75ѬӠ1*ĈҤI HӐ&+Ô1*9ѬѪ1*
.+2$1Ð1*- /Æ0± 1*Ѭ
%Ô,7+ӎ 7+Ô<75$1*
Ҧ1++ѬӢNG CӪ$9$&&,1(1+ѬӦ&ĈӜ&7$0*,ÈĈӂN
HIӊU QUҦ 3+Ñ1*%ӊNH CҪ875Ô1*75Ç1*¬7+ӎT
TҤ,3+Ô1,1+± 3+ÒTHӐ
.+Ï$/8ҰN TӔT NGHIӊ3ĈҤI HӐC
1JjQK: 7K~Y
3K~7Kӑ, 2020
75ѬӠ1*ĈҤI HӐ&+Ô1*9ѬѪ1*
.+2$1Ð1*- /Æ0- 1*Ѭ
-----------------------
%Ô,7+ӎ 7+Ô<75$1*
Ҧ1++ѬӢNG CӪ$9$&&,1(1+ѬӦ&ĈӜ&7$0*,È
ĈӂN HIӊU QUҦ 3+Ñ1*%ӊNH CҪ875Ô1*75Ç1
*¬7+ӎT TҤ,3+Ô1,1+± 3+Ò7+Ӑ
.+Ï$/8ҰN TӔT NGHIӊ3ĈҤI HӐC
1JjQK 7K~<
1*ѬӠ,+ѬӞNG DҮN: THS. ĈӚ THӎ 3+ѬѪ1*7+ҦO
3K~7Kӑ, 2020
i
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cam kӃWQJKLrQFӭXQj\OjGRW{LWKӵc hiӋQÿҧm bҧo trung thӵFNK{QJYLSKҥm
\rXFҫu vӅ ÿҥRÿӭc trong hӑc thuұt.
7iFJL̫
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/Ӡ,&Ҧ0Ѫ1
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E̫QWKkQHPOX{QQK̵Qÿ˱ͫFVJL~SÿͩTXêEiXVFK͑E̫RW̵QWuQKFͯDFiFFi
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iii
MӨC LӨC
LӠI CAM KӂT ...................................................................................................... i
LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1 ....................................................................................................... ii
DANH MӨC BҦNG ............................................................................................ vi
DANH MӨC BIӆ8ĈӖ 9¬+Î1+ҦNH .......................................................... vii
DANH MӨC CHӲ VIӂT TҲT....................................................................... viii
&+ѬѪ1*0Ӣ ĈҪU ........................................................................................ 1
7tQKFҩp thiӃt cӫDÿӅ WjL .................................................................................... 1
2. Mөc WLrXFӫDÿӅ WjL ............................................................................................ 2
éQJKƭDNKRDKӑFYjêQJKƭDWKӵc tiӉn cӫDÿӅ WjL ............................................. 2
&+ѬѪ1*7ӘNG QUAN VҨ1Ĉӄ 1*+,Ç1&ӬU....................................... 3
&ѫVӣ khoa hӑc cӫDÿӅ WjL .............................................................................. 3
2.1.1. Lӏch sӱ bӋnh ................................................................................................ 3
&ăQEӋnh ...................................................................................................... 4
4XiWUuQKSKiWVLQKFҫXWUQJ ...................................................................... 7
9zQJÿӡi cӫa cҫXWUQJJk\EӋQKFKRJj .................................................... 9
2.1.5. Dӏch tӉ hӑc bӋnh cҫXWUQJJj ................................................................... 11
2.1.6. BӋQKOêOkPVjQJ ....................................................................................... 12
2.1.7. 3KѭѫQJSKiSFKҭQÿRiQEӋnh cҫXWUQJJj .............................................. 18
3KzQJWUӏ bӋnh cҫXWUQJJj ...................................................................... 18
ĈһFÿLӇm cӫa thuӕFÿLӅu trӏ cҫXWUQJWUrQJjWKӏt ....................................... 21
2.2.1 Mӝt sӕ loҥi thuӕFÿLӅu trӏ cҫXWUQJWUrQJjWKӏt hiӋn nay .......................... 21
2.2.2. Sӱ dөng thuӕFÿLӅu trӏ cҫXWUQJÿӇ SKzQJFҫXWUQJ ............................... 23
2.2.3. YӃu tӕ ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃn hiӋu quҧ sӱ dөng thuӕFÿLӅu trӏ cҫXWUQJÿӇ SKzQJ
bӋnh ..................................................................................................................... 23
9DFFLQHQKѭӧFÿӝFSKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJWDPJLiӣ Jj .............................. 23
2.3.1. Giӟi thiӋu chung vӅ vaccine ...................................................................... 23
9DFFLQHQKѭӧFÿӝFSKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJWDPJLiӣ Jj ........................... 25
*jWKӏW0LQK'ѭ ........................................................................................... 26
iv
'zQJJj0'%Ĉ ..................................................................................... 26
'zQJJj0'%Ĉ ..................................................................................... 27
'zQJJj0'%Ĉ ..................................................................................... 27
7uQKKuQKQJKLrQFӭXWURQJYjQJRjLQѭӟc .................................................. 28
7uQKKuQKQJKLrQFӭXWURQJQѭӟc .............................................................. 28
7uQKKuQKQJKLrQFӭXWUrQWKӃ giӟi ............................................................ 32
&+ѬѪ1*ĈӔ,7ѬӦNG, NӜ,'81*3+ѬѪ1*3+È31*+,Ç1&ӬU .. 34
ĈӕLWѭӧQJYjSKҥPYLQJKLrQFӭu ................................................................ 34
ĈӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭu................................................................................ 34
3.1.2. PhҥPYLQJKLrQFӭu .................................................................................. 34
3.2. NӝLGXQJQJKLrQFӭu .................................................................................... 34
3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭXYjFKӍ WLrXWKHRG}L .............................................. 34
ĈLӅu tra lӏch sӱ cӫa tӍ lӋ mҳFYjELӋQSKiSSKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJJjWKӏt tҥi
mӝt sӕ trҥi ӣ 3K1LQKJLDLÿRҥn 2016-2019 ...................................................... 34
3.3.2. HiӋu quҧ SKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJJjWKӏt bҵQJYDFFLQH6FRFYDFWDPJLi . 35
3KѭѫQJSKiS[ӱ OêVӕ liӋu............................................................................ 40
&+ѬѪ1*.ӂT QUҦ 1*+,Ç1&ӬU ........................................................... 41
4.1. ĈLӅu tra lӏch sӱ cӫa tӍ lӋ mҳFYjELӋQSKiSSKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJJjWKӏt tҥi
mӝt sӕ trҥi ӣ 3K1LQKJLDLÿRҥn 2016-2019 ...................................................... 41
4.1.1. Lӏch sӱ mҳc bӋnh cҫXWUQJJjWKӏt tӯ ÿӃn 2019 .............................. 41
4.1.2. Lӏch sӱ JjWKӏt chӃWYuEӋnh cҫXWUQJWӯ ÿӃn 2019 .......................... 42
4.1.3. Lӏch sӱ FiFELӋQSKiSSKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJJjWKӏt tӯ ÿӃn 2019 ... 43
4.2. HiӋu quҧ SKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJJjWKӏt bҵQJYDFFLQH6FRFYDFWDPJLi .... 44
4.2.1. Tӹ lӋ JjWKӏt nhiӉPQRmQQDQJFҫXWUQJWKHRWKӡLJLDQSKzQJEӋnh........ 44
&ѭӡQJÿӝ nhiӉPQRmQQDQJFҫXWUQJWKHRWKӡi gian ............................... 47
4.2.3. BiӇu hiӋn triӋu chӭQJOkPVjQJFӫDJjQKLӉPQRmQQDQJFҫXWUQJVDXNKL
SKzQJEӋnh .......................................................................................................... 49
4.2.4. HiӋu quҧ ÿLӅu trӏ bӋnh cҫXWUQJJjWKӏt .................................................... 50
4.2.5. Tӹ lӋ biӇu hiӋn cӫDFiFEӋQKWtFKÿLӇQKuQKӣ JjFKӃt do cҫXWUQJ ......... 52
v
&KLSKtWKXӕFSKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJ ......................................................... 53
&+ѬѪ1*.ӂT LUҰ19¬Ĉӄ NGHӎ .......................................................... 55
5.1. KӃt luұn ........................................................................................................ 55
5.2. KiӃn nghӏ ...................................................................................................... 55
7¬,/,ӊU THAM KHҦO ................................................................................... 56
vi
'$1+0Ө&%Ҧ1*
BҧQJĈһFÿLӇPKuQKWKiLNtFKWKѭӟFFiFORjLFҫXWUQJJj .......................... 5
Bҧng 2.2 Nhu cҫXQѭӟc uӕng cӫDFiFORҥLJjӣ lӭa tuәLNKiFQKDX ................... 28
Bҧng 3.1. Bӕ WUtWKtQJKLӋm ................................................................................. 35
Bҧng 4.1. Tӹ lӋ JjWKӏt mҳc bӋnh cҫXWUQJWӯ ÿӃn 2019 ӣ mӝt sӕ trҥi ...... 41
Bҧng 4.2. Tӹ lӋ JjFKӃWYuEӋnh cҫXWUQJWӯ ÿӃn 2019 ӣ mӝt sӕ trҥi ........ 42
BҧQJ7uQKKuQKWKӵc hiӋQFiFSKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJWUrQJjWKӏt ӣ mӝt sӕ trҥi
tҥL3K1LQKWӯ ÿӃn 2019............................................................................ 44
Bҧng 4.4. Tӹ lӋ JjWKӏt mҳFQRmQQDQJFҫXWUQJWKHRWKӡLJLDQSKzQJEӋnh .... 45
Bҧng 4.5. Tӹ lӋ JjPҳc cҫXWUQJӣ FiFFѭӡQJÿӝ nhiӉPNKiFQKDXVDXNKLWKӵc
hiӋQSKzQJEӋnh (%) ........................................................................................... 47
Bҧng 4.6. Tӹ lӋ JjFyELӇu hiӋn triӋu chӭQJOkPVjQJ ........................................ 49
bӋnh cҫXWUQJÿLӇQKuQK .............................................................................. 49
Bҧng 4.7. HiӋu quҧ ÿLӅu trӏ cҫXWUQJӣ JjWKӏt ................................................... 51
Bҧng 4.8. Sӵ biӇu hiӋn bӋQKWtFKEӋnh cҫXWUQJÿһFWUѭQJӣ JjFKӃt................ 52
BҧQJ &KLSKtWKXӕFFKRSKzQJYjÿLӅu trӏ bӋnh cҫXWUQJWUrQJjWKӏt ........ 53
vii
'$1+0Ө&%,ӆ8ĈӖ9¬+Î1+Ҧ1+
BiӇXÿӗ 4.1. Tӹ lӋ mҳc bӋQKYjFKӃt ӣ JjWKӏt tҥi mӝt sӕ trҥi ӣ 3K1LQK .......... 43
BiӇXÿӗ 4.2. Tӹ lӋ JjWKӏt mҳFQRmQQDQJFҫXWUQJWKHRWKӡLJLDQSKzQJEӋnh 46
BiӇXÿӗ 6RViQKWӹ lӋ JjPҳc cҫXWUQJӣ FiFPӭFÿӝ NKiFQKDXVDXNKLWKӵc
hiӋQSKzQJEӋnh .................................................................................................. 48
BiӇXÿӗ 4.4 Tӹ lӋ JjELӇu hiӋn triӋu chӭQJOkPVjQJ cӫa bӋnh cҫXWUQJ ......... 50
VDXNKLSKzQJEӋnh.............................................................................................. 50
+uQK9zQJÿӡi cӫa cҫXWUQJJj(LPHULDVSS ................................................ 9
viii
DANH MӨC CHӲ VIӂT TҲT
cs.
Cӝng sӵ
E.acervulina
Eimeria acervulina
E.coli
Escherichia coli
E.maxima
Eimeria maxima
E.mitis
Eimeria mitis
E.necastrix
Eimeria necastrix
E.praeccox
Eimeria praecox
E.tenella
Emeria tenella
kgP
Kg thӇ trӑng
0'%Ĉ
0LQK'ѭ%uQKĈӏnh
0'%Ĉ
0LQK'ѭ%uQKĈӏnh
0'%Ĉ
0LQK'ѭ%uQKĈӏnh
Nxb
1Kj[Xҩt bҧn
spp
Species
TN
7KtQJKLӋm
TCLS
TriӋu chӭQJOkPVjQJ
tr.
Trang
1
&+ѬѪ1*. 0ӢĈҪ8
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&KăQQX{LJLDFҫPOjPӝWQJKӅWUX\ӅQWKӕQJOkXÿӡLFӫDQJѭӡLGkQ9LӋW
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QX{LYjF{QJWiFWK~\PjFKăQQX{LJLDFҫPQJj\FjQJSKiWWULӇQ TәQJÿjQJLD
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QăP VҧQOѭӧQJWKӏWJLDFҫPKѫL[XҩWFKXӗQJ QăP2019 ÿҥWQJKuQ
WҩQWăQJVRYӟLQăP VҧQOѭӧQJWUӭQJJLDFҫPFҧQăPÿҥWWӹ
TXҧWăQJ 7әQJFөFWKӕQJNr >@ %rQFҥnh nhӳng thuұn lӧi vӅ thӏ
WUѭӡQJSKiWWULӇQÿjQ OjQKӳQJNKyNKăQWKiFKWKӭc tӯ dӏch bӋnh mang lҥLÿһc
biӋWOj FiFEӋQKWUX\ӅQQKLӉPEӋQKNêVLQKWUQJ.
%ӋQKFҫXWUQJJj Avian Coccidiosis) OjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJEӋQKSKәELӃQ
WURQJFKăQQX{LJLDFҫPWҥL9LӋW1DP%ӋQKJk\UDGRPӝWGҥQJÿѫQEjR Eimeria
VSS VӕQJNêVLQKWURQJKӋWKӕQJWӃEjRELӇXP{UXӝWOjPWәQWKѭѫQJP{ҧQK
KѭӣQJÿӃQYLӋFăQWLrXKRiKRһFKҩSWKXFKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJPҩWQѭӟFPҩWPiXYj
WăQJWtQKPүQFҧPYӟLQKӳQJWiFQKkQJk\EӋQKNKiF+ұXTXҧGүQÿӃQJjEӏFzL
FӑFFKұPOӟQҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQVӵVLQKWUѭӣQJYjVӭFVҧQ[XҩWFӫDJjOjPWKLӋWKҥL
OӟQYӅNLQKWӃFKRQJѭӡLFKăQQX{LĈһFÿLӇPTXDQWUӑQJFӫDFҫXWUQJOjYzQJ
ÿӡLQJҳQ -QJj\ YjNK{QJFҫQNêFKӫWUXQJJLDQ%ӋQK[ҧ\UDӣPӑLOӭDWXәL
Jk\FKӃWFDRӣJjFRQ 1JX\ӉQ7Kӏ.LP/DQYjFV >8]).
7ҥL9LӋW1DPWӹOӋQKLӉPFҫXWUQJJjGDRÿӝQJWӯ-YjWӹOӋFKӃWWӯ
5- 1JX\ӉQ+ӳX+ѭQJ 010) [6]; /ѭѫQJ7ҩQ3KiWYj%L7UҫQ$QKĈjR
(2011) [18] 4XDÿyWKҩ\ÿѭӧFPӭFÿӝQJKLrPWUӑQJFӫDEӋQKFҫXWUQJJk\UD
ÿӕLYӟLFKăQQX{LJjQyNK{QJFKӍҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQVӕOѭӧQJÿҫXFRQPjFzQOjP
WLrXWӕQWKӭFăQJjFKұPOӟQJLҧPJLiWUӏNLQKWӃFӫDFRQJj
7UѭӟFÿk\YLӋFSKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJFKӫ yӃu sӱ dөng thuӕFFyKRҥt chҩt
NKiQJ NKXҭn QKѭ sulfadimidine (sulfamethoxin, trimethoprim, diclazuril) Yj
Toltrazuril ÿk\ Oj ORҥi thuӕc thuӝF QKyP Foccidiocidal (chӕng lҥi coccidia).
2
Thuӕc ÿѭӧc phӕi hӧSFQJYӟLFiFWKXӕFNKiQJVLQKNKiF trӝn trong thӭFăQQѭӟc
uӕng ÿӇ JL~SWăQJNKҧ QăQJÿLӅu trӏ YjSKzQJFiFEӋnh kӃ SKiW do sulfamid WiF
dөQJOrQschizonts ӣ thӃ hӋ thӭ 2, FzQtoltrazuril FyWiFÿӝQJOrQPӑLJLDLÿRҥn
SKiWWULӇn cӫa cҫXWUQJNKLӣ ErQWURQJQLrPPҥc ruӝWJj 0HKOKRUQYjFV
[33], kKLJjEӏ cҫu WUQJKҫu hӃt vүn sӱ dөng thuӕFQj\ÿӇ ÿLӅu trӏ vӟi liӅXOѭӧng
FDRKѫQ&KtQKYLӋc lҥm dөng bӯDEmLYjNK{QJÿӏnh liӅu cө thӇ Qj\ÿmOjPWăQJ
khҧ QăQJNKiQJWKXӕc, dүn tӟi hiӋu quҧ ÿLӅu trӏ thҩSÿӗng thӡLOjPSKiWWULӇQFiF
chӫng cҫXWUQJQJj\FjQJÿDGҥQJKѫQ %L.KiQK/LQKYjFV [12].
Vaccine cҫX WUQJ Oj KѭӟQJ ÿL Pӟi, giҧLSKiS WKD\ WKӃ FiF WKXӕc SKzQJ
bӋnh, hiӋn nay bҳWÿҫXÿѭӧc sӱ dөng thӱ nghiӋm iSGөng cho cҧ JjWKӏWYjJj
trӭng. XuҩWSKiWWӯ thӵc trҥQJWUrQHP[LQÿӅ xuҩt thӵc hiӋQÿӅ WjL ³ҦQKKѭӣng
cӫDYDFFLQHQKѭӧFÿӝFWDPJLiÿӃn hiӋu quҧ SKzQJEӋnh cҫXWUQJWUrQJj
thӏt tҥL3K1LQK- 3K~7Kӑ´
2. MөFWLrXFӫDÿӅ WjL
- ;iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFWӹOӋPҳFEӋQKFҫXWUQJWUrQJjWKӏWVDXNKLVӱGөQJ
YDFFLQHQKѭӧFÿӝFWDPJLiÿӇSKzQJEӋQK
- So ViQKÿѭӧFWӹOӋPҳFEӋQKFҫXWUQJWUrQJjWKӏWNKLSKzQJEӋQK
EҵQJYDFFLQHYjEҵQJWKXӕFÿLӅXWUӏFҫXWUQJ
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SKzQJEӋQKFҫXWUQJWUrQJjWKӏW
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ĈӅWjLJySSKҫQÿiQKJLiWӹOӋPҳFEӋQKFҫXWUQJFӫDJjVDXNKLVӱGөQJ
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QJѭӡLFKăQQX{LWҥL3K1LQKELӃWÿӃQYDFFLQHSKzQJEӋQKFҫXWUQJFKRJjWKӏW
3
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2.1. &ѫVӣ khoa hӑc cӫDÿӅ WjL
2.1.1. L͓ch s͵ b͏nh
%ӋQKFҫXWUQJ[ҧ\UDӣFҧ JLDV~FJLDFҫPYjQJѭӡL7URQJOƭQKYӵF WK~
\EӋQKÿѭӧFSKiWKLӋQFiFKÿk\KѫQQăPEDQÿҫXFiFQKjNKRDKӑFGӵDWUrQ
KӑFăQQJX\rQ Coccidia ÿӇÿһWWrQFKREӋQKOjCoccidiosis.
1ăP5LYROWDSKiWKLӋQUDPӝWORҥLNêVLQKWUQJFyWURQJSKkQFӫD
QKӳQJFRQJjWKҧLSKkQOүQPiX0ӝWQăPVDXEimeria [iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFORҥLNê
VLQKWUQJÿyFKtQKOjORjLQJX\rQVLQKÿӝQJYұW Protoza VLQKVҧQWKHREjRWӱ
WKXӝFOӟS SporozoaEӝ CoccidiaKӑ EimeriaĈӃQQăPNӃWTXҧQJKLrQFӭX
FӫD(LPHULD ÿѭӧFF{QJQKұQYjWrQFӫD{QJÿѭӧFÿһWFKRWrQFӫDORjL Protoza Pj
{QJÿmSKiWKLӋQUD1KѭYұ\WrQJӑL Coccidiosis YүQPDQJWtQKFKҩWFKXQJFKXQJ
do Coccidia FyKDL JLӕQJJk\EӋQKFKӫ\ӃXÿyOj Eimeria Yj Isospora. *LӕQJJk\
EӋQKWUrQJjOj Eimeria, GRÿyWrQJӑLFKtQKWKӭFWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFGQJÿӕLYӟLEӋQK
FҫXWUQJJjOj Emiriois.
9jRQăP /HYLQHSKkQORҥLFҫXWUQJNêVLQKWUrQJjQKѭVDX 1JjQK
ProtozoaSKkQQJjQKApicomplexaOӟSSporozoasidaSKkQOӟSCoccidiasinaEӝ
EucoccidioridaSKkQEӝEimeriorinaKӑEimeriideaJLӕQJEimeria Schneider.
Ӣ 9LӋW1DPFiFQKjNKRDKӑFEҳWÿҫXQJKLrQFӭXYӅEӋQKFҫXWUQJWӯQKӳQJ
QăPFӫDWKӃNӹWKӡLÿLӇPÿyFKăQQX{LJjWKHRKѭӟQJWKkPFDQKF{QJQJKLӋS
SKiWWULӇQ&KRÿӃQQD\FiFQKjNKRDKӑF9LӋW1DPÿmSKiWKLӋQKҫXKӃWFiFORҥL
FҫXWUQJJk\EӋQKӣJjQKѭFiFWiFJLҧQѭӟFQJRjLÿmP{Wҧ
&ҫXWUQJOjPӝWEӋQKNêVLQKWUQJFyWKӇJk\UDWKLӋWKҥLQJKLrP WUӑQJ
WURQJWKӏWJLDFҫPYjVҧQ[XҩWWUӭQJ&iFNêVLQKWUQJVLQKV{LWURQJUXӝWYjJk\WәQ
WKѭѫQJP{OѭӧQJWKӭFăQJLҧPNpPKҩSWKXFiFFKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJWӯWKӭFăQPҩW
QѭӟFYjPҩWPiX&KLPFNJQJFyQKLӅXNKҧQăQJEӏEӋQKGRQKLӉPNKXҭQWKӭSKiW
.KLNtFKWKѭӟFFӫDÿjQWăQJVӕCoccidia FNJQJSKiWWULӇQYjFyWKӇÿһWUDPӝWPӕLÿH
GӑDFKRÿjQYӅQJX\FѫEQJQәGӏFK EӋQK
ĈӃQQD\EӋQKFҫXWUQJWUrQJjÿѭӧFSKiWKLӋQӣNKҳSQѫLWUrQWKӃJLӟLӣ
ÿkXFyJjOjӣÿyFyEӋQKFҫXWUQJĈk\FNJQJOjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJPӕLTXDQWkP
WUăQWUӣFӫDFiFQKjQJKLrQFӭXYjJLӟLFKăQQX{L
4
&ăQE͏nh
&ҫXWUQJJj NêVLQKӣ PDQKWUjQJ Yj ruӝt nonOjPUӕL ORҥQWLrXKyDJk\WәQ
WKѭѫQJFiF tӃ EjRWKѭӧQJEuNK{QJKҩSWKXÿѭӧFGLQKGѭӥQJҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQTXi
WUuQKWUDRÿәLFKҩWJLҧPKLӋXTXҧFKX\ӇQKyDWKӭFăQJLҧPWăQJWUӑQJJjFzLFӑF
FKұPOӟQVX\ \ӃXFyWKӇFKӃW*jPҳFEӋQKVӭFÿӅNKiQJJLҧPOj\ӃXWӕPӣ
ÿѭӡQJFKRFiFEӋQKNKiFEQJSKiW%ӋQKUҩWSKәELӃQWUrQÿjQJjQX{LF{QJ
QJKLӋSEiQF{QJQJKLӋSYjNӇFҧJjFKăQWKҧ
0һFGGRNêVLQKWUQJQKѭQJEӋQKOҥLOk\ODQUҩWQKDQKYjFKӫ\ӃXTXD
ÿѭӡQJPLӋQJ&y ORjLFҫXWUQJPӛLORjLNêVLQKYjJk\EӋQKӣPӝWÿRҥQUXӝW
WURQJÿyFyORjLJk\EӋQKSKәELӃQÿyOj Eimeria tenella NtVLQKӣPDQKWUjQJ),
Eimeria necatrix NêVLQKӣ ruӝt non), Eimeria acervulina NêVLQKӣWiWUjQJ Eimeria
maxima NêVLQKӣUXӝWQRQ Eimeria bruneti NêVLQKӣUXӝW VӕFzQOҥLJӗP Eimeria
mitis, Eimeria mivati, Eimeria hagani, Eimeria praecox tWJk\EӋQK.
ĈһFÿLӇPKuQKWKiLNtFKWKѭӟFFiFORjLFҫXWUQJJj 7UҧLTXDTXiWUuQKQJKLrQ
FӭXFiFQKjNKRDKӑFÿmFKӍUDWiFQKkQJk\EӋQKFҫXWUQJJLDFҫPYӟLQKӳQJ
ÿһFÿLӇPVLQKKӑFFӫDFK~QJÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\WyPWҳWWURQJEҧQJ sau:
Eimeria tenella
Ĉk\OjORjLSKәELӃQUӝQJUmLQKҩWQRmQQDQJKuQKWUӭQJEDREӑFEӣLKDL
OӟSYӓPjX[DQKQKҥWӣPӝWÿҫXQRmQQDQJFyKҥWFӵF7ӹOӋGjLUӝQJFӫDQRmQ
QDQJOjP7KӡLJLDQKuQKWKjQKEjRWӱFRQWӯ18-JLӡ.KLQKLӋWÿӝWKҩS
WKӡLJLDQKuQKWKjQKEjRWӱNpRGjLKѫQFzQNKLQKLӋWÿӝWăQJWUrQ 0&WKuVӵKuQK
WKjQKEjRWӱGӯQJOҥLFiFQDQJWUӭQJFKӃW4XDVLQKVҧQEjRWӱFiFQDQJWUӭQJ
SKiWWULӇQWKjQKEjRWӱNtFKWKѭӟF[PPӛLEjRWӱFyWKӇEjRWӱ
&ҫXWUQJEimeria tenella SKiWWULӇQWURQJPDQKWUjQJQKѭQJFNJQJFyWKӇӣFiF
SKҫQUXӝWNKiFWKӡLNǤFҫXWUQJSKiWWULӇQWURQJFѫWKӇJjOjQJj\WXәLFҫXWUQJ
WKҧLQDQJWUӭQJYjRQJj\WKӭÿӃQQJj\WKӭVDXNKLQKLӉPYjRFѫWKӇ6ӕOѭӧQJ
QDQJWUӭQJWKҧLUDWӕLÿDWURQJ-QJj\ÿҫXQKӳQJQJj\WLӃSWKHRFѭӡQJÿӝQDQJWUӭQJ
WKҧLUDJLҧPGҫQWӟLQJj\WKӭWKuKRjQWRjQNK{QJWKҩ\QDQJWUӭQJQӳD
5
BҧQJĈһFÿLӇPKuQKWKiLNtFKWKѭӟFFiFORjLFҫXWUQJJj
+uQK
GҥQJ
.tFK WKѭӟF
/ӛ QRmQ
Fy NK{QJ
0jXVҳF
7KӡLJLDQVҧQ
sinh EjRWӱ
JLӡ
9ӏWUt
NêVLQK
TT
/RjL
7iFJLҧ
QăP P{Wҧ
1
Eimeria tenella
Orlow,1975
EҫXGөF
(14,2 - 20)
x (9,5 - 24,8)
NK{QJ
[DQKQKҥW
18 - 48
PDQKWUjQJ
2
Eimeria necatrix
Tyzzer,1929
EҫXGөF
(13 - 20)
x (13,1 - 18,3)
NK{QJ
.K{QJPjX
24 - 36
UXӝWQRQ
PDQKWUjQJ
3
Eimeria mitis
Tyzzer,1929
KѫLWUzQ
(11 - 19)
x (10 - 17)
Fy
NK{QJPjX
24
UXӝWQRQUXӝW
JLj
4
Eimeria brunetti
Johnson,1930
EҫXGөF
(20,7 ± 30,3) x
(18,1 ± 24,2)
NK{QJ
NK{QJPjX
24
FXӕLUXӝWQRQ
UXӝWJLj
5
Eimeria maxima
Tyzzer,1929
EҫXGөF
(21,4 ± 42,5)
x (16,5 ± 29,8)
NK{QJ
KѫLYjQJYӓ
[[u
30- 48
JLӳDUXӝWQRQ
6
Eimeria acervulina
Tyzzer,1929
EҫXGөF
(16 ± 20,3)
x (12,7 ± 16,3)
Fy
NK{QJPjX
13- 17
ÿҫXUXӝWQRQ
7
Eimeria hagani
Levine,1942
EҫXGөF
(15,8-29,9)
x (14,3-29,5)
Fy
NK{QJPjX
48
ÿҫXUXӝWQRQ
8
Eimeria praecox
Tyzzer,1929
EҫX GөF
(16,6- 27,7)
x (14,8- 19,4)
NK{QJ
NK{QJPjX
24 - 36
9
Eimeria mivati
Tyzzer,1929
KuQKWUӭQJ
(10,7- 20,0)
x (10,1- 15,3)
Fy
NK{QJPjX
18- 21
ÿҫXUXӝWQRQ
WiWUjQJ
6
Ӣ P{LWUѭӡQJErQQJRjLQDQJWUӭQJ Eimeria tenella NKiEӅQYӳQJ&ҫX
WUQJQj\JLӳÿѭӧFNKҧQăQJJk\EӋQKVDXNKLQҵPWURQJÿҩWVXӕWQăP1ѫLFѭWU~
OjPDQKWUjQJQrQFK~QJJk\WәQWKѭѫQJUҩWQһQJӣÿk\&iFJLDLÿRҥQSKiWWULӇQ
QӝLVLQKQKҩWOjFѫWKӇSKkQOұSÿӡLNKLSKiWWULӇQWKjQKVӕOѭӧQJOӟQWUong
WKjQKUXӝWVӁSKiKӫ\QLrPPҥFUXӝWJk\FKҧ\PiX[RDQJFKӭDÿҫ\FiFELӇXEu
EӏSKiKRҥLQKӳQJWKjQKSKҫQKӳXKuQKFӫDPiXYjQKӳQJGҥQJFҫXWUQJӣFiF
JLDLÿRҥQNKiFQKDX 'RWәQWKѭѫQJQKLӅXÿiPOӟQWURQJUXӝWQrQ FKӭFQăQJWLrX
KyDEӏUӕLORҥQPjQJQLrPPҥFEӏWәQWKѭѫQJOjFӱDÿӇFiFYL NKXҭQFiFÿӝFWӕ
WҥRUDNKLSKkQKӫ\FiFFKҩWWURQJPDQKWUjQJ[kPQKұSYjRFѫWKӇ
Eimeria acervulina
Ĉk\OjORҥLFҫXWUQJPӟLWuPWKҩ\ӣQѭӟFWDFK~QJFyÿӝFOӵFNK{QJPҥQK
1RmQQDQJKuQKWUӭQJNK{QJPjX FyNKӕLQJX\rQVLQKFKҩWFKѭDKuQKWKjQKEjR
WӱFyGҥQJKҥWӣÿҫXKҽSFyPӝWKD\QKLӅXKҥWFӵFÿҫXWRFyQKkQSKkQFӵFYӓ
EӑFQKҹQ*LDLÿRҥQQӝLVLQKORҥLFҫXWUQJQj\NêVLQKӣWiWUjQJJk\UDTXi
WUuQKYLrPӣWKӇFҩSWtQK7ӹOӋGjLUӝQJFӫDQRmQQDQJOjP
Eimeria maxima
/j ORҥL FҫX WUQJ Fy ÿӝF OӵF FDR QKѭQJ NKҧ QăQJ Jk\ EӋQK WKҩS KѫQ
Eimeria tenellaQRmQQDQJFyPjXQkXYjQJKuQKWUӭQJYӓKѫLVҫQVLKҥWFӵFӣ
ÿҫXKҽS7URQJQRmQQDQJYjWURQJEjRWӱÿӅXNK{QJFyWKӇFһQ4XiWUuQKQӝL
VLQKGLӉQUDGӑFFKLӅXGjLUXӝWQRQQKѭQJQKLӅXKѫQFҧOjSKҫQWUѭӟFYjSKҫQ
JLӳD7ӹOӋGjLUӝQJFӫDQRmQQDQJOjP.KӕLQJX\rQVLQKFKҩWWURQJQKӳQJ
FҫXWUQJFKѭDKuQKWKjQKEjRWӱWKuFyGҥQJKuQKWUzQ KuQKKҥWWUzQ 4XiWUuQK
VLQKEjRWӱNpRGjLWӯ-JLӡ7KѭӡQJNêVLQKӣJLӳDUXӝWQRQ
Eimeria mitis
/jORjLFҫXWUQJFyÿӝFOӵF\ӃX1RmQQDQJKuQKFҫXNK{QJPjX.KӕL
QJX\rQVLQKFKҩWÿӅXÿһQQDQJWUӭQJFyKҥWFӵF&ҫXWUQJNêVLQKӣWX\ӃQÿҫX
UXӝWQRQ6DXNKLQKLӉPYjRFѫWKӇJLӡWURQJFiFWӃEjRELӇXEuQKXQJPDR
WKҩ\QKӳQJWKӇSKkQOұSWKjQKWKөFWKѭӡQJFy-WKӇSKkQÿRҥQFiFJLDRWӱ
ÿѭӧFKuQKWKjQKYjRQJj\WKӭ7ӹOӋGjLUӝQJFӫDQRmQQDQJOj P
7
Eimeria necastrix
Ĉk\OjORҥLFҫXWUQJFyÿӝFOӵFNKiFDRVRQJ PӭFÿӝSKәELӃQYjNKҧ
QăQJJk\EӋQKFӫDQyWKҩSKѫQORjLEimeria tenella1DQJWUӭQJNK{QJFyPjX
KuQKWUӭQJKRһFKuQKEҫXGөFNK{QJFyOӛQRmQQDQJӣPӝWWURQJKDLÿҫXQDQJ
WUӭQJFyKҥWFӵFӢQKӳQJFҫXWUQJFKѭDKuQKWKjQKEjRWӱQJX\rQVLQKFKҩW
NK{QJU}
7KӡLJLDQVLQKVҧQEjRWӱOjJLӡ7KӡLJLDQ[kPQKұSWURQJFѫWKӇJjOj
138-K*jFRQWӯ-WXҫQWXәLFҧPQKLӉPPҥQKYӟLFҫXWUQJQj\7KѭӡQJ
NêVLQKӣUXӝWQRQYjFҧPDQKWUjQJ7ӹOӋGjLUӝQJFӫDQRmQQDQJOj P.
Eimeria praecox
/RjLFҫXWUQJQj\FKѭDWKҩ\ӣ9LӋW1DPVӭFJk\EӋQK\ӃX1RmQQDQJ
FҫXWUQJQj\FyNKӕLVLQKFKҩWGҥQJWUzQYjFyQKkQӣJLӳDKҥWFӵFNK{QJU}.ê
VLQKӣSKҫQÿҫXUXӝWQRQ7ӹOӋGjLUӝQJFӫDQRmQQDQJOjP
Eimeria hagani
1RmQ QDQJKѫLWUzQ NK{QJ PjX VӭF Jk\ EӋQKNK{QJ PҥQK 1RmQQDQJ FҫX
WUQJQj\FKӍQKuQWKҩ\KҥWFӵFVDXVLQKVҧQEjRWӱ-QJj\ĈӝFOӵF\ӃXYjWKҩ\
ӣJjQX{LFӫDQѭӟFWD
Eimeria brunettic
/RjL FҫX WUQJ Qj\ Fy ÿӝc lӵF WѭѫQJ ÿӕL FDR QKѭQJ NK{QJ Eҵng Eimeria
tenella YjEimeria necastrixFiFQDQJWUӭQJFyKuQKWUӭQJNK{QJPjX7URQJ
QRmQQDQJFyPӝt hoһc mӝt sӕ hҥt cӵF*LDLÿRҥn nӝi sinh diӉn ra ӣ ruӝWJLjYj
phҫn cuӕi cӫa ruӝt non. Tӹ lӋ GjLUӝng cӫDQRmQQDQJOjP.
Eimeria mivatti
SӭFJk\EӋQKNK{QJPҥQK1RmQQDQJKuQKFҫXNK{QJPjXFyKҥt cӵc.
*LDLÿRҥn nӝi sinh diӉn ra ӣ ruӝWQRQJk\WәQWKѭѫQJWӃ EjRQӝLP{QKXQJPDR
tҥo ra nhӳng khe, nhӳng hӕFWUrQVXӕt phҫn ruӝt non.
2.1.3. 4XiWUuQKSKiWVLQKF̯XWUQJ
7URQJFKăQQX{LQJjy nay, tunh hunh dӏch bӋnh diӉn ra rҩt phӭc tҥp, mӝt khi
xҧy ra dӏch sӁ Jk\WKLӋt hҥi rҩt lӟn vӟLQJѭӡLFKăQQX{L9u thӃ QJѭӡLFKăQQX{L
8
cҫn phҧi cy hiӇu biӃt vӅ qui trunh phit sinh dӏch bӋnh vj cic biӋn phip phzng
chӕng bӋnh truyӅn nhiӉPÿӇFKăQQX{Lÿҥt hiӋu quҧ kinh tӃ cao.
ĈӕLYӟLEӋQKFҫXWUQJJjFRQYұWPҳFEӋQKOX{QEjL[XҩWPҫPEӋQKUD
QJRjLVXӕWFҧWKӡLJLDQ PҳFEӋQK1RmQQDQJFҫXWUQJWURQJSKkQJjOүQYjRWKӭF
ăQQѭӟFXӕQJÿҩWQӅQFKXӗQJGөQJFөFKăQQX{LWUӣWKjQKQJXӗQJk\QKLӉP
EӋQK
6ӭFÿӅNKiQJFӫDQRmQQDQJFҫXWUQJUҩWPҥQKӣWURQJÿҩWFyWKӇGX\WUu
VӭFVӕQJ- WKiQJӣVkQFKѫLUkPPiW0{LWUѭӡQJҭPѭӟWYjQKLӋWÿӝ{QKzD
OjÿLӅXNLӋQWKXұQOӧLQKҩWFKRFҫXWUQJSKiWWULӇQ1KLӋW ÿӝ- &FKӍPҩW
- JLӡWKuFҫXWUQJSKiWWULӇQWKjQKQKӳQJEjRWӱFRQ6ӭFÿӅNKiQJFӫDQRmQ
QDQJÿӕLYӟLQKLӋWÿӝFDRYjNK{KҥQWѭѫQJÿӕL\ӃX
.KLJLDFҫPÿѭӧFQX{LGѭӥQJTXҧQOêNK{QJWӕWVӭFÿӅNKiQJJLҧPNӃWKӧS
YӟLP{LWUѭӡQJҭPѭӟWPҫPEӋQKWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJQKLӅXVӁWҥRÿLӅXNLӋQFKRFҫX
WUQJSKiWWULӇQPҥQKYjJk\EӋQKQһQJ%ӋQKFҫXWUQJWKѭӡQJWLӃQWULӇQkPӍ
OjPFKRFRQYұWFKұPOӟQVӭFÿӅNKiQJ\ӃXGӉPҳFEӋQKNӃSKiWQKѭQJNKLJһS
ÿLӅXNLӋQWKXұQOӧLFҫXWUQJSKiWWULӇQWKjQKә GӏFKOӟQPDQJWtQKFKҩWKӫ\GLӋW
0ӝWGӏFKEӋnKPXӕQSKiWVLQKSKҧLFyÿӫED\ӃXWӕ QJXӗQEӋQKFiFQKkQ
WӕWUXQJJLDQWUX\ӅQ EӋQKYjÿӝQJYұWFҧPWKөFK~QJOjEDNKkXFӫDTXiWUuQK
SKiWVLQKGӏFK 7KӵFKLӋQTXiWUuQKSKiWVLQKGӏFKFyêQJKƭDOӟQÿӕL YӟLPҫP
EӋQK'REҧQFKҩW NêVLQKPҫPEӋQKÿzLKӓLOX{QSKiWWULӇQWUrQFѫWKӇVӕQJ
4XiWUuQKWLӃQKyDFӫDPҫP EӋQKÿmWҥRUDFKRQyPӝWSKѭѫQJWKӭFWӗQWҥLWKtFK
KӧSOjWKӵFKLӋQTXiWUuQKSKiWVLQK GӏFK7UrQFѫVӣÿyPXӕQWLrXGLӋWÿѭӧFEӋQK
WUX\ӅQQKLӉPWDSKҧLQҳPÿѭӧFFiFTX\ OXұWFӫDTXiWUuQKҩ\ÿӇQJăQFKһQGӏFK
7UrQFѫVӣ SKkQWtch vai trz vj sӵ OLrQKӋ giӳa ciFNKkXFӫa qui trunh truyӅQOk\
dӏch bӋnh, cNJQJQKѭҧQKKѭӣng cӫa cic yӃu tӕ tӵ QKLrQ[m hӝLÿjn gia s~Fÿӕi vӟi
qui trunh phit sinh, phit triӇn cӫa dӏch bӋQKF{QJWic phzng chӕng dӏch cy thӇ thӵc
hiӋn bҵng cich xya bӓ mӝt hoһc vjLNKkXOjm cho qui trunh sinh dӏFKNK{QJ[ҧy ra
ÿѭӧFĈk\Oj QJX\rQOê FѫEҧQWURQJF{QJWic phzng chӕng dӏch bӋnh, ngoji ra czn
cy mӝt sӕ QKkQWӕ nӳa ҧnh hѭӣng tӟi tunh hunh dӏch bӋQKÿy lj vҩQÿӅ kiӇm soit sӵ
9
vұn chuyӇn vj giӃt mә vұWQX{L1Ӄu vҩQÿӅ nj\ÿѭӧc thӵc hiӋn tӕt thu sӁ hҥn chӃ tӕi
ÿDVӵ phit tin cӫa mҫm bӋnh.
2.1.4. 9zQJÿͥi cͯa c̯XWUQJJk\ b͏QKFKRJj
HuQK9zQJÿͥi cͯa c̯XWUQJJj(LPHULDVSS
(Ngu͛n:http://www.vemedim.com/b͏nh c̯XWUQJ
Tҩt cҧ FiFORjLFҫXWUQJÿӅXFyYzQJÿӡLNKiSKӭc tҥSYjFK~QJÿӅXSKiW
triӇn theo mӝWYzQJÿӡi chung. ViӋc hiӇu biӃt vӅ YzQJÿӡi cӫDFK~QJUҩt quan
trӑng trong viӋc chҭQÿRiQÿLӅu trӏSKzQJEӋQKYjFyQKӳng kӃ hoҥFKÿLӅu chӍnh
loҥLNêVLQKWUQJQj\
Theo NguyӉn Thӏ .LP/DQYjFV >8@ &KXWUuQKSKiWWULӇn cҫXWUQJ
JjJӗPJLDLÿRҥQSKiWWULӇQ *LDLÿRҥn ӣ QJRjLWӵ QKLrQYjJLDLÿRҥn ӣ WURQJFѫ
thӇ NêFKӫ.
9zQJÿӡi cӫa cҫXWUQJJӗPJLDLÿRҥn:
*LDLÿRҥn ӣ QJRjLWӵ QKLrQ QRmQQDQJÿѭӧc thҧLWKHRSKkQUDQJRjLJһp
ÿLӅu kiӋn thuұn lӧi vӅ nhiӋWÿӝÿӝ ҭPQRmQQDQJSKiWWULӇQWKjQKEjRWӱ (Cҫu
10
WUQJEimeria SKiWWULӇQWKjQKW~LEjRWӱ, trong mӛLW~LEjRWӱ FyEjRWӱ thӃ).
/~FÿyWUӣ WKjQKQRmQQDQJJk\QKLӉm (Oocyst Jk\QKLӉm).
*LDLÿRҥn ӣ WURQJFѫWKӃ NtFKӫ NKLQRmQQDQJFҫXWUQJ[kPQKұSYjR
FѫWKӇ theo thӭFăQKRһFQѭӟc uӕQJGѭӟLWiFGөng trӵc tiӃp cӫa dӏch dҥ Gj\UXӝt,
mұt WKuOӟp vӓ cӭQJÿyEӏ SKiYӥFiFQRmQQDnJÿѭӧc giҧLSKyQJ &K~QJOұp tӭc
[kPQKұSYjRWURQJFiFWӃ EjRELӇXEuUXӝWSKiWWULӇQWKjQK Schizonte. Schizonte
tiӃp tөF SKiW WULӇQ Yj SKkQ FKLD WҥR WKjQK Schizogoni rӗi vӥ UD WKjQK QKLӅu
Schizogoit. Schizogoit tiӃp tөc SKiWWULӇQWKjQKMerozoit rӗi WKjQKWӃ EjRÿӵc (tiӇu
phӕi tӱ YjWӃ EjRFiL ÿҥi phӕi tӱ). TӃ EjRÿӵFYjFiL kӃt hӧp vӟi nhau tҥRWKjQK
hӧp tӱ rӗLWKjQKQRmQQDQJ Oocyst). ThӡLJLDQKRjQWKjQKYzQJÿӡLOj- QJj\
7URQJ YzQJ ÿӡi cӫa cҫX WUQJ GLӉn rD KDL SKѭѫQJ WKӭc sinh sҧQ ÿy Oj
sinh sҧQY{WtQKYjVLQKVҧn hӳXWtQK9uYұ\FyWKӇ SKkQTXiWUuQKVLQKVҧn cӫa
cҫu WUQJTXDJLDLÿRҥn sau:
*LDLÿRҥn sinh sҧQY{WtQK &ҫXWUQJNêVLQKӣ tӃ EjRELӇXP{Fӫa con vұt
sinh sҧQWKHRSKѭѫQJWKӭc trӵc SKkQ
*LDLÿRҥn sinh sҧn hӳXWtQK 6DXJLDLÿRҥn sinh sҧn trӵFSKkQVӁ KuQK
WKjQKFiFWӃ EjRFiL ÿҥi phӕi tӱ FiFWӃ EjRÿӵc (tiӇu phӕi tӱ 1KkQ cӫa giao tӱ
ÿӵFSKkQFKLDYjOӟQOrQÿӃn chӯng mӵFQjRÿyWKu[XQJTXDQK mӛLQKkQFRQ
KuQKWKjQKQJX\rQVinh chҩt bao bӑFYjJLDRWӱ ÿӵFÿmÿѭӧc WUѭӣQJWKjQK&K~QJ
FyKuQKTXҧ OrNtFKWKѭӟc nhӓ, mӝWÿҫXFyYzLVLQK dөc.
4XiWUuQKKuQKWKjQKJLDRWӱ FiLFNJQJGLӉQUDWѭѫQJWӵ QKѭJLDRWӱ ÿӵc, chӍ
NKiFOjӣ mӝWÿҫu tӃ EjRFyOӛ sinh dөc gӑLOjmicropilWK{QJ qua lӛ Qj\JLDRWӱ
ÿӵFFKXLYjRErQWURQJJLDRWӱ FiLÿӇ thӵc hiӋn chӭFQăQJ thө thai. Giao tӱ FiLWR
KѫQtWFKX\ӇQÿӝQJKѫQ6DXNKLWKө thai xong cҧ giao tӱ ÿӵFYjFiLKuQKWKjQK
mӝt hӧp tӱ FKXQJÿѭӧc bӑc chung mӝt vӓ mӟi gӗm 2 lӟSYjFK~QJUѫLYjROzng
ruӝt biӃQWKjQKQRmQQDQJFKѭDFKtQ gӑLOjOocystit+DLJLDLÿRҥQWUrQÿѭӧc tiӃn
KjQKӣ WURQJFѫWKӇ NêFKӫ QrQ gӑLOjJLDLÿRҥn nӝi sinh sҧn.
+ Sinh sҧQEjRWӱ (Sporogonie): Ӣ QJRjLP{LWUѭӡng, gһSÿLӅu kiӋn thuұn
lӧLVDXYjLJLӡWURQJQJX\rQVLQKchҩt cӫDQRmQQDQJÿm[Xҩt hiӋn khoҧQJViQJ
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