BOYTE
VIEN DINH DirONG
/O
V
BAO CAO DE TAI
Nghien cuu san pham sGa bo sung kem, canxi, lysine
cho tre 4 - 5 tuoi.
Chu nhiem de tai: ThS. Nguyln Thi Hong Minh
Co quan chii tri: Vien Dinh duong
Dia chi
: 48B Tang Bat Ho
Hanoi 12/2008
A/j/oi'i/il}
Mtf dau
Suy dinh duang tre em la moi quan tam chung ciia nhieu qu6c gia tren the giai. Hien nay, uac
tinh CO khoang 178 trieu tre em duai 5 tuoi bi suy dinh duang the thap coi. Dac biet, a vung
Trung va Dong Phi ty le tre em suy dinh duang thip coi len d8n 42% - 50%. 74 trieu tre em bj
thap coi song a Nam va Trung A [1]. C) nhieu nuac tren thd giai, suy dinh duang van la nguyen
nhan hang dau dan den tu vong a tre nho. Thieu dinh duang vua phai va keo dai dang la tra ngai
cho sir phat trien ve the chat va tri tue con nguai, vi vay viec thanh toan nan doi va suy dinh
duang la muc tieu trong tam [2].
Nhieu nghien cuu tren the giai da chung minh viec cho tre bii me hoan toan trong 6 thang diu
sau khi sinh, cham soc y te, phong chong nhiem khu4n va cho tre an bo sung day dii so lugng va
chat luang la cac yeu to lien quan chat che tai tinh trang dinh duang cua tre sau nay.
Theo khuyen nghi cua WHO, thai gian thich hgp nhit d6 hk dhu cho tre an b6 sung la sau 6
thang. Tre dugc an bo sung diing thang tuoi se phong cac benh coi xuang, suy dinh duang va
thieu mau vi then diem nay sua me khong du thoa man nhu chu ngay cang tang cua ca the tre,
dac biet la cac nhu cau ve vitamin va khoang chat. Tuy lugng can rat nho, chi khoang vai
miligam moi ngay nhung thieu vitamin va khoang chat se lam roi loan chuyen hoa trong ca the
va gay ra nhieu benh dac hieu. Sua bgt la mot loai thuc pham cung cap tuang doi day dii va can
doi cac duang chat cho tre vi vay viec cho tre an bo sung them siia la rat can thiet de giiip tre
phat trien toan dien.
Sua la san pham uong lien lai rat giau thanh phan dinh duang, de hiit am, vi vay viec quan li chat
lugng sua khi san xuat la rat can thiet.
HACCP la cong cu quan li ve sinh an toan thuc pham thuc sir co hieu qua. La he thong co kha
nang ngan ngira mot each chu dgng nguy ca 6 nhiem thuc pham trong qua trinh san xuat, che
bien tao ra thuc pham an toan. Ap dung he thong HACCP, nguai tieu dung se giam nguy ca
nhiem cac benh truyen qua thuc pham, tang sir tin cay vao viec cung cap thuc pham, cai thien
chat lugng cuoc song. Lgi ich doi vai doanh nghiep la tang so lugng nguofi tieu dung va do tin
cay cua chinh phu, dam bao gia ca, tang kha nang canh tranh tiep thi, giam chi phi do san pham
hong va phai thu hoi, cai tien qua trinh san xuat va dieu kien moi truang, cai tien nang lire quan
li, dam bao an toan thuc pham, tang ca hoi kinh doanh [3].
Mac du tren thi truong co rat nhieu loai sua, nhung gia ciia cac loai siia noi chung la rat cao.
Vigc nghien cuu san xuat sura bgt co bo sung cac vi chat can doi de cung cap day du duang chat
va cai thien chieu cao ciia tre vai gia hgp li dong vai tro quan trgng nhu mot giai phap de can
thiep phong chong suy dinh duang, vi vay chiing toi tien hanh de tai ^''Nghien ciru xay dung vd
hodn tfiien qui trinh san xuat sira bgt co bo sung kem, canxi, lysine va prebiotic cho tre tir 1 5 tudi".
Ngi dung nghien ciiu ciia de tai bao gom:
* Nghien cim xay dung cong thiic premix va cong thiic phoi tron de tao san pham siia bgt danh
cho tre tir 1 - 5 tuoi
* Xay dung qui trinh san xuat sua bgt va theo doi chat lugng ciia san pham theo thai gian bao
quan
* Buac dau xay dung tai lieu quan li san xuat sira an toan VSTP theo HACCP code 2003
Phan I: TONG QUAN
1.1. Vai tro cua vi chat dinh du-ong va prebiotic
Ty le suy dinh duang thap coi ciia tre em Viet Nam chi8m 1/3, dac biet la v^ chieu cao cua tre
em nong thon va cac dan tgc thieu so [4]. Nguyen nhan chinh do thiic an bo sung ciia tre thieu ve
so lugng va chdt lugng, nhSt la a vung nong thon ngheo. DS cai thien tinh trang dinh duang cho
tre em, ngoai viec chii y cung cap day dii cac chat dinh duang nhu protein, gluxit, lipit ma con
dam bao day dii cac yitamin va khoang chdt. Tuy la nhom chdt khong sinh nang lugng nhung
vitamin va khoang chat co vai tro vo cung quan trgng vai ca th6, dac biet vai tre em.
Vitamin la cdu tii cua cac men can thiet cho qua trinh chuyen hoa vat chdt trong ca the. Nhieu
vitamin ca the khong the tir tong hgp dugc ma phai dua tir thiic an vao ca th8. Thieu viatmin anh
huang nhieu tai su phat trien, sue khoe va gay nhilu benh dac hieu.
He thong mien dich dac bietrihay cam vai tinh trang kem ciia ca thg. Thieu kem gay suy giam
mien dich, lam anh huang xau den sir phat trien va chiic nang ciia hdu het cac te bao miln dich.
Kem tham gia vao thanh phan cua tren 300 enzyme kim loai, co vai tro di6u hoa hoat dgng ciia
mot so loai hormon. Thieu kem thuang gay ra mot so bieu hien lam sang nhu: luai an, giam kha
nang mien dich, ton thuang da va niem mac, cham phat trien the lire. Thong ke nhirng nghien curu
chung tren the gidi cho tha'y bo sung kem lam giam 30 - 60% so lan mdc benh tieu chay, miic do
nang ciia benh cung giam co y nghia, tac dung ciia bo sung kem lam giam so lan mdc benh tieu
chay keo dai sau 2 -3 thang bo sung [5]. WHO udc tinh co khoang tren 30% tre em dudi 5 tuoi bi
thieu kem va thucmg tap trung a nhOng nude co thu nhap thap [6].
Trong CO the canxi chiem vi tri dac biet, canxi chiem 1/3 khoi lugng chat khoang trong ca the va
98% canxi nam a xuang va rang - la thanh phan co ban ciia xuong va rang. Cho nen doi vai tre
em canxi rat can thiet vi chiing co bg xuong dang phat trien. Mot so nghien ciiu a Nhat cho thay
khau phan an ngheo canxi thuang ket hgp vai chieu cao thap. Khau phan ngheo canxi thuang ket
hgp vai thap protein, mot yeu to quan trgng cho su phat trien co the va phat trien xuong.
Lysine la mot trong cac axit amin can thiet cho ca the ma ca the khong tu tong hgp dugc. Lysine
giiip tre an ngon mieng, gia tang chuyen hoa, tang cuong hap thu, duy tri canxi, ngan can su bai
tiet chat khoang nay ra khoi ca the [7]. Vi vay, thieu Lysine co the khien tre cham lan, bieng an,
giam tang truang chieu cao.
Cac ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay trong ca the tre dang trong giai doan tang truang, vi khuan tot
trong he tieu hoa co xu huong giam. Dong thdi, khi tre ngay cang tiep xuc nhieu hon vdi moi
trudng ben ngoai, cac vi khuan gay benh de dang xam nhap vao ca the. Khi so lugng vi khuan
gay benh manh hon vi khuan tot, he mien dich suy giam, ca the se yeu di va tre de bi nhiem
benh. De kich thich sir tang trudng ciia vi khuan cd lgi cd the diing chat xa nhu oligosaccharit
(FOS/inullin) la loai thiic an cho vi khuan cd lgi phat trien. Day la Prebiotic cd tac dung gian tiep
giiip tang cudng he mien dich.
Sfta da dugc cong nhan la mot thuc pham hoan hao nhat trong thien nhien, vi trong sira cd dii cac
chat dinh duang can thiet giiip cho sir tang trudng cua co the va de dugc ca the hap thu. Ngoai
cac thanh phan chinh la protein, lactoza, lipit, mudi khoang cdn cd tat ca cac loai vitamin chii
yeu, cac enzim, cac nguyen td vi lugng khdng the thay the. Protein cua sua rat dac biet, cd chiia
nhieu va hai hda cac axit amin can thiet. Lipit ciia sua giii vai trd quan trgng trong dinh duang,
chiing chiia nhieu nhdm axit beo khac nhau, chiia nhieu vitamin va cd do tieu hda cao do cd
nhiet dg ndng chay thap va chat beo d dudi dang cac cau ma cd kich thudc nhd. Nhu vay, siia la
thiic an can thiet cho sir phat trien va tang trudng cua tre em, sir dung sua nhu la thirc an bo sung
cho tre giiip du phdng suy dinh dudng la can thilt.
1.2. Tinh hinh nghien ciru va san xuat thirc pham dinh dvotig o" Viet Nam
Theo ket qua dieu tra cua vien dinh dudng, thuc phdm che biln thiic an cho tre d Viet Nam chu
ylu la gao, cac thirc an giau dinh dudng khac (thiic an dgng vat va rau xanh) chi dugc 22,3%
(VpD - TCTK 2005). Trong khi nhieu nude trong khu vuc va tren thi gidi da sii dung cac thuc
pham cd tang cudng vi chat cho tre em d Viet Nam vdn cdn han chi vl loai san phdm ciing nhu
pham vi sir dung. Gdp phdn phdng va dilu tri suy dinh dudng tre em, Vien Dinh dudng da tim
hieu, nghien cuu cac quy trinh cdng nghe san xudt mdt sd san phdm dinh dudng cho tre em nhdm
tao ra cac san pham dinh dudng cd chat lugng trong thdi gian qua nhu bgt dinh dudng, banh qui
tang cudng vi chat, vien pepsin....Hieu qua ciia cac san phdm nay da dugc danh gia va cho kit
qua rdt tdt [8, 9]. Theo nghien ciiu cua Ninh va cs (1996), da bd sung kem cho tre em tir 4 - 36
thang tudi bi suy dinh dudng, cho tre em d liia tudi bdt ddu an bd sung ( 5 - 7 thang tudi), da nhan
thay tre suy dinh dudng dugc bd sung kem cd miic do tang can va chilu cao tdt hon, ty le mdc
tieu chay thap hon nhdm kiem chiing [10].
1.3. Dac diem thi trirong sira a Viet Nam
Trong tu nhien khdng cd san pham thuc pham nao ma thanh phan dinh dudng lai kit hgp hai hoa
nhu sua. Viec tieu thu sua tren the gidi ngay mdt tang. Tdng san lugng sua toan cdu nam 2007
udc tinh 678 trieu tdn, tang 2,3% so vdi nam 2006. San xuat sua phat triln manh d Chau A vdi
san lugng udc tinh tang 5% trong nam 2007 (Food Outlook, N-02, 2007).
Hien nay thi trudng sua Viet Nam da cd gan 20 hang ndi dia va rat nhieu doanh nghiep phan
phdi sua. Tdng lugng tieu thu sua Viet Nam lien tuc tang manh tir 15% - 20%/nam, theo du bao
den nam 2010 miic tieu thu sua tai thi trudng se tang gap ddi va tiep tuc tang gap ddi vao nam
2020. Vi vay, san xuat siia van la mot tiem nang. Do ngudn nguyen lieu trong nude cung cap
khdng du nen phan ldn nguyen lieu ciia cac nha may sua d nude ta dugc nhap khau.
1.4. He thong HACCP
HACCP viet tat cua cum tir Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points la he thdng quan ly chat
lugng dua tren ca sd phan tich cac mdi nguy va cac diem kiem soat tdi han. Dd la cdng cu phan
tich nham bao dam an toan ve sinh va chat lugng thuc pham. Cdng cu nay cho phep tap trung
ngudn lire ky thuat, chuyen mdn vao nhung budc che bien cd anh hudng quyet dinh den an toan
chat lugng thuc pham. Phan tich HACCP se dua ra danh muc nhimg diem kiem soat tdi han
CCPs cimg vdi nhung muc tieu phdng ngira, cac thu tuc theo ddi, giam sat va nhimg tac ddng
dieu chinh timg diem kiem soat tdi han.
He thdng HACCP da dugc nhieu td chiic qudc te (nhu: Vien han lam Khoa hgc qudc gia My, Lfy
ban Tu van Qudc gia ve tieu chuan vi triing hgc va thuc pham, Uy ban Thuc pham Codex
WHO/FAO) thira nhan va xem la he thdng him hieu nhat de cd the vira dam bao an toan, vira
dam bao chat lugng cam quan ciia cac san pham thuc pham.
Tai Viet Nam, khai niem HACCP dugc tiep can tir nhiing nam dau ciia thap ki 90 ciia the ki XX.
Vdi muc tieu bao ve siic khde nhan dan, md rgng thi trudng, nhat la khi nude ta da gia nhap td
chiic thuang mai the gidi WTO, nhieu nganh va doanh nghiep, nhat la doanh nghiep san xuat sira
da cd rat nhilu hoat ddng thiet thuc de thiic day qua trinh ddi mdi he thdng quan ly chat lugng va
an toan ve sinh thuc pham, dac biet la ap dung HACCP, timg budc thay the cho each kiem soat
chat lugng truyen thdng la dua tren kiem tra san pham cudi ciing.
Ap dung he thdng HACCP mang lai nhieu lgi ich, nhu:
- Lgi ich ddi vdi ngudi tieu diing: giam nguy co cac benh truyen qua thuc pham; nang cao nhan
thiic ve ve sinh co ban; tang sir tin cay vao viec cung cap thuc pham; cai thien cudc song trong ITnh
vuc siic khde va kinh tl - xa hdi.
- Lgi ich vdi nganh cdng nghiep: tang sd lugng ngudi tieu dimg va do tin cay ciia Chinh phu; bao
dam ^ia ca; tang kha nang canh tranh va tilp thi; giam chi phi do giam san phdm hdng va phai
thu hdi; cai tien qua trinh san xudt va dieu kien mdi trudng; cai tiln nang lire quan ly bao dam an
toan thuc pham; tang ca hdi kinh doanh va xudt, nhap khdu thuc phdm.
- Lgi ich vdi Chinh phii: cai thien siic khde cdng dong, nang cao hieu qua va kilm soat thuc
pham; giam chi phi cho siic khde cdng ddng.
- Lgi ich vdi doanh nghi?p: nang cao uy tin chdt lugng doi vdi san phdm cua minh, tang tinh
canh tranh, kha nang chiem linh va md rdng thi trudng, dac biet ddi vdi thuc phdm xudt khdu.
Dugc phep in tren nhan ddu chiing nhan phii hgp he thdng HACCP, tao Idng tin vdi ngudi tieu
dung va ban hang, lam can cii de ca quan kiem tra chat lugng ve sinh an toan thuc phdm xem xet
che do giarn kiem tra ddi vdi cac Id san pham; la co sd bao dam dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec dam
phan, ky ket hgp ddng thuang mai trong nude cung nhu xuat khau va la ca sd cua chinh sach uu
tien dau tu, dao tao ciia Nha nude ciing nhu cac ddi tac nude ngoai [3].
Phan II: NGUYEN LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
2.1. Nguyen lieu
- Sira bgt nguyen lieu cua New Zealand, Australia, Trung Quoc dat tieu chudn ve sinh an toan
thuc pham.
- Fremix: vitamin, khoang chat, lysine, FOS dat tieu chuan ve do tinh khiet theo mot trong nhimg
tieu chuan: USP (The United States Pharmacopeia), BPC (British Pharmaceutical Codex),
FAO/WHO hoac chirng chi tuong duong.
- Nguyen lieu khac: dudng, chat beo siia.
- Tlii mang thiec
2.2. Phirong phap nghien cihi
2.2.1 Nghien ciru xay dirng cong thirc san xuat sira hot
2.2.1.1 Lira chon sira hot nguyen lieu
Siia bgt nguyen lieu phai la sira bgt hoa tan nhanh, cd mau sac, miii vi tu nhien ciia siia va thanh
phan dinh dudng phii hgp vdi tre.
Phan tich mot sd thanh phan cua sira bdt nguyen lieu dugc chgn.
2.2.1.2 Xac dinh ti le phoi tron cac loai nguyen lieu
Xac dinh ti le phdi trdn cua sira bdt nguyen kem, siia bdt gay, chat beo siia sao cho 3 thanh phan
ca ban la protein, lipit cho mdi lan sir dung 45g (200ml sira) dap iing 20 - 30% nhu cau khuyen
nghi cua tre tir 1-5 tudi. Du kien thanh phan siia thanh pham cd ham lugng protein va lipid tir 16
- 20%.
Dua ra 4 ti le phdi trdn khac nhau.
Danh gia cam quan theo phep thir cho diem chat lugng (tieu chuan TCVN 3215 - 79) de tim ra ti
le phdi trdn cho san pham cd tinh chat cam quan tdt va thanh phan protein, lipit hgp li.
2.2.1.3 Xay dirng cong thirc Premix va ti le phoi tron ciia Premix vdi sira hot nguyen lieu
Dua tren nhu cau dinh dudng khuyen nghi cho ngudi Viet Nam 2007, dua tren khuyen nghi ve
vitamin, khoang chat cua WHO/FAO - 2002 ddi vdi tre tir 1 - 5 tudi, du kien ham lugng vitamin
va khoang chat cua siia thanh pham.
Lira chgn ty le dudng, huong lieu, premix, lysine, FOS - inullin vdi siia nguyen lieu de:
- Ham lugng lysine trong 45 g (200ml sira) dap iing ham lugng can duy tri theo khuyen nghi cua
WHO/FAO ddi vdi tre tir 1- 5 tudi (lugng lysine can duy tri 3 Img/kg/ngay)
- Ham lugng vitamin va khoang chat trong 45g (200ml siia) dap ung 20 - 30% nhu cau cua tre tir
1-5 tudi.
- Bd sung them FOS - inullin de ham lugng chat xa hda tan trong siia thanh pham dat 5%.
- Bo sung them cac phu gia (dudng, huong lieu) de dap iing thi hieu cua ngudi tieu diing
Danh gia cam quan siia cdng thiic da trdn nguyen lieu phu (dudng, lysine) theo phuang phap cho
diem thi hieu (thang diem 1 - 5) de lira chgn siia cd chat lugng cam quan tdt nhat.
2.2.2 Xay dung quy trinh san xuat sira hot
2.2.2.1 Quy trinh san xuat sira hot du- kien
Lysine, premix,
Siia bdt nguyen
lieu, FOS/inullin,
dudng
Dinh lUdng
Trdn cap 1
Dinh liTdng
hdn hgp premix, lysine
Trdn cap 2
Ddng gdi
2.2.2.2 Danh gia chat lirong sira bpt san xuat
- Phuang phap danh gia cam quan:
+ Phep thir cho diem thi hieu (thang diem 1-5) nhu sau:
1: Rdt ghet
4: Thich
2:Ghet
5: Rdt thich
3: Khdng thich, khdng ghet
so sanh miic do yeu thich ciia siia thanh pham vdi cac san pham sira hien cd tren thi trudng. Nlu
ket qua phan tich cd F >Ftc (Tuong quan phuang sai tra bang) thi chat lugng cac mau khac nhau
cd nghia [11]. Hdi ddng danh gia cam quan gdm 10 chuyen gia.
+ Theo phep thir cho dilm chdt lugng (tieu chudn TCVN 3215 - 79) Thanh lap mdt hdi
dong danh gia gom 10 chuyen gia cd ky thuat va kinh nghiem v6 danh gia cam quan, danh gia
bdng phuang phap cho diem theo thang diem tir 0 — 5 cac chi tieu cam quan da dinh sSn cho sd
mdu xac dinh. (miic 0 la san pham khdng dugc cha'p nhan, miic 5 la miic san pham dat do hoan
thien cao nha't - cd quy dinh cu the theo TCVN 3215 - 79) [11].
Chat lugng san phdm dugc tinh la diem trung binh cua timg chi tieu nhan vdi he so trgng
lugng cua nd.
Diem cha't lugng cia cac san pham cd gia tri tir 0 de'n 20 theo 6 miic chat luong sau:
Rat kem: 4,0 - 7,1
Tdt:
18,6- 20,0
Trung binh: 11,2 - 15,1
Kha:
15,2-18,5
Kem:
7,2-11,1
Hdng:
0-3,9
- Phuong phap phan tich:
angZ.l: *hu-ong phap phan tich cac thanh phan cua sira hot
Phirong phap
STT
Ten chi tieu
1
Dd am
Do bdng may do do dm (H/QT/19.62)
KNLTTP - 75
Ham lugng Gluxit
2
3
Ham lugng Lipit
KNLTTP - 75
4
Ham lugng Protein
NMKL N"6
5
Ham lugng Canxi
AAS(H/QT/19.93)
AAS(H/QT/19.52)
6
Ham lugng Kem
7
HPLC(H/QT/19.46)
Ham lugng Lysine
8
TCVN 4884: 2001
Tdng sd VSV hieu khi
9
TCVN 4882: 2001
Tdng sd Conforms
10
TCVN 6846: 2001
E.coli
11
TCVN 4830: 1989
S.aureus
12
TQBYT
3350: 2001
B.cereus
13
TCVN 4829: 2001
Samonella
ISO 11290-1 - 2 : 1996
14
L. monocytogenes
AOAC 2000
15
Vitamin A
AOAC 2000
16
Vitamin D
2.2.3 Xay dung hf thong tai lieu quan li san xuat sira theo HACCP code 2003
- Thanh lap dgi HACCP
- Soan thao tai lieu quan li san xudt sira theo HACCP bao gdm 12 budc ap dung HACCP.
Phan III: KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Nghien ciru xay dung cong thirc san xuat sira bpt
3.1.1 Lira chon sira bQt nguyen lif u
Thi trudng sira bdt nguyen lieu d Viet Nam rdt phong phii va da dang, trong dd sira bgt nguyen
kem la san pham cd nhieu nhat. Ngudn nguyen lieu siia bdt chii yeu dugc nhap tir cac nude New
Zealand, Australia, Trung Qudc...vdi hai loai siia bgt la sira bdt tan nhanh va sua bdt. Thanh
phan, ti le cac chat trong nguyen lieu siia bdt cua cac nude khac nhau la khac nhau, tham chi
nguyen lieu ciing xudt xii ciing cd sir thay ddi vl thanh phdn.
Bang 3.1: Bang tong ket cac loai nguyen lieu hien co tren thj trirong Viet Nam
(Theo phan tich ciia nha cung cap)
Sii-a bot nguyen kem:
• •
TT
1
2
3
4
5
Ten san pham
Xuat xir
Siia bdt nguyen kem
tan nhanh
New
(Wholemilk Powder Zealand
Instant)
Siia bdt nguyen kem New
(Wholemilk Power) Zealand
Siia bdt nguyen
Trung
kem. (Wholemilk
Qudc
Power)
Siia bdt nguyen kem
tan nhanh (Instant
Australia
fiill cream milk
powder)
Siia bdt nguyen kem
(Wholemilk
Australia
Powder)
Protein
(%)
•
• • • • •
"
^
Thanh phan
Chat
Do am Do hoa
beo (%)
tan (ml)
(Vo)
Gia Thanh
(dong)
>34
>28
<5
<0,1
99 000
26,5
24,8
3,1
<1
94 000
>34
>26
<5
<1
92 000
34
>28
<3
<0,5
100 000
>24,8
>18,8
<2,24
<1
98 000
Sira hot gay
TT
Thanh p lan
Ten san pham
Xuat xir
Protein
(%)
Chat
beo (%)
Do am
(Vo)
Do hoa
tan (ml)
Gia Thanh
(dong)
1
Sira bdt gay tan
nhanh (Skimmilk
Powder Instant)
New
Zealand
>34
<1,5
<5
<0,5
95 000
2
Sira bdt gay tan
nhanh (Instant skim
milk powder)
Australia
>34
<1,25
<4
<0,5
100 000
Chat beo sira (Non Dairy Creamer)
Thanh phan
STT
Ten san pham
Xuat xu-
1
Chat beo sira
Malaysia
2
Chat beo siia
Ha Lan
Chat beo
Do am
(%)
(%)
(Vo)
Gia Thanh
(dong)
2,5 ± 0,3
33 ±1
<3
33 000
2
33
<3,5
43 000
Protein
Vi san xuat san pham siia bdt nen ca sd tuyen chgn sira nguyen lieu la sira bdt hda tan nhanh, cd
mau sac, miii vi tu nhien ciia sira. Dua tren muc tieu sira thanh pham phai cd ham lugng protein
va lipit cho moi lan sir dung (45g) img 20-30% nhu cau cua tre 1-5 tudi vi vay can chgn 3 loai
nguyen lieu la siia bdt nguyen kem, sira bgt gay va chat beo sira de phdi trdn nham tao dugc sira
thanh pham cd ham lugng protein, lipit yeu cau.
Siia New Zealand cd nha cung cap tai Ha Ngi, cd loai siia hoa tan nhanh, cd mau sac, miii vi dSc
trung ciia sira va gia san pham hgp ly. Vi vay, chgn sira bdt nguyen kem, sira bdt gay cua New
Zealand. Chgn chat beo siia cua Malaysia vi cd gia thanh re hon va chat lugng tuong duong vdi
chat beo siia cua Ha Lan.
Tien hanh phan tich thanh phan Kem, Lysine, Canxi cua nguyen lieu da chgn dugc ket qua bdi
bang 3.2
Bang 3.2: Ket qua phan tich Kem, Lysine, Canxi cua nguyen lieu sira bpt
TT
Thanh phan
Nguyen lieu
Ca (g/lOOg)
Zn (mg/lOOg)
Lysine (g/lOOg)
1
Siia bdt nguyen kem
0.98
2.68
1.85
2
Siia bgt gay
1.15
3.93
1.65
3.1.2. Xac dinh ti le phoi tron cac loai sira nguyen lieu
Dua tren nhu cdu protein, lipit doi vdi tre 1-5 tudi, theo tinh toan sira thanh pham du kien cd
ham lugng protein va lipit tir 16% - 20% va ket qua phan tich thanh phan ciia nguyen lieu, dua ra
mot sd ti le phdi trdn cac thanh phdn nguyen lieu cd thanh phan dinh dudng ca ban va nhu bang
sau:
Bang 3.3: Thanh phan mot so cong thirc phoi tron nguyen lieu sura
TT
CTl
CT2
CT3
CT4
0:45:45
10:30:50
10:35:45
15:40:35
1
Ti le SiJa bdt nguyen kem: Siia
bdt gay: Chat beo
2
Protein (%) (theo tinh toan)
16,4
14,8
16,4
19,6
4
Lipit (%) (theo tinh toan)
15.4
19,6
18,1
16,3
Tien hanh trdn siia bdt nguyen lieu theo cac cdng thiic dua ra d bang tren. Sau dd danh gia chat
lugng cam quan theo phep thir cho dilm chdt lugng (TCVN 3215 - 79) cua cac mau sura da trdn
de tim dugc ti le phdi trdn cho siia bdt cd chat lugng cao nhat.
Bang 3.4 : Ket qua danh gia cam quan sii-a cong thirc
Tong
TB chu-a CO HS
trong lirong
HS trong
Iirong
TB CO HS
trong lirong
Mau
45
4,5
0,6
2,7
Mill
44
4,4
1
4,4
Vi
45
4,5
1,2
5,4
Do hda tan
43
4,3
1,2
5,16
Mau
43
4,3
0,6
2,58
Mill
42
4,2
1
4,2
Vi
34
3,4
1,2
4,08
Do hda tan
38
3,8
1,2
4,56
Mau
45
4,5
0,6
2,7
Mui
45
4,5
1
4,5
Vi
38
3,8
1,2
4,56
Do hda tan
38
3,8
1,2
4,56
Mau
47
4,7
0,6
2,82
Mill
46
4,6
1
4,6
Vi
46
4,6
1,2
5,52
Do hda tan
48
4,8
1,2
5,76
Cong thirc
CTl
Diem chat
lu-ong
17,66
15,42
C'r2
16,32
CT3
18,7
CT4
Bang ket qua danh gia cam quan cho thay sira dugc phdi trdn theo CT4 cd diem chat lugng cao
nhat va bdng 18,7 xip loai Tot [10].
Chgn CT4 lam cdng thiic phdi trdn cac loai nguyen lieu.
3.1.3. Xay dirng cong thirc premix diing de phoi tron vol sira hot nguyen lieu
Dua tren nhu cdu dinh dudng khuyin nghi cho ngudi Viet Nam 2007 [12] dua tren khuyin nghj
vl vitamin, khoang chat cua WHO/FAO - 2002 ddi vdi tre tir 36 din 60 thang tudi, dua ra du
kien ham lugng vitamin va khoang chat cua sira thanh pham trong lOOg va trong 45g (1 lan sii
dung)
9
Bang 3.5: Thanh phan vitamin va khoang chat du- kien cua sira thanh pham
Thanh phan
Don vi
Trong lOOg
Trong 45g
Thiamin
mg
0.5
0.23
V-itamin A
meg
390
175.5
Vitamin D
meg
9
4.05
Vitamin E
mg
6
2.7
Acid folic
meg
120
54
Vitamin B12
meg
1.1
0.49
Vitamin B2
mg
0.6
0.27
Vitamin Be
mg
0.5
0.23
Vitamin C
mg
30
13.5
sdt
mg
8
3.6
Selen
meg
11
4.95
Kem
mg
10
4.5
Canxi
mg
700
315
Photpho
mg
530
238.5
Dua tren ham lugng du kien cua vitamin va khoang chat, tinh toan ham lugng vitamin va khoang
chat ciia sira phdi trdn theo ti le da chgn. Ham lugng vitamin va khoang chat can bd sung vao
lOOg siia bdt thanh pham dugc the hien d bang 3.6
Bang 3.6: Ham Iirong cac vitamin va khoang chat can bo sung vao lOOg san pham
Thanh phan
Don vi
Ham lu-ong
Vitamin Bi
mg
0.3
Vitamin D
meg
1.3
Vitamin E
mg
5.9
Acid folic
meg
120
Niacin
mg
5.9
Vitamin B2
mg
0.16
Vitamin Be
mg
0.3
Vitamin C
mg
26.1
sdt
mg
7.6
Selen
meg
11
Kem
mg
8.1
Canxi
mg
190
Photpho
mg
19.5
10
Dua tren ket qua du tinh lugng vitamin va khoang chat can bd sung vao lOOg sira thanh pham,
ciing vdi sir tham khao cua cac chuyen gia cdng thiic premix dugc xay dung de bd sung vao siia
dugc thi hien d bang 3.7
Bang 3.7. Cong thirc premix
Thanh phan
Vitamin Bi
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Acid folic
Niacin
Vitamin B2
Vitamin Be
Vitamin C
Don vi
Ham lu-ong/lOOg
mg
meg
g
mg
g
mg
mg
67
295
1.4
27
1.4
37
70
5.9
1.7
2.5
1.8
43
4.5
g
sdt
g
Selen
mg
Kem
g
Canxi
g
Photpho
g
Du kien bd sung 460mg premix vao lOOg sira thanh phdm
3.1.4. Nghien cihi cong thirc phoi trpn de tao sira bpt danh cho tre tir 1-5 tuoi
3.1.4.1. Lira ch9n ty le phoi tron dirong va FOS/inulin:
Thir nghiem phdi trdn dudng vdi cdng thiic sira bdt CT4 da dugc lua chgn theo 3 ti le khac nhau
la Ml: 5% dudng+ 5% FOS/inulin, M2: 6% dudng+4%F0S/inulin, M3: 7% dudng + 3% FOS
/inulin. Tien hanh danh gia cam quan theo phuong phap cho dilm thi hiiu, danh gia sir yeu thich
ve vi (thang diem 1-5) nhu sau:
Bang 3.8: Bang ket qua cam quan sira ti le b6 sung du-ong va FOS/inulin
NGPS
BTD
Tvien Ml
TBF
Tdng
M2
M3
Mau
2,00
10,47
1
4
5
3
12
Thanh
2
4
3
3
10
9,00
6,03
vien
3
4
12
3
5
Sai sd
18,00
4,87
4
4
2
9
3
Toan
4
5
2
4
10
29,00
21,37
phan
12
6
4
5
3
4
12
7
3
5
4
3
10
8
3
4
9
4
5
13
4
5
13
10
4
34
Tdng
46
113
33
3,4
4,6
TB
3,3
11
khac nhau
BFTB
F
5,23
19,36
0,67
0,27
2,48
Tuong quan phuang sai tra bang Ftc = 3,55 d mirc y nghia 0.5% vdi bac tu do mau 2, bac tu do
sai sd 18 [10] . F=19,36 > Ftc nen ket luan dugc rang cac mau dugc yeu thich khac nhau cd nghia.
Bang ket qua cho thay siia cd ti le phdi trdn theo mau M2 cd diem trung binh cao nhat nen la
mau cd vi dugc yeu thich nhat. Vi vay, chgn ti le dudng va FOS/inulin bd sung vao la 6%dudng
va 4%F0S/inulin.
3.1.4.2. Lya chon ty le phoi tron Lysine
Su dung L-lysine monohydroclorid de bd sung vao siia (l,25g L-lysine monoclorid cd Ig lysine).
Du kien trdn de sua thanh pham dat 1378mg lysine/1 OOg va khdng tao vi dang trong san pham.
Ket qua phan tich thanh phan lysine cua nguyen lieu (bang 3.2) cho thay nguyen lieu da cd mot
phan lysine nen phdi trdn lysine vdi cdng thiic siia da dugc lira chgn d tren theo cac ty le 800,
900, lOOOmg L-lysine/ibOg.
Tien hanh danh gia cam quan theo phuong phap cho diem thi hieu, danh gia su yeu thich ve vi,
thang diem 1 - 5 .
Bang 3.9: Ket qua danh gia cam quan vi cua sira khi bo sung lysine
800
mg
900
mg
1
5
4
4
13
2
4
5
4
13
3
5
4
4
13
4
5
5
3
13
5
4
4
4
12
6
5
5
3
13
7
5
5
4
14
8
4
4
4
12
9
4
5
4
14
10
4
5
4
13
Tdng
45
46
38
130
TB
4.5
4.6
3.8
Tvien
1000
mg
Tdng
NGPS
BTD
TBF
BFTB
F
Mau
2.00
4.27
2.13
7.58
Thanh
vien
9.00
1.33
0.15
0.53
Sai sd
18.00
5.07
0.28
Toan
phan
29.00
10.67
Tuong quan phuang sai tra bang Ftc - 3,55 [10] d miic y nghia 0.5% vdi bac tu do mau 2, bac tu
do sai sd 18. F > Ftc nen ket luan dugc rang cac mau dugc yeu thich khac nhau cd nghia. Bang
ket qua cho thay siia cd ti le phdi trdn L - Lysine 900mg/100g cd diem trung binh cao nhat nen
la mau dugc yeu thich nhat.
3.1.3.3 Xac dinh ti le phoi tron premix vol sira bot nguyen lieu
Dat mua Premix cua nha cung cap Fotitech, Malaysia, san xuat theo cdng nghe Dan Mach.
Thir nghiem phdi trdn Premix vdi cdng thiic sira bdt da dugc lira chgn d tren theo 3 ti le khac
nhau la Ml: 400mg, M2: 460mg, M3: 500mg premix/lOOg sira.
12
Phan tich mdt sd thanh phdn kem va canxi cua siia bdt thanh pham da trdn Premix theo 3 ti le
tren.
Bang 3.10: Ket qua phan tich thanh phan khoang chat cua sira hot tron Premix
Thanh phan
Don vi
Ml
M2
M3
Kem
mg/lOOg
8.9
9.8
11.1
Canxi
mg/lOOg
621
704
735
Theo ket qua phan tich bang 3.10, mau sira M2 cd ham lugng kem va canxi tuong duong vdi sira
du kien. Nhu vay lira chgn bd sung 460mg premix cho lOOg siia thanh pham
3.1.5. D^nh gia chat Iirong sira thanh pham
3.1.5.1: Kiem tra chat Iirong sCra thanh pham
Phan tich ham lugng protein, glucid, canxi, kem, lysine. Vitamin A, D, FOS/inulin, do am, vi
sinh vat cua siia thanh pham. Ket qua nhu bang sau:
Bang 3.11: Bang phan tich cac chi tieu chat lirong cua sira thanh pham
STT
Ten chi tieu
Don vi
Ket qua
%
4.24
1
Do am
2
Ham lugng Gluxit
g/lOOg
53.1
3
Ham lugng Lipit
g/lOOg
16.3
4
Ham lugng Protein
g/lOOg
19.7
5
Ham lugng Canxi
mg/lOOg
706
6
Ham lugng Kem
mg/lOOg
9.9
7
Ham lugng Lysine
g/lOOg
1.35
8
Tdng sd VSV hieu khi
CFU/g
KPH
9
Tdng sd Conforms
MPN/g
KPH
10
E.coli
MPN/g
KPH
11
S. aureus
CFU/g
KPH
12
B.cereus
MPN/g
KPH
13
Samonella
/25g
KPH
14
L. monocytogenes
CFU/g
KPH
15
Vitamin A
mg/lOOg
0.4
16
Vitamin D
meg/1 OOg
8.9
13
Tien hanh danh gia cam quan theo phuong phap cho diem thi hieu, danh gia miic do ua thich cua
sira thanh pham vdi cac loai siia hien cd danh cho tre tir 1-5 tudi tren thj trudng
Bang 3.12: Ket qua danh gia cam quan su-a thanh pham va san pham sira danh cho tre 1-5
tuoi tren thj trirong
Tdng
TB chira
coHS
trong
lirong
HS
trong
lirong
TBco
HS
trong
lirong
Mau
46
4.6
0.6
2.8
Mill
44
4.4
1
4.4
Vi
45
4.5
1.2
5.4
Do hda tan
45
4.5
1.2
5.4
Mau
45
4.5
0.6
2.7
Miii
44
4.4
1
4.4
Vi
41
4.1
1.2
4.9
Do hda tan
48
4.8
1.2
5.8
Mau
45
4.5
0.6
2.7
Miii
45
4.5
1
4.5
Vi
39
3.9
1.2
4.7
Do hda tan
42
4.2
1.2
5.0
Mau
47
4.7
0.6
2.8
Mill
46
4.6
1
4.6
Vi
46
4.6
1.2
5.5
Do hda tan
48
4.8
1.2
5.8
Cong thirc
Siia thanh pham
Dutch Lady
Nutifood
Nestle
Diem chat
lirong
18.0
17.8
16.9
18.7
Ke't qua danh gia cam quan cho thay siia thanh pham dat chat lugng tdt va do ua thich ve tdng
the cao hon so vdi siia ciia nutifood va tuong duong vdi sira Dutch Lady
3.1.4.2: Theo doi chat lirong san pham trong thoi gian bao quan
Theo ddi chat lugng siia bdt thanh pham theo thdi gian bao quan 6 thang.
14
Sira thanh pham dugc ddng gdi trong bao gdi mang nhdm va dugc de d nai khd mat, dinh ki 3
thang/lan kilm tra ham lugng protein, lipit, gluxit, canxi, kem, lysine, vitamin A, D, do am, vi
sinh vat cua sira bdt thanh phdm.
Bang 3.13: Ket qua phan tich sira thanh pham khi bao quan
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Ten chi tieu
Don vj
Dd am
Ham lugng Gluxit
Ham lugng Lipit
Ham lugng Protein
Ham lugng Canxi
Ham lugng Kem
Ham lugng Lysine
Tdng sd VSV hieu khi
Tdng sd Conforms
E.coli
S. aureus
B.cereus
Samonella
L. monocytogenes
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
%
Ket qua
g/lOOg
g/lOOg
g/lOOg
g/lOOg
mg/lOOg
g/lOOg
CFU/g
MPN/g
MPN/g
CFU/g
MPN/g
/25g
CFU/g
mg/lOOg
mg/lOOg
Sau 3 thang
4.5
53.1
16.3
19.7
700
9.9
1.35
2.2
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
0.38
8.5
Sau 6 thang
4.9
53.0
16.4
19.5
701
9.8
1.35
3.5x10
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
0.30
7.8
Vdi ket qua phan tich d bang 3.11 va 3.13 cho thay sau 3 va 6 thang bao quan do am cua sira cd
tang len 1 chiit, protein, lipid, gluxit, can xi, lysine, kem gan nhu khdng thay ddi, ham lugng
vitamin A va vitamin D cd giam di, ve chi tieu vi sinh vat van dam bao theo tieu chuan 46 cua
Bd Y tl.
3.2. So bo tinh toan gia thanh san pham
TT Khoan chi/Muc chi
A San xuat 1kg su-a hot
1 Siia bdt nguyen kem
2 Sira bdt gay
3 Chat beo
4 Dudng
5 Premix
6 L - lysine
8 FOS - inullin
9 Chi khac
B
Gia mot goi sfra hot thanh pham
Don vi
kg
kg
kg
kg
g
kg
kg
So lu-ong
0.150
0.400
0.350
0.060
0.460
0.009
0.040
250.000
g
15
Dan gia
99,000
95,000
35,000
15,000
500
130,000
62,000
Thanh tien (d)
76,880
14,850
38,000
12,250
900
230
1,170
2,480
7,000
19,220
3.3. Soan thao tai lieu quan li san xuat sira theo HACCP code 2003
3.3.1 Chinh sach cua nha may, so tay chat luong va an toan.
De thuc hien dugc viec quan li chat lugng san pham theo he thdng HACCP, dau tien can cd sir
ddng y va cam ket ciia ban lanh dao Trung tam thuc pham dinh dudng - Vien dinh dudng. Ndi
dung the hien trong sd tay chdt lugng va an toan (Phu luc 1) bao gdm thdng tin he thdng quan ly,
chinh sach an toan ciia Trung tam thuc phdm dinh dudng - Vien dinh dudng
3.3.2 Qui pham thirc hanh san xuat tot
GMP la quy pham san xuat, tiic la cac bien phap, thao tac thuc hanh can tuan thii nguyen tac dam
bao san xuat ra nhung san pham dat yeu cau chat lugng ve sinh an toan. GMP giup kiem soat tdt ca
nhiing yeu td lien quan den CLVSATTP cua san pham trong qua trinh san xuat che biln, tir khau
tiep nhan nguyen lieu den thanh pham cudi ciing. Qua trinh san xuat siia bdt bao gdm cac GMP
chinh (phu luc 2) nhu sau:
GMP 1: Tiep nhan nguyen lieu va luu kho
GMP 2: Kiem tra do am
GMP 3: Kiem tra siia
GMP 4: Kiem tra dudng
GMP 5: Kiem tra Premix
GMP 6: Nhap kho nguyen lieu
GMP 7: Xuat kho nguyen lieu
GMP 8: Xay dudng
GMP 9: Dinh lugng nguyen lieu
GMP 10: Trdn
GMP 11: Bao quan thanh pham va ban thanh pham
GMP 12: Cdng doan ddng gdi
GMP 13: Hoan thien san pham
GMP 14: Kiem tra cam quan
GMP 15: Luu kho va bao quan
GMP 16: Xuat kho san pham
3.3.3. SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures)
SSOP Cling GMP, kiem soat tat ca nhung yeu td lien quan den chat lugng ve sinh an toan thuc
pham cua san pham trong qua trinh san xuat, che bien, tir khau tiep nhan nguyen lieu den thanh
pham cudi ciing. SSOP la Quy pham ve sinh va thii tuc kiem soat ve sinh, nghia la cac quy pham
ve sinh dimg de dat dugc cac yeu cau ve sinh chung cua GMP.
Qui pham dieu kien ve sinh tdt SSOP (phu luc 3) bao gdm cac quy pham sau:
SSOP- sd 1: Ve sinh ngudn nude.
SSOP- sd 2: Cac be mat tiep xiic vdi san pham
SSOP- sd 3: Ngan ngira sir d nhiem cheo
SSOP- sd 4: Ve sinh cdng nhan.
SSOP- sd 5: Bao ve san pham de khdng bi nhiem ban.
SSOP- sd 6: Sii dung, bao quan diing each cac hda chat cd tinh dgc hai
SSOP- sd 7: Kiem soat sue khde cdng nhan.
SSOP- sd 8: Kiem soat ddng vat gay hai.
SSOP- sd 9: Dan nhan va bao quan diing quy each
3.3.4 Xay dung he thong quan ly chat lu-ong HACCP cho san xuat sira bot
16
3.3.4.1 Nhom HACCP
Thdnh vien Nhom cdng tdc HACCP
Ten thanh vien
Chirc vu cong tac
Vitri
Giap Van Ha
Thanh vien
Ky su, giam ddc trung tam
Nguyen Hdng Minh
Trudng nhdm
Thac SI
Hoang Cdng Quy
Thu ki tdng hgp
Ky SU
Nguyen Thiiy Ninh
Thanh vien
Sinh vien thuc tap
3.3.4.2 Mo ta san pham
Md ta san pham nhu bang sau:
STT
1
2 .
3
4
5
6
7
8 '
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
BANG MO TA SAN PHAM SLTA B O T
Mo ta
Sira bdt bd sung kem, canxi, lysine va prebiotic cho tre 1-5 tudi
- Siia bdt: Sura bgt nguyen kem, siia bdt gay, chat beo siia
Nguyen lieu
- Nguyen lieu bd sung: premix, lysine, dudng trang, FOS/inulin
San pham dugc bao gdi bang mang phuc hgp, cd khdi lugng
Md ta tdm tat qui
250g, cho vao trong hop giay phang, xep vao thiing cattong vdi
each thanh pham
the tich tuong iing
- Ham lugng am < 5%
Cac dac tinh quan
- Dang bdt min, khdng vdn cue, mau trang hoac kem nhat, mui
trgng ciia san pham
tham dac tnmg
- Sira bdt, chat beo, premix, lysine, FOS/inulin dugc mua d cac
Khu vuc khai thac
cdng ty nhap khau.
nguyen lieu
- Dudng dugc mua d cdng ty trong nude
Cach thiic bao quan,
Nguyen lieu dugc bao gdi theo qui each ciia nha san xuat, van
van chuyen va tiep
chuyen bang xe day kin ve xudng
nhan nguyen lieu
Cac cdng doan che Tiep nhan nguyen lieu —> Kiem tra —+ Liru kho —> Xay (Dudng)
—> Trdn -^ Ddng gdi -^ Hoan thien san pham —» Nhap kho
bien chinh
Phuang phap bao
Bao gdi each ly
quan
Mang phiic hgp 3 Idp
Bao gdi ben trong
Vd hop giay va thiing cattong
Bao gdi ben ngoai
Nai khd rao, thoang mat, sach se
Dieu kien bao quan
Dieu kien phan phdi,
van chuyen san Van chuyen bang phuong tien sach, cd che day kin
pham
Thdi gian sir dung
12 thang ke tir ngay san xuat
Cac yeu cau ve dan
Theo quy dinh hien hanh
nhan
Cac dieu kien dac
Khdng cd
biet
Phuang thirc sir - Dun sdi nude, de ngudi xudng nhiet do 60°C
dung
- Dinh lugng nude va sira nhu hudng dan
Dac diem
Ten san pham
17
- Pha siia vao nude, khuay deu, udng lien
- Sau khi md tui, budc kin, khdng de qua 30 ngay
Ddi tugng sir dung
Tre em tir 1 tdi 5 tudi
- Theo yeu cau khach hang
Cac qui dinh yeu
- Theo cac quy dinh va tieu chuan ciia nha nude
cau can tuan thu.
- Theo Quylt dinh sd 46/2007/QD-BYT ciia Bd Y tl
17
18
3.3.4.3 Xay dung so do qui trinh san xuat: Dua tren co sd quan ly chat lugng san pham sira
bdt cho tre tir 1-5 tudi theo he thdng HACCP.
Sff do qui trinh cong nghe san pham sira bot
Nhap nguyen lieu: Sira bdt nguyen
kem, siia bdt gay, chat beo siia,
premix, dudng, lyzine, FOS/inulin.
If
Kiem tra nguyen lieu
1
r
Luu kho
1
r
Xuat kho
"
1'
Dudng
Siia, nguyen lieu khac
ir
Xay (0.15mm; lOkg/me)
^
Dinhlugng
^
'
'
Trdn (50kg/me/20 phiit)
1
t
'
Ddng gdi (250g/gdi)
'
Hoan thien san pham (40-100
gdi/thimg carton)
Nhap kho
a. Nhdp nguyen lieu
+ Siia bdt: Sua bdt (sira bdt nguyen kem va siia bdt gay) dugc mua tir Newzealand, cd day dii
CA va bang cdng bd chat lugng cua nha san xuat.
Siia bdt nguyen lieu dugc van chuyen bang xe sach, bao bi cd ghi nhan day du va dugc kiem tra
tnrdc khi nhap kho.
18
+ Nguyen lieu khac: Cac nguyen lieu khac bao gom chdt beo sira, dudng trdng, premix, lysine,
FOS - inullin dugc thu mua tir nhung cdng ty uy tin.
Cac Id nguyen lieu cd ddy dii CA kem theo bang cdng bd chdt lugng cua nha san xudt. Ngoai ra,
nguyen lieu dugc van chuyen bdng xe sach, bao bi dugc ghi nhan ddy dii va dugc kilm tra trudc
khi nhap kho.
b. Luu kho
Nguyen lieu sau khi nhap dugc bao quan trong kho mat chd chi biln.
c. Xudt kho
Nguyen lieu dua vao san xuat phai cdn han sir dung va tinh chdt cam quan cdn nguyen ven.
d. Xay duang
Dudng dugc xay tdi kich thudc 0.15 mm, khoi lugng cua mdt me xay la 10 kg.
e. Dinh lugng vd tron
Cac loai nguyen lieu va dudng da xay dugc dugc dinh lugng rdi dua vao thilt bi phdi trdn.
Phuong phap phdi trgn la phuong phap trdn da cdp. Cac nguyen lieu cd khdi lugng it dugc trdn
trudc vdi nhau rdi den nguyen lieu cd khdi lugng ldn hon. Mdt me trdn khoang 50 kg, trong 20
phiit.
g. Ddng goi
Ban thanh pham sau khi trdn dugc dua tdi thiet bi ddng gdi. Khdi lugng moi gdi la 250g. Sau
khi ddng gdi cd thao tac kiem tra do kin cua bao bi.
h. Hodn thien sdn phdm
San pham sau khi ddng gdi dugc dan nhan, in thdi han sir dung, ngay san xuat, ki hieu Id hang
cimg vdi nhiing thdng tin khac theo yeu cau cua khach hang. San pham sau khi dan nhan dugc
ddng vao thiing cattong, mdi thiing gdm 40-100 gdi.
/. Nhap kho
San pham hoan thien dugc xep ngay ngan va bao quan trong kho mat.
3.3.4.4 Tham djnh so do quy trinh
Nhdm nghien cuu HACCP tien hanh kiem tra, xac nhan lai toan bg cac muc thuc hien trong
budc 4, bd sung nhiing thdng tin mdi va dieu chinh nhimg thdng tin cd sy thay ddi. Viec tham tra
nay dugc tien hanh trong thuc te san xuat, ca trong ca san xuat, van hanh thiet bi, trong gid
nghi... de bao dam mgi mdi nguy trong cac dieu kien khac nhau deu dugc nhan dien chinh xac.
3.3.4.5 Phan tich va lap danh muc cac mdi nguy hai va cac bien phap phong ngu-a - Xac
djnh cac CCP
Tien hanh phan tich mdi nguy theo so do cay (Phu luc 4) 3 cau hdi (ddi vdi nguyen lieu) va 4
cau hdi (ddi vdi quy trinh). Ndi dung phan tich va xac dinh cac CCP nhu Bang phan tich CCP
(Phu luc 5)
3.3.4.6 Thiet lap he thong giam sat cho tirng CCP
He thdng giam sat phai dugc xac dinh mdt each cu the bao gdm:
- Ndi dung giam sat la gi?
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