Tài liệu Wts_6_pts

Predetermined Time Standards Work and Time Studies Vietnamese German University Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert 2016 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 1 Predetermined time standards Contents Predetermined time standards Methods–Time Measurement (MTM)  MTM-1  MTM-2  MTM-3  MTM-V  MTM-C  MTM-M  Specialized MTM systems Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 2 Predetermined time standards Contents Predetermined time standards Methods–Time Measurement (MTM)  MTM-1 » MTM-1 analysis » MTM-1 basic motions » MTM-1 simultaneous motions » MTM-1 coding • Coding “reach” • Coding “grasp” • Coding “move” • Coding “position” • Coding “release” » Exercise Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 3 Predetermined time standards Predetermined time standards (PTS) Methods to break down manual, worker influenced workflows in motion elements and assign standard time values to them Aim at defining the time needed for operations by derivation from preset standards of time for various motions without direct observation and measurement. Derived as a result of studying a large sample of diversified operations Times established for basic human motions (classified according to the nature of the motion and the conditions under which they are done) are used to build up the time for a job at defined levels of performance Also called predetermined motion-time systems (PMTS) Bruder 2012 Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 4 Predetermined time standards Example of use: Operation of electrical switches Analysis using MTM 1 Schlick 2005 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 5 Predetermined time standards Comparison of different tools for turning a screw Screws are isolated with means of an oscillating grate Hand Supply: Manual Time required: 100% Hand Supply: Manual Time required: 80% Britzke et al. 1989 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 6 Predetermined time standards Applications of PTS Design of the working system • Planning of the operation process • Optimization of the operating process • Design of tools and equipment • Design of the manufacture Time determination Work instruction • Formation of planned times • Determination of standard time for performance-related remuneration • Pre-costing • Description of the operating processes for education and instruction materials Schlick 2005 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 7 Predetermined time standards Advantages Determination of execution times already in the planning phase Permits establishing methods and standards in advance of actual production Employees can already be trained previous to the implementation of a new operating process Optimization of work processes No performance assessment of the workers is needed Forces detailed and accurate descriptions of the workplace layout; motion patterns; and shape, size, and fit of components and tools Permits easy and accurate adjustments of time standards to accommodate minor changes in method Deutsche MTM-Vereinigung Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 8 Predetermined time standards Disadvantages The analysis effort is relatively high For the PTS analysis trained personnel is needed Depends on complete and accurate descriptions of the required methods for the accuracy of the time standard More difficult to explain to workers and supervisors Must use stopwatch or standard data for process-controlled and machine-controlled elements Deutsche MTM-Vereinigung Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 9 Predetermined time standards Historic milestones in the development of PTS Schlick 2005 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 10 Predetermined time standards PTS systems Sets of motion–time tables with explanatory rules and instructions on the use of the motion–time values Considerable training is required to earn certification before analysts are allowed to apply the Work-Factor, MTM, or MOST systems Differences Levels and scope of application of data Motion classification Time units Adding contingency allowances or not Scope of application Universal or generic Functional Specific Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 13 Predetermined time standards Universal systems Designed for body members in general Application is not restricted to any specific type of work Motion descriptions only identify the body member being used Use generic terms like reach, transport, grasp, walk Examples of universal systems MTM-1 to MTM-3 Work-Factor MOST MODAPTS Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 14 Predetermined time standards Functional systems Define motion element times for a particular type of activity, e.g. Clerical work (MTM-C) Uses of microscopes (MTM-M) The element names indicate the function for which the system was developed, e.g. FILE is a common element name in office work environments Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 15 Predetermined time standards Specific systems Motion–time tables constructed for specific operations or work areas, e.g. Standard motion–time tables for electronic tests (MTM-TE) Measurement of one-of-a-kind and small-lot production (MTM-MEK) Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 16 Methods–Time Measurement (MTM) MTM Association Established in 1951 with the purpose to promote the use of MTM-based work measurement in industry Research by the MTM Association and its sister organizations has led to the continual expansion of the family of MTM analysis tools in use today. Nowadays, more than 30 MTM Associations around the world provide training, certification, and software. These non-profit associations are all part of the International MTM Directorate (IMD). MTM became the first widely used predetermined time system. Over 80% of all work standards developed with a predetermined time analyzing system are developed with MTM systems. MTM Association 2016 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 17 Methods–Time Measurement (MTM) MTM Systems The original MTM system is now known as MTM-1 Subsequent modifications to provide easier and quicker systems by condensing and reducing the number of motion options and time values: MTM-2 and MTM-3 are examples of second-level and thirdlevel MTM data In addition, the MTM family of systems include MTM-V MTM-C MTM-M MTM-TE MTM-MEK MTM-UAS Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 18 MTM-1 Fundamental motions REACH MOVE TURN GRASP POSITION DISENGAGE RELEASE Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 19 MTM-1 Fundamental motions Some fundamental motions are categorized into different distinct cases, based on factors that affect motion times, such as distance, weight of the object, and type of motion: 5 cases of REACH 3 cases of MOVE 2 cases of RELEASE 18 cases of POSITION Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 20 MTM-1 Application of the MTM basic method (MTM-1) Mass production in large batches Limited model variety Short-cycle processes Exactly defined basic conditions Experienced, highly trained employees Workstations designed with focus on detail Deutsche MTM-Vereinigung Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 21 MTM-1 The tabulated values do not include any allowances Proponents of the MTM-1 system state that recovery times are not needed in most applications because the time values are based on a work rate that can be sustained at steady state for the working life of a healthy employee. Salvendy 2001 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 22