Tài liệu Nguồn tin kinh tế tại trung tâm thông tin tư liệu khoa học và công nghệ quốc gia

Website: http://www.docs.vn Email : [email protected] Tel (: 0918.775.368 bµi 2. 1.§Ò bµi: M« pháng cuéc ch¹y thi giöa 2 tµu chiÕn gäi lµ Tµu 1 vµ Tµu 2. Néi dung nh sau: Cã 2 tµu chiÕn gäi lµ Tµu1 vµ Tµu 2 xuÊt ph¸t t¹i cïng mét c¨n cø ®iÓm vµ ®i ®Õn ®Ých trong mét lé tr×nh dµi Y (km). Trong qu¸ tr×nh ®i th× c¸c tµu ph¶i dõng l¹i tiÕp nhiªn liÖu däc ®êng. Do cã dùa vµo trang thiÕt bÞ hiÖn ®¹i vµ ®îc chÕ t¹o víi c«ng nghÖ cao h¬n nªn Tµu 1 cã vËn tèc lín h¬n Tµu 2 tuy nhiªn còng v× lý do ®ã mµ Tµu1 cã hÖ sè s½n sµng xuÊt ph¸t bÐ thua hÖ sè s½n sµng xuÊt ph¸t cña Tµu 2. Trªn ®êng ®i cø mçi lÇn dõng l¹i ®Ó tiÕp nhiªn liÖu c¸c tµu l¹i tiÕp tôc xuÊt ph¸t víi hÖ sè s½n sµng lÇn lîc lµ hssst1 vµ hssst2. Qu·ng ®êng ®i ®îc cña c¶ hai tµu ®îc céng dån. H·y thiÕt lËp mét bµi to¸n m« pháng víi c¸c hÖ sè s½n sµng lµ mét sè ngÉu nhiªn sao cho Tµu 2 cã x¸c suÊt vÒ ®Ých lín h¬n Tµu 1. 2. Ph©n tÝch ®Ò bµi. Bµi to¸n nµy thuéc lo¹i bµi to¸n m« h×nh ho¸ hÖ ngÉu nhiªn víi biÕn ngÉu nhiªn ë ®©y lµ hÖ sè s½n sµng xuÊt ph¸t cña c¸c tµu. Trong thuËt gi¶i nµy th× vËn tèc cña c¸c tµu cã thÓ ®îc thÓ hiÖn qua qu·ng ®êng mµ nã di chuyÓn ®îc trong mét kho¶ng thêi gian nhÊt ®Þnh cho tríc. Nh vËy khi thùc hiÖn gieo mét sè ngÉu nhiªn th× ta ph¶i so s¸nh víi c¸c hÖ sè s½n sµng cña c¶ hai tµu ®Ó ra quyÕt ®Þnh tµu nµo xuÊt ph¸t. Thùc hiÖn gieo c¸c sè ngÉu nhiªn ®Ó thö lµ néi dung cña ph¬ng ph¸p m« h×nh ho¸ hÖ ngÉu nhiªn. Néi dung cña ph¬ng ph¸p ®îc tr×nh bµy ë trong bµi 1. 3. C¸c biÕn ngÉu nhiªn Nh trªn ®· tr×nh bµy sù xuÊt ph¸t cña c¸c tµu ®îc ®¸nh gi¸ qua mét sè ngÉu nhiªn ®ã lµ hÖ sè xuÊt ph¸t. Nh vËy biÕn ngÉu nhiªn ë ®©y chÝnh lµ hÖ sè xuÊt ph¸t. NÕu nh hÖ sè s½n sang cña c¸c tµu ®îc lÊy c¸c gi¸ trÞ trong kho¶ng [0,1] th× sè ngÉu nhiªn lµ mét sè cã ph©n bè U(0,1). 4. Ph©n tÝch gi¶i thuËt. Gi¶i thuËt cho bµi to¸n trªn ®îc x©y dùng nh sau: + Cho tríc c¸c th«ng sè kh«ng ®æi trong qu¸ tr×nh chuyÓn ®éng nh vËn tèc cña c¸c tÇu vµ qu·ng ®êng di chuyÓn sau mçi lÇn tiÕp nhiªn liÖu. + Gieo mét sè ngÉu nhiªn x=U(0,1): NÕu xhssst1 th× Tµu 2 xuÊt ph¸t + Thùc hiÖn so s¸nh qu·ng ®êng di chuyÓn ®îc cña c¶ hai tµu so víi ®é dµi qu·ng ®êng Ên ®Þnh tríc nÕu tÇu nµo vÒ ®Ých tríc th× kÕt thóc cuéc ch¬i. 5. Lu ®å thuËt gi¶i nh sau: NhËp sè liÖu hssst1,hssst2 NhËp Y LÊy x=U(0,1) x<=hssst1 § Tau1cd, Tµu 2cd S S § hssst1<=x<=hssst2 xt1=xt1+x01 or xt2=xt2+x02 S Tµu 2cd S xt1=Y or xt2=Y xt2=xt2+x02 S § xt2=Y § END 6.§iÒu kiÖn ®Çu, ®iÒu kiÖn dõng m« pháng. §iÒu kiÖn ®Çu ë ®©y lµ kho¶ng c¸c cña hµnh tr×nh vµ c¸c kho¶ng c¸c chuyÓn ®éng cña Tµu 1 vµ Tµu 2. §iÒu kiÖn dõng chuyÓn ®éng lµ khi mét trong 2 tµu vÒ ®Ých. 7.Ch¬ng tr×nh m« pháng. Ch¬ng tr×nh sau ®îc x©y dùng trªn ng«n ng÷ C víi m· nguån ®îc cho díi ®©y. #include"mou.h" #include"iostream.h" #include"math.h" #include"conio.h" #include"stdio.h" #include"graphics.h" #define Enter 13 void Write_text(int x1, int y1,double x,char*s,int color); void write_value(int*x,int*y,char*s); void read_value(int*x,int*y,char*s); int Nhap_kc_tau1(void); int Nhap_kc_tau2(void); double Nhap_hsss_tau1(void); double Nhap_hsss_tau2(void); void Data_in(void); void void void void tau1_cd(void); tau2_cd(void); ve_tau1(void); ve_tau2(void); void Win(void); void Run(void); void button(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int color,char s[],int color_s,int size); void button1(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int color); void _line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int color); void _line1(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2); void main_h(void); void help(void); int xt,yt,xr,yr,nt,nr,i,j=0,k=0,t=0,kct1,kct2,a=0; double hst1,hst2; char*pr,*pt; void write_value(int*x,int*y,char*s) { outtextxy(*x,*y,s); *x+=textwidth(s); } void read_value(int*x,int*y,char*s) { int i=0;char ch[2]; ch[1]=0; while(1) { ch[0]=getch(); if(ch[0]==Enter) break; write_value(x,y,ch); s[i]=ch[0]; ++i; } s[i]=0; } int Nhap_kc_tau1() { int xt1=220,yt1=380; char*st1; read_value(&xt1,&yt1,st1); return atoi(st1); } int Nhap_kc_tau2() { int xt2=220,yt2=435; char*st2; read_value(&xt2,&yt2,st2); return atoi(st2); } double Nhap_hsss_tau1() { int xst1=470,yst1=380; char*sst1; read_value(&xst1,&yst1,sst1); return atof(sst1); } double Nhap_hsss_tau2() { int xst2=470,yst2=435; char*sst2; read_value(&xst2,&yst2,sst2); return atof(sst2); } void Data_in(void) { char ch; setcolor(1); kct1=Nhap_kc_tau1(); kct2=Nhap_kc_tau2(); hst1=Nhap_hsss_tau1(); hst2=Nhap_hsss_tau2(); //ch=getch(); // if(ch==Enter) Run(); // Run(); } void ve_tau1(void) { setcolor(RED); ellipse(100,50,0,360,20,8); ellipse(100,46,190,357,20,6); line(107,44,110,38); circle(110,38,2); line(93,44,90,38); circle(90,38,2); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE); floodfill(101,54,RED); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,MAGENTA); floodfill(94,45,RED); } void ve_tau2(void) { setcolor(7); ellipse(100,50,0,360,20,8); ellipse(100,46,190,357,20,6); line(107,44,110,38); circle(110,38,2); line(93,44,90,38); circle(90,38,2); } setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN); floodfill(101,54,7); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,13); floodfill(94,45,7); void tau2_cd(void) { if(j<1) putimage(50,170,pr,XOR_PUT); j=j+1; if(j>1) putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); xr=50+kct2*(j-1);yr=170; while(xr=540) { setcolor(15); outtextxy(250,250,"Tau 2 chien thang"); putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); Win(); putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); } if(xr>=kct2*j+50) putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); } } void tau1_cd() { if(k<1) putimage(50,250,pt,XOR_PUT); k=k+1; if(k>1) putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); xt=50+kct1*(k-1);yt=250; while(xt=540) { setcolor(15); outtextxy(250,250,"Tau 1 chien thang"); putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); Win(); putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); } if(xt>=kct1*k+50) putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); } /*void rua_tho_cd(); { if(j<1) putimage(50,200,pr,XOR_PUT); j=j+1; if(j>1) putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); if(k<1) putimage(50,300,pt,XOR_PUT); k=k+1; if(k>1) putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); xr=50+70*(j-1);yr=200; xt=50+98*(k-1);yt=300; while((xr<70*j+50)&(xt<98*k+50)) { putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); delay(500); putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); xr=xr+7; putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); delay(200); putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); xt=xt+10; if(xr==540) { setcolor(15); outtextxy(250,250,"Rua chien thang"); putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); Win(); putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); } if(xt==540) { setcolor(15); outtextxy(250,250,"Tho chien thang"); putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); Win(); putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); } if(xr>=70*j+50) putimage(xr,yr,pr,XOR_PUT); if(xt>=98*k+50) putimage(xt,yt,pt,XOR_PUT); } */ } void Write_text(int x1, int y1,double x,char*s,int color) { gcvt(x,5,s); setcolor(color); outtextxy(x1,y1,s); } void button(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int color,char s[],int color_s,int size) { setfillstyle(1,color); bar(x1,y1,x2,y2); setcolor(15); setlinestyle(0,0,1); line(x1,y1,x2,y1); line(x1,y1,x1,y2); setcolor(0); line(x2,y2,x2,y1); line(x2,y2,x1,y2); } settextjustify(1,1); settextstyle(0,0,size); setcolor(color_s); outtextxy((x1+x2)/2,(y1+y2)/2,s); void button1(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int color) { setfillstyle(1,color); bar(x1,y1,x2,y2); setcolor(0); setlinestyle(0,0,1); line(x1,y1,x2,y1); line(x1,y1,x1,y2); setcolor(15); line(x2,y2,x2,y1); line(x2,y2,x1,y2); } void _line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int color) { setcolor(color); line(x1,y1,x2,y1); line(x2,y1,x2,y2); line(x2,y2,x1,y2); line(x1,y2,x1,y1); } void _line1(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) { setfillstyle(1,9); bar(x1+1,y1+1,x2-1,y2-1); setcolor(0); line(x1,y1,x2,y1); line(x1,y1,x1,y2); line(x1+1,y2-1,x2-1,y2-1); line(x2-1,y2-1,x2-1,y1+1); setcolor(15); line(x1+1,y1+1,x2-1,y1+1); line(x1+1,y1+1,x1+1,y2-1); line(x1,y2,x2,y2); line(x2,y2,x2,y1); } void help() { int mh,mode; mh=DETECT;mode=1; initgraph(&mh,&mode,"..\\bgi"); setbkcolor(1); cleardevice(); Reset_mouse(); Show_mouse(); _line(2,2,637,478,15); _line(5,5,634,475,2); _line(7,8,630,472,15); _line(137,127,523,333,15); _line(135,125,525,335,2); settextstyle(7,0,1); setcolor(5); Hide_mouse(); button1(140,130,520,330,11); setcolor(8); settextjustify(0,0); settextstyle(0,0,1); outtextxy(146,150,"Phan mem mo phong va mo hinh hoa bai 2"); outtextxy(240,170,"Nhom sinh vien thiet ke:"); outtextxy(280,190,"Nguyen Le Hoa"); outtextxy(280,210,"Doan Phi Hung"); outtextxy(280,230,"Hoang Vu Hung"); outtextxy(280,250,"Lai Thien Hung"); outtextxy(165,270,"Phan mem duoc hoan thanh voi su giup do cua"); outtextxy(240,290,"PGS.TS Nguyen Cong Hien"); setcolor(12); outtextxy(265,310,"-------***-------"); Show_mouse(); button(180,380,240,410,2,"Return",1,1); button(420,380,480,410,2,"Exit",1,1); while(1) { } Click_mouse(); if(Win_mouse(180,380,240,410)==1&&Click_mouse()==1) { main_h(); } if(Win_mouse(420,380,480,410)==1&&Click_mouse()==1) { exit(1); } } void Run() { double n1; int n,i=0,k=1; // a=a+50; char*s; //randomize(); while(xt<540 & xr<540&k) { k=0; i=i+1; n=rand() % 10; n1=n*0.1; Write_text(100+40*i,130,n1,s,1); if((n1>hst1)&(n1<=hst2)) { tau2_cd(); delay(1000); } // else if(n1<=hst1) { tau1_cd(); tau2_cd(); delay(1000); } k=1; } } void Win() { int x[1001],y[1001],k; int i,n; char*p[1001]; for(i=1;i<=1000;++i) { x[i]=random(getmaxx())-10; y[i]=random(getmaxy())-10; if(x[i]<0) x[i]=0; if(y[i]<0) y[i]=0; n=imagesize(x[i],y[i],x[i]+10,y[i]+10); p[i]=(char*)malloc(n); getimage(x[i],y[i],x[i]+10,y[i]+10,p[i]); // } while(t<5) do { for(i=1;i<=100;++i) { setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,i%15+1); pieslice(x[i]+5,y[i]+5,0,360,5); } delay(500); for(i=100;i>=1;--i) putimage(x[i],y[i],p[i],COPY_PUT); delay(500); t=t+1; } } void main_h(void) { long *p; int mh=0,mode=0; int xmax ,ymax; initgraph(&mh,&mode,"..\\bgi "); Hide_mouse(); ve_tau2(); Show_mouse(); nt=imagesize(79,36,121,59); pt=(char*)malloc(nt); getimage(79,36,121,59,pt); Hide_mouse(); ve_tau1(); Show_mouse(); randomize(); nr=imagesize(79,36,121,59); pr=(char*)malloc(nr); getimage(79,36,121,59,pr); cleardevice(); Reset_mouse(); setfillstyle(1,3); xmax=getmaxx(); ymax=getmaxy(); bar(0,0,xmax,ymax); Show_mouse(); _line(2,2,637,478,15); _line(5,5,634,475,13); _line(7,8,630,472,15); setcolor(RED); _line(50,150,53,300,15); //outtextxy(50,40,"Gia tri ngau nhien nhan duoc:"); //outtextxy(50,20,"Click Run button to create a number"); _line(580,150,583,300,RED); setcolor(RED); outtextxy(30,130,"START"); outtextxy(560,130,"FINISH"); outtextxy(180,110,"Gia tri ngau nhien nhan duoc"); setcolor(15); outtextxy(60,150,"Tau2"); outtextxy(60,230,"Tau1"); /*--Vung chuc nang---*/ Show_mouse(); _line1(15,350,619,465); _line1(15,17,619,100); button(50,45,100,75,2,"Help",1,1); button(170,45,220,75,2,"Run",1,1); button(290,45,340,75,2,"Reset",1,1); button(410,45,460,75,2,"Data",1,1); button(530,45,580,75,2,"Exit",1,1); /*--Vung vao du lieu--*/ setcolor(15); outtextxy(150,380,"KC_tau 1:"); outtextxy(150,435,"KC_tau 2:"); outtextxy(400,380,"Hsss_tau 1:"); outtextxy(400,435,"Hsss_tau 2:"); button1(200,370,250,390,15); button1(200,425,250,445,15); button1(450,370,500,390,15); button1(450,425,500,445,15); button1(100,120,540,140,15); putimage(50,250,pt,XOR_PUT); putimage(50,170,pr,XOR_PUT); while(1) { Click_mouse(); if( Win_mouse(50,45,100,75)==1&&Click_mouse()==1) { help(); } if( Win_mouse(170,45,220,75)==1&&Click_mouse()==1) { Run(); } if( Win_mouse(290,45,340,75)==1&&Click_mouse()==1) { main_h(); } if( Win_mouse(410,45,460,75)==1&&Click_mouse()==1) { Data_in(); random } if( Win_mouse(530,45,580,75)==1&&Click_mouse()==1) { exit(1); } } } void main() { main_h(); } 8. KÕt qu¶ m« pháng 9. NhËn xÐt vµ b×nh luËt kÕt qu¶. Ta nhËn thÊy víi mét kho¶ng c¸ch chuyÓn ®éng cho tríc th× qu¸ tr×nh gieo sè ngÉu nhiªn th× tuú thuéc vµo ®é s½n sµng cña tõng tÇu mµ x¸c ®Þnh ® îc sè lÇn chuyÓn ®éng cña mçi tµu. Ta cã thª thay ®æi c¸c th«ng sè ®Çu vµo ®Ó x¸c suÊt Tµu 2 th¾ng nhiÒu h¬n tµu 1. 10. Tµi liÖu tham kh¶o. 1. Gi¸o tr×nh M« h×nh ho¸ hÖ thèng vµ m« pháng-PGS.TS NguyÔn C«ng HiÒn 2. Ng«n ng÷ lËp tr×nh C- Ph¹m V¨n Êt.