Tài liệu International conference on transportation and development 2018 connected and autonomous vehicles and transportation safet

Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Connected and Autonomous Vehicles and Transportation Safety Edited by Papers from Sessions of the International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania July 15–18, 2018 Yinhai Wang, Ph.D. Michael T. McNerney, Ph.D., P.E. Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2018 CONNECTED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND TRANSPORTATION SAFETY SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2018 July 15–18, 2018 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania SPONSORED BY The Transportation & Development Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers EDITED BY Yinhai Wang, Ph.D. Michael T. McNerney, Ph.D., P.E. Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Published by American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia, 20191-4382 www.asce.org/publications | ascelibrary.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. 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Errata: Errata, if any, can be found at https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784481530 Copyright © 2018 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-8153-0 (PDF) Manufactured in the United States of America. International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Preface Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the ASCE International Conference on Transportation and Development (ICTD 2018)! Organized by Transportation and Development Institute (T&DI), ICTD is ASCE’s flagship conference in transportation and development. The conference theme, Emerging Technologies: Impacts on Transportation and Development, represents our vision and goal for future endeavors in transportation and development research, education, and practice. ASCE ICTD 2018 awaits your active participation and contribution at the beautiful and scenic Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown Hotel from July 15 through 18, 2018. Pittsburgh is historically known as “the Steel City.” Now, about 1,600 technology firms, including Google, Apple, Bosch, Facebook, Uber, Nokia, Autodesk, and IBM, have landed in Pittsburgh, making it an important technology hub and one of the eleven most livable cities in the World. Being the host city of ASCE ICTD 2018, Pittsburgh offers many unique real-world examples for transportation and development professionals to feel, think, and learn. ASCE ICTD 2018’s technical program is featured with four plenary sessions:     Opening Plenary Session: Keynote Speeches from Federal, State, and Local Government Leaders. Private Sector CEO Forum: Impacts of Connected & Autonomous Vehicles on Transportation & Development - Perspectives of Leaders from the Private Sector State DOT CEO Forum: Impacts of Connected & Autonomous Vehicles on Transportation & Development - Perspectives of Leaders from the Public Sector. The Advent of CAVs - A Global Perspective: Current Status of Deployment and Future of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Around the World. The program covers deeper technical content on multiple modes and topics in transportation and development in eight (8) concurrent tracks. It also includes a variety of special events such as the T&DI Board of Directors’ Town Hall Meeting, Younger Members’ “The Best Advice I Ever Received” session, icebreaker reception, and an Awards Banquet. The conference is preceded with four (4) associated workshops:     Mobility as a Service Workshop University Transportation Center Technology Transfer Workshop NSF Civil Infrastructure Systems Workshop ASCE Ethics Workshop. All these workshops are carefully designed to enhance fruitful experience of participants. Last but not the least, conference attendees get the opportunity to attend over 15 technical committee meetings of ASCE as preconference event, covering all areas of transportation and development. In addition, partnering with Transportation Research Board (TRB), two TRB committees have chosen to host their mid-year meeting at ICTD 2018, giving conference attendees additional exposure to technical discussions and content. © ASCE iii International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 It is exciting to announce that ASCE ICTD 2018 attracted huge interests as indicated by the record high quality contributions and the rich technical program. A total of 146 papers were accepted for publication in the proceedings. These published papers went through a rigorous review and quality assurance process in the process of becoming a publication of ASCE – the world’s largest publisher of Civil Engineering content. The proceedings for this conference have been organized in four (4) different volumes based on the topical distribution as follows: Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.     Volume I: Connected & Autonomous Vehicles and Transportation Safety Volume II: Traffic & Freight Operations and Rail & Public Transit Volume III: Airfield & Highway Pavements Volume IV: Planning, Sustainability, and Infrastructure Systems All these accomplishments are due to the excellent team efforts of our Conference Steering Committee, and the terrific support from ASCE-T&DI staff. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the authors and conference participants for their solid contributions. We are also grateful to all paper reviewers for their outstanding volunteer efforts. Finally, our special thanks goes to the entire Conference Steering Committee, Local Organizing Committee, T&DI technical committee volunteers, ASCE-T&DI staff members, sponsors, exhibitors, invited speakers, and session chairs for their hard work and great efforts to help lead ASCE ICTD 2018 on track to a great success! ASCE ICTD has been an excellent platform for information exchange, experience sharing, and professional networking since it was launched in 2011. We hope ASCE ICTD 2018 to be another wonderful and rewarding experience in your memory. Wish you a very pleasant stay in Pittsburgh! ASCE ICTD 2018 Co-Chairs & Proceedings Editors Yinhai Wang, Ph.D., M.ASCE University of Washington © ASCE Michael T. McNerney, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE University of Texas at Arlington iv International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Acknowledgements Conference Steering Committee Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Yinhai Wang, Ph.D., M.ASCE (Co-Chair & Proceedings Editor) University of Washington Michael T. McNerney, Ph.D., M.ASCE (Co-Chair & Proceedings Editor) University of Texas at Arlington Chris Hendrickson, Ph.D., Hon.M.ASCE (Chair, Local Organization Committee) Carnegie Mellon University Randall (Randy) S. Over, P.E., F.ASCE, Retd. (Chair, Sponsorships & Exhibits) 2014 President of ASCE, Ohio DOT Brian McKeehan, P.E., F.ASCE (Past-Chair) Gresham, Smith and Partners Katherine Kortum (Track Chair, Development) Transportation Research Board (TRB) Robert Bryson, P.E., M.ASCE Retd. (Track Chair, Roadways) City of Milwaukee Walt Kulyk, P.E., M.ASCE, Retd. (Track Chair, Rail & Public Transit) Federal Transit Administration Rich Thuma, P.E., M.ASCE (Track Chair, Aviation) Crawford, Murphy & Tilly Zhanmin Zhang, Ph.D., M.ASCE (Track Chair, Mode Spanning) University of Texas at Austin Jianming Ma, P.E., M.ASCE (Track Chair, Connected & Autonomous Vehicles’ Impacts) Texas Department of Transportation Local Organizing Committee Chris Hendrickson, Ph.D., Hon.M.ASCE (Chair, Local Organization Committee) Carnegie Mellon University David DiDiogia, P.E., M.ASCE McMahon Associates © ASCE v International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Sean Qian, Ph.D., M.ASCE (Student & Younger Member Activities) Carnegie Mellon University Stan Caldwell, Ph.D., M.ASCE Carnegie Mellon University Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Julie Vandenbossche, Ph.D., M.ASCE University of Pittsburgh Paper Reviewers Ahmed Abdeldayem Renju Abraham Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc. Emmanuel Adanu University of Alabama Nithin Agarwal University of Florida Baabak Ashuri Georgia Tech University Husain Abdul Aziz Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joel Barnett Department of Transportation Geoff Baskir Federal Aviation Administration Ricardo Aitken Ahmad Al-Akhras Public Transport Authority of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Majed Al-Ghandour North Carolina DOT Priyanka Alluri Florida International University Panagiotis Anastasopoulos University at Buffalo Michael Anderson University of Alabama in Huntsville Justice Appiah Virginia DOT Ricardo Archilla University of Hawaii Warda Ashraf Purdue University © ASCE Rahim Benekohal University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Abhinav Bhattacharyya University of California, Berkeley Richard Boudreau Boudreau Engineering, Inc. Georges Bou-Saab Iowa State University David Brill Federal Aviation Administration Robert Bryson Ayres Associates Lei Bu Jackson State University Qing Cai University of Central Florida Samuel Cardoso vi International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Consultant on Airports and Airfield Pavements Silvia Caro Universidad de los Andes, Columbia Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Halil Ceylan Iowa State University Karim Chatti Michigan State University Nspire Green Kakan Dey West Virginia University Sunanda Dissanayake Kansas State University Kimberly Eccles VHB Larry Emig Ghassan Chehab American University of Beirut Deogratias Eustace University of Dayton Peter Chen Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority Ahmed Faheem Temple University Subeh Chowdbury University of Auckland Wei Fan UNC Charlotte Mashrur Chowdhury Clemson University Muhammad Farhan Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Eleni Christofa University of Massachusetts, Amherst Luis Ferreras David Clarke University of Tennessee, Knoxville Julius Codjoe State of Louisiana Alison Conway City College of New York Seosamh Costello University of Auckland Velvet Fitzpatrick The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Scott Forbes Mike Frabizzio Advanced Infrastructure Design, Inc. Jason Frank Garver Robert Costigan Ryan Fries Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Qingbin Cui University of Maryland James Gallagher Resolution Management Consultants, Inc. Jordan Daniell HNTB Corporation Christopher Garlick Michael Garvin Veronica Davis © ASCE vii Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Jungyeol Hong University of Seoul Nasir Gharaibeh Texas A&M University Kamal Hossain University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Scott Gibson Regional Transportation Commission of Washoe County, Nevada Mohammad Imran Hossain Bradley University Konstantina Gkritza Purdue University Salil Gokhale Dynatest Nima Golshani University of Illinois at Chicago Yaobang Gong University of Central Florida © ASCE Mustaque Hossain Kansas State University Jill Hough North Dakota State University Jia Hu University of Virginia Hai Huang Penn State University Jozef Grajek EJG Aviation Mouyid Islam Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida Feng Guo Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Reza Jafari Road Safety and Transportation Solutions, Inc. Jim Hall Applied Research Associated, Inc. Mohammad Jalayer Rutgers University Thomas Hall Purdue University Steven Jones University of Alabama John Harvey UC Davis Ganesh Karkee City of Sunnyvale, California David Hein Applied Research Associated, Inc. Kurt Keifer Gorrondona & Associates, Inc. Brendon Hemily Hemily and Associates Vivek Khanna WSP Chris Hendrickson Carnegie Mellon University Myungseob Kim Western New England University Frank Hermann Sonny Kim University of Georgia viii Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Ronald Knipling Safety for the Long Haul, Inc. Min Liu NC State University Kristin Kolodge J.D. Power Cheryl Lowrance VHB Alexandra Kondyli University of Kansas Jianming Ma Texas Department of Transportation Eleftheria Kontou National Renewable Energy Laboratory Wanjing Ma Katherine Kortum Transportation Research Board Gregory Krueger HNTB Corporation Emin Kutay Michigan State University Samuel Labi Purdue University Hyung Lee Applied Research Associated, Inc. Kang-Won Lee University of Rhode Island © ASCE Matthew Mace Hill International Rajib Mallick Worcester Polytechnic Institute Angel Mateos University of California, Berkeley Akhilesh Maurya Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Mehran Mazari California State University, Los Angeles Leslie McCarthy Villanova University Matthew Lesh Brian McKeehan Gresham Smith & Partners Yingfeng Li Center for Infrastructure-Based Systems Magaret McNamara University of Alabama Zhenning Li University of Hawaii Sue McNeil University of Delaware John Lieswyn ViaStrada Mike McNerney University of Texas at Arlington Lei Lin University at Buffalo Richard Meininger Department of Transportation Huiyuan Liu University of Nebraska-Lincoln Mariely Mejias US Army Corps of Engineers Jun Liu Deb Mishra ix International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Boise State University Lambros Mitropoulos University of Hawai'i, Manoa Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Amin Mohamadi Hezaveh University of Tennessee, Knoxville Nadereh Moini New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority Ali Mokhtari University of Iowa Dan Murphy CDM Smith Brian Park University of Virginia Ram Pendyala Arizona State University Josh Peterman Fehr & Peers Diniece Peters New York City Department of Transportation Mike Murphy University of Texas at Austin Kelly Pitera Norwegian University of Science and Technology Scott Murrell Applied Research Associated, Inc. Avinash Prasada New York City Transit Anusha Musunuru Kittelson & Associates Panos Prevedouros University of Hawaii Andrzej Nowak Auburn University Srinivas Pulugurtha UNC Charlotte Osama Osman Louisiana State University Yu Qian University of South Carolina Aleli Osorio-Lird Zhen Qian Carnegie Mellon University Yanfeng Ouyang University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Hasan Ozer University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Srikanth Panguluri CH2M Aristeidis Pantelias University College London Tom Papagiannakis University of Texas at San Antonio © ASCE Cody Parham HDR, Inc. Brian Reynolds WSP Laurence Rilett University of Nebraska-Lincoln Charles Rivasplata San Jose State University Dimitris Rizos University of South Carolina Stephen Romanoschi x International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 University of Texas, Arlington Dean Rue CH2M Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Eugene Russell Kansas State University Tariq Saeed Purdue University Milad Saghebfar Louisiana State University Mitsuru Saito Brigham Young University Robert Scancella James Scherocman Consulting Engineer Wayne Seiler All About Pavements, Inc. Mohamadreza Shafieifar Florida International University Vikas Sharma Kimley-Horn Samih Shilbayeh Washignton State Department of Transportation © ASCE Jerry Spears Montana Association of Counties David Stanek Fehr & Peers Aleksandar Stevanovic Florida Atlantic University Robert Stevens Arcadis Xiaoduan Sun University of Louisiana, Lafayette Prajol Tamrakar University of Texas at El Paso Shiraz Tayabji Advanced Concrete Pavement Consultancy LLC Athanasios Theofilatos National Technical University of Athens Rich Thuma Crawford, Murphy & Tilly Raul Tiwari School of Planning & Architecture Bhopal, India Oscar Oviedo Trespalacios Amit Kumar Singh Atkins Erol Tutumluer University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Sarbjeet Singh New York City Transit Majbah Uddin University of South Carolina David Smith Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Avinash Unnikrishnan Portland State University Tai-Jin Song Korea Transport Institute Donald Uzarski University of Illinois Reginald Souleyrette University of Kentucky Amiy Varma North Dakota State University xi International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Eileen Velez-Vega Kimley-Horn Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Matthew Volovski Manhattan College Chao Wang University of California, Riverside Yinhai Wang University of Washington Ziran Wang University of California, Riverside Quintin Watkins Michael Baker Internation Jim Wilde Minnesota State University Mankato Zifeng Wu AECOM Hao Xu University of Nevada, Rio Guangchuan Yang University of Wyoming Xianfeng Yang University of Utah Anil Yazici Stony Brook University Mohamed Zaki University of British Columbia Raymond Zee Federal Aviation Administration Billy Williams NC State University Weibin Zhang Nanjing University of Science and Technology Guoyuan Wu University of California, Riverside Zhanmin Zhang University of Texas at Austin Mengqi Wu Port of Seattle Jiguang Zhao CH2M Shenghua Wu University of South Alabama Mo Zhao Virginia DOT Yina Wu University of Central Florida Zhuping Zhou Nanjing University of Science and Technology Workshop Organizers Laurence Rilett, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE University of Nebraska at Lincoln Workshop: UTC Technology Transfer Cynthia Chen, Ph.D. Irina Dolinskaya University of Washington National Science Foundation (NSF) Workshop: NSF Funding Opportunities in CMMI: CIS and OE Program © ASCE xii International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Guohui Zhang Wanjing Ma University of Hawaii Tongji University Workshop: Mobility as a Service (MaaS) xiii Meng Li Tsinghua University Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Tara Hoke, Aff.M.ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Workshop: Ethics for the Practicing Engineer Staff Muhammad Amer, M.ASCE Director, Transportation & Development Institute (T&DI) of ASCE Debi Denney Manager, Transportation & Development Institute (T&DI) of ASCE Rachel Hobbs Administrator, T&DI and Construction Institute (CI) Conferences Neal Sweeney Coordinator, Transportation & Development Institute (T&DI) of ASCE Donna Dickert Senior Manager / Acquisitions Editor, ASCE Books Drew Caracciolo Manager, Exhibit & Sponsorship Sales, ASCE © ASCE International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Contents Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Advanced Technologies and Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) The Relationship between For-Hire Service Pickups and Built Environment Characteristics: Evidence from New York City ..................................................1 Jina Mahmoudi and Lei Zhang Recommend an Electronic Vehicle Sharing Pattern in Metropolitan Cities Using AHP Method ...........................................................................................................13 Xuejin Wan, Jiachuan Wang, Zuocheng Wang, Minwei Li, Chen Wang, and Shangfo Huang Investigating the Relationship between Collision Characteristics and Traffic Level of Service through Big Data Analytics: A Case Study in the State of Virginia.................................................................................................................24 D. Pan, C. E. Silverstein, L. Xiao, A. J. Caamaño, W. Zhang, and S. H. Hamdar Introduction and Analysis of a Large-Scale Benchmark Automatic Vehicle Identification Dataset .....................................................................................................35 Zhaocheng He, Kaiying Chen, Xinyu Chen, and Weiwei Sun Modeling Connected Vehicle Impacts on Traffic Mobility, Safety, and Emission.................................................................................................................................44 Heng Wei, Hao Liu, Ting Zuo, and Y. Jeffrey Yang Mass Transit—A Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Highway...........................................56 Maniel Vineberg Research on Lane-Changing Behavior in the Mixed Autonomous Vehicles and Human-Driven Vehicles Environment ................................................................67 Changmei Dongye and Jianjun Shi From ADAS to Autonomous Vehicles: A Discussion Based on a Survey in Japan .........................................................................................................................................78 Ryosuke Ando and Yasuhide Nishihori Research on Precise Positioning Algorithm of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles with High-Speed Moving..............................................................................................88 Huaikun Xiang and Antao Ming Quantifying the Mobility and Energy Benefits of Automated Mobility Districts Using Microscopic Traffic Simulation ........................................................................98 Lei Zhu, Venu Garikapati, Yuche Chen, Yi Hou, H. M. Abdul Aziz, and Stanley Young © ASCE xiv International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Autonomous Vehicle Routing Optimization in a Competitive Environment: A Reinforcement Learning Application .........................................................109 Alireza Mostafizi, Mohammad Rayeedul Kalam Siam, and Haizhong Wang Estimating the Future Travel Costs Using Shared Autonomous Vehicle (SAV) Systems ..............................................................................................................119 Linda Lim and Aly Tawfik The Impacts of Connected Vehicles on Fuel Consumption, and Traffic Operation under Recurring and Nonrecurring Congestion .....................................132 Arezoo Samimi Abianeh, Mark W. Burris, Alireza Talebpour, and Kumares C. Sinha Transportation Safety Meta-Analysis of the Risk of Fatal and Incapacitating Injury in Tangent W-Beam Guardrail Terminal Collisions ..................................................................141 Malcolm H. Ray and Christine E. Carrigan Assessing the Field Performance of W-Beam Terminals in Washington .............................152 Christine E. Carrigan and Malcolm H. Ray Assessment of Existing Barrier Warrants for Roadside Slopes ............................................161 Christine E. Carrigan, Malcolm H. Ray, and Chuck A. Plaxico A Probability-Based Approach for Assessment of Concrete Median Barriers .......................................................................................................................................171 Qian Wang, Hongbing Fang, and Hanfeng Yin Impact of Part-Time Shoulder Use on Safety through the Highway Safety Manual.............................................................................................................................180 Sean Coffey and Seri Park Developing Crash Modification Factors Using Multiuser Driving Simulator .....................188 Abdulla Ali and Nishantha Bandara Safety Evaluation of Raised Speed Limits on Kansas Freeways Using Empirical Bayes Method ...........................................................................................................201 Reza S. Shirazinejad and Sunanda Dissanayake Identifying Hazardous Roadways and Analyzing Severity of Motorcycle Crashes in the Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska ................................................................210 Osama Abaza and Tanay Datta Chowdhury Travel Time Based Performance Measures to Assess the Effect of Crashes by Severity....................................................................................................................221 Synthia Tagar and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha © ASCE xv International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Proactive Safety Treatments of Red Light Violations Using Microsimulation Modeling ........................................................................................................232 M. Paul and I. Ghosh Visualizing the Effect of a Crash over Space and Time Using Historical Travel Time and Crash Data ....................................................................................................242 Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, Venkata R. Duddu, and Kamalkannan Elangovan Effect of Driver Distraction on Traffic Flow Stability via Desired Safety Margin Model .................................................................................................................253 Junjie Zhang, Yunpeng Wang, Guangquan Lu, and Wenmin Long Mechanism of the “White Hole” Phenomenon and Relative Security Technology in the Tunnel ..........................................................................................................265 Jiangbi Hu and Xiaojuan Gao Driver Responses to Green Signal Flash and Countdown Displays at Signalized Intersections: A Comparative Study Using Driving Simulator ..........................275 Zehao Jiang and Xiaoguang Yang Optimization Layout of Warning Signs Based on Road Information Pulse Model.................................................................................................................................285 Yu Chen and Yuren Chen A Study on Light Source Characteristics of Nighttime Highway Foggy Section Based on Driving Visual Cognition Demand .............................................................296 Jiangbi Hu, Jianlong Chen, Chike Yuan, and Jingli Wang The Self-Explainability of Demand-Oriented Road Improvement .......................................305 Yichi Yang, Jun Ma, Chun Gao, Jingbo Huang, and Yongqiang Zhao Impact of Countdown Device on Driver Behavior at Signalized Intersection .................................................................................................................................314 Yulong He and Xiaoduan Sun Calibration of Highway Safety Manual Predictive Methods for 4-Leg Signalized Intersections at Urban and Suburban Areas in Kansas ......................................321 Rijesh Karmacharya and Sunanda Dissanayake Improving the Safety of Left-Turn Operations at Signalized Intersections for High-Risk Groups ................................................................................................................329 Ahmed Abdel-Rahim and Angel Gonzalez Safety Effectiveness of Chevrons and Postmounted Delineators in Reducing Lane-Departure Crashes ...........................................................................................................336 Uditha Galgamuwa and Sunanda Dissanayake © ASCE xvi International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual for Basic Freeway Segments in Kansas .....................................................................................................................................346 Imalka C. Matarage and Sunanda Dissanayake The Effect of Distractions on Common Crash Types of Teenage Drivers in Kansas .....................................................................................................................................356 Ibrahim Alfallaj and Sunanda Dissanayake GIS Based Spatial Analysis of Pedestrian Crashes: A Case Study of South Carolina ...........................................................................................................................368 Afshin Famili, Wayne A. Sarasua, Jennifer H. Ogle, Alireza Shams, and Niloofar Asadi Locating Speed Limit Signs for Freeway Tunnel Entrance and Exit ...................................377 Han Bai, Lemei Yu, Tong Zhang, Doudou Xie, and Na Cui © ASCE xvii International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 The Relationship between For-Hire Service Pickups and Built Environment Characteristics: Evidence from New York City Jina Mahmoudi, P.E.1; and Lei Zhang, Ph.D.2 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. 1 Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, 1173 Glenn Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742. E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Transportation Center, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maryland, 1173 Glenn Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study employs structural equation modeling techniques to investigate the relationship between demand for taxi, Uber, and Lyft services and socioeconomic, built environment characteristics, and access to transit and bike-sharing modes, for taxi zones within New York City. The results show that income and car ownership levels influence demand for these for-hire modes. Additionally, higher activity density and higher extent of mixed land-use are associated with increased demand for for-hire modes, while pedestrian-friendly street networks are associated with lower demand levels. Temporal destination accessibility also has an impact on demand for taxi, Uber, and Lyft. Further, accessibility to transit and bike-sharing significantly influences demand for for-hire modes. These findings provide a better understanding of the link between for-hire modes and built environment as well as accessibility to other modes, which can be used to improve demand forecasting of taxi, Uber, and Lyft services in large cities. INTRODUCTION A sound understanding of the factors that influence demand for each mode of travel is essential for planning an effective multimodal transportation system in urban settings. A crucial component of such a complex multimodal system is the for-hire mode, which has a potential to either compete with or complement other travel modes. Demand levels for for-hire service can be very high in big cities. A study for the case of New York City (NYC) estimated that taxicab ridership was nearly 241 million in NYC, which translated into 11% of all fare-paying riders and 25% of all riders traveling within Manhattan (Schaller 2006). However, the taxi industry in NYC is facing serious competition from emerging on-demand ride-hailing services such as Uber and Lyft (Cramer and Krueger 2016; Correa et al. 2017). These modern ride-hailing services are utilizing cutting edge smart-phone-based Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies to reshape the urban transportation landscape. A recent study reported that from 2014 to 2015, the number of Uber trips had a sizable increase of 10 million, while taxi trips (including both yellow and green taxis) decreased by 0.8 million (Correa et al. 2017). The latter study also estimated that Manhattan had the lowest rate of growth of Uber trips. These statistics provide an example for the dramatic increase in demand for modern ride-hailing services and their potential impact on taxi demand. Nevertheless, traditional taxicab remains a key category of the for-hire mode in urban areas despite the tremendous growth of modern ride-hailing services (i.e., Uber and Lyft). Recognizing the notable impact of taxis on urban travel, several studies have probed to determine the factors that influence demand for taxis in major urban areas (see e.g., Schaller 2005; Qi et al. 2011; Gonzales et al. 2014; Cramer and Krueger 2016; Correa et al. 2017). © ASCE 1 Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by RMIT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 01/03/19. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved. International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018 However, few studies have rigorously examined land use and built environment factors that influence taxi demand, and the link between taxi demand and accessibility to other modes. In addition, while Uber and Lyft are undoubtedly and rapidly growing in the number of trips serviced, several critical questions remain related to the perceived competition of these modern ride-hailing services with traditional taxicabs. Specifically, little is known about the influence of socioeconomic, land use and built environment characteristics, and access to bike-sharing on demand for taxis versus demand for Uber and Lyft. To address these gaps in knowledge, the present study develops models for estimating the annual number of picks-ups for traditional taxis versus those of Uber and Lyft. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques are employed to develop models specified by variables representing socioeconomic, land use and built environment characteristics as well as access to transit and bike-sharing for taxi zones within New York City (NYC) for the year of 2015. Findings from this analysis can assist transportation professionals and policy decision-makers to better understand factors that influence demand for for-hire modes of travel, and to provide services accordingly. LITERATURE REVIEW Existing literature demand for the for-hire mode mainly focuses on demand for taxis. Schaller (2005) developed multiple linear regression models to model the number of taxicabs using data from 118 U.S. cities. The study found that the number of taxicabs in U.S. cities was strongly associated with the number of subway commuters, the number of airport taxi trips as well as the number of households that owned no private vehicles. More recent studies on taxi demand utilized large Global Positioning System (GPS) data to estimate taxi demand models. Work by Gonzales et al. (2014) modeled taxi pick-ups and dropoffs for census tracts in NYC by hour of the day. The study utilized GPS data and included demographic, socioeconomic and employment as well as transit accessibility variables. The results indicated that among other factors, median income, the number of employment opportunities, and transit accessibility were significant in estimating taxi demand. Additional studies utilizing GPS taxi data were focused on social activity patterns (Qi et al. 2011) and human/urban mobility patterns (Yao and Lin 2016). Traditionally, taxicab companies dominated the for-hire market. However, emerging ridehailing services such as Uber and Lyft are growing in popularity—presenting an unprecedent level of competition with taxicabs (Cramer and Krueger 2016). Considering the potential impacts of Uber and Lyft, several studies have been conducted to analyze the impact of these emerging services on traditional for-hire services (Cramer and Krueger 2016), and on local economies (Rogers 2015; Krueger and Hall 2016). These studies found that Uber has shown a tremendous growth in popularity in the U.S., especially in major metropolitan areas. Later, Correa et al. (2017) examined the impact of Uber on taxi market by analyzing demand for Uber and taxi in neighborhoods in NYC. Results indicated that higher demands for taxi and Uber within the neighborhood are associated with lower transit access time, higher length of roadways, lower levels of car ownership, higher levels of income and more employment opportunities. The study confirmed the existence of high correlation between taxi and Uber pickups. Though most studies show the importance of the for-hire mode in urban transportation, many questions remain regarding the demand levels of the emerging ride-hailing services (e.g., Uber and Lyft). More recent papers tend to involve Uber and Lyft data for demand analysis of for-hire © ASCE 2