Tài liệu Nghiên cứu tín hiệu ecg với giải pháp công nghệ asic sử dụng các linh kiện chủng loại fpga cho các ứng dụng truyền thông

MUC LUC 1 2 1. Miic luc 2. 3. Bang giai thich eac chu viet tat Danh sach nhung nguai tham gia de tai 4 4. 5. Danh muc cac bieu bang so lieu Tom tat cac ket qua nghien euu chinh 6 6. BAO CAO TONG KET 6.1 Dat van de 6.2 Tong quan 6.3 Muc tieu va ngi dung nghien euu 6.4 Dia diem va thai gian nghien euu 6.5 Ket qua 6.6 Thao luan 6.7 Ket luan . kien ngbi 6.8 Tai lieu tham khao 7. PHU LUC 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 T6m tat de tai nghien ctru khoa hoc (T.Viet) Tom tat de tai nghien euu khoa hoe { l.Anh) Fhiet ke tren FPGA de loai on eho tin hieu ECG nha bien doi song eon Bia luan van tot nghiep bac dai hoc ve FPGA De cuang da duge phe duvet Hop dong duge thuc hien Tom tat ket qua nghien euu Phieu dang ki ket qua nghien euu OAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THIJ VIEN I) q^^ 7 7 8 15 15 16 16 17 17 !8 20 28 41 43 44 Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi 2. BANG GIAI THIGH CAC TlT VIET TAT Ky hieu TiengAnh Tieng Viet AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise Nhieu Gauss, trang cgng tinh BER Bit Error Rate Ty le bit loi CBl Cross Band Interference Nhieu giua cac bang CSA Carrier Serving Area Vung phue vu song mang DC Direct Current Dong dien mot chieu DC! Discrete Cosine Transform Bien doi Cosin roi rac DDS Digital Data Service Dich \ u dCr lieu so DFE Decision Feed-back Equalizer Bg can bang phan hoi qu>'et dinh DFT Discrete Fourier Transform Phep bien doi Fourier rai rac DMB Discrete Multi-Band Da bang rai rac DMT Discrete Multi'Fone Da am rai rac DMS Discrete MultiScale Da phan giai roi rac DSP Digital Signal Processing Xu ly tin hieu so DVVMT Discrete Wavelet Multitone Transform Bien doi da song con rai rae DVVr Discrete Wavelet Transform Phep bien dot song con roi rac FDM l-requencN Division Multiplexing Hop kenh phan chia thco tan so YVi Fast Fourier Transform Phep bien doi fourier nlianh FIR Finite Impulse Response Bg Igc dap ung xung hirti ban FPGA Field Programable Gate Array Ma tran cong kha lap trmh FWT i-ast Wavelet Transform Phep bien doi song con nhanh HPF High-pass Filter Mach Igc thong cao IBI Inter-Band Interference Nhieu trong bang ICI Inter-CaiTier Interference Nhieu giu'a cac song mang IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform Phep bien doi Fourier rai rac ngirge IDWMT Inverse Discrete Wavelet Muhitone Phep bien doi da song con roi rac Transform ngugc IDWF Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform Phep bien doi ngugc song con roi rac IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Vien Ky thuat Dicn va Dien tu Engineers IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform Phep bien doi ngugc eua phep bien doi Fourier nhanli ISl InterSymbol Interference Nhieu giua cac ki hieu LMSE Least Mean Squared Error Sai so binh phirang trung binh toi thieu LPF Low-Pass Filter Mach Igc thong tbap MCM Multi-Carrier Modulation Dieu che da song mang MFB Matched-Filter Bound Bien bg Igc hoa hgp MRA Multi-Resolution Approximated Gan dicing da phan giai MRSE Mean Redundacy Squared Error Loi binh phuang con dir trung binli MMSE Minimum Mean Squared Error Loi binh phuang trung binh toi thieu MSSNR Maximum Shortening Signal-toNoise Ratio Lam ngan lai toi da t\ so tin hieu v:cn on PDF Probability Densitv Function Ham mat do xac xucit PSD Power Spectrum Density Mat do pho ce^ng suat SDE Scale Domain Equalizer Bg can bang mien phan giai SNR Signal to Noise Ratio T\ so cong biuii tin hicu U'cn iihicu STFT Space Time Frequency Transform Bien doi viine iho'i eian tan so Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi 3. DANH SACH N H L T N G NGlTOI THAiM GIA THL C HIEN DE TAI a. Chu tri de tai : Ths. Nguyen Quoc Tuan Bg mon He thong Vien thong Khoa Dien tir Vien thong Trirane Dai hoc Cone nehe - Dai hoc Quoc eta I ia no\ b. Cac can bo tham gia 1. Tran Quang Dat 2. Mau van Phuo'ng 3. Biii Trung Ninh 4. Iran Thanh I lai Ths. FIgc vien Cao bgc FIgc vien Cao hgc Cu nhan Truang Truang Fruang Truane Dai Dai Dai Dai bgc hgc bgc hoc Cong Cong Cong Cone nghe nghe nghe nehe 4. DANH MUC CAC BANG SO LIEU, HINH VE Hinh 1: Tom tat luu do thiet ke VHDL Hinh 2: Sa do ngiiyen ly mach do tin hieu ECG Hinh 3: So do mach do tin hieu ECG Trang 10 Trang 11 Trang 12 Hinh 4: Sa do Ichoi he xu li tin hieu ECG Hinli 5: Mach chi tiet loai on tren DWT Trang 13 Trang 14 Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi 5. TOM TAT CAC KET QUA NGHIEN CUU CHINH C I A DE TAI Ten de tai: Nghien eim tin hieu ECG vai giai phap cong nghe ASIC sir dung cac linh kien chiing loai FPGA Chu tri de tai: ThS Nguyen Quoc Tuan - Khoa DTVT Ma so de tai: QC.07.12 Muc tieu nghien euu: - Nghien ciru tai lieu, thu thap. tim hieu bo sung ve FPGA. Tao ra san pham mau cong nghe Xilinx su dung FPGA Noi dung nghien ciiu: Nghien euu ngon ngir thiet ke VHDL: -H Lam chu ve phan mem thiet ke FPGA + Xay dung cac mach bien doi s6ng con. Phuong phap nghien ciiu - Nghien euu pham mem thiet ke ISE Foundation 8.0 cua hang Xilinx. Nghien euu ung dung xu ly thong tin (dien tu. xu ly so...). Ni^hien ciai cons neibe FPGA Ket qua nghien ciiu: San pham khoa hgc: T 01 bai bao dang tai tap chi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe DHQGHN. San pham cong nghe: + 01 san pham cong nghe su dung cong nghe Xilinx. San pham dao tao: + 01 kJioa luan tot nghiep dai hgc. Hieu qua kinh te \a kha nang ap dung thuc te: ^ Cho cac do dac \ a thu thap cac tin hieu y sinh. -1- Cho cac thiet bi dien tu chu\en duns. 6. BAO CAO TONG KET 6.1. Dat van de : 1 u nira cuoi the ky 20 eho den nay, tat ca cac cong nghe da phat trien manh nie lam tang cuang sue manh cua xa hoi. Hau bet cac phat trien quan trgng nay. ngoai cac dac trung cua tung Imh vuc. deu dua vao nhirng phat tnen cua Cong nghe Thong tin v a dien tir truyen thong, gom ca phan cimg, phan mem va cac thuat toan lien quan. Soi chi do noi ket cac thanh phan nay chinh la khai niem tich hgp thong minh: cac du lieu duge sap dat phan tich va bai toan duge giai quyet vai nhung phuang phap su' dune tri tue nhan tao. Ve phan mem. chung ta co cac khai niem quan trgng nhu xir ly ttr thicli nehi. thong minh nhan tao. phan mem nhung... Ve phan cung, do tich hgp cac vi mach cane ngay cang cao, cac bg xu ly cang ngay cang manh \'a nhat la cong nghe san xuat bg nha nga)' cang tra nen tinh vi. Hien nay chung ta c6 the sir dung may tinh ca nhan. cac bg vi xu ly tin hicti so (DSP) va cac bg phat trien phan cirng sir dung cong nghe FPGA de giai quyet mot \'an de. Neu cbi su dung may tinh de giai quyet thi thiet bi rat cong kenh va gia thanh cao. Co nhCrng ap dung bai bue}c phai xu dung cac bg vi xu ly DSP de eo gia ihanh thap \a ggn nhe ho'n. Tu}' nhien. trong truang hgp nay chung ta can thiet ke cac giao dien de lien ket \'ai cac thiet bi khac nham hgp thanh mot he thong thich hgp. Cuoi cting. ncu muon mot thiet ke dac biet de kiem chirng chat lugng va tinh kha thi cua mgi giai phap, chung ta c6 the dimg cong nghe FPGA. cho phep chung ta thiel ke va \a\ dirne cac mach xu ly c6 chue nang nhu mong muon. Dau tu cho phan ctrng va phan mem FPGA khong qua dat. cac chip FPGA lap trinh lai duge sir dung duge nhieu Ian, \'i va\v cong cu FPGA rat thich hgp voi biroe dau tien trong chucmg trinh dao tao thicl kc vi dien tir. Mot trong cac ung dimg trong khuon kho de tai SIS la xa\- dung he thone \ u li dua tren FPGA tich hgp DSP. Doi tugng xu li lua chgn trong de tai na\' la cac tin hieu y sinh (tin hieu dien tam do - ECG) Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi 6.2. Tong quan cac van de nghien ciiu a) FPGA Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) la vi mach dung cau true mang phan tu logic ma nguai diing eo the lap trinh duge. (ChuJ^eld a day muon chi den klrci nang tai lap trinli "ben ngoai'' ciia nguai su dung, Idiong phu thugc vao da} chu\cn ^an xuai phue tap ciia nha may ban dan). Vi mach FPGA duge cau thanh tu cac bg phan: • • • Cac khoi logic ca ban lap trinh duge (logic block) Fie thong mach lien ket lap trinh duge Khoi vao/ra [10 Pads) Phan tu thiet ke san khac nhu DSP slice, RAM. ROM. nhan vi xu ly... FPGA eung duge xem nhir mot loai vi mach ban dan chu\en dung .-\SIC. nhu'ne neu so sanh FPGA vai nhung ASIC dac che hoan toan hay ASIC thiel ke tren thir v ien logic thi FPGA khong dat duge muc do toi uu nhu nhCrng loai na_\. va han che uvuig kha nang thuc bien nJiung lac vu dac biet phue tap. tu)' \ay FPGA iru viet hon a cho CO the tai cau true lai kbi dang sir dung, cong doan thiet ke don gian do va\ chi phi giam, rut ngan thai gian dua san pham vao sir dung. Con neu so sanh \'ai cac dang vi mach ban dan lap trinh duge dung cau trhc mang phan tir logic nhu PAL. CPLD thi FPGA uu \ iet ban cac diem: tac vu tai lap Irinh cua fPGA thuc hien don gian ban: kha nang lap trinh linh dgng ban: khac biel quan tri^ng nhat la kien true cua FPG.V cho phep no eo kha nang chira khoi lugng leVn cone logic (logic gate), so voi cac vi mach ban dan lap trinJi duge eo truac no. Thiet ke hay lap trinh cho FPGA duge thuc hien chu yeu bang cac ngon wdu mo ta phan ctrng HDL nhu VHDL, Verilog. .AHDL. cac hang san xuat IPCiA Ion nhu' Xilinx. Altera thuo'ng cung cap cac goi phan mem va thiel hi phu ira cho vjua tnnh thiet ke:. cung c6 mot so cac hang thu ba cung cap cac goi phan mem kieu na\ niur S\nops>s, S\nplif\... Cac goi phan mem na\ c6 kha nang thuc hien tat ca cac btioe cua loan bg quy trinh thiet ke IC chuan \'ai dau vao la ma thiet ke tren HDL (con ggi la ma RTL). Kien true mai cua FPGA cho phep tinh hgp so krgng tiroug doi Ian cac phan tu ban dan vao 1 vi mach so vo'i kien true truac do la CPLD. FPG.A co kha nane chua Un tu' 100.000 dSn hang vai ty cong logic, trong khi CPLD chi chua tir 10.000 den lOU.Oou cone loeic; con so nav doi vai PAL. PEA con thap ban nira chi dat vai nehin de^n 10.000. • CPLD duge cau true tu so lugng nhat dinh cac Ichoi SPED [Simple programcible devices, thuat ngir chung chi PAL. PEA). SPLD thuang la mot mang logic AND/OR lap trinh duge co kich thirae xac dinh va chua mot so lugng han che cac phan tir nha dong bg (clocked register). Cau true na\ han che kha nang thuc hien nhu'ng ham phtre tap va thong thtrang hieu suai lam viee cua vi mach phu thugc vao cau true cu the cua vi mach ban la vao \'eu cau bai toan. • Kien true cua FPGA la kien true mang cac khoi logic. kJioi logic, nho ban nhieu neu dem so sanh vai mot khoi SPLD, uu diem nay giup FPGA co the chua nhieu ban cac phan tir logic va phat huy toi da kha nang lap trinh cua cac phan tu logic va he thong mach ket noi. de dat duge muc dich nay thi kien true cua FPGA phue tap ban nJiieu so vai CPLD. Mot diem khac biel vai CPLD la trong nhCrng FPGA hien dai duge tich hgp nhieu nliCrng bg logic so bgc da so' bg toi uu boa. ho trg I^-\M. ROM. toe do cao. bay cac bg nhan cong (mullication and acciimiikttion. MAC), thuat ngCr tieng Anh la DSP slice dung cho nhirng ung dung xu ly tin hieu so DSP. Ngoai kha nang tai cau true \ i mach toan cue. mot so FPGA hien dai eon ho trg tai cau true cue bo. arc la kha nane lai cau true mot bg phan rieng le Irong khi van dam bao boat eigng bmh thuang cho cae ho phan khac. Lfng dung cua FPGA bao gom: xu ly tin hieu so DSP, cac he thong hang khong. vu Iru. quoc phong. tien thiet ke mau ASIC (ASIC prototvping). cac he llione elieu khicn true quan, phan tich nhan dang anh, nhan dang tieng noi, mat ma hgc, mo hinh phan cij'ng may tiiili... Do tinh linh dgng cao trong qua trinh thiet ke cho phep FPGA giai qu\ et lo'p nhCrne bai toan phiie tap ma truoe kia ebi thirc hien nho phan mem ma\" tmb. ngoai ra nho' mat do cong logic Ion FPGA duge ung dung eho nhCrng bai loan doi hoi khui luoive tinh toan Ian \'a dune trone cac he thone lam \aec theo tho'i eian ihirc. Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi b) VHDL VHDL la ngon ngir mieu ta phan cirng (VHSIC HardM-are Description Language). VHDL mieu ta boat dgng cua mach hay he thong dien tu de eo diroe mach hay he thong dien tu thuc. VHDL duge ung dung cho bai thiet bi logic lap trinh dtrge la CPLD (Thiet bj logic lap trinh duge) va FPGA (cau true mang phan tu logic nta nguai dimg co the lap trinh duge). Mot trong cac tien ich chinh cua VFIDL la no cho phep to hgp mot mach dicn hay mot he thong vao trong mot thiet bi lap trinh duge. Moi mgi khi v iei code \ 1IDL. no CO the duge dung hoac de tao ra "mach dien^' cho ben Irong mot thiel bi co the lap trinli duge (cua Xillinx hay Altera. Atmel ..) hoac eo the duge e1e trinh de cung cap cho nha ma}' che tao chip .ASIC. Khac vai cac chuong trinli eho may tinh chi co the van hanh mot each trinh tu. VFIDL duge coi la '"ma-code'" vi no cho phep van hanh song song. Chi cae trang thai cua VHDL duge dai ben trong mot PROCESS, FbrN'CTlOX nay PRnLFDLRb la diroe van hanh trinli ttr. Cnnipiliinoii 0;uL- ll.'^^ O i H K i u / i[|,in NMillK O j H l l t l i / i ' d (K'llisl i c e ^IHiUl.llidti Hinii I • Tom tat :iru do ihiei ke VHDL HI c) Mach do tin hieu ECG tipcng tiF Tin hieu ECG la rat yeu va khong ro rang, dien ap chenh lech giCra 2 Llicn circ phia tay trai va phia lay phai ca l-3mV va tan so cua cac tin hieu ECG nam trong khoang giua 0.02Hz eho tai 150Hz. Chat lugng ciia cac sensor cam nhan tin hieu LLC; tiiv thuoc vao bang thong cua no. Cac sensor ECG tren thi truang eia re co bane thone tai 30FIz. Do vay mach do tin hieu ECG Analog thuang la mach khm'ech dai tan so rat thap. tu dgng hieu chinh diem zero, mach Igc thong thap, mach Igc thong cao va mach Igc Notch. Duge gep noi vai may tinh de thu thap va chi thi cae tin hieu ECG. So do ngu}en Iv cua mot mach do tin hieu ECG duge 1116 la diroi day: Nhirgc diem chinh cua mach do tin hieu ECG luong tu la kho gia cone ( xu li i tin hieu tuang tu duge do do chat lugng tin hieu FCG analog khong cao. 1 in IUCLI ECCJ khi duge thu nhan bai may tinh co the duge xir li so. nhirne thier hi cone kenh . tieu thu nane luoue Ion va eia thanh rat cao. ^1 .-ONVK^'f" .•iDv.f.l!.>. 1 .1 I •' in; ha > • vv • . ^^:J ; ,..v I « i'•'••'—-x!) z-;^ Hinli 2. So- do nguven iv macii do tin ineii EC '(.i Mach do tin hieu ECG gep noi vai ma}' tinh de thu thap so lieu FCC.i \a \u' li co so do mach in (PCB) duoc chi ra trone hinli ducu da\- : // Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi ITnli 3: So' do mach do tin iiicu ECG d) Xi> li s6 tin hieu ECG diFa tren song con Mot trong cac giai phap doi mai cong nghe, nang cao chat lugng tin hieu FCG. thiet bi thu nho va gia thanh ha la : so hoa tin hieu ECG vd xir li tin hieu so ECG dira tren EPGADSP. Tin hieu ECG cung nhu cac tin hieu } sinh khac can phai giai quvct eac van de chu }eu sau: Loai on Khoi phue dang tin hieu ngu} en goc Nhan dang tin hieu (niu) Da CO nhieu giai phap khac nhau de giai quvel cac van de nay. I rong khuon kho cua de tai, chung toi chi dat van de xu li on cua tin hieu ECG. NhCrng nam gan da\', cung \'ai sir phai trien cua khoa hgc va cong nehe. cac ki thuat xir li tin Incu \ sinh (dien tam do. dien nao do ..) da ap dung cac kl thuat bien dai nhu: - Loai nhieu theo ngiro'ng sau khi thuc hien bien doi song con rai rac (DVV'l ) - Sir dung cac giai thuat cho Igc so nhu: 'fha}' doi bac thuat toan LMS. RLS ilico huoiie thav eloi kich thuoe buoc thich nehi. cr - •' KT thuat loai nhieu thong qua ngirong sau khi thuc bien DWT ngay nav da v a dang phat trien manh vi ki thuat na}" eo uu diem la do phire tap \'ira phai chap nhan duoe. kha nane loai on cao. \ ' c nguvcn tac. me)t tin hieu bat ki co the duge phan lieh ihco eac ham va cac ham phan giai thco bicu thuc: -^OUL: ^K^W 4 h = Z«,„." (*.„"<') "XX'^',..V^,.4') Trong do : a^ ^. la cac he so ham phan giai con J^,, la cac he so ham song eeni tai do phan giaiy. tp^ „ va y/^^^ la cac ham phan giai va ham song con tai do phan giai /. Phep phan tich tin hieu theo cac ham song con la phep phan tich tin hieu dong thai theo ca mien tho'i gian Ian mien tan so. Dieu nav cho phep chLing la dinh \ u tin hieu rat tot theo ca thai gian-lan so va do do vice loai nhieu va khoi phue tin hieu elugc thuc hien mot each kha de dang, chinh xac. Nhieu ciia tin hieu ECG duge thuc hien loai bo bang each: ^au Idu bien doi song eon ro'i rac (DWT) tin hieu FCG da duge so boa de co etuoe cac he so c/ chung ta thuc hien co/gian cae he so d ^^ dua theo ngirang da dirge xac dinh. (iia tri eua netrong £' duoc tinh loan khi xir li tin hieu ECG dua tren SNR \a M tri c:ic b:'tnL. con khi phan tich tin hieu ECG. Chimg toi da sir dung giai phap ngu'ong thich nehi theo time bane con. Khi do: i are rain ' a I ^'-2X/U^. min" E/ Z k.\ , .t- }\ J Tin hieu ECG da duge loai on thu duge bang each bien doi nguac ^one con rorac (IDWT) cae he so d , . So do khoi cua he thong duge mo ta duoi da}: Ph,iii tich 1^ fc II1U1 ' ^ Khoi piuh: (1 f->s i-Tmh 4 So do khoi he xir ii tin Ineii ECG De kiem tra giai thuat va he thong, chimg toi da sir dung ca so' dCr lieu tin hieu ECG hUT-BIEI tai dia chi mang http:/'vvww.phvsione-t.org. va ciie tin hieu chune toi thu nhan duoe. Cac tin hieu nav' dtrge iron \ai cac nhieu phan bo Gausian. khong uro'ng quan de xu li. so sanh kiem tra. e) Mo phong thiet ke tren FPGA toi su dune cone cu thiet ket IPG.A ia ron e khuon kho ciia de tai nav. chiine TM TM Xillinx S\'Stem Generator va MatLab phien ban R14. 2008. Cong ^u li-ng 13 Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi FPGA da su dung la Xillix'^^ ISE phien ban 8.0. System Generator tao eac khoi ham mo phong FPGA theo SIMULINK cua MatLab va \ i the viec thiet ke la kha tnuan Igi va tin cay. Ciic ma VHDL duge tao ra tu dgng khi su dung S\steni Generator de dich cae tep SIMULINK (.mdl). con Xillinx ISE to hgp de nap \ao kit X'irtecTI Pro XC2\'P30. Bang I cho thay cae yeu cau cong chi tiet. Long so cong duge dimg la hoii lOlJUk cong. Tan so nhip FPGA toi da la lOOMHz. Gia thanh cua kit FPGA nit thap (gia Virtecdl Pro == 300 USD ). Mot mach dirge thiet ke de loai on duge chi ra trone hinh 4. O- Haa -r "JAC ^' H L-^ i^uo* fiOM li r/," I iTmli 5 \Licii chi liet de loai on dun tren DWT Ban\i /. Yeu can cono EPGA cho thiet ke much loai on So Slice cho [,ogic 422 ] So Slice cho Flip-Flop ' 50^ ! So LIJTs du'O'c diing ; 225 So BRAMs 1 4 S6 lOBs 36 Trong so' do thiet ke. chiing toi sir dting teVi 3 bo nho dem. trong khi bo nh(V eteni dau ticn Uru trCr cae mau loi vao de thuc hien bien doi DWT eua khoi ihu' in- I) dCr lieu // loi vao thi bg nha dem thii hai chira cac du lieu ciia Idioi thir n duge xu li. Bg nho dem thir 3 chii'a khoi dir lieu thu n loi ra da duge khoi phue nha bien doi IDW F. kich thtroe cua bg nha dem thu nhat va thir ba co kich thuac N=1024 chtra so mau tin hicu FCd ciia mot khoi loi vao. Con bg nha dem thir hai co kich thuac (K8)xN = 921 b (voi do phan giai7^5) chira ca dir lieu truac va sau klii xu li. Nho cua bo dem thu hai ma phep xu li thuc hien dong thai, chong lap theo thai gian do do thai gian tre do xtr li duge giam xuong. Neu thai gian bien doi DWT cho 1024 mau vai tan so mau 200H/ la khcvang 5.1 giav thi he thone xir li trinli tu eo thai t'ian tre khoane (5.1 ^5,1) i-l ^ 1 1.2 eiav, l)av la thai gian tre dii Ian cho viee kiem tra tin hieu ECG cho benh nhan trong ihai gian thi^rc. Neu he xu li chong lap (song song) 4.1 giiiy thoi gian bien doi DW F va IDW I thi tho'i gian tre giam xuong con khoang - 2.6 giay. Khoang thai gian na}' du de dieh ehuyen chu ki nhip tin hieu ECG vao bg dem loi vao thir nhat ha} bg dem loi ra thir ba va cho phep chi thi tren man hinh tin hieu ECG. FPGA la he thong co kha nang tinh loan so hgc va giai tich thiip. nhirng mgi he thong IT'GA dua tren khoi xu li tin hieu so (DSP) se cho phep giai cac bai toan xtr li phue tap. Fie ihong DSP tuan tu sau klioang thoi gian 2.6 giay nhan dCr lieu tai bo dem thir 2 eua FPGA de xu li, sau 100 miligia} tra lai ket qua va nang cap dCr lieu tai bg dem thir hai nay va khoi dgng viec khoi phue tin hieu. 6.3. Muc tieu vii Noi dung nghien ciiu ciia De tai • iVIuc tieu nghien ci'ni ^ Nghien ciru tai lieu, thu thap. tim hieu bo sung them vc FPGA ^ Fao ra san pham mau cong nghe Xilinx su dicing FPGA • Noi dung nghien euu + Nghien ciru ngon ngu thiet ke VHDL. Lam chii ve phan mem thiet ke FPGA. Xay dung cac mach bien doi song con loai on 6.4. Dja diem, thoi gian vii phuong phap nghien ciiu • De tai duge thuc hien tai khoa Dien tir - Vien thong, truang Dai hoc Cone, nehe , DHQG Ha ngi trong hai nam 2006 • 2007 • Phu'omg phap nghien ciru : • Nghien eiru phan mem thiet ke.' ISL: Foundation 8.0 cua hang Xilinx: IS Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi • Nghien ciru ii'ng dung xu ly thong tin (dien tu . xu ly so ..) dua tren cong nghe FPGA Ky thuat sir dung: o Su dung cong nghe ASIC (Chung loai linh kien EPGA) de thuc hien chue nang xu ly. tao giao dien va dieu khien cho he thong. I 'lec diing linh kien ASIC vao trong thiet ke nay sH co cac uu diem: T- Bao mat thiet ke cao. •^ Dam bao tinh ke thii'a. o Kit FPGA Virtex 11 Pro XC2VP30 (Xillinx) v a DE2 (Altera) o Phan mem : Xillix ' ISE phien ban 8.0. va System Generator cua du an SIS 6.5. Ket qua nghien ciru (gom cac phan) San pham khoa hgc • San pham cong nghe mem sir dung cong nghe Xilinx • 01 bao cao dang tren tap chi Khoa bgc va Cong nghe Dai hoc Quoc gia. - San pham dao tao • 1 luan an dai hgc cac van de lien quan Hieu qua kinh te va kha nang ap dung thuc te : • Cho eac do dac \ a thu thap cae tin hieu } sinh. • Cho eac thiet hi dien tu ehuyen dung 6.6 Thao luan Ket qua thu duge trong khi thuc hien de tai da hoan thanh dirge ciic ngi dung co' ban da dat ra khi dang ki de tai. Dac biet da dua ra mot ket qua moi la irng dung thiei ke mach loai on dua tren song con tren kit FPGA. Day la ket qua Ian dau tien duge thu'c hien thanh cong tai Vietnam vii tren the giai. Bao cao duge innh bav tren tap chi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Dai hgc Quoc gia 2008 va se bao cao tai hoi nghi (^)uoe te vc Xu h' thone tin vii Sensor trone nam idi. 16 6.7 Ket luan va kien nghj Tiep tue tim kiem cac giai phap cong nghe irng dung xu li thong tm. xtr li so tin hieu tren cac chung loai FPGA va ASIC trone truven thone 6.8 Tai lieu tham khao [1] D. L. Donoho, "De-noising by soft-thresholding." IEEE Tratis. Inform. Thenrv. vol. 41, pp. 613-627, 1995. [2] Ju-won Lee, Gun-ki Lee. Design of an Adaptive filter with a D}namic Structure for ECG Signal processing. International /ourfwil of Control. Automation, and System. Vol 3. No l . p 137-142. March 2005. (31 Li Su and Guohang Zhao " De-Noising of ECG Signal Using TranslationInvariant Wavelet De-Noising Method with Improved Thresholding " Proceedings of the 2005 IEE2E Engineering in Medicine and Bi()log\- 2^th .-Ininuil ('onfercncc Shanghai^ China, September 1-4, 2005 [4] G. Song and R. Zhao '''Fhree novel models of threshold estimatiM- i'ov wavclcl coefficients " 2nd International Conference on IVavelet Anafvsr^ and It.s Api)tieati(m.\ Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 2001. pp. 145-150. | 5 | C. M. Stem, '' Estimation o[ the mean o{ a multivariate normal distribution '. Annals of Statistics 9. 1981, 1135-1151 [6| Uwe Meyer Baese, "Digital Signal Processing with FPGA" Springer VerlugBetdin, ISBN 3-540-41341-3, 2001 [7] Volnei A. Pedroni. "^ Circuit Design With \41DL " MEE Press Camhridf^e . Eneland. ISBN 0-262-16224-5. 2004 DAI HOC QUOC G'A ^ A NOI TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU ViEN D Mo^ Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi Dai bao Uuyc dan'j irony Tup du hluxt hoc vu Cong ni^h ihi no rat de bi can nhieu bai cac on khac, do vay triet on mot each hieu qua la van de quan trong trong viec phan lach tin hieu ECG. Tin hieu dien lam lam do (ECG) la mot Irong cac tin hieu y sinh da diroc nghien cii'u rong rai va img dung Imng cac phong kham. Mot dang souii ECG thone t h a a n e thiriTne la sir X6 hop cua ^ t ^ =r . .K soiiii F. ^-one^ QRS va soim I (Fiinh I). S a phan . ,^ , , , ^ . . , ^ . . ,, : tach chmh xac cac dang song nav la rat quan trong khi phan tich tin hieu ECG. Tuy nhien do tin hieu ECG la rat yeu va khong ro rang, dien ap - Loat nhieu theo ngaang sau khi thuc bien doi song con roi rac ([)\V1 ) _ ^^,, ^j^,,^^ ^^^ ,,.^, j , ^ ^ , ^ , ^j^^^ |,,^ ^^, ,,,^^,. +- u- ,i % . - ^ i s i^' ui ^ ,i i ^-|Q, ]Q.^^ thuat toan tAlS. KL.S tlieo h a o t u , - • , ' , , " . , - , . , do! kich tluroc biroc thich neiii, y^^ ^^^-^.^^ ^^,^^ ^Q ^^,,^ „,- ^, (^^,.^,.^, ^,^,^, t - .• r • j • n • /^^w• • r plian tach cac danu soni^ P. soim ORS \ a soivj. 1 . ..; , . . " , " ", • , - ", CO dien truoc day thu'O'ng sa dung cac ho loc ^. ..' ^y , . . -,.. - -,.' /r-z-AM • ,1 - k- . • t a a n e t a bant^ cao, bo loc banu thap va bo loc lorn tat: im iiieu ciien tam do (TCCi) co t/ie bi trou ^ . , & • r . . . I6n vol lal niueu loai On idii do va tim thap du lieu ^'^^^'^ •• ^^^'^ ^'^^^P '^^' ^"- ^^' '' "'" '^'^''^ ^''^ ''"^"'^ \l{u vai giai ihiidi diai tren iven doi song con c1a c1m/c •"'^''i' *^kroc de \ual btri Bernai-J VV \L\\O\\ \ a pilot irieu de loai on eac tin hieu ECG Nham de loai Samuel D. Stearns da daa Ihih vuc \ u \\ lin hieu bo iuen tuong PseudO'Gibbs vai cae dang song O. S y sinh sang hu'ang moi. Ban dau \\'idrov\ tap khi bien dot song con roi rac (DWT) va thiet ke mach trung vao viec loc cac nhieu 50M/ - 601 i/ tuong tren day cong idia lap trinh I FPGA) de loai on tin hieu u'ng vai tan s6 ngu6n dien lirai thanh pho va dat ECG. trong bat bao nay. mot kieu loai du kiidc dupe j-a cac tieu chi chinh cho .xa li lin hieu v sinh la: dua ro dua tren DWT theo mo iunh cua he thong ,^^ ^j^j|^,_ ,^^,^ j ^ , ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^,^^^ ^,.,,^, ^.^ 'j^,^ ^,^^.^,^ ihinh gic'ic Cac tluuu so DW'T duoc thay doi de loi iru Cac lieu chi nav' la ve^ cung quan trong cho cae hod gia tri ngirong va ket qua loai on duoc so scinii giua cac phep bien dot son-e, con Cac dfr iieii iiu hieu bac sT tron^ chuan doan lam san^i va cho cac he "EGG suduugde kiem tra ung dung DWT loai 6n duo. ^^^^^'^^ ^r dong chuan doan benh .au nay. Nhung lai lu CO .s" ilulieu \iiT-Blil '^^'"'"' ^'^^1 day. cung voi sa phat tnen cua khoa hoe va cong nghe, cac \C\ thuat \ a li tin hicu \ iinii I. GIO'I THIEU (dien tam do. dien nao do .,) da ap dung cae ki thuat hien dai nha: hien ; ;.^^,._ ,i ' ihia*- ' >Jh^n dang tm lucu mu de tach tin hicu FECG .. 1 — i mm — 1 n U ? £e: 1 5 rfrn 1 R C SmV 1 • * - * \ rt-.fii a 0* s t i . ^ I 1 Trn u 1 rnv c^-«'-;• [75 .Tri-Jf^c; nam 1999 |2| va dagc ap dung cho loai on cae uii hieu ECG 13. SI Tin hieu ECG chaa on ngau niaen khe^ng taong quan vd'i do dai hfru han ^o the ^!uoe bic.; dien s{i) P-S 1 p S- ^ 1—1~ " p-t I'llr - 1 iQ r --T- 5^0 JTWHt v,\ ^ i -^-r ' / If I 'k in(9P ^T1 1 y* ^ U x{[) + n{t) (1) trong do xft) la lin hieu ECG nguven goc khong CO nhieu. nft) la on trang Gassian co trung binh zero va plurong sai a^. ( \ = S-T 1 '' J V 1 j - r inlBful 1 1 ' i-iinli I Cac lliain so cinnii cua tin hieu dien in KI thuat loai nhieu thong qua ngaong sau khi thuc hien DWT nga\ na\ da va dang phat trien manli vi kl thuat na\ co iru diem la do phac tap vira phai chap nhan duoc. kha nang triel on cao. Tu> nhien \iec lua chon giai thuat cho viec loai nhieu tin hieu ECG va chon cong nghe irng dung cho he thong phan cii'ng sir dung song con do rat da dang. Flon nua phuong phap loai bo on thong qua ngirong sau khi thuc hien bien doi song con kinh dien ga\ i-a hien tirgng Pseudo-Gibbs tai dang song Q va S cua tin hieu ECG do DWT. Nham de giam hien tao'ng Pseudo-Gibbs tai dang song (,) \a S. thi vice lua chon giai thuat ngaang thich nghi theo tirng bang con dagc dat ra trong bai bao nay. Cac ket qua thuc nghiem da chi ra rang, phirong phap \6'i giai thuat trong bai bao nay tot han phaong phap kinh dicn tren dav ma van giu" duoc cac dac tinh hinh hgc cua tin hieu ECG va t> so tin hieu tren on (SNR) dirge ap dung tren cac he thong diia tren FPGA ket hgp DSP. Cac he so song con tai cac dp phan giai khac nhau CO the nhan dux^c bang each lay DWT cua tin hieu ECG c6 on. Tin hieu ECG diri^c bien doi sonu con roi rac {'DWT) tro thanh: sit) Yd (n 1 y Yd (/) i ) vai d^ ^^ ia cac he so ^ong con tai do phan giai /. 0^ „ va (//,,, la cac ham phan giai \a ham song con tai do phan giai /. Phiro'ng phap ngirfyng loai on sau kin bien doi song con roi rac (DW'l^) la plian chia cac he so song con vai mot ngaang dirge chgn on dinh. Thong thubng, cac he so song con na> eb bien Co nho hon ngirang on duge dat lai bang zero va cac he so song con khac co he so Ion ho'n nguon^i on se duge giCr nguven (ggi la ngirong cung) hoac Li CO lai chiit it (ngirong mem). Tin hieu FX'G ioai bo on CO the dagc khoi phue tir cac he so s('>ng con nho bien doi IDW'T nha chi ra uom: hinh. 2. Ph.tn ti.;li M.JII.MI.J y\\"\ i-i.M. H'lnii 2 Ix)a! bo on dira ircn /ven doi u'ur^ coi II. LOG NHIEL SL DUNG DWT Bien doi song con da dagc irng dung rat rong rai trong viec xir li lin hieu va hinh anh. Hien na\ CO hai phiro'ng phap chinh loai on nha phep bien 66] song con cho cac tin hieu ECG: a) phirang phap toi da modul bien dbi song con. Tai phiriTng phap iia>, CO the loai bo on \a liru lai thong tin cua tm hicu goc tai cung thai dieiTi, nhirng so lugng lin toan Ion va khong on dinli 111. b) phirong phap song con ngirang loai on sau khi bien doi sons con dirac de xuat bai Donoho vao Phiro'ng phap loai on cac tin hieu FCCJ tlira tren bien de^i seing con don gian '.a de ^king su dung. The nhang phao'ng phap na\ sir dunLi ngirang cirng co the dan den sir giao dgiig eua cac tin hieu khi khoi phue. con ngirang n"iem co the lam MIV giam tin hieu FT'CJ ( LKW biei su\ giam bien do song R). Heyn nira nguai ta tin rang, phirong thuc song con Igai bo on kinh dien dira tren DW 1 ceS the dan toi hien lugng PSCULIOGibbs tai cac song Q va R khi khoi pin.ic tin hicu ECG |4|. Ket-noi.com Ket-noi.com kho kho tai tai lieu lieu mien mien phi phi Phuang phap n g a a n g cung loai on d a g c su dung \5\ sao cho M ,n ~ ^ , •I ^d . kiii\d I 0 > £ (3) trong mot 0 d khi \j . +€ kin (I ,.i C khoi bien doi DWT, a~ la Viec lira chgn ngirong ^: thieii nghi du:i i ."^) phai CO gia tri cao ho'n gia tri .v - cr ^,'2 log A phuong sai doi vdi on trang phan bo Gauss. De dan gian [6| xac dinh a = {medial^d^ ^\))/0.6145. sao cho s(t) phai gan vai sai lech giira s(t) Phiro'ng phap ngirong mem loai bo on dagc sa dung | S | : voi s[t). A'(/). lien quan voi do cong suat on ^ua lin hieu. Do sai lech nay phai co loi binh phiro'ng trunu binh nho. diroc xac dinh : £,) d I roiiu do cl '* - khi\d^,\ khi\ d > £\ (4) \ <£ R{s.'s)=T±E{s. lim d. ^ dirge coi la cac he so song con khi bien doi D W T cua tin hieu xO) ECG goc khong co nhieu. Con dagc dat truac tai l\ do phan t' la ngaong giai / sao (6} .-I Do phep bien doi song con la trirc giao do do bieu thuc (6) co the duge bieu dien dueVi dang cae he so song con theo phien ban song con: cho £^ = a 7 2 I o g ; V / ( l o g / -i- 1), y9 > 1 . Ta co the P(s^s) X (7) Y.Y[d tha> rang. tu\ theo gia tri cua /J duoc lua chgn ma piurong phap ngaong mem co the dagc coi nhu la phuo'ng phap nguong cirng. De Chung ta sir dung nguven Iv Stein 1"! trong bai d^ ^^ ^ d, „ thi do leVn cua d ^, cang Ian dong vai tri toi thieii cua bieu thirc (8) iro qu\et dinh va nhu va> no phan nao cung phu thugc vao viec lira chgn loai song con duge sir dung cho ham song con (// .,. T'rong do bao nay de tinh gia tri ngirang t:, thoa man gia \ Id '.<£ \ 1 khi \ d 0 Tin hieu ,s'(/) duoc a^ ,^ nho bien doi ( I D W F ) v a i h v vgng (9) h Idiild khoi phue tir ^/,^, va ngugc song con reVi rac s{t)—>x[t). CO nX/1// < t' chinh la so eac he so con bi loai bo. ITmh 2 cho ta cau true bg Ige on thich nehi theo taim banii eon dua tren [)\\ I Do on va cac anh huong khac ma cac he so song con (:/,„bi anh h a a n g khac nhau tuy theo loai song con va tai do phan giaiy cua no. Trong bai hao nav. chung ta do\ bieu ihire (4i ngu'ong mem ihanh bieu thirc ngirong mem thich nghi cac banu con; J-u.-l. i-.zht - -> I , - r - > 4->i y -)—>^ .-^Ic'C^^,,-> ////;/; J ' 'cm iru^ hn /ou.' w are mm a SOIIL^ N-2j:i\j, k =\ < £ X mm (8) ' • ' , . ^ •