Đăng ký Đăng nhập
Trang chủ Công nghệ thông tin Quản trị mạng Php and mysql - the missing manual 2nd ed. - b. mclaughlin (o\'reilly, 2013)...

Tài liệu Php and mysql - the missing manual 2nd ed. - b. mclaughlin (o\'reilly, 2013)

.PDF
548
22498
73

Mô tả:

PHP and MySQL - The Missing Manual 2nd ed. - B. McLaughlin (O\'Reilly, 2013)
PHP & MySQL Second Edition The book that should have been in the box® Brett McLaughlin Beijing | Cambridge | Farnham | Köln | Sebastopol | Tokyo PHP & MySQL: The Missing Manual, Second Edition by Brett McLaughlin Copyright © 2013 Brett McLaughlin. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or [email protected]. November 2011: First Edition. November 2012: Second Edition. Revision History for the Second Edition: 2012-11-5 First release See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=0636920024927 for release details. The Missing Manual is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. The Missing Manual logo, and “The book that should have been in the box” are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media is aware of a trademark claim, the designations are capitalized. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained in it. [LSI] ISBN: 978-1-449-32557-2 Contents The Missing Credits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Part One: Chapter 1: PHP and MySQL Basics PHP: What, Why, and Where?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 PHP Comes in Two Flavors: Local and Remote. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 PHP: Going Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Write Your First Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Run Your First Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 But Where’s That Web Server?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Chapter2: PHP Meets HTML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Script or HTML?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 PHP Talks Back. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Run PHP Scripts Remotely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Chapter 3: PHP Syntax: Weird and Wonderful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Get Information from a Web Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Working with Text in PHP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 The $_REQUEST Variable Is an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 What Do You Do with User Information?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Chapter 4: MySQL and SQL: Database and Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 What Is a Database?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Installing MySQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 SQL Is a Language for Talking to Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Part Two: Chapter 5: Dynamic Web Pages Connecting PHP to MySQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Writing a Simple PHP Connection Script. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Cleaning Up Your Code with Multiple Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Building a Basic SQL Query Runner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 iii Chapter 6: Regular Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 String Matching, Double-Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Chapter 7: Generating Dynamic Web Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Revisiting a User’s Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Planning Your Database Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Saving a User’s Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Show Me the User. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Revisiting (and Redirecting) the Create User Script. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Part Three: Chapter 8: From Web Pages to Web Applications When Things Go Wrong (and They Will). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Planning Your Error Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Finding a Middle Ground for Error Pages with PHP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Add Debugging to Your Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Redirecting On Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Chapter 9: Handling Images and Complexity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Images Are Just Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Images Are for Viewing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 And Now for Something Completely Different. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Chapter 10: Binary Objects and Image Loading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Storing Different Objects in Different Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Inserting a Raw Image into a Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Your Binary Data Isn’t Safe to Insert...Yet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Connecting Users and Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Show Me the Image!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Embedding an Image Is Just Viewing an Image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324 So, Which Approach Is Best?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Chapter 11: Listing, Iterating, and Administrating.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Thinking about What You Need as an Admin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Listing All Your Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Deleting a User. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Talking Back to Your Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Standardizing on Messaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Integrating Utilities, Views, and Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 iv Contents Part Four: Security and the Real World Chapter 12: Authentication and Authorization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Basic Authentication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Abstracting What’s the Same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Passwords Don’t Belong in PHP Scripts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Passwords Create Security, But Should Be Secure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Chapter 13: Cookies, Sign-Ins, and Ditching Crummy Pop-Ups. . . . . . . . 419 Moving Beyond Basic Authentication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 Logging In with Cookies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 Adding Context-Specific Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Chapter 14: Authorization and Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Modeling Groups in Your Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Checking for Group Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 Group-Specific Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Entering Browser Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Memory Lane: Remember That Phishing Problem?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 Why Would You Ever Use Cookies? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 Part Five: Appendixes Appendix A: Installing PHP on Windows Without WAMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 Appendix B: Installing MySQL Without MAMP or WAMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 Contents v The Missing Credits About the Author Brett McLaughlin is a senior-level technologist and strategist, active especially in web programming and data-driven, customer-facing systems. Rarely focused on only one component of a system, he architects, designs, manages, and implements largescale applications from start to finish with mission-critical implementations and deadlines. Of course, that’s all fancy-talk for saying that Brett’s a geek, spending most of his day in front of a computer with his hands flying across a keyboard. Currently, he spends most of his time working on NASA projects, which sounds much cooler than it actually is. But hey, maybe that satellite overhead really is controlled by PHP and MySQL... About the Creative Team Nan Barber (editor) has been working on the Missing Manual series since its inception. She lives in Boston with her husband and various electronic devices. Email: [email protected]. Holly Bauer (production editor) lives in Ye Olde Cambridge, Massachusetts, where she is an avid home cook, prolific DIYer, and mid-century modern furniture design enthusiast. Email: [email protected]. Bob Russell (copyeditor) is a documentation specialist and President of Octal Publishing, Inc., in Salem, New Hampshire (www.octalpub.com). Email: bob.russell@ octalpub.com. Bob Pfahler (indexer) is a freelance indexer. For the past five years, he has indexed many computer books as well as biographies, history, and business books. When he is not working, he likes to take bike rides in the foothills outside of Denver. He indexed this book as an associate for Potomac Indexing (www.potomacindexing.com). Roger House (technical reviewer) is a freelance software developer living in northern California. He has written code in many languages for various kinds of applications. He enjoys algorithm design, use of data structures, and applications of mathematics. Web: www.rogerfhouse.com. Email: [email protected]. Steve Suehring (technical reviewer) is a technical architect with an extensive background finding simple solutions to complex problems. Steve plays several musical instruments (not at the same time) and can be reached through his website www​ .​braingia.org. vii Acknowledgments Acknowledgments are nearly impossible to do well. Before you can thank anyone of substance, the music swells and they’re shuffling you off stage. Seriously, apart from the writing, there’s my wife, Leigh, and my kids, Dean, Robbie, and Addie. Any energy or joy or relaxation that happens during the long writing process filters through those four, and there are never enough royalties to cover the time lost with them. I suppose it’s a reflection of their love and support for me that they’re OK with me writing anyway. There’s certainly the writing. Brian Sawyer was the first guy to call me when I became available to write, and he called when I was really in need of just what he gave me: excitement about me writing and encouragement that I could write for the Missing Manual series. I won’t forget that call anytime soon. And, there’s Nan Barber, who IM’ed and emailed me throughout the entire process. She showed a really unhealthy level of trust that wasn’t earned, and I’m quite thankful...especially in the dark days of early August, when I had hundreds of pages left to write, in just a few short weeks. Roger House and Steve Suehring, my technical reviewers, were both picky and gentle. That’s about all you can ask. And Steve filled out my PHP holes. He caught one particularly nasty issue that I think vastly improved the book. You don’t realize this, but you owe him a real debt of thanks if this book helps you. ——Brett McLaughlin The Missing Manual Series Missing Manuals are witty, superbly written guides to computer products that don’t come with printed manuals (which is just about all of them). Each book features a handcrafted index and cross-references to specific pages (not just chapters). Recent and upcoming titles include: Access 2010: The Missing Manual by Matthew MacDonald Adobe Edge Animate: The Missing Manual by Chris Grover Buying a Home: The Missing Manual by Nancy Conner CSS3: The Missing Manual, Third Edition, by David Sawyer McFarland Creating a Website: The Missing Manual, Third Edition, by Matthew MacDonald David Pogue’s Digital Photography: The Missing Manual by David Pogue Dreamweaver CS5.5: The Missing Manual by David Sawyer McFarland Droid 2: The Missing Manual by Preston Gralla Droid X2: The Missing Manual by Preston Gralla Excel 2010: The Missing Manual by Matthew MacDonald Facebook: The Missing Manual, Third Edition by E.A. Vander Veer viii The Missing Credits FileMaker Pro 12: The Missing Manual by Susan Prosser and Stuart Gripman Flash CS5.5: The Missing Manual by Chris Grover Galaxy S II: The Missing Manual by Preston Gralla Galaxy Tab: The Missing Manual by Preston Gralla Google Apps: The Missing Manual by Nancy Conner Google SketchUp: The Missing Manual by Chris Grover HTML5: The Missing Manual by Matthew MacDonald iMovie ’11 & iDVD: The Missing Manual by David Pogue and Aaron Miller iPad: The Missing Manual, Fifth Edition by J.D. Biersdorfer iPhone: The Missing Manual, Sixth Edition by David Pogue iPhone App Development: The Missing Manual by Craig Hockenberry iPhoto ’11: The Missing Manual by David Pogue and Lesa Snider iPod: The Missing Manual, Eleventh Edition by J.D. Biersdorfer and David Pogue JavaScript & jQuery: The Missing Manual by David Sawyer McFarland Kindle Fire: The Missing Manual, Second Edition by Peter Meyers Living Green: The Missing Manual by Nancy Conner Mac OS X Snow Leopard: The Missing Manual by David Pogue Mac OS X Lion: The Missing Manual by David Pogue Microsoft Project 2010: The Missing Manual by Bonnie Biafore Motorola Xoom: The Missing Manual by Preston Gralla Netbooks: The Missing Manual by J.D. Biersdorfer NOOK Tablet: The Missing Manual by Preston Gralla Office 2010: The Missing Manual by Nancy Connor, Chris Grover, and Matthew MacDonald Office 2011 for Macintosh: The Missing Manual by Chris Grover Palm Pre: The Missing Manual by Ed Baig Personal Investing: The Missing Manual by Bonnie Biafore Photoshop CS6: The Missing Manual by Lesa Snider Photoshop Elements 11: The Missing Manual by Barbara Brundage PowerPoint 2007: The Missing Manual by E.A. Vander Veer Premiere Elements 8: The Missing Manual by Chris Grover The Missing Credits ix QuickBase: The Missing Manual by Nancy Conner QuickBooks 2013: The Missing Manual by Bonnie Biafore Quicken 2009: The Missing Manual by Bonnie Biafore Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual, Snow Leopard Edition by David Pogue Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual, Lion Edition by David Pogue Wikipedia: The Missing Manual by John Broughton Windows Vista: The Missing Manual by David Pogue Windows 7: The Missing Manual by David Pogue Windows 8: The Missing Manual by David Pogue Word 2007: The Missing Manual by Chris Grover WordPress: The Missing Manual by Matthew MacDonald Your Body: The Missing Manual by Matthew MacDonald Your Brain: The Missing Manual by Matthew MacDonald Your Money: The Missing Manual by J.D. Roth x The Missing Credits Introduction G iven that you’re reading this book, the chances are good that you’ve built a web page in HTML. You’ve styled it by using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and maybe written a little JavaScript to validate your custom-built web forms. If that wasn’t enough, you’ve learned a lot more JavaScript, threw in some jQuery, and constructed a whole lot of web pages. Maybe you’ve even moved your JavaScript into external files, shared your CSS across your entire site, and validated your HTML with the latest standards. But now you want more. Perhaps you’ve become frustrated with your website’s inability to store user information in anything beyond cookies. Maybe you want a full-blown online store, complete with PayPal integration and details about what items are in stock. Or maybe you’ve simply caught the programming bug and want to go beyond what HTML, CSS, and JavaScript can easily give you. If any of these are the case—and you may find that all of these are the case—learning PHP and MySQL is a great way to take a giant programming step forward. Even if you’ve never heard of PHP, you’ll find it’s the best way to go from building web pages to creating full-fledged web applications that store all sorts of information in databases. This book shows you how to do just that. 1 What PHP and MySQL Can Do What PHP and MySQL Can Do PHP can handle payment processing on its own, and it can connect with services like PayPal and Google Checkout. PHP can store and load images from a database or a file system and give you the ability to log users in and out as well as control what they see throughout your application. Add in MySQL, and you can store your users’ names, addresses, billing data, and even their preferences regarding the color of their own personal landing page. MySQL can store just a few bits of data, a few thousand lines of data, or every page access by every user who ever logs into your application. And, of course, PHP can easily connect to MySQL. PHP can do everything from grabbing a user name based on a user ID to storing the details about financial transactions to actually creating tables and updating their structures, and MySQL can back-end all that work and store that data. Ultimately, this is the stuff of web applications; it’s what a web application is. Obviously, web applications like this aren’t simple. They have a lot of complexity, and that complexity has to be managed and ultimately tamed into a usable, sensible web application that you can maintain and your users can enjoy. That’s what this book is about: building web applications, and doing it with an understanding of what you’re doing, and why you’re doing it. What Is PHP? PHP started out as a set of tools for doing simple web-related tasks. It appeared on the Web scene way back in 1994. Initially, PHP did nothing more than just track visits to a particular web page (the online resume of Rasmus Lerdorf—the inventor of PHP). It was then expanded to interact with databases, as well as provide a tool set for online guest books and HTML form processing. The next thing you know, it was hugely popular as an alternative to less web-friendly languages like C. New versions of PHP started coming out, and an increasing number of web programmers adopted it as their scripting language of choice for web tasks. PHP 3, 4, and now 5 are now mainstays on the Web. PHP has become fast while remaining lightweight. And, of course, its ability to easily interact with databases such as MySQL remains one of its most attractive features. What Is PHP Like? PHP is a programming language. It’s like JavaScript in that you spend most of your time dealing with values and making decisions about which path through your code should be followed at any given time. But it’s like HTML in that you deal with output—tags that your users view through the lens of their web browsers. In fact, PHP in the context of web programming is a bit of a mutt; it does lots of things pretty well, rather than just doing one single thing. (And, if you’ve ever wondered why it’s called PHP, see the box on the following page.) 2 PHP & MySQL: The Missing Manual What Is PHP? FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Personal Home Page, Indeed What does PHP stand for? PHP is an acronym. Originally, it stood for Personal Home Page Construction Kit , because lots of programmers used it to build their websites, going much further than what was possible with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. But in the last few years, “personal home page” tends to sound more like something that happens on one of those really cheap hosting sites, rather than a highpowered programming language. So now, PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. If that sounds geeky, it is. In fact, it’s a bit of a programmer joke: PHP stands for something that actually contains PHP within itself. That makes it a recursive acronym, meaning that it references itself. You don’t have to know what a recursive acronym is; that won’t be on the quiz. Just be warned that PHP’s recursive acronym won’t be the last weird and slightly funny thing you’ll run across in the PHP language. PHP Is All About the Web If you came here for web programming, you’re in the right place. Although you can write PHP programs that run from a command line (check out Figure I-1 for an example), that’s not really where it excels. The PHP programs you write run within your website, part and parcel with your HTML forms, web sessions, and browser cookies. For example, PHP is great at integrating with your website’s existing authentication system, or letting you create one of your own. Figure I-1 Sure, you can run PHP programs from a Terminal window or a command shell in Windows. But most of the time, you won’t. PHP is perfectly suited to the Web, and that’s where you’ll spend most of your time. You’ll spend a lot of time not just handing off control to an HTML page, but actually writing the HTML you’re already familiar with right into your PHP scripts. Lots of times, you’ll actually write some PHP and then write some HTML, all in the same PHP file, as in the following example:
User Profile

Thư viện tài liệu trực tuyến
Hỗ trợ
hotro_xemtailieu
Mạng xã hội
Copyright © 2023 Xemtailieu - Website đang trong thời gian thử nghiệm, chờ xin giấy phép của Bộ TT & TT
thư viện tài liệu trực tuyến, nơi chia sẽ trao đổi tài liệu như luận văn đồ án, giáo trình, đề thi, .v.v...Kho tri thức trực tuyến.
Xemtailieu luôn tôn trọng quyền tác giả và thực hiện nghiêm túc gỡ bỏ các tài liệu vi phạm.