Đăng ký Đăng nhập
Trang chủ Thực hành quyền công tố trong điều tra các tội giết người theo pháp luật tố tụng...

Tài liệu Thực hành quyền công tố trong điều tra các tội giết người theo pháp luật tố tụng hình sự việt nam tt tiếng anh

.PDF
33
27
69

Mô tả:

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES L NGUYEN QUOC HAN EXERCISING THE RIGHT TO PUBLIC PROSECUTION IN INVESTIGATING MURDER UNDER THE VIETNAMESE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW Major: Criminal Law and Criminal Proceedings Major code: 9.38.01.04 SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN LAW Hanoi - 2019 The dissertation completed at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Huyen Reviewer 1: Prof. Dr. Bui Minh Thanh Reviewer 2: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Van Do Reviewer 3: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Đo Thị Phương The dissertation will be defended at Graduate Academy Level Council of dissertation assessment at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi. Time: ………… date ………. month …… …year 2019 The dissertation may be found at: - Vietnam National Library; - Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Library INTRODUCTION 1. The necessity of the research topic Exercising the right to public prosecution is one of the two important functions of the People’s Procuracy stipulated by Article 107 of the 2013 Consitituion and Article 3 of the 2014 Law on organization of the People’s Procuracy. Implementing the renovation policy of the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th National Party Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and implementing the objectives of judicial reform set out in Resolution No. 49-NQ/TW dated 02 June 2005, considering organizational reform and trial activities as the concentrated mission. In which, the objectives of reforming the Procuracy sector, that is “In the short term, the People’s Procuracy will retain its current function of exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising judicial activities. The People's Procuracy is organized in accordance with the court’s organizational system, strengthening public prosecutor’s responsibility in investigating”. In recent years, there have been increasing the number of murders with serious nature and sophisticated tricks. Before such development, the People’s Procuracy sector has made great efforts to improve its responsibility in exercising the right to public prosecution for criminal cases in general, murder cases in particular, ensuring handling right person, right crime and right law. However, because there are still a number of officials, procurators who are limited in their knowledge and awareness on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder, especially awareness on their positions, roles and responsibilities in exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder, this leads to low efficiency and revealing many limitations and weaknesses. From different legal awareness, there is no uniform on how to understand and apply the law 1 in the process of solving cases, leading to the application of criminal laws of the procedural bodies at each time and place is different in finding out what is the boundary between “murder” and crime of “killing someone else in an intense agitated state”, “killing someone else due to exceed the limits of legitimate self-defense or exceed the necessity when arresting offenders”. So as to apply the law correctly. From this fact, it is necessary to examine and clarify the theoretical and practical issues on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. For such reason, the author has been conducting research work titled “Exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law” as his doctoral dissertation in law. 2. Research purpose and tasks 2.1. Research purpose The study aims to clarify the theoretical and practical issues on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law. Proposing solutions to improve the efficiency of this work in the coming time. 2.2. Research tasks Reviewing literature at home and abroad related to the dissertation, determing the content that needs to be further examined. Clarifying theoretical issues and contents of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder, as well as the formation and development of regulations on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. Building up basic argumetns about murder and exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the provisions of the existing criminal procedure Code. Surveying actual state of the People’s Procuracy in exercising the right to public 2 prosecution in investigating murder over the years. Finding out causes of advantages and disadvantages so as to propose solutions. 3. Research subject and scope 3.1. Research subject - Firstly, scientific research projects, monographs, articles of scientists and scholars at home and abroad. - Secondly, the Party and State’s viewpoints on the functions of exercising the right to public prosecution of the People's Procuracy and the fighting against murders; Vietnam’s legal system in the field of exercising the right to public prosecution of the People's Procuracy towards murder; the contents and modes of exercising the right to public prosecution. Providing provisions of the Vietnamese law on related concepts. - Thirdly, analyzing the situation of murder and organization of the People's Procuracy in implementing the function of exercising the right to public prosecution for murder and evaluating its results. - Fourthly, proposing measures. 3.2. Research scope - Regarding contents: exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder by the People’s Procuracy. - Spatially and research time: exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder by Department of exercising the right to public prosecution and supervision of the investigation of the social order (Department 2); the Supreme People’s Procuracy of Vietnam, the Office of exercising the right to public prosecution and supervision of the investigation and first instance trial of the social order cases (Office 1 or 2); the People’s Procuracies at the provincial and district levels across the country within 10 years (2009-2018). 3 - For the procedural stage: beginning from prosecuting criminal cases until the end of the investigation when the Investigation Agency has passed documents through the Procuracy to prosecute the accused or suspending the investigation. 4. Methodology and research methods 4.1. Methodology The dissertation utilizes methodology of historical and dialectical materialism of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s thought and the Party and State’s viewpoints in the fighting against crime in general and murder in particular. 4.2. Research methods The dissertation utilizes methods of collecting and researching data; methods of analysis, synthesis, statistics, comparison, forecast and surveys to analyze, review cases of murder in practice. The study also uses methods of typical research and expert’s opinion. 5. New contributions of the dissertation - Supplementing and perfecting theoretical issues on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder; providing concepts, contents and basic methods of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder; analyzing and clarifying typical signs of murder. - Analyzing the actual state of the provisions of the law on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. Surveying, statistics, assessing situation and examining some activities of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder in the period 2009-2018. Thenceforth, the study seeks to analyze and withdraw the achieved results, and clarifying limitations, weaknesses 4 and its causes so as to propose solutions to improve the efficiency of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. 6. Theoretical and practical significance of the dissertation 6.1. Theoretically The dissertation contributes to supplementing and perfecting the theory of criminal procedure science and legal science; unifying awareness of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder; to clearly define mission between exercising the right to public prosecution and supervision activities in murder cases, contributing to improving the efficiency of investigation agencies and Procuracy in the fighting against murder. 6.2. Practically The dissertation can be used as reference for intensive training and retraining of inspection; and for investigation agencies and Procuracy in issuing regulations on interdisciplinary cooperation in the fighting against crimes in general. It also provides basic knowledge of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder for the Procuracies; as reference for competent agencies when amending and supplementing Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code of Vietnam; as reference for Procuracies, authorities and students in investigating murder. 7. Structure of the dissertation Besides the introduction and conclusion and references the dissertation includes 4 chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review Chapter 2: Theoretical issues and law on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law 5 Chapter 3: Actual state of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law Chapter 4: Requirements and solutions to improve the quality of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW In the world, the impact of the prosecutor to exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating criminal cases in each country is different in terms of functions and tasks but all prosecutors are in charged of prosecution functions and exercising the right to public prosecution in the period of investigating criminal crimes in general and murder in particular. Chapter 1 consists of 3 sections which divided into 9 sub-sections aim to examine, analyze and clarify research situation related to functions of exercising the right to public prosecution of the People’s Procuracy, exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder at home and aboard. 1.1. Foreign research works 1.1.1. Intensive research works on the functions and duties of the procuracy Monographs: “The Unity and Diversity of the Public Prosecution Service in Europe” by Tony Paul Marguery (2008); “Comparative Analysis of Prosecution Systems” by Dr. Despina Kyprianou (2008). Research reports and papers: Research report on the organization and operation of the Japanese Judicial system (2010); Research report on the organizational structure and functions of the judicial system in five countries: China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea and Russia by William E Buttler. “The Function of Public Prosecution from a European 6 Comparative Perspective - How International Research Can Contribute to the Development of Criminal Justice” by Jorg-Martin Jehle (2005). 1.1.2. Research works on murder and investigating murder - Monograph: “The Need to Kill: Inside the World of the Serial Killer”, “Serial Murder: An Elusive Phenomenon” by Steven Egger (2003). - Books, reports, in-depth studies on murder and investigating this crime: “Improving the Investigation of Violent Crime: The Homicide Investigation and Tracking System” by Robert D. Keppel & Joseph G. Weis, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Public Domain, 1992; “Murder and vengeance among the gods” by John Lindow, Soumalainen Tiedeakatemia, Acadenia Scientiarum Fennica, 1997; “Unrestrained killings and the law” by Stanley Yeo, Oxford University Prees, USA,1998; “Criminal investigation” by Bruce L.Berg and John J.Horgan, McGraw – Hill Humanities/Scocial, 1998. 1.2. Domestic research works Exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder is an intensive topic about a group of crime. The author introduces some research works related to the dissertation as follows: 1.2.1. Research works on procedural models of countries around the world Some studies on specific issues directly related to the dissertation such as: “Examining criminal procedure law of the Federal Republic of Germany” by Nguyen Thi Thu Quy, Scientific & Procuratorial Information; “Examining criminal procedure law of Japan” by MA. Lai Thi Thu Ha, Scientific & Procuratorial Information; “Criminal proceedings model of some countries in the world” by Dr. Nguyen Duc Minh, Scientific & Procuratorial Information. 7 + In some countries: Russian Federation, China, the criminal procedure model of England and Wales. 1.2.2. Research works on the right to public prosecution, exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating criminal cases in general and murder in particular Doctoral dissertations: “The right to public prosecution in Vietnam” by Dr. Le Thi Tuyet Hoa (2002); “Murder in the Vietnamese criminal law today” by Dr. Do Duc Hong Ha (2008); “The powers of procurators under the criminal procedure law of Vietnam and Russia” by Mai Dac Bien; “Supervising the observance of the law in investigating murder cases” by Dr. Le Duc Xuan (2016). 1.2.3. Research works on the position and role of the People’s Procuracy - Monographs: “Speeches and articles of Party and State leaders on People's Procuracy”, Supreme People’s Procuracy (ed. 2015); “Restrictions of the State power” by Prof. Dr. Nguyen Dang Dung (2005); “Modern crime and crime prevention” by Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Yem, Public Security Publishing House; “Exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising judicial activities in the period of investigation” by Dr. Le Huu The (ed.), Justice Publishing House, 2013; “Technical cooperation in the field of law between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Japan” (2006); “Handbook of Prosecutors, Volume 1”, Justice Publishing House; “Issues on Constitution and constitutional amendment” by Prof. Dr. Nguyen Dang Dung (ed.); “About the Procuracy of Vietnam” by Prof. Dr. Le Cam, Prosecutorial Magazine, No. 21/2011. - Books: “Skills of exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising compliance with the law in criminal proceedings” by 8 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Huyen (ed.) (2006, amended and supplemented in 2012). “The functions and duties of the People’s Procuracy in the stage of investigating criminal cases” by Pham Hong Quan, Journal of Law Science, No. 28/2012. 1.2.4. Research works on the relationship between the People’s Procuracy and the investigation agencies in investigating criminal cases - “Criminal procedure model of Vietnam” by the Party Committee of Supreme People’s Procuracy, Project 7 (2011; “Scientific commentary of the Ministry of Criminal Procedure” by Prof. Dr. Vo Khanh Vinh (2012); “The role of the People’s Procuracy in exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising judicial activities in the stage of investigating criminal cases under Resolution No. 08-NQ/TW of the Politburo” by Dr. Le Huu The, the Ministry-level scientific project. “Murder and the fighting against this crime in southern provinces/cities: situations, causes and solutions” by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pham Hong Cu, chairman of ministerial-level scientific project; “The relationship between Investigation agencies and Procuracy in the Vietnamese criminal proceedings” by Nguyen Tien Son, doctoral dissertation. “Some experiences in exercising the right to public prosecution and investigation of murder cases” by Vu Viet Hung (2010); “Situations and solutions to improve the quality of supervising and examining the scene and corpses in settling cases of infringing social order” by Vu Viet Hung (2011). 1.3. General assessment of the research situation related to the dissertation and the issues that need to be further examined 1.3.1. The resolved issues related to the dissertation 1.3.1.1. Evaluating foreign research works 9 Countries around the world determine that, it is necessary to have activities of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating criminal cases. This can be seen as relationship and coordination between two agencies, in which, a one-way covenanted relationship of the Prosecutor. The criminal procedure model of German and Vietnam is similarities and also has certain positive and limited aspects. Although the German Criminal Procedure Law is different from Vietnam’s law in litigation, democracy and equality in the court but also has many similarities and outstanding progress points, so Vietnam should learn to improve position of the Procuracy. 1.3.1.2. Evaluating domestic research works Domestic research works have not been examined comprehensively and intensively in terms of theory and practice of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder; there are not specific measures, contents, process and authority to exercise the right to public prosecution in investigating murder, as well as characteristics, contents of relations between functions of exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising the compliance with the law in investigating murder; not yet clarified theoretical issue of the People’s Procuracy on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. Comparing regulations on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law with other countries to discover the shortcoming of regulations on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law and pointing out limitations of applying in practice so as to propose solutions to improve the quality of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. 10 1.3.2. Hypothesis and research questions The author gives the following hypotheses: Theoretical issues, concept of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder, subject and scope of exercising the right to public prosecution; the relationship between exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising judicial activities. From these inconsistencies, leading to the quality of exercising the right to public prosecution of the People’s Procuracy in investigating murder for 10 years (2009-2018). Actual state of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder in recent years. The review and withdraw lessons to find out the causes of limitations and weaknesses so as to propose solutions. The author also gives the following research questions: the concept of exercising the right to public prosecution? The concept of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder? Subject and scope of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder? Characteristics of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder? Contents of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder? The relationship between exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising investigation of murder? How Vietnam’s law regulates to exercise the right to public prosecution in investigating murder cases? How is the actual state of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder? What are specific solutions to improve the quality of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder? 1.3.3. The issues that need to be further examined and addressed - Reasoning of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder, in which, the concept of the right to public prosecution in investigating murder and clarifying characteristics, 11 objects and scope of exercising the right to public prosecution, and analyzing the contents of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. - The formation and development of the current provisions of the criminal procedure law on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. - Exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder in some countries around the world. - Achievements and limitations of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law over 10 years (2009-2018). - The causes of the limitations. - Providing viewpoints to improve the quality of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. - Predicting situation and providing solutions of improving the law to enhance the quality of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. Sub-conclusion: research works at home and abroad are a very useful material source so that the author can make hypothesis, research questions and issues that need to be further examined. Compare to theoretical system of political and legal basis for the exercise of the right to public prosecution; clarifying contents of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law in the next chapters. Chapter 2 THEORETICAL ISSUES AND LAW ON EXERCISING THE RIGHT TO PUBLIC PROSECUTION IN INVESTIGATING 12 MURDER UNDER THE VIETNAMESE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW Chapter 2 consists of 2 sections and 4 sub-sections, presenting theoretical issues and adjustment of the law in exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law. Prior to the 2015 Penal Code and the existing Criminal Procedure Law on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder (from 2015 to present). The provisions of the law of some countries around the world on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder and lessons for Vietnam. 2.1. Theoretical issues on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder 2.1.1. Concept and characteristics of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder 2.1.1.1. Concept of the right to public prosecution and exercising the right to public prosecution There are 5 different perspectives on the right to public prosecution, according to the author, the fifth viewpoint is most appropriate: The right to public prosecution in Vietnam is the right of the state to assign the People's Procuracy to perform tasks and powers under the law to detect crimes, to impute criminal blame to defendants and protecting accusations at the trial. Exercising the right to public prosecution is defined as using legal measures by the People’s Procuracy to impute criminal blame to offenders and judge them at the court and protect the accusation. 2.1.1.2. Concept and legal signs of murder * General concept of murder: Murder is defined as an act that is dangerous for society and stipulated by Criminal Code, is committed by 13 a person who has the criminal capacity, deliberately deprive the lives of someone else in an unlawful manner and must be criminally judged. * Legal signs of murder: Murder has the following legal signs: Object, objective, subjective and subject of murder. * Issues need to prove in the murder cases: The issues that must be proved in the case of murder must be based on the issues that need to be demonstrated in the criminal case stipulated by Article 63 of the 2003 Criminal Procedure Code (Article 85 of the 2015 Criminal Procedure Code) and elements that constitute murder stipulated by Articles 123, 124, 125 and 126 of the 2015 Criminal Code. * Subjects of investigating and contents of investigating murder cases 2.1.1.3. The concept and characteristics of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder * Definition: Exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder is defined as activities of the People’s Procuracy in criminal proceedings to impute the blame to the offenders by the State, and is implemented during the process of prosecution and investigation of criminal cases of murder. * Characteristics of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder First, exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder is the exercise of state power. Second, exercising the right to public prosecution of the People’s Procuracy in investigating murder must comply with the provisions of the law on order and procedures. Third, exercising the right to public prosecution of the People’s 14 Procuracy in investigating murder is an urgent and timely activity. Fourth, exercising the right to public prosecution of the People’s Procuracy in investigating murder is a strict, prudent and accurate activity. Fifth, exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder has separate characteristics. 2.1.1.4. Contents of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder - Exercising the right to public prosecution to prosecute criminal cases, changing decision to prosecute criminal cases of murder; - Exercising the right to public prosecution, making decisions not to prosecute criminal cases of murder; resolving requests for prosecution of criminal cases of the trial board; - Reviewing the approval of decision to prosecute defendants and deciding to change or supplement the decision to prosecute the defendants of murder; - Exercising the right to public prosecution, the application of changes, cancellation of preventive measures; - Exercising the right to public prosecution to investigation activities; - Exercising the right to public prosecution, the application of special procedure investigation. 2.1.2. The relationship between exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising the investigation of murder Exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising the investigation of murder are two independent functions but they have close, dialectical and mutual interaction. 2.2. The provisions of Vietnamese law on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder 15 2.2.1. Prior to the 2015 Criminal Procedure Code The prosecution function is manifested throughout periods: Initially, it is stipulated by Decree No. 33 dated September 13, 1945 of the State President. It is the first legal document regulating the prosecution function of Democratic Republic of Vietnam to the 1946 Constitution; Decree No. 103-SL dated June 5, 1950, on judicial agencies and judicial activities; Decree No. 256/TTg (ND 256) dated July 1, 1959 of the Prime Minister promulgating the tasks and organization of the Prosecutor Institute. The function of prosecution, the right to investigate criminal offenders, the task of supervising the law observance in the investigation of the investigation agency, tasks of the People's Procuracy in exercising the right to public prosecution in general and in investigating murder in particular; the law on organization of the People’s Procuracy in 1960 was issued and stipulated functions, tasks and organization of the People's Procuracy; the 1980 Constitution; law on organization of the People’s Procuracy 1981, the 1988 criminal procedure code; law on organization of the People’s Procuracy 2002; the 2003 criminal procedure code. 2.2.2. The provisions of the existing criminal procedure law on the right to public prosecution in investigating murder (from 2015 to present) Article 165 of the 2015 criminal procedure code continues to stipulate duties and powers of the Procuracy when exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating criminal cases in general, and in investigating murder of the People’s Procuracy (10 duties and powers). Problems in the period 2003-2014 are now recorded and clearly stated in prosecute the case and applying special procedural investigation methods. The 2015 criminal procedure code added more 5 16 activities that prosecutors must directly control that are confrontation, identification, voice recognition, search and investigation; applying preventive measures, time for temporary detention during investigation period. Sub-conclusion: by analyzing and comparing, this chapter explains the most basic theoretical issues on the right to public prosecution, exercising the right to public prosecution, it then clarifies the concept, characteristics, subject and scope of exercising the right to public prosecution of the People’s Procuracy in investigating murder. Analyzing the relationship between the two functions of the People's Procuracy is exercising the right to public prosecution and supervising the compliance with the law in investigating murder, and mentioning the law of some countries around the world on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder so as to withdraw lessons for Vietnam, especially the contents of the criminal procedure law, criminal law that consistent with the law in the region and the world to ensure international cooperation in the struggle and handling criminal offenses in general and murder in particular. In addition, this chapter also analyzes and assesses the development of the law on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder under the Vietnamese criminal procedure law in order to clarify the advantages of the legislative techniques of our country, and it also analyzes the provisions of the existing law on exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. This research results are important prerequisites for analyzing situation of exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder in chapter 3 and recommendation in chapter 4. Chapter 3 17 ACTUAL STATE OF EXERCISING THE RIGHT TO PUBLIC PROSECUTION IN INVESTIGATING MURDER UNDER THE VIETNAMESE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW This chapter consists of 4 sections and 10 sub-sections, it analyzes and clarifies situation of murder and criminal characteristics of murder cases nationwide from 2009 to 2018 relating to exercising the right to public prosecution in investigating murder. By surveying and referring statistics of the Supervision sector, this chapter evaluates the situation of exercising the right to public prosecution of the People’s Procuracy at all levels in investigating murder over the past 10 years. 3.1. The situation and characteristics of murder in Vietnam in recent years 3.1.1. The situation of murder Over the past 10 years, the situation of murder in Vietnam has increasingly complicated and erratically increased and decreased yearon-year, with the sophisticated nature and trick of crime. Regarding area: focusing mainly in big cities, key economic areas and crowded areas. The more dangerous nature, killers performed brutally by the prepared trick and sophisticated concealment of behavior. Regarding motives: Killers made with different motives and purposes. 3.1.2. Characteristics of murder 3.1.2.1. Characteristics of offenders There is a diversity of gender, age and occupation of the offenders is also different. 3.1.2.2. Trickery, tools and means of committing crime Trickery, tools and means of committing crimes in the murder cases depend on the type of intent or without the intent of the offenders. 18
- Xem thêm -

Tài liệu liên quan