---
--
B~I HQC Qu6c GIATHANHPH6 He, CHI MINH
TRUC1NGB~I HQC KHOAHQC TV NHIEN
LE HOANGTHAI
xA Y DVNG, PHA T TRIEN, UNG DT,JNGMOT s6 MO
H1NH KET H~ng th<1i,
xac dinh raub gidi gifi'a no vdi Tr{ rue nluln t{lo clf truyln (nin tang IiI
kj thuQt tfnh loan cling).
Vi~c nghien cuu cua lu~n an vdi m\lc lieu: hy vQng ap d\lng'mo
hlnh kIt h?p cac kj thuQt t{nh loan mlm cho vi~c giii quye't cac bai
loan trong thl!c te' sao cho thu du'<;1c
hi~u guilt thl!c hi~n cao nhilt.
Lu~n an nay t~p trung nghien CUuhai viln d~ chinh:
(1) T6ng ke't mQt s6 phu'dng phap ke't h<;1pqua l~i gifi'a Thul)t gidi
di truy€n, m{lng Naron va Logic mo eua cae nha nghien CUlltrong va
ngoai nu'de: trlnh bay t(nh cOn thie't cua vi~c ke't h<;1p,cae phll(/f1gthdc
ket h?p, mQt s6 vi d\l minh hQa va dlla ra lup hili roan thich ung Mi
vdi tt'tng mo hlnh ke't h<;1p.
(2) f>~ xuilt mQt s6 mo hmh ke't h<;1prieng: Cae h~ th6ng Di
truyin- Mii, Naron- Mo, Di truyln- Naron, Vi truyln- Naron- Mii.
f>6ng thCJi,chi ra Hnh khd thi eua chUng trong vi~e giai quye't ung
d\lng, d6 la hili Joan pMn loq.i mdu t6ng quat. Lu~n an d~ c~p hai lop
bai toan cua ung d\lng nay: phdn logi mdu khOng mitt mat thOng tin:
Chung thlfc m~u, phan lOp m~u va phlln [oq.imJu hi ml1'tmat thOng tin.
Giiii 100 bai toaD vhan loai m~u khong: ma't mat thong: tin:
Giiii lop bai loan chung thlfc m~u (phan bi~t THA TI GIA) b?ing
mo hlnh ke't h<;1p
giii'aThuqt giditienhod (EA) voi Logic mG(FL) (mo
hlnh FL_EA).
Giiii lOp bai loan phan lopm~u b?ing mQt s6 mo hlnh ke't h<;1p:
giii'a mq.ng Naron va Logic miJ (m\\ng Ndron mCl (Fuzzy Neural
Network- FNN»); giii'a mgng Naron va ThUQtgidi di tl'uy€n (mo hlnh
NN_GA); giii'a m(Jng Naron, Logic mil va Thuqt gidi di truy€n (mo
hlnh NN_FL_GA).
Giiii 100 bai toaD phiin loai m~u bi ma't mat thong tin:
Ph\lc h5i m~u bi ma't mat thong tin v~ tr\\ng thai ban dilu b~ng Bi)
nho ke't h<;1p(AssociativeMemory- AM). Sau khi m~u du'<;1cph\lc hM,
quay trCll\\i bili loan phan lo\\i mh khong ma't mat thOng tin: chang
thl,lc mdu ho~c phdn lop mdu. E>~chu~n bi bi) dii' li~u hua'n luy~n clIo
mq.ng plu,lc hai: BI} nhO ktt lu;tpva mqng phdn lrJp:FNN va NN, lu~n
an d~ xua't mi)t ky thu~t tlf di)ng phat sinh bi) dii' li~u hua'n luy~n thay
the' phu'dng phap chQn milu thu congo Ky thu~t nay hlnh thanh tli mo
hinh ktt hxen.
-
nnh
huo'n~ 2: Bj ma't mat thong tin <:>Xmmlt~n.
Voi nnh hu6ng I chlnh la bai loan dii trlnh bay.
Voi tlnh hu6ng 2 phai phl,lc h6i Xmmll v~ Xph~c_Mjsao rho
Xph~c_Mjen,r6i moi phan lo1,liXphKMj v~ nj, ie {1,2,..., It}.
Lu~n an xem xet hai d1,lngcua bai loan phan IO1,lim§u:
(I) Bai loan chung th\fc m§u (phan bi~t THA TI GIA):
Tru'ong h<;1p n=2 => Q
= QTH,4.T
U QGlA
.
(2) Bai loan phan lOp mall:
Xel de'n hai lru'ong h<;1p:
- Tntllng hqp 1: M§u X la mQt vec td: rho 12la mQl pIlau ho1,lch
cac nj, ie {1,2,...,n} va X=(X" X2,...,XJeO. Xac djnh ie {I, n}: XeOj.
- Truong hqp 2: M§u X Ia M vec ld:
rho 0 la mQt phan ho1,lch cac {OJ, ie{l,2,...,n}} va m§u
X = {xJ = (x(, xi ",.,xI):xJ en, J = {1",.,M}}.
Xac djnh i sao rho XeOj.
1.5.2 Ke't hqp Vi truyt". Mu: Ma /ri,,/r FL_EA giai bai toaD
.
c/runK t/r!te mliu (phftn bi~t TH~ TI GIA)
Xua't pIlat tit bai toan phon loqi mliu tdng quat (ml,lc 1.5.1). Xet
tru'ong h<;1pn=2 => 0=
°TII,4.Tv °GlA : bai lOan cllling thlfC mlil1
(pMn birt THA T/GIA.)- Xac dinh "mliu' dang xem xer co phdi ld
"mliu' gaG cho trllek khOng? Be giai quye't bai loan, lu~n an de xua't
mo hlllh ke'l h<;1pThuQl gidi titn hoa (bie'n the cua ThuQt gidi di
truyln) va Logic mil. Xem d~y du ve phu'dng phap t1,liml,lc 2.1
5
(chu'dng 2). Dng d\mg thlfc te' cua phu'dng phap: Cht1ng thlfe Anh trlnh
bay trong chu'dng 4 (ung d\mg 1).
1.5.3 Ke't hQ'p Di truyin- Ndron- Mll giiii bai loan phlln lup
mau (XeQ)
Xet bdi tadn pMn laf,limdu tdng qudt (m\lc 1.5.1) voi tnf(Jng hl;1pn
nguyen dl/ung ba't ky. Tuy nhien, m\lc nay chi quaD Him de'n noh
hu6og 1 (m\lc 1.5.1): PMn laf,limdu kltong mdt mdt thOng tin: X day
drl d(ie trllng ~ XED. De giai quye't bai toaD, lu~n an d~ xua't b6n mo
kink: mf,lng Ndran truyin thling biz lOp; mf,lng Ndran miY truy€n thling
b6n tang (xem m\lc 2.2 thuQc chu'dng 2); Thu~t gidi di truyin kit h{1p
ede 1/u;mgNClrantruy€n thllng ba lOp (xem m\lc 2.3 thuQc chu'dng 2);
Thu~t gidi di truyin lien kit ede mf,lng Ndran miY (xem m\lc 3.1.6
thuQc chu'dng 3). Vi~c so sanh de chQn IQc mo kink ktt h{1plo't nhdl
trong b6n mo hlnh tren du'l;1cminh hol.! trong ung d\lng thlfc te': Nh~n
df,lngk:YIlf viti lay (ung d\lng 2, chu'dng 4).
1.5.4 M6 hloh ke't hQ'p Vi truyin- Ndron- Mll giiii bai loan
philo lo~i mftu co m{(t mat th6ng tin (Xmnrtt~O)
La bai loan phIlO lol.!im§u t6ng quat voi nnh hu6ng 2: PhIlo lol.!i
m§u bi milt mat thOng tin <=>Xmmtt~O.De giai quye't bai tmin, d~u
tieD, phai ph\lC h6i Xmmttv~ XphKh&isao cho XphKh&ieO,r6i moi pMn
lo~i Xph¥cj,&i
v~ 0;, ie {I, 2,..., n}. De ph\lC h6i m§u X, lu~n an d~ xua't
mo kink ke't hl;1pThUf)t gic1idi Iruyin- mf,lng Kahanen- Logic miY- bQ
nhcJ kit h{1p (AM). M\lc 3.2.2 thuQc chu'dng 3 trlnh bay chi tie't mo
hlnh d~ xua't nay. Sau khi ph\lc h6i, thu du'l;1cXphKM;eO. De phIlO
lo~i XphK!1&i
v~ Oi, ie {I, 2,..., n}, chQn llfa tit b6n ky thu~ t phIlo lo~i
nhu' trong m\lc 3.2.2 thuQc chu'dng 3. Dng d\lng thlfc te' cua bai tmin:
PMn laf,limdu van lay mdt md.t thOng tin (ung d\lng 3, chu'dng 4).
1.6 Tom t~t chu'dng 1
TEnhtadn thOng mink vdi n~n tang la cac ky thu~t Hnh tOaDm~m:
ThutJ.tgidi di truyin, mf,lng Ndran nhan tf,la va Logic miY dii titng h}
cM d€ nghien CUuva Om hieu tit kill Mt d4u chuyen nganh khoa hQc
may tinh (tit Dam 1940). Chu'dng nay dii t6ng ke't mQt s6 nghien CUll
dii co v€ vi~c ke't hc;lpqua l~i giii'a ba ky thu~t cua tfnh tadn thOng
mink: Thu(1t gidi di lmy!n, mf,lng Ndran va Logic miY. D6ng tMi, gidi
thi~u mQt s6 mo hini, ket h{1prieng (d~y du xin xem trong cac chu'dng
2,3 va 4 cua lu~n an).
6
Chu'dng 2
MQT so MO HINH KET H<;1PcAp BOI: DI TRUYEN-MeJ,
NdRON-MeJ. DI TRUYEN-NdRON
2.1 Thu4t gidi tit" h6a ke't hllp Logic mil: InO hin" FL_EA giai bai
tmin chung tht1c miD (phan bi~t TB~ T/GIA.)
2.1.1 Md d~u
CMng th(lc mllu (phlln bi~f TH~ T/GL.\): tnt(Jng h<;1pn=2 trong
nnh hu6ng mdu khOng mdt mdt thOng tin cua bai loan phan lo{li mdu
tOng qudt (mvc 1.5.1). Hai loan du'<;1c
phat bi~u nhu'sau:
ClIo tru'dc
!1TH~T:KhOng gian cac m~u TH~ T;
nc.IA: Khong gian cae m~u GlA.
Vdi !1=!1TH~TU!1mA;!1TH~T'!1mA'~0 va !1TH~T('\!1mA=0.
Hie't: M~u dang ky Ae!1TH~T;M~u dn chU'ngnh~n Xe!1.
It
Canxacdinh:
p:.!1~ {TH~T.GlA } saocho
.
~
VX!eO, 3ie{TH'; T,GIA}:p(X)
= i(nghia [aX eO,).
Th1,J'cch~t. day la bai loan chU'ng th1,J'cm~u X: Tim phu'dng phap
phan loai m~u X Ia THAT hay GlA mot cach nhanh nh~t. Qua trlnh
gild quye't bai loan du'<;1c
cilia thanh hai giai do!;!n:Bang ky m~u d!;!i
di~n Ae !1TH~Tva chU'ngnh~n m~u X la TH~ T (X=A) hay GlA (X;tA).
.
Giai do{ln 1: Dang IcY
(1) Nh~n mQt m~u Ae !1TH~T'
(2) Hie'n d8i A v~ vec td h
(3) Tim cay nhQn dr,zng_nM.p tM t(l duy~t) d1,J'atren A va TA.
.
Giaido(ln2: CII/ingnlz(m
.
(4) Nh~n m~u dn chU'ngnh~n X
(5) Hie'n d8i bi8u di~n l!;!iX du'di d!;!ngyec td Tx.
(6) Sit d\lng cay lIMn d(lng_n de chU'ngnh~n Tx ==TA?
Ntu dung ke't lu~n: Xe!1TH~T"grl(lc [{Iike't lu~n: Xe!1mA.
Mo hlnh ke't h<;1pLogic mil va ThUlJtgidi titn hod (EA- Bien thl!
clia ThuQt gidi di truy~n) du'<;1c
sit dvng d8 thlfc hi~n cac giai do!;!n
ghH quye't bai loan.
2.1.2 Bie'n d6i m(f biiu di~n l~i miD
Dinh nghia 2.1 (ma trQn thO bi!u di€n mllu)
ClIo tru'dc mQt anh con G cua mQt m~u. Dung t byte (t nguyen;
t~l) bi8u di~n mU'cxam cua G. Gia Ui E(G)e{O, ...,(2/x8-1)) la gici tq
mU'cxam cua G.
7
M6i m§u du<;lcphiin thanh LxK anh con G;J(i=D"..,L-l;j=O,...,K-l;
gici trj L va K tuy thuQc vao ph~n m~m quet anh), thu du<;lCma tr4n
thO bitu diln mduALxK sao cho: A;J=E(G;J) (i=D..L-l;j=D..K-l).
Djnh nghia 2.2 (bien ddi mil)
Cho trudc gici trj d~u vao ae{D,...,(2,x8_1»). Biln ddi mu CURa Ia
phep bie'n d8i su dl}ng ky thu~t "mil" (chi tie't v~ ky thu~t m(j xem
trong phI} ll}c G) d~ pban ldp l~i ghi trj CUR a v~ mi~n
BD~r~""~O~C«2x1~
(I"'" 1.-+1))., I""" (.-+1)".,
X.,(.-+I))>o(~')X("""
I""'"
Hlnh 2.4 Bi8u di6n "mo" bien d5i giil tri a
..
(.-+1)>« "'.1
v~ mi~n (0, "" d.
3vte {D,...,e) ta c6 BDM(a)=vt: JL",(a) = Max
1.0 fIL,(a)}.
. Djnh nghia 2.3 (ma tr4n rut g(Jn)
Cho trudc ma tr~n thO bi~u di€n m§u LALXKJ,Cho trudc kfch thudc
hang M va kich thudc cQt N. Ma tr4n rut g(Jn bi~u di€n m~u LA'MXNJ
Ia
mQt RG trunK binh (Rut gQn trung blnh) CURma tr~n LALxKJsao cho:
A;.J(,.O...M-I.J.O...N-I)
=RGtrungbinh(A".){t = O..L-I,k = 0.. K-I
{ A;,Je{O,...,(2'" -I)}
(Xem thu~t giai rut gQn trung blnh (Jdudi).
Djnh nghia 2.4 (ma trq.n rut g(Jn nmiln)
Cho trudc' ma tr~n nit gQn LA'MxNJ.Ma trq.n rut g(Jn "miln LBMxNJ
la mQt "bien adi mu"(djnh nghia 2.2) CURph~n tu A'iJCi=O"M-/;i=O"N-/)
sao
cho:
,
B',J(':O..M-I,J=O...N-I)
= BDM',J (A',J )(i =D..M-I,} = D..N-I )
!
{ B',JE{O,...,e}
Djnh nghia 2.5 (vee td a{le tr/ing)
Cho trudc ma tr~n rut gQn "ma" LBMxNJ,We id d{ie trunK F CUR
m§u
la: F=(fO,fI,fZ,...,fMxN-l);
trong
d6, /;=B;div N,; modN;(;=O.,}.{xN-I)'
Rutgon trung blnh(RGtrum!binh)
Tinh
L=L/2
LALxK
K=KI2 --. trung
blnhA'ij
i=1..L
T. T<'
J
l
8
L=M
vAK=N?
thOil ~ LA'A(XNJ
Y"'
Miu dang ky (A) va mill c!n chUng nh~n (X) d~u du'l;Icbi€u di~n
l~i du'oi dillJ;lghai vec td d~c tru'ng TAMxNva TXMxNthong qua cac bie'n
d6i tit cac djnh nghia dii trlnh bay CIteen. Viln d~ con I~i la: xet xem
XEnTH~T7Hay n6i dch khac phiH so khdp xem:TXMxN=TAMxN7
Luc nay, cdy nMn d{mg_n du'l;Icxay d1!ng vdi tieu chi xac djnh
cay 1ft"PIlat hi~n GIA. nhanh nhilt". Ghi djnh tieu chi du'<;1c
bie't tru'oc
va du'l;Ic56 boa thanh ham l/./{1ngKia, su d\lng Thu(it gidi tie'n hod M
gi.H quye't bai loan nay (Th1!c hi~n hai bu'oc (3) va (6».
HiBu Qua cua bie'n d6i mil trOnl!viac bilu diln lai deli t/./um!
Dinh nghia 2.6 (sai s5 bie'n ddi ())
Sai s5 bie'n d6i () li't sai 56 thu du'<;1c
khi anh x~ ma tr~n tho bi€u
di~n mill LALxKJ;
A;,jE(O,...,(2'X8-1)},t~l(t nguyen), i=l..L; j=l..K v~
ma tr~n rut gQn "mo" LBMxNJ;Bm,nE{O,...,c}, Oi~u ki~n ket thuc l~p 1(A(t»*True)
-
LU'=0) va mi?tgia lei thich h<;lpcho {3.
.
BlIae 2: f)~t: M=O va k=l.
BlIae 3: f)~t M=M+l. T<,tora Ndron MIN-FN thU'M trongthg
va Naron COMP-FN thU'M trong t~ng thU't\1'.Xac djnh:
e
pqM
[2J
=S pqM
N,
N,
= max
1=1 (max
/=1
tbU'ba
,.
(W[p-l,q-j]Xljk»
(2.13 )
p=I,N1;q=I,N2
Trong d6, epqMla diSm teQng Him cua ham ra M eho Naron MAXFN thU'(p,q) trong t~ng iliU'hai. Xk=(xijd la m~u hua'n luy~n thU'k.
BlIcJc4: f)~t: k=k+l.
Ne'u k > K th'i thu t\lc hQc 5e ke't thuc,
Ngu'qc l<,li
- Nh~p mftu hua'n luy~n thU'k vao m<,tngva tinh loan d~u ra cua m<,tng
Ndron mo hi~n t<,ti(vdi M Ndron mo trong t~ng thU'ba va thU't\1').
- X:icdinh:
.
M
(j
=1-
max(iJI)
I"
Ik
(2.14)
trong d6 y~;1 Ia d~u ra cua MIN-FN thU'j trong t~ng thU'ba U'ng vdi
mftu hua'n Iuy~n thU'k (Xk).
- Ne'u 8 <=Tfth'i quay I<,tiBlIae 4.
- Ne'u 8>Tfth'i quay I<,tiBlIac 3.
c.
Hi~u qua eila Thu(it gidi hQc H! t6 chile
Dinh Iy 2.2 (Thu(lt gidi hQc elf t6 chuG tlm cdu truc nlgng)
va T mftu dich '(56 Naron
rho tr\1'ocmQt mh hua'n luy~n XNxN.
I 2
l
r
l
d~u fa (t~ng thU'hi» vdi ma tr~n tr<,tngthai tu'dng U'ng (JNI,N2
J. t = I,T.
Cho d9 rQng ham tbiinh VieD a ~ 0, M 56 mo boa (3va ng\1'ong16i
Tf' Luc nay, 56 lu'<;IngNaron trong t~ng thU' ba va thg iliU' tu' cua
m<,tngmo (M) du'<;Icxac dinh I<,tinhu'5au:
(2.15)
M = T+ f;(5,Tf)
.
trongd6.
f.(8,Tf)=
0 neu8-Tf~O
[ I ntu8-Tf>O
14
va
T
[3]
8 = 1- ~ax (Y ' k)
J=I j ,
y~l : Ia d~u ra t~ng tha ba cua m~ng roo: daub gia d(}thu(}ccua
miu hua'nluy~n k vao miu dich tha j.
H~ qua 2.2
Cho K miu hua'n luy~n va T miu dich ban d~u. sfi Naron tfii da
dlt<1cb6 sung trong t~ng tha ba va t~ng tha tit cua m~ng mo 1£1K
Naron.
M=T+K
(2.16)
Luc nay,
H~ qmi 2.3Cho K miu hua'n luy~n va T m1iu dich ban d~u. Trong trltong hQp
tfii thicgu, se khong c6 ba't ca m(}t Naron mo nao dltQc b6 sung cho
t~ng tha ba, ding nhlt t~ng tha tit cua m~ng.
Luc nay,
M=T
(2.17)
2.2.3 So sanh m{lng Ndron mu yoi m{lng Ndron trllyill tTrang
Bang 2.1 So sanh thoi glaD hua'n luy~n giil'a thu~t giai hQc tlf t6
chUc FN
va thu4t il1i Ian tru ~n n l.iqc (NN)
Phltdng phap
sfi chii' hua'n
T~p miu
ThiJi glaD
lu ~n man
dich
hua'n lu ~n
FNN
5460
26
273 ( hut)
NN
5460
26
9555 ( hUt
Bang 2.2 So sanh ty I~ nMn d~ng (%) giil'a FNN va NN (kicgmtea
2340 chii'
sfi chii' Ty I nhn
Ty 1 16i
Phltdng
sfi chii' dung
sai
phap
dang
FNN
2122
218
90.68%
9.32%
NN
2068
272
11.62%
88.38%
FNN ili xu{{t illlf/c so sdnh va; NN trang biti todn Nhq.n dr;mg chi]
viet tay.Vi mvc 2.2 t~p trung giai quye't bai loan phan lop m1iu x
(tru'ong hQp miu x 1£1m(}t vec td), Den cac chii' vie't lay dltQc thti'
nghi~m voi m(}t lieu chi daub gia duy nha'1: vec ta il{ic trlfllg foa" qtC
8x8. Bang 2.1 va bang 2.2 phan anh ke't qua so sanh giil'a mr;lIIg
Naron miJbOntting (FNN) va nu;l1Ig
Narollba tting (NN) khi dung voi
cac chil' thti' nghi~m (bicgu di~n bdi vec ta il{ic trlmg toan C!lC8x8)
thlfc hi~n teen may Pentiumll-PC 266 MHz. Nh~n tha'y, FNN hi~u
qua hdn NN ca v~ thiJi gian hua'n luy~n cling nhlt ty I~ nMn d~ng:
FNN Ia kha thi va c6 thcgap dvng n6 cho bat loan phan lOp miu.
15
2.3 Thu4t gidi di truyill li@n k@'toh!~u m(lllg N(frOIfa:Ull1gdQog eho
bai tmlo pMn lOp m4u (m4u g~m M vee td)
2.3.1 M6 hlnh bai tmlo
Nhu mQc 2.2.1 dii trlnh b~y. bai tmio philo Idp m~u X khong ma't
mat thOng tin duQc chia thanh hai ba.i loan con: Bai toall phan lop
mdu X g6m 1 Vt1ctd (MQt tieu chEduy nhdt danh Kia X) va Bai roan
phan lop mdu X g6m M vec td (X dlt{1cdanh Kia biJi M tieu ch£). MQc
nay se t~p trung tlm hieu va giai quye't Bai roan phiin LOpmdu X g6m
M vec (d. Bai loan nay duQCdjnh righlanhusau:
Cho!1 la mQt phan ho~ch cac {!1;, i Ell, 2,
m~u X = {xl = (x(, x;,...,xI}:xJ
.. , nl.
!1; *O) va
en, J = {I,...,M}}
Xacdjnhie{l,n):Xe!1;.
2.3.2 Cae phu'dng philp li@ok@'tnhi~u m(l1JgN(froll
Co hai phudng phap t5ng quat cho vi~c ke't hQp cua cac mr;mg
Ndron: cach thU nha't d(ta VaGkj thu~t tuyln ch{Jn (p"ltl1ng phdp dem
Borda), con cach thu hai d(ta VaGkj thuQt lien h{1p.Lu~n an tlm hieu
phlt<1l1gphdp d(ta vao kj thu~( lien h{1p, vdi phlt<1l1gphdp nay, vi~c
phan lo~i mQt m~u nh~p X dtla vao t~p cac gia trj thl,l'c:P(!1; I X), I S;i
S;11,cho bie't xac sua't de X thuQc mQt trong n Idp ban d~u. Sd d6 lien
ke't m~ng bao g6m M nl{lng Ndron, I phep tinh tren m6i m~ng se t~o
ra mQt t~p cac gia trj xac sua't dung nhu sau : PI (!1; I X), IS; IS; M,
IS; is; n. MQt m~ng ddn gian ke't hQp cac ke't qua teen m~u X tu ta't ca
M m~ng ca the bhg vi~c su dQng gia trj trung blob dum day nhumQt
Hnh loan mdi cua lien ke't m~ng:
Nhu v~y, co the hieu trj s6 ke't hQp ohu mQt phan ldp trung blob
P(o,lX)=lfp.,(o,lX),
MJ-I
l:~i:S;11
(220
cua phudng phap Bayes. Tinh loan nay se duQc cai tie'n ne'u daub gia
kha Dang djnh hudng cua cac d~u ra dl,l'ateen cd si'1cac tri thuc tho
duQc v~ muc dQ tin,5h cua tung .m~ng :
P(!1, IX) = Lr;PJ(!1, IX),
1:S;i:S;n
.
0 day L r;= 1.
M
(2.22)
J-t
(2.23 )
1-1
16
2.3.3 Thu~t gbli di truy~n xac djnh h~ s6 tin c~y cho cae dilu ra
CURtung m{lllg Ndron
Trong qua trlnh tinh loan, ThUQtgidi di truyJn anh x~ khBng giRD
giiii phap bai loan len t~p hl;1pcae chu6i, m6i chu6i biEu di€n mQt
giiii phap ti~m Dang.
Trong bai loan nay, mQt chu6i phiii ma bOa nxM thRill 56 gia trj
thlfc (r/) trong bi~u thU'c (2.22), bhg each nay mdi thu du'l;1cnhung
h~ 58 ke't hl;1pt8i u'u cho vi~c lien ke't cae m{lng Nuron ca th~. M6i h~
58 du'l;1cma h6a thanh 2Lbit va du'l;1cdi~u chlnh trong khming tir [0,1].
Sau d6, ThuQt gidi di truyin
se thao tac tren cae chulli ma h6a
M
tlm
kie'm nhung giiii phap t8t hdn U'ngvdi mlli Mn t~o sinh.
Phu'dng phap d~ nghj 5e Ia'y t~p hl;1pcae h~ 58 (r/) CURcae m{lng
Nuron cd tM dB hlnh thanh nhfi'ng chulli ma tu'dng U'ng.
2.3.4 Chung minh Hnh hQi tQ CURThllQ.tgiai di trllyin trong qua
trlnh xac djnh M s6 tin c4Y
Bjnh Iy (djnh Iy v~ Hnh hQi tQ CUREA trong [KTN2000])
Cho EA=(I, cp..Q, 1/1.s. 1; J1,A)
Giii thuye't:
(i) KhOng giRDWi giiii /la t~p hUu h~n.
(ii) T6n t~i 1i'1igiiii a* e I
Khi d6, vdi mQi quaIl tM khiJi t{lOprO), EA se thod cdc diJu ki~1Isou:
(I) Dirng 5au mQt so'bll(Jc l{ip hau h{lll: 'fEA(0')
= min{<1>(a)lae
Uvr(P(O))}.
Bjnh nghia 2,11 (Sai 56 E)
,..
SRi s6 E CURs6 thlfc la sRi 56 thu du'l;1ckhi anh x~ gia trj CUR58
thlfc d6 v~ mi~n
[UmimUmax] ba'tky;
Umin-oo.
Umax< + 00.
M~nh d~ 2,1
Cho tru'dc vec td nhi philo g6m L bit d~ anh x~ mQt gia trj thlfc x
v~ rni~n [UminoUmaJ.Luc nay, SRis6 E CURx 5e du'l;1cde djnh theo
cBng thU'c5au:
(2.26)
M~nh d~ 2.2
£
-(U--U_){y
2
Cho tntdc sRi 58 E CURmQt gia trj thlfc x. S8 bit nhj philo L dn
.
thie't dB anh x~ x v~ mi~n [Umim Umax] du'l;1cde
L=Round
_UP(IOg,((Umn
-Um:f6xd)
17
djnh theo cBng iliac:
(2.27)
M~nh d~ 2.3
Cho vec td nhi phan string2 dQ diU L bit bieu dien ghi tri th1,icx e
[Urni",Urnax]'Luc nay, x se dU'(,1c
dc dinh theo cong thl1'c:
(2.28)
x = U... + decimal (string 2)X g
trang do,
g = (U.Q - U -)6 - 1)
H~ qua 2.4
T5n t~i chu6i nhi phan string2bieu cliett h~ s6 tin c~y r/e[O,I]
L
thoa sai s6
eE
91 cho trU'dc.
.
HI; qua 2.5 (di!m hQi tit ella h~ sr{ tin el,iy)
Sau mQt s6 bU'dcl~p hil'u h~n, Thul,itgidi di truy€n se Hm dU'(,1c
bQ
h~ s6 tin e~y t6i u'u, r/ (J= 1,M , i=I, n), ung vdi sd d5 lien ke't M
n/.{lngNaron thoa sai s6 e E 91 cho trU'dc.
2.3.5 Phan tleh, danh gia mo hinh d~ xua't
A.
Bai loan flu] nghi~m
De chI ra tinh kha thi cua mo hlnh ke't h(,1p:Thul,it gidi di truyln
lien ke't nhi~u mgng Naron trong phan lap m~u, chung ta quay trC1l~i
bai loan vi dv C1mvc 2.2.3: liMn dgllg ella viti lay. s6 chu thit nghi~m
la 26 chu cai vje't lay thU'ang vdi: lOx30x26=7800 chu, trong do,
7x30x26=5460 chil hua'n luy~n va 3x30x26=2340 chil kiem tea. Cae
chil vie't lay dU'(,1c
danh gia Mi 3 lieu chi khac nhau (3 d~ng d~c trU'ng
ri~ng bi~t): vee ta 4 dge trllng dja phllcmg 4x4; vee ta dge tr/.lflgloan
cite 8x8 va vee ta d{ie trllng bi!u diln bien ella ehil (mvc 2.2.3).
B. NluJn dgng ehil viti lay
Mgng Naron truyln theine ba tdng(NNi} vdi Thu(1t Kid; Ian truy€n
ngll{1ese dU'(,1cdung de hQCva nh~n d~ng cac d~ng vec td d~c trU'ng
nay. Cv the, NNI dung rieng cho vee ta 4 d(ie trllng dja phllcmg 4x4;
NN2 dung cho vec ta dgc trllng loan cite 8x8; NN3 dung cho vee ta
d{ic trllng bi!u diln bien clla chil.
Tung m~ng se dU'(,1c
hua'n luy~n vai 5460 m~u chil va dU'(,1ckiem
tra tren 2340 m~u chu va ding th1,ichi~n tren may Pentiumll-PC 266
MHz. Vdi phU'dng phap nay, m6i m~ng se hlnh thanh quye't dinh
thong qua tieu chuifn rieng cua no.
Sau khi hua'n luy~n ca ba mgng Naron vdi cac d~c trU'ng rieng
bi~t. GA du(,1cdung .de Hm ra nhilng tham s6 t6i u'u cho vi~c ke't h(,1p
cac m~ng. Quh the ban dh vdi 100 ca the, m6i ca the chl1'a840 bit
(3x35x8). Nhilng tham s6 tie'n hoa dU'(,1cdung trong thit nghi~m nay
18
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