Tài liệu Wts_2_act_time_types

Activity and time categories Work and Time Studies Vietnamese German University Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert 2016 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 1 Activity and time types Contents Work system Activity categories Setting up and executing Influenceability of work flows Activity categories for the working person Activity categories for the production facilities Activity categories for the work piece Time categories Actual and standard times Target times  Oder time  Occupation time Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 2 Work system Environment Stress Task Result Person Person Individual Individual characteristics characteristics and and abilities abilities Tools Strain Feedback Bubb 2014 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 3 Work system Elements of work systems Relationships System System elements Environment Schlick et al. 2010 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 4 Work system Job order Objective / purpose / goal Input Materials Information Energy Working person(s) Work effect task Work equipment Devices, tools effect Output retroaction retroaction Work objects Working materials Results of process Quantity Quality Environmental influences Social / organizational | Physical / chemical Schlick et al. 2010 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 5 Work system Schlick 2005 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 6 Work system Autonomous production cells as a work system • Raw products • Semi-finished products • Clamping devices • Production planning tasks • Executing production tasks • Inspection tasks for quality assurance • Interference management • General maintenance tasks Final product Computer-aided machine tools • Fluctuation of order situation • Varying quality of raw resp. semi-finished products • Temporally changing states of machines and tools Schlick 2005 Setting of key values for production control: • Quantity structures • Capacity utilizations • Arranged deadlines Skilled workers with complete scope of tasks (planning, executing, controlling) Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 7 Work system Exercise Sketch a simple work system of you typing an email. Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 8 Work system © Jan Dul, Keynote at IEA 2012 Recife, Brazil 15/02/2012 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 9 Work system © Jan Dul, Keynote at IEA 2012 Recife, Brazil 15/02/2012 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 10 Work system © Jan Dul, Keynote at IEA 2012 Recife, Brazil 15/02/2012 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 11 Work system Customer service in Europe Designed in USA Made in China © Jan Dul, Keynote at IEA 2012 Recife, Brazil 15/02/2012 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 12 Work system Structure Environment Achieved goal Defined goal Workspace O1 Management system Person Person Executive information system Work result Work task Execution system Person Person Work equipment Workspace O2 Work object Disturbance Schlick et al. 2010 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 13 Work system Basic qualities, forms of work Basic quantities  Working people: AP={M1, M2, ...}  Work equipment: AM={AM1, AM2, ...}  Work object: AO={AO1, AO2, ...}  Workspace: O={O1,O2, ...} Forms of work  Individual work: |AP|=1  Cooperative work: |AP|>1  Distributed work: O1 ∩ O2 = Ø  Spatial association: O1 ∩ O2 ≠ Ø  Self-control(also self-regulation): M1=M2  External control: M1≠M2 Work classification system • Non-material work system (service system): m=m‘ • Material work system (production system): m≠m‘ • Mechanized work system: If E2 contains technologically produced energy forms • Automated work system: If I1 or I2 contains technically produced information Schlick et al. 2010 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 14 Work system Economic evaluation Effectiveness: „doing the right things“ vs. Efficiency: „doing things right“ Economic evaluation  Value-added labor system: value(output) > value(input)  Value-neutral labor system(ex. Transport): value(output) = value(input)  Value-lost labor system(ex. Rejections): value(output) < value(input)  Effective labor system: (defined goal – achieved goal)2 < ɛ2 (ɛ: Target range for time, cost, quality, etc.)  Ineffective labor system: (defined goal – achieved goal)2 > ɛ2  Efficient labor system: (defined goal – achieved goal)2 < ɛ2 ^ value(input) min  Inefficient labor system: (defined goal – achieved goal)2 < ɛ2 ^ value(input) is not minimal Schlick et al. 2010 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 15 Activity categories Purpose For the recording and assessment of the occurrences in the work system, the work process of the whole system as well as of the system elements working person, production facilities, and workpiece is broken down into activity categories and analyzed. These categories are a base for several analysis, e.g. Set-up time minimization Determination of optimization potentials Increase of values creation Determination and reduction of unplanned activities Multiple machine operation REFA 2013 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 16 Set up and execution On duty Set up R Execute A Setting-up is the preparation of the work system for fulfilling the work task and (if needed) the reinstatement of the work system in the original state, e.g. read drawing, get and bring back tools, set up machine, etc. REFA 1997 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 17 Influenceability of workflows In uninfluenceable processes the processing time can not be influenced by the worker, if he complies to the given working methods. In fully influenceable processes the processing time does only depend on the worker. Uninfluenceable Activity MT Fully influenceable Influenceable Conditionally influenceable In conditionally influenceable processes the processing time can only be influenced by the worker up to that level of leeway that the given working methods offer. REFA 1997 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 18 Influenceability of workflows Examples Fully influenceable  Mount parts  Change wheel  Read drawings Conditionally influenceable     Uninfluenceable Braze Weld Drive a car Check bottles on a conveyer  Supervise instruments on a control desk  Automatized conveyer belt  Process fully controlled by machines REFA 1997 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 19 Activity categories Types of activity categories When production procedures and processes are classified according to … the working person, the activities of one employee within a specific time period are analyzed the production facilities, the status of the machines, equipment etc. is regarded the product or work piece, which is manufactured, the production cycle of an assembly or product is analyzed If needed, also a categorization of the information flow is possible. Schlick 2005 REFA 2013 Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 20