Tài liệu Lecture a_startup development

SUSTAINABILITY-ORIENTED STARTUP DEVELOPMENT 03.11.2016 Tim Stock Technische Universität Berlin Funded by the European Union AGENDA  Motivation from a Sustainability Point of View  Values in Engineering  Startup Development 2 AGENDA  Motivation from a Sustainability Point of View  Values in Engineering  Startup Development 3 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT  „Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs“. (World Commission on Environment and Development 1987, S.41) Environmental Domain Environments sustain societies that create economies which are based on technologies Social Domain Economic Domain Technological Domain [WCED-1987; WWF-2014] 4 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW SELECTION OF RELEVANT GLOBAL TRENDS 2015 & 2016  Socio-economic inequality Economic  Migration and displacement Social  Urbanization  Climate change  Environmental degradation  Rise of cyber dependency Environmental Technological [WEF-2016] 5 World Bank MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW SOCIO-ECONOMIC INEQUALITY  The average income of the richest 10% among the countries of the OECD has grown to about nine times to that of the poorest 10% - which corresponds to an all-time peak.  The inequality is not only present between social groups but also between genders. In average, women earn 16% less than men. OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD-2014; WEF-2015] 6 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW SOCIO-ECONOMIC INEQUALITY Wealth of bottom 50% ($bn) Wealth of richest 62 people (from Forbes, $bn) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 7 [OXFAM-2016] MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW MIGRATION AND DISPLACEMENT Number of people internally displaced by conflict and violence as of the end of 2015, millions 1,5 1,5 1,7 1,7 DRC South Sudan 2,1 Yemen 2,5 Iraq 6,3 Syria 6,6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  Global refugee flows have reached a level that is unprecedented in recent history. IDCM 3,2 3,3 7  In 2015, 40,8 million people were internally displaced (IDPs) worldwide as a result of conflict and violence, compared to 40 million at the time of World War II.  The total number of IDPs has doubled over the past 15 years and it is the highest figure ever reported since IDMC began monitoring internal displacement in 1998  Around three quarters, or 30 million people, were located in just ten countries – see figure above. [WEF-2016, IDCM-2016] 8 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW URBANIZATION Contribution to the increase in urban population by country, 2014 to 2050, millions 2500 2000 Other countries 1500 50 % 1000 India Democratic Republic of the Congo Pakistan USA Indonesia United Nations 500 Nigeria China 0  The increasing urbanization and global urban population growth is another main global societal trend which especially takes place in Africa and Asia. [WEF-2015, UN-2014] 9 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW SOCIO-ECONOMIC INEQUALITY Average annual temperature, °C 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 -0,2 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 nasa 0 -0,4  The climate change also puts pressure on societies by possibly being the reason for uncontrolled population migrations, since it has a direct impact on the ability to grow food and the access to water. [WEF-2015, NASA-2016] 10 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Global Living Planet Index, Index Value 1970 = 1 1 0 1970 1980 1990 2010 2000  According to the WWF Living Planet Index, a decline of 52 per cent between 1970 and 2010 occurred: On average, vertebrate species populations are about half the size they were 40 years ago. [GFN-2015; WWF-2014] 11 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Humanity’s Ecological Footprint, Number of Planet Earths 2 1 World biocapacity 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010  The consumption of regenerative resources can be measured through the Ecological Footprint, i.e. an estimate of the biologically active area needed to support humanity's current lifestyle.  The actual consumption of natural resources exceeds the regenerative capacity of the planet by 50%. Non-renewables are not considered. [GFN-2015; WWF-2014] 12 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW RISE OF CYBER DEPENDENCY Ramsoftware Detections, Oct 2015 = 100% 1200 1000 800 Germany World 600 400 200 0 Oct 15 Nov 15 Dez 15 Jan 16 Feb 16  The hyperconnectivety leads to a rising “cyber dependency” and the risk of largescale cyber-attacks [WEF-2015; HEISE-2016] 13 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW THE MOST LIKELY GLOBAL RISKS 2016: A REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE Central Asia including Russia Unemployment or underemployment Data fraud or theft Cyber attacks Fiscal crisis Extreme weather events Latin America and the Caribbean Failure of national governance Economic Societal Technological Water crises Failure of national governance Risk Category Geopolitical Unemployment or underemployment Natural catastrophes Middle East and North Africa Profound social instability Environmental Failure of national governance Large-scale involuntary migration North America Interstate conflict Energy price shock Europe Unemployment or underemployment East Asia an the Pacific Water crises South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Failure of critical infrastructure Unemployment or underemployment Extreme weather events [WEF-2016] 14 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS  169 targets to be achieved by 2030  Adopted by 193 countries during the 2015 UN General Assembly (October) [UN-2016] 15 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW  Startups can essentially contribute to a sustainable industrial development by transforming technological inventions into sustainable innovations.  By means of the market dynamics of cooperation and competition in global value chains and knowledge networks, these innovative products and services can contribute to a global sustainable development. 16 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW REFERENCES I Short cut [ACATECH-2013] Source Acatech: Umsetzungsempfehlungen für das Zukunftsprojekt Industrie 4.0 – Abschlussbericht des Arbeitskreises Industrie 4.0, 2013. [ENQ-1998] Enquete-Kommission des Bundestages: Abschlußbericht der Enquete-Kommission des 13. Deutschen Bundestages, Drucksache 13/11200, Berlin, 1998. [GAU-2015] Gausemeier, J.; Czaja, A.; Dülme, C.: Innovationspotentiale auf dem Weg zu Industrie 4.0. In: Wissenschafts- und Industrieforum Intelligente Technische Systeme 2015, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, 2015. [GFN-2015] Global Footprint Network: National Footprint Account results (2015 Edition), last access April 2015. [HEISE-2016] Heise Security: In Deutschland grassieren Erpressungs-Trojaner – so schützen Sie sich. www.heise.de/security/meldung/In-Deutschland-grassieren-Erpressungs-Trojaner-so-schuetzen-Sie-sich3143764.html?view=zoom;zoom=1, 2016. [HIR-2014] Hirsch-Kreinsen, H.; Weyer J.. "Wandel von Produktionsarbeit –„Industrie 4.0 “." Soziologisches Arbeitspapier 38, 2014. [IDCM-2016] Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre: 2016 Global Report on Internal Displacement (GRID 2016), 2016. [NASA-2016] NASA: NOAA Analyses Reveal Record-Shattering Global Warm Temperatures in 2015. www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20160120//, 2016 [OECD-2014] OECD: OECD Factbook 2014: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2014. [OXFAM-2016] Hardoon, D.; Fuentes-Nieva, R.; Ayele, S.: An Economy For the 1%: How privilege and power in the economy drive extreme inequality and how this can be stopped. Oxfam International, 2016. 17 MOTIVATION FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW REFERENCES II Short cut Source [SEL-2010] Seliger, G.: Emerging Markets bei materiellen Grenzen des Wachstums – Chancen nachhaltiger Wertschöpfung. In: Gausemeier; Wiendahl: Wertschöpfung und Beschäftigung in Deutschland, 2010. [STO-2016] Stock, T.; Seliger, G.: Opportunities of Sustainable Manufacturing in Industry 4.0. In: Proceeding of the 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, Vietnam, 2016. [UN-2014] UN-2014 United Nations: World Urbanization Prospects The 2014 Revision Highlights, 2014. [UN-2016] United Nations: Sustainable Development Goals, http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-developmentgoals, 2016. [WCED-1987] World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED): Our Common Future. United Nations. 1987. [WEF-2015] World Economic Forum: Global Risks 2015, 10th Edition, 2015 [WEF-2016] World Economic Forum: Global Risks 2016, 11th Edition, 2016 [WRG-2012] 2030 Water Resource Group: The Water Resource Group, Background, Impact and the Way Forward. Briefing report prepared for the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012 in Davos-Klosters, 2012. [WWF-2014] McLellan, R., Iyengar, L., Jeffries, B., & Oerlemans, N. (Eds.). (2014). Living Planet Report 2014: species and spaces, people and places. World Wide Fund for Nature. 18 AGENDA  Motivation from a Sustainability Point of View  Values in Engineering  Startup Development 19 VALUES IN ENGINEERING VALUE SYSTEM IN ENGINEERING  Development and selection of technological options under the influence of general frame conditions and individual dispositions [VDI-3780] Value System Frame conditions Objectives conceptualize Individual dispositions Preferences Restrictions Imaginable technical options Delimit; make precise Feasible technical options Evaluate Decide Realize Technological 17 20 reality