Tài liệu The influence of mobile texts on the use of native language

CAN THO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SIENCES AND HUMANITIES ENGLISH DEPARTMENT THE INFLUENCES OF MOBILE TEXTS ON THE USE OF NATIVE LANGUAGE B.A. THESIS Supervisor: Đào Minh Trung, M.A Researcher: Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Hạnh Code: 7118711 Class: HG11V1A1 Course:37 Can Tho, September 2014 1 DECLARATION This thesis named “The Influence of Mobile Texts on the use of Native Language” is done thanks to the guidance of Mr. Đào Minh Trung, an English instructor of Department of English, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Can Tho University. I hereby declare that this thesis is my original work and it has been written by me in its entirely. I have acknowledged all the source of information which have been used in the thesis. Can Tho, December 2nd, 2014 Researcher‟s signature Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Hạnh 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me through the course of this thesis. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice during the project work. I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to the project. First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Đào Minh Trung, who has supported me throughout my thesis with his patience and knowledge whilst allowing me the room to work in my own way. I attribute the level of my Bachelor degree to his encouragement and effort and without him this thesis, too, would not have been completed or written. Special thanks goes to my friends Phương Khánh, Thanh Vàng, Thái Quyên, Trang Nhã and Noah for their advice, their continuous support and their tolerance during the writing of this report, without your moral support and love I could not have made it until the end. I would like to dedicate this work to my beloved parents who always believed in me, always were there and will always be whenever I need them. I owe you everything. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. i ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 1.1. ......................................................................................................................... Rationale............................................................................................................. 1 1.2. ......................................................................................................................... R esearch aims........................................................................................................ 2 1.3. ......................................................................................................................... R esearch questions ................................................................................................ 2 1.4. ......................................................................................................................... T hesis organization ............................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................ 4 2.1. Communication .................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Some features of communication ............................................................................ 6 2.3. Purposes of communication .................................................................................... 8 2.4. Means of communication ........................................................................................ 9 4 2.5. Direct and indirect advantages of using mobile phone........................................... 10 2.6. Direct and indirect disadvantage of using mobile phone........................................ 10 2.7. Text messages of mobile phone ............................................................................ 10 2.8. Purpose of using text messages ............................................................................. 11 2.9. When we use text messages .................................................................................. 11 2.10. Some advantages of using text messages............................................................. 12 2.11. Some disadvantages of using text messages ...................................................... 12 2.12. The forms of language in text messages ............................................................ 12 2.12.1. Acronym 2.12.2. Abbreviation 2.12.3. Code 2.13. Related studies ................................................................................................ 14 2.14. Hypothesis ...................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................... 19 3.1. Research questions ............................................................................................ 19 3.2. Research design ................................................................................................ 19 3.3. Participants ....................................................................................................... 19 3.4. Research instruments ........................................................................................ 20 3.5. Procedure .......................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................... 23 4.1. Basic information ............................................................................................. 23 4.2. Factor analysis of using mobile text messages among the teenagers .................. 25 4.3. Differences in using text messages between male and female ........................... 32 5 4.4. Correlation between the average message per month and the effect of mobile message on the mother tongue ..................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION ................................................. 34 5.1. Summary of the findings ................................................................................... 34 5.2. Limitations and further research ....................................................................... 35 5.3. Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 36 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 37 APPENDICE.............................................................................................................. 41 6 LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Course ........................................................................................................ 23 Table 4.2: Gender ........................................................................................................ 24 Table 4.3: Reliability of the questionnaire ................................................................... 25 Table 4.4: The average message per month .................................................................. 26 Table 4.5: The level agree of some factors that help mobile text messages become popular ........................................................................................................ 31 Table 4.6: The level agree of some factors influence the mother tongue ...................... 32 Table 4.7: Differences in using mobile text messages between male and female .......... 33 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1: The average message per month ................................................................ 26 Figure 4.2: The average number messages of each type ............................................... 27 Figure 4.3 People who receive the most messages from the youth ............................... 38 Figure 4.4: The source that the participants get information about mobile text messages ......................................................................... 29 Figure 4.5: The level of using text messages in daily ................................................... 30 8 ABSTRACT Language is a property of a country or a nation; it reflects the culture of human. Therefore, language is very important to a country, if any country lose its languages; it means that it is going to disappear. From time immemorial, there are many tribes that do not exist until now, because they lose their language. At the risk of threatening by the new language, the researcher wants to do a thesis about the influences of mobile text message on the mother tongue. To apply this research, a questionnaire is used to collect the general ideas about the problem. After that, thirty participants are chosen randomly to interview for a clear opinion. Then, the researcher uses the SPSS.22 program to analyze the data and combine with the interview result to find an answer for two thesis questions. The result shows that mobile text messages have influence on the mother tongue, though it is not a deep effect. The students are help reduce the effect of the new language on their mother tongue and the linguistics can have the solution to deal with this problem to protect the purity of Vietnamese. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter mentions about the research rational, its aim and organization which introduces the structure of the study. 1.1. Rationale 9 Language is special gift of God to mankind (Seema 2012). Thanks to languages, people can deliver thoughts, dreams, mediations, relations, prayers and communications to others. According to BBC, there are more than 7000 different languages are spoken around the world. 90% of these languages are used by less than 100000 people. Over a million people converse in 150 – 200 languages and 46 languages have just a single speaker. Besides, with the development of our society, many new-born languages are appeared. One of them is mobile text message. Text message language first occurs in Europe countries, but the powers of Internet help text message becomes very popular all over the world. The statistic of Pew Research Internet Project shows that fully 63% of all teens say they exchange text message every day with people in their lives, 49% of teens send and receive text messages with friends every day. In Việt Nam, many teenagers also start using text language as popular as their mother language. Nga (2013) said that text message is a specific language in teenager society, so it is not effect on the mother language. Sharing the same idea with Nga, Vi (2012) think that when she used text message she can save time and money, because she does not need to type a lot and she can type everything in one message. However, the experts and linguistics have another idea about text message. Nguyễn Vĩnh Tráng, who studied MA in France, thinks that text message is the creation of the teenager and we cannot stop even if we want or not. Moreover, an associate professor of psychology Huỳnh Văn Sơn said text message is a normal phenomenal unless teenager abuse it on their daily life, daily communication. However, it seems that many teenagers do not recognize the effect of text message on their native language. As Dr. Mai Xuân Huy, text message is destroying the purity of Vietnamese, moreover if a teenager abuse text message, 10 they will have many problems in their grammar and spelling. Therefore, this research is made to find the influence of the text message on the way teenager use their mother language. 1.2. Research aims As the topic of the research is “The influence of mobile texts on the use of native language”, we have some research aims as follow:  How does the mobile text influence on the way teenagers using their mother tongue  What aspect does the Mobile Texts effects on the native language  Why do teenager enjoy using text message instead of native language 1.3. Research question The research is made base on finding the answer for those following questions:  Do students use text – message writing style in their academic writing?  To what extend does this habit influence on the use of mother tongue of students? 1.4. Thesis organization The thesis includes five chapters:  Chapter 1 includes rationale, research aims, research question and thesis organization 11  In chapter 2, the researcher presents the definition of communication, means of communication, and text messages of Mobile phone. Moreover, some related studies and the hypothesis of the research are also mentioned.  Chapter 3 does consist of research design, participants, research instruments, and procedure.  In chapter 4 is about result and discussions the way data were analyzed  Chapter 5 focuses on the conclusion. Besides, some weaknesses and suggestions for the future study are also so pointed out. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter focuses on the concept of communication, its elements and forms. Some related studies are also introduced. 2.1. Communication 2.1.2. Definition 12 Communication is simply understood as the exchange information between two parties. There are no exact definitions of communication, each linguist or expert tries to approach “communication” in one aspect or another. Ted Slater (1993) defined communication as the means that help people understand the others by talking, writing, or moving (p.1). And David Berlo‟s (1960) definition based on the process of communication “dynamic, ongoing, ever changing, and continuous”. In Oxford Advanced Learner‟s dictionary (7th edition), communication is the „process of conveying messages to the others by expressing ideas or feelings.‟ 2.1.2. Some kinds of communication Communication is classified in many ways based on the context of the communications or the environment where the communication takes place. Moreover, the setting can demonstrate how many people take part in the conversation and the level of consciousness with which communicators exchange messages. It means that the conversation is formal or informal. Although we have many ways to sort communications, there are some popular ways that many authors follow. In Introduction to Communication (2011) of Editorial Board, they give six settings, including: (1) Intrapersonal; (2) Interpersonal; (3) Mediated Communication; (4) Small group; (5) Public Communication; (6) Virtual (Mass) Communication However, in Human Communication, Judy Pearson, Paul Nelson, Scott Titsworth and Lynn Harter (2003) classify only five contexts, consisting of (1) Intrapersonal; (2) Communication and Interpersonal with two sub-items: Dyadic Small – group Communication; (3) Public Communication; (4) Computer – Mediated Communication; and (5) virtual (mass) communication. 13 The concepts related to kinds of communication are taken from the book Human Communication (2003) and some notions will be discussed as follow. 2.1.3. Intrapersonal Intrapersonal is the basic types of communication which occurs within a single person. In the research conducted in 2009, Dr. Patrick pointed out that intrapersonal is the process to transfer information “from the external world to the internal or psychic world” (p.37) by sensory channels. This process usually occurs in unconscious, for example, when people thinking or making decision. 2.1.4. Interpersonal Unlike intrapersonal, interpersonal happen between at least two people involve in the conversation. Interpersonal could easily be construed as your daily conversation with your parents, friends, siblings, And it can be describe as the way that the sender and the receiver changing ideas or feelings to each others. Interpersonal communicate includes every kinds of communication that can exchange information such as verbal, nonverbal, gesture and so on. Moreover, interpersonal is the foundation of some others types of communication as mediated communication, small – group communication, public communication and virtual communication. 2.1.5. Mediated Communication In the machine age, most of people activities are helped by the machine and a new kinds of communication appeared in this field call mediated communication. As their name reveals, mediated communication is communication that is facilitated by something in the middle of. For example, there are many kinds of mediated communication theses day: cell phones, blogs, social media, instant messages, chat rooms, and email. Thanks to the 14 development of technology, mediated communication becomes a very important part in human life. 2.1.6. Small Group Communication Small group communication is the special types for a group of at least three people and no more than twenty people. The most important demand of this type of communication is all group‟s member has to share one common goal, and that means one says or does can affect the whole group. Therefore, they are interdependences and they belong to the group. 2.1.7. Public Communication If small group communication is limited at twenty people, public communication typically applies to groups of twenty or more. In public communication, the role of the speaker and the audience are deeply separated, the speaker will be the source and they try to convince, persuade the audience follow their opinion, while the audience have the right to judge the speaker‟s speech. 2.1.8. Virtual (Mass) Communication In this communication, the speaker will use some special channel to convey their opinion to the audience, and the audience cannot give their feedback to the speaker. However, one of outstanding strength of the virtual communication is the speaker can speak to a huge number of audiences in the same time 2.2. Some features of communication: There are six main features of communication: 2.2.1. Communication is irreversible Communication is the process that people cannot stop or change. However, it is very important to think carefully before speaking or 15 texting, especially when people are anger or out of control for there is no way to take back what has been spoken or texted. 2.2.2. Communication is inevitable From the ancient times, people had the need to communicate, and it was the law of nature. It is a strong need of human beings because people have to exchange information for many purposes in their lives so that they can survive and develop. Communication is not only verbal, but also non verbal. Although sometimes people do not speak, it does not mean that they do not communicate. Communication can occur through gestures, facial expressions or body language. Even if someone keeps silent, others still believe that that person is angry and does not want to communicate, but actually that person has sent a message that “I am anger, stay away from me”. 2.2.3. Communication is multidimensional In reality, when people are in a conversation, they not only just speak but express their attitude through facial expressions or gestures. Therefore, human beings use both verbal and non verbal communication in one conversation, which is why this kind of communication is called multidimensional. 2.2.4. Communication is transactional Everybody has their own culture, education, self – esteem, attitudes and background; and when they communicate, they base on these factors to make clear the conversation. And this is transactional communication. In this process, sending and receiving message can happen at the same time. 16 2.2.5. Verbal and non verbal can be used Both verbal and non verbal can be used in communication. If you do not like verbal, you can communicate through writing or body language. 2.3. Purposes of communication 2.3.1. Communicate to meet social needs Communication is a very important in one‟s life because you live in a community. People cannot live alone, because they need food, shelter and need to exchange information with others. To human beings, to communicate is to form society and communicate to meet the social needs 2.3.2. Communicate to develop and maintain a sense of self Communication can help people explore themselves. As presented in intrapersonal communication, this is a process that helps people know their inside through the interaction with themselves. 2.3.3. Communicate to develop relationship Relationship is created by communication, so if a person wants to start a relationship, he needs to communicate. Communication can be seen as the glue to connect the strangers together in a relationship. People had known about communication as a way to link people in a community, and thanks to that we have a modern social these days. 2.3.4. Communicate to exchange information The most important function of communication is exchanging information. People need to get information about education, news or politics to make their life variety. Moreover, some others want to learn another language to get the information from others countries. And thanks 17 to the modern technology, people can easily changing information from one country to the others. 2.3.5. Communicate to influence others Communication can be used to influence others. This can be seen in the election campaign where the politicians try to persuade the people to support his or her opinion. Actually, whenever communication occurs, it already has its goals inside. For example, if a person tries to convince his friend to pick him up tonight, so in his conversation he will find some ways to persuade his friend without saying clearly that he wants to be picked up. 2.4. Means of communication: 2.4.1. Verbal Verbal is the most common and primary types of communication, it refers to the use of words, sounds, speaking and language to replace a message. According to Robert M. Krauss (2002), professor of psychology at Columbia University announced in the article The Psychology of Verbal Communication, signs and symbols are the major signals that make up verbal communication. Words act as symbols, and signs are secondary product of the underlying message and include things like tone of voice, blushing and facial expressions. 2.4.2. Non- verbal Other kinds of communication that people do not need to use oral communication are nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is the way that people communicate without using words to help convey to others their understanding, thought, or emotion. Nonverbal communication can also give a receiver unintended information that a sender might not 18 want to send. Indeed, when one is not certain about another person‟s feeling about him or her, one may rely on nonverbal cues and less on the words that are used (Grahe & Bernie,1999;Vedantam,2006). When people communicate by nonverbal communication, they do not need to use any words to express their ideas. Researchers estimate that 93 percent of all communication is nonverbal communication. 2.4.3. Written Written form is the way that we communicate through words or symbols which may be printed or hand written. In this type, message is influenced by the vocabulary and grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used. There are three main elements to written communication that people need to care if they want to have effective written communication, including (1) structure: the way the content is laid out; (2) style: the way it is written; and (3) content: what you are writing about. 2.4.4. Para verbal Para verbal refers to how people say the words they say that encompasses intonation, accent, volume, and pace of saying. Para verbal can reveal what a person really thinks or feels, because maybe one can lie in one‟s word but one cannot lie in one‟s feeling. For example, when a person is angry but does not say that, people can know that person is really angry or not base on his/ her intonation and volume. 2.5. Direct and indirect advantage of using mobile phone: Cell phones are having a great influence in our live and are very convenient to keep with it us. Because it has some benefits as (1) cell phones are a faster and more effective way to transfer information; (2) it is the best choice for people in emergency situation; (3) constant Internet 19 access; (4) applications and all – in – one device such as MP3, VIDEO PLAYER, GAMES,…; (5) allow people to continue their job everywhere 2.6. Direct and indirect disadvantage of using mobile phone: Although mobile phone is a great device that anyone should have one, they are also have some disadvantages which people should think carefully how to use it in the right way. Because of some follow reasons (1) increases rick of illness in people immune system, chronic pain and eye vision problem; (2) hinder real human interaction; (3) lead to some pretty serious accidents; (4) breaches of privacy and security; and (5) allow children cheating on exam 2.7. Text message of Mobile phone Text messaging is one kind of interpersonal communication and written communication means. Text messaging is described as the exchange of short text messages through mobile phones, fixed – line phone, and portable or fixed devices over a network. The first text message appears when Sema Group test engineer Neil Papworth sent a text message to Richard Jarvis through the Vodafone network using his personal computer on December 3, 1992, the message simply read “Merry Christmas”. Until now, there are thousand text messages are sent every day. Today, text message becomes a cultural phenomenon “It is a cultural phenomenon”, said Mike Short, chairman of the Mobile Data Association in England, where the number of text messages sent each week just passed one billion, about 25% higher than a year earlier 2.8. Purpose of using text message Although the main factor of mobile phone is calling, messaging becomes a very important function that a mobile phone must have these days. 20