. Do de hog dOng cua no chju sir quan 1y nghiem ngat cua nha nuerc thong qua NHNN. NIINN dua ra cac quy djnh, chinh sach nh8m phat then he thong ngin hang mot each yang manh, de gip phAn phat trien nen kinh to &At ntroc. Trong cac chinh sach phat trim thi hoat dOng cho vay cua ngan hang duqc nha nuerc ch6 frog dk biet beri day la mot trong nhang hog dOng sinh Iii cho ngan hang. Hoat dOng cho vay cua ngan hang rat da dang, phong phu nhtmg mot trong nhUng float tong do c6 anh hung lot den sv phat then cua thanh phin kinh to h0 trong nen kinh to thi twang nhieu thanh phai, do la cho vay he) san xuAt. Cho vay h0 san xuat coy nghla quan trong trong viec phat then kinh to he). NHNN c6 chinh sach uu dai nhim phat trim cho vay h0 san xuAt de phat trim kinh 4 dm cac ho san xuat trong xa hOi, tir de phat then kinh to cua xa hOi. Ding thai yeti cac chinh sach cua nein hang thi Chinh phil va cac co quan chinh quyen dja phtrang ding tao dieu kien cac h0 san xuAt co the tien hanh san xuAt, vay von ngan hang mot each thuan den nhim phat then kinh to h0 san xuAt. MOi mot chinh sach cua NHNN, Chinh phu ve viec phat then kinh 4 ho san xuAt deu anh hang den hoat dOng cho vay ho san xuat cua cac ngan hang, guy& djnh den quy mo cho vay h0 san xuAt. Mili truitng nhien Cac h0 san xuAt o nu& ta thuerng san xuAt trong nth vve 'long nghiep, day la tinh vltc sari xuAt phv thuOc nhieu vao dieu kien to nhien. Neu dieu Wen Ai nhien king thuan lqi thi san xuat cua cac he king hieu qua, lqi nhuan khOng cao, nhu cau vay von de dau to san xuAt king cao. Neu dieu kien AT nhien thuan Lori, san xuat trong nong nghiep dat hieu qua cao thi kich thich the ho san xuat dap Cmg nhu cAu cua cac h0. Trong qua trinh san xuat cua cac h0 ding co the Op phii riri ro khi co thien tai xay ra va anh hang den kha nang tra nq cua cac h1). Tit do chat luryng cho vay h0 san xuat cua ngan hang bj giam xtiOng, t9 nq xAu cao, anh hang den hoat dOng mer King cho vay h0 san xuAt cua ngan hang. CO the not day ding la yeu t6 anh hung lot den sv phat trim cua kith to h0 san xuAt, d4c biet la the hi) san xuat On nu& ta, khi san xuAt cua hq chu yeu la trong 11th we noting nghi'ep, sv thanh cling hay that bai cua qua trinh san xuAt phv thuk nhieu vio dieu kien tv nhien. Khi ne anh hang den kinh to dm h0 san xuat thi no ding anh hang den nhu cat' vay von ctia cac h0 san xuAt, tir d6 anh hang den hoat dOng cho vay h0 san xuat dui nein hang. Vim a chinh 14, xi hill Trang 16 Thang Long University Library Nb€kng yeu toS bien &Ong tieu cot ve chinh trl, xa hal c6 anh huerng tai hoat clang san xuat, kinh doanh cim cac ha san xuat, gay ra MI6 khan trong viec hoan van, tra lai lam thay dai mire da rui ro din hei nha quan trj phai danh gia loi rai ro cua hoat dang cho vay va c6 nhOng bien phap quart trj phir hop. CS cac }dm we yang nOng than va trinh da din tri chua duqc cao, bj kith clang ben nhung yeu t6 chinh trj, xa hal, dieu nay c6 anh huang tai nhang chinh sach ve hoat clang cho vay cua ngan hang. Nhieu dai tuqng thuac dien ngheo nhung khong c6 kha fling va trinh da san xuat, nen viec theo dOi, trq qua trinh sir ding van cua khach hang con gap nhieu khe khan vi vay kha nang ma rang hoot clang cho vay dal vai cac doi prang nay op rat nhieu tra ngai. KET LU4N CHUONG 1 Trong chtrcmg 1, khaa luan da nghien cum nhang van de ca ban ve cho vay ha san xuAt va ma rang boat &Ong cho vay dal vai ha san xuAt. Cu the, chuong 1 da giim chi:mg to co mat cai nhin tang quit ve khai niem, dac diem cling nhu nhUng vai fro ma hoat clang cho vay ha san xuAt mang lai. Day la co ser de Boa Juan tiep toe nghien elm thqc trong ma rang hoat clang cho vay den vai hi?' san xuAt tai Ngan hang Nang nghi'ep va Phat trim Nang th8n Viet Nam — chi nhimh huyen Hoii Due trong chuong 2. Trang 17 CHUONG 2. THVC TWIG HOAT HONG CHO VAY DOI VOI HQ SAN XUAT TAI NGAN HANG NONG NGHI$P VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON VIET NAM — CHI NHANH HUY€N HOAI Dec 2.1. Ding quan ve NOM hang Nong Nghitp va Phit Then Meng then Vitt Nam — chi nhanh huytn Mai Dec 2.1.1. Vai nit vi Ngfin hang Nang Nghifp va PSI Triin Nang then Vitt Nam NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam la ngan hang 16.n nhat Viet Nam ca ve von, tai san, dpi ngii can by nhan vien, mang lueri hoat dOng va so lucmg khich hang. Tinh den 31/12/2014, vi the din du cua NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam lain ducm khing djnh ved tren nhieu phucrng dien: - -Ding tai sin: 762.869 t5, ding. - Tong ngtiOn von: 690.191 t5, ding. - Von diet% le: 29.605 t5, ding. - TOng du no: tren 605.324 t5, ding. - Mang lueri hoat dOng: gAn 2.300 chi nhanh vi phong giao dich tren wan qutc, Chi nhanh campuchia. - Nhan so: gat 40.000 can b0, nhan vien. NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam Ition chti tong dAu to 461 men vi (mg dong ding nghe ngan hang phvc v4 dic lye cho cong tac quan trj kink doanh vi phat then mang Itren dich vv ngtm hang tien tien. NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam Ii ngan hang dAu tien hoan thanh Do an Hien dai hem he thong thanh toan va Ice town khkh hang (IPCAS) do Ngan hang The gi6i tai fro. Vol he thEng IPCAS dA dtrqc hoin thien, NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam du nAng lye cung img cac sin phAm, dich vv ngan hang hien dai, veri de an town va chinh xac cao den mcd 4:161 Wong khkh hang trong va ngoai nuem. Hien nay, NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam dang c6 hang trieu khach hang la h0 san xuAt, hang chvc ngan khich hang la doanh nghiep. NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam la mOt trong so cac ngin hang c6 quan 114 ngfin hang dai ly lem nhAt Viet Nam vol tren 1.000 nem hang dai 15, tai gat' 100 qutc gia va vitt% lath, 016. NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam la Chu tjch Hiep hoi Tin dtmg Wag nghiep Nang them Chau A Thai Binh Dtrcmg (APRACA) nhie'm IcY 2008 - 2010, la that'll vien Hiep hed Tin dung Nang nghiep Quhc to (CICA) vi Hiep hed Ngan hang Chau A (ABA); dAng cai t6 chirc nhieu hen nghi guise to lern nhu: 1101 nghj FAO vao nam 1991, MN nghj Trang 18 Thang Long University Library APRACA vao nam 1996 va nam 2004, Hiji nghj tin dung nong nghiep quoc to CICA vao nam 2001, Hiji nghj APRACA ye thuy san vao nam 2002... NIINo&PTNT Viet Nam la ngan hang hang Au tai Viet Nam trong viec tiep nhan va trim khai cac dv an nuOc ngoai. Trong bei earth kinh to din bien phut tap, NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam vin duce cac t6 chac (lute to nhu Ngan hang the girth (WB), Ngan hang Phat trim chau A (ADB), Co quan phat trim Phap (MD), Ngin hang Diu Au (EIB)... tin nhiem, fly that then khai tren 123 dv an vita tong s6 von tiep nhan dat tren 5,8 ty USD. Agribank khong ngimg tier) can, thu but cac dv an mei: Hqp tu chau d6ng tai trq veri Ngan hang Diu tu chau Au (EIB) giai doan II; Dv an tai chinh nong them III (WB); Du an Biogas (ADB); Dv in JIBIC (Nhat Ban); Dv In phat trien cao su tieu di'en (MD) v.v.. Ben canh nhiem vv kinh doanh, NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam con the hien troth nhiem xa hOi cua mOt doanh nghiep lan vhi su nghiep An sinh xa hOi cna dal nuerc. Thvc hien Nghi guy& 30a/2008/NQ-CP cua Chinh phu ve chuong trinh ho trq gram ngheo nhanh va ben Wing 461 voi 61 huyen ngheo thuoc 20 tinh, NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam da trim khai 116 trq 160 ty dong cho hai huyen Muting Ang va Tiva Chaa thuOc tinh Dien Bien. Sau khi ban giao 2.188 nha a cho nguari ngheo vao 2009, thing 8/2010 NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam tiep We ban giao 41 khu nha a veri 329 phong, 40 khu ye sinh, 40 h6 thong cap nu6c, 40 nha bep, 9.000m2 san be tong, trang thiet bj phvc vv sinh hoat cho 38 truang hgc tren dja ban hai huyen nay. Ben canh 46, NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam ung hi) xay dung nha tinh nghia, nha dal doan lc& tai nhieu dia phuong tren ca nuac; tang s6 Wet kiem cho cac cvu nu thanh nien xung phong co hob canh kh6 khan; tai trq kinh phi m6 tim cho the em nho bj benh tim bim sinh; tai trq kinh phi xay chmg Benh vien ung birth' khu vvc mien Trung; ton tao, tu b6 cac Di tich lich sir quiic gia. Hang nam, can bij, vien chat trong toan he thOng (Jong gap 04 ngay lucmg ung h0 Quy den on dap nghia, Quy Ngay vi ngutri ngheo, Quy Bao trq tre em Viet Nam, Quy tinh nghia nganh ngan hang. SO tien NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam dung gap cho cac hoat dijng xa hsi tir thien vi cong dting tang don qua cac nam, rieng nam 2011 len tai 200 ty nam 2012 la 333 ty' dting, nam 2013 tren 400 ty clang, nam 2014 g An 300 ty ding. Vei nhftng thanh tvu dat dirge, vao dfing dip Icy niem 21 nam ngly thanh lap (26/3/1988 - 26/3/2009), NliNo&PTNT Viet Nam vinh dv dugc den T6ng Bi thu toi tham va lam viec. TOng Bi thu bleu &rang nhang dang gap quan tong dm NFINo&PTNT Viet Nam va nhan manh nhiem Ai elm NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam 46 la quan triet sou sic, thvc hien tot nhat Nghi quy'e't 26-NQ/TW theo huOng "Doi mai Trang 19 . chinh sash de huy dong cao the ngu8n luc, phat trier' kinh to nong matt me co ch & thOn, nang cao dit song vat chat va tinh thin dm nong dan". Val vi the la Ngan hang thtrong mai — Dinh che tat chinh lin nhat Viet Nam, Agribank da, clang Ithong ngirng n8 lye, Oat dirge nhiEu thanh tin Clang khich le, thing g6p to lin vio str nghiep phat trier' va hoi nhap vii quit to etia dat nuere. 2.1.2. Qua trinh hinh thank va phat trier' cua Ngfin hang Ming Nghiep Va Phat Min Nang then Viet Nam - chi nhanh huyen Hold Dar Ten day di: Ngan Hang Wing nghi'ep va Phat thin Ming them Viet Nam — chi Minh huyen Hoai Dire Ten viec tat: Agribank huyen Hoii Dire Dia chi: Thi tin Tram tan — Huyen Hoai Dire — Tharth Ph6 Ha NOi Dien thoai : 0433861210 Website: www.Aaribank.com.vn Hoii Dire la mOt ving dOng bang song Day, phia Bic giap huyen Dan Phucmg, phia Tay giap huyen Tam Hiep, phia nam giap huyen Quit Oai, each thanh phi) Ha Deng 22 km vE hying dong Bic, each trung tam thi do Ha NOi gin 20 km vE huing tong. Nam 6 vi tri phia thy trung tam Ha NOi vii rat nhieu tic cluing giao thOng quan tong chay qua nhu: Qu6c 10 32, dtrong cao toe Lang — Hoa Lac, nhang tuyen cluing chinh n6i liEn Hoai Dire vii Thit do Ha NOi; clutch) 21A - diem kited d'au tuyen cluing HO Chi Mirth nOi Hoai Dire vii cac tinh phia tay bL; tinh 10 80, 84 not trung tam huyen vii cac huyen ban trong tinh,... Holi Dire co vi the het sire thuan lqi cho viec giao luu phat trier' kinh te, thucmg mai. Dac biet, vii viec hinh thanh cac khu cong nghiep Kim Chung, khu do thi Hachico, khu Dai hqc Thanh DO, Thi trim Tram Troi, cong cac aim diem cong nghiep Phimg, Lai Xa,... ten dia ban, huyen Hoai Dire clang ter thanh nai co tot c dO phat trier' cong nght'ep sot dOng !that trong toan vimg. Day chinh la the math Mo sire hip clan lin cho huyen trong vice thu hit cac du an dau to vio host dOng trong tuong lai khong xa. Vii he tiding ling nghE phong phi, da ding (35/54 ling ngha, trong dO co 8 ling duqc cong nhin la ling nghe truyen thing) co be day truyen thOng hang tram nam nay va n6i tieng ea nu& nhu: lang ky nghe 46 they San Dting, ling co kim khi Kim Chung; lang mien Ducmg Lieu,... Hoai Dire duce danh gia rat co tiEm fling de phat then cac nganh ngh'E cong nghiep — tieu dal cong nghiep. Cling vii lye lucmg lao dOng din dao tó quyet dinh de clang timg buck del:, can vii ky thuat san xuat hien dai, day se la nhan Trang 20 Thang Long University Library