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Trang chủ Giáo dục - Đào tạo Cao đẳng - Đại học Sư phạm Khai thác và sử dụng hệ thống bài tập trong dạy học số phức cho học sinh lớp 12 ...

Tài liệu Khai thác và sử dụng hệ thống bài tập trong dạy học số phức cho học sinh lớp 12 nhằm rèn luyện một số thao tác tư duy

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ĈӕLWѭӧng YjSKҥPYLQJKLrQFӭu ĈӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭu -.KiFKWKӇ QJKLrQFӭu: 4XiWUuQKGҥy hӑc chӫ ÿӅ Sӕ phӭc cho hӑc sinh lӟp 12. - Nhӳng biӋQSKiSWKӵc hiӋQiSGөng trong hӑc tұSYjJLҧng dҥy phҫn 5 Sӕ phӭc ӣ 7RiQlӟp WURQJWUѭӡng THPT. 6 4.2 PhҥPYLQJKLrQFӭu VӅ mһWOtOXұQFK~QJW{LFKӫ yӃu tұSWUXQJYjRQJKLrQFӭu viӋc khai WKiFYjVӱ dөng hӋ thӕQJEjLWұp sӕ phӭc nhҵPUqQOX\Ӌn cho hӑc sinh lӟp 12 nhӳQJWKDRWiFWѭGX\QKѭSKkQWtFKWәng hӧSNKiLTXiWKyDWѭѫQJWӵ KyD Yjÿһc biӋWKyD VӅ khҧRViWWKӵc trҥQJFK~QJW{LFKӍ QJKLrQFӭXFKѭѫQJWUuQKWUrQÿӏa EjQ+X\ӋQ7DP1{QJYjPӝt sӕ WUѭӡQJ7+37OkQFұn cӫa tӍQK3K~7Kӑ. 5. 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