Tài liệu Grammar space 3 studentbook

Student Book Supplementary Material Introduction Review Test Each unit opens with a simple, real-life conversation that shows the use of the unit’s grammar points. After every four units, students will take a review test. The tests will help students recall what they have studied and assess their understanding of the grammar points. Grammar Point Two grammar boxes explain the main grammar points in the unit. Simple charts and corresponding pictures help students clearly understand and easily grasp the fundamental grammar structures that are being taught. The grammar boxes are followed by practical exercises and drills that allow students to quickly check what they have learned. PLUS+ Simple tips about minor exceptions, useful expressions, and word usage are provided to give students a more in-depth understanding of the grammar points. Appendix More grammar rules and information are included at the back of the book. Midterm/Final Test Practice Various exercises are presented to allow students to review and reinforce each unit’s grammar points and help them gradually expand their understanding of the grammar rules. Grammar for Writing This section allows students to complete a written passage by applying their understanding of the key grammar points. Each unit also includes an interesting reading passage that incorporates the grammar points students have learned. The midterm and final tests allow students to evaluate their progress throughout the course. Sentences, Nouns, & uantifiers Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Parts of a Sentence 1 Subject & Predicate Subject + Verb + Object / Complement | Parts of a Sentence 2 Subject + Verb + I.O. + D.O. | Subject + Verb + Object + O.C. Quantifiers A Few / A Little Pronouns Pronouns & Possessives | 6 10 14 Many / Much / A Lot Of | Adjectives, Adverbs, Modal Verbs, & The Passive Indefinite Pronouns 18 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Adjectives & Adverbs Adjectives & Adverbs Modal Verbs 1 Ability, Permission, & Advice: Can / May / Should 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be Positive & Negative | Yes / No Questions Present Simple vs. Past Simple Positive & Negative | Yes / No Questions Present Simple vs. Present Continuous Present Simple vs. Present Continuous | Stative (Non-Action) Verbs Present vs. Past Continuous Positive & Negative | Yes / No Questions 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Present Perfect Positive & Negative | Yes / No Questions Present Perfect vs. Past Simple Use & Meaning 1 | Use & Meaning 2 Future Will | 22 26 30 34 Possibility: May / Might Information Questions Information Questions | How + Adjective / Adverb | Requests: Could You / Would You The Passive The Passive 1 | 58 62 66 The Passive 2 Unit 17 Unit 18 Unit 19 Unit 20 Participial Adjectives Present Participles & Past Participles | Participial Adjectives Infinitives Infinitives as Nouns | Infinitives as Adverbs / Adjectives Gerunds Gerunds | Relative Pronouns | 74 78 Gerunds as Objects Relative Pronouns as Subjects 70 Relative Pronouns as Objects 82 Supplementary Material 38 42 46 Be Going To Necessity: Must / Have To 54 Infinitives, erunds, & Relative Pronouns Present Perfect & Future Tense Unit | Modal Verbs 2 Present Tense & Past Tense Unit Comparatives & Superlatives | 50 • Review Tests 1 - 5 • Appendix • Midterm Test / Final Test 88 - 97 98 - 100 1 Parts of a Sentence 1 Subject + Verb + Object/Complement A: I stayed at home on Sunday. What about you? B: I had sushi at a restaurant. It was delicious. Some sentences are made up of a subject, a verb, and an object. The object is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb. Subject A sentence has a subject and a predicate. The subject tells who or what the sentence is about. Subject (noun) (pronoun) (noun phrase) eats pizza for dinner. She around the park. an English teacher. spaghetti. me a secret. her dog Pluto. French. a mouse. soccer Linking Verb is looks felt an art teacher. heavy. sleepy A Write the subjects, verbs, objects, and complements. Subject Divide the sentences into subjects and predicates with slashes( /). 1. Joanna and I like the main character in the cartoon. Object Complement Jim wrote a story × 2. They were angry at me. 3. The roses smell sweet. 3. The sweater in the shop feels soft and warm. 4. We bought a cushion yesterday. 4. My friend Mike likes playing baseball after school. 5. Verb 1. John ran at the park. My sister plays computer games every day. 2. after lunch. Some common linking verbs are be, look, feel, sound, smell, and taste. Jim wrote a story about his trip. A at the park. Complement My mother The dictionary Sarah and Jane Predicate walks is cooked told named speaks saw played Subject The predicate tells what the subject is or does. There is at least one verb in a predicate. Subject Object Some sentences are made up of a subject, a verb, and a complement. The complement describes the subject and comes after a linking verb. Predicate Peter He My brother Verb Mr. White The cat The people Subject & Predicate 5. Ben and I are students. The flowers on the table are from John. 6. The tallest girl in my class is Miranda. B Circle the verbs and underline the predicates. B Read the underlined words and check(✔). Object 1. My grandparents are my heroes. 2. The baker bakes bread at six a.m. 3. My father bought me a new computer. 3. The baby is holding a toy in her hand. 4. Rudolph has a very shiny nose. 4. The scientist studies the plants on the mountain. 5. They are students from China. 5. The sofa feels really comfortable. 6. Ben drinks a glass of milk every morning. 6 1. Ms. Kimble’s new car looks expensive. 2. The subway moves quickly along the track. Complement 6. Kevin’s sisters are very pretty. Unit 1 • Parts of a Sentence 1 7 Practice A Check(✔) the correct places for the verbs. 1. are My parents 1 proud 2. take We a bus 2 to school 3. studied 4. 1 Tiffany 1 5. pressed The man 6. bought 1 great 2 My parents me 1 2 me. Complete Sarah's health report and write the numbers of the objects and complements. Sarah doesn’t get up early. So she doesn’t eat every day. 2 in the elevator 1 3 3 fashion design Your new dress looks of 2 A in Paris on 2 3 3 1 . a button 3 3 Yes No . 1. I get up early. . every day. But she also likes 3 Name: Sarah Wells you. a cell phone 2 HEALTH CHECKLIST in the morning. She eats and pizza. Eating them too much is not good for her health. She often 2. I skip breakfast. feels 3. I eat vegetables every day. 4 after school. She needs tired 4. I like hamburgers and pizza. B 5. I exercise three times a week. Choose and complete the sentences. Then check(✔). sweet tired movies wet doesn’t think she is his textbook Object I am a healthy person. Complement Complement after work. 4. I clean B every weekend. Find the sentences that are S +V +O and S +V +C and write the numbers. to me. 5. The sauce tasted 1 . 6. The clothes on the line are Fruits and vegetables have many different colors. Did you know that foods of different colors have different health benefits? C . at night. 3. Jonathan is always healthy 7. I sleep well at night. my room to school. 2. My brothers watch 5 6. I feel tired after school. Object 1. John didn’t bring to exercise more. She sleeps well at night. She is the girls a soldier cranberries. sells the key and peaches. health. 1. Ms. Lloyd from Hawaii. 8 2. Mike and Jack speak very well. 3. He chairs and tables at his store. 4. at the concert looked excited. 5. We found under the bed. Red foods are good for heart health. improve memory. Find the missing words and rewrite the sentences. Japanese 2 7 5 4 3 They also Red foods include cherries, tomatoes, and Some healthy orange foods are carrots, oranges, 6 Orange foods promote good skin and eye Pineapples and bananas are healthy yellow foods. They improve brain function. 9 Green foods, like spinach and broccoli, strengthen bones and muscles. Eat a variety of colors of fruits and vegetables. Then, S+V+O 10 you will be healthy and strong. S+V+C 6. Mr. Miles was 40 years ago. 8 Unit 1 • Parts of a Sentence 1 9 2 Parts of a Sentence 2 Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement A: My aunt sent me presents from Canada. B: You must be happy. Presents always make me happy. Some sentences have an object complement (O.C.). It comes after the object and describes the object. It can be a noun or an adjective. Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object Jolie Some sentences have two objects, an indirect object(I.O.) and a direct object (D.O.). The indirect object is the person or thing that receives the direct object from the subject. Karen named her dog Jolie. (her dog = Jolie) S + V + O + O.C. Subject I made a salad. S + V + D.O. I made my parents S + V + I.O. + Subject Verb My parents bought Jenny Indirect Object a new computer. me a new computer. - letters. Ellen letters. Object Complement left found called the door the test the lady open. difficult. an angel. Direct Object - Object I He People a salad. D.O. Verb sends A Read the sentences and write the objects and the object complements. Object Object Complement 1. The movie made Nora and Rachel sad. 2. She found the novel interesting. Common verbs that take two objects are give, send, make, ask, buy, show, bring, and tell. 3. People call New York the “Big Apple.” 4. They will name their daughter Sophie. A Read the underlined words and check(✔). Indirect Object 5. Jenny always keeps her desk tidy. Direct Object 1. She gave me a book for my birthday. 2. Cathy and I will make Grandma a chair. 3. Derek bought his younger sister a teddy bear. B Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 4. I asked the police officer the way to the mall. B Circle the indirect objects and underline the direct objects. 1. Helen gave me her phone number yesterday. 2. We bought our cat a comfortable bed. a great musician 1. She made the soup too 3. Can you show me your paintings? 10 4. People called Beethoven safe . . 3. Molly and Tim painted the door 5. Our English teacher read us a poem. salty 2. The police officer keeps the children 4. Gina told them a scary story last night. blue . . Unit 2 • Parts of a Sentence 2 11 Practice A Check(✔) the correct places for the words. 1. 2. me Dad 3. her Tony 4. the information The lady will 5. Christmas cards I 6. B English anyone Mrs. Freeman 1 passed 1 asks 1 send Don’t 1 2 teaches 1 2 a fork 3 give 1 2 2 the students 3 3 . My uncle . gave my sister and me a puppy 1 last month. We (my sister and me / gave / a puppy) you the children tell 2 many questions 2 Read the weekend plans. Unscramble the words and complete the passages. A 3 3 . He doesn’t have a doghouse yet. 2 . (Spotty / the puppy / named) . So, we will this weekend. We 3 (him / make / a house) every year. your password 3 will . like a chessboard. 4 (black and white / paint / the house) Read the underlined words and check(✔). Direct Object People Object Complement in the world. 5 (the best singer / call / Jenny Kyle) 1. Dave will make us dinner tonight. Her songs 2. The blanket kept her warm. make me happy 6 . Last week, my mother (happy / me / make) 3. The movie made the actress popular. 7 4. James showed us his new bike. bought me tickets to her concert. I’m going to her (tickets / bought / me) concert this weekend. At the concert, I will 5. Sarah bought her mother a pretty watch. . 8 (her / some flowers / give) 6. My dog brings me the newspaper every morning. 7. Don’t leave your sister alone. Find the sentences that are S +V +I.O .+D.O. and S +V +O +O.C . and write the numbers. B C Unscramble the words and complete the dialogues. Are you bored with your furniture? 1. A I have an appointment with Dr. Brennan at three o’clock. B Can you tell me your name ? 4 2. A What was your nickname? (Troublemaker / me / called) when I was little. We can make it new again! energetic orange. green. 3. A What is Ed doing? 7 6 5 . 3 You can bring us your old furniture. We can paint your old desk an We can paint your dusty cabinets a fresh We make all of your old furniture exciting. Come by our store to see what we can do. B He is sleeping. The exam You could get your children a new desk. You could even buy them a new bookshelf! But why waste money? The Magic Makers are here for you. (me / tell / your name) B My mother 2 1 8 You can ask us questions any time! (him / made / tired) 4. A Bye, Susie. I will miss you very much. B I will miss you, too. I will 12 (send / my photos / you) from the trip. S+V+I.O.+D.O. S+V+O+O.C. Unit 2 • Parts of a Sentence 2 13 3 uantifiers Many / Much / A Lot Of A: What would you like to eat, David? B: Can I have a few potatoes with a little cheese? Many and much mean a large number or amount of something. many + plural count noun The rich man has many cars . There are many books in the library. How many candles do you need? A Few / A Little A few and a little mean a small number or amount of something. a few + plural count noun I don’t have much information . There isn’t much milk in the refrigerator. How much time do we have? A lot of has the same meaning as many and much. It can describe both plural count nouns and noncount nouns. a little + noncount noun He has a few friends . There are a few cookies on the table. They bought a few flowers . much + noncount noun She has a little money . There is a little water in the bottle. Add a little yogurt to the sauce. There are a lot of computers. (= There are many computers.) Karen has a few apples. David has a little time before his flight. A A Complete the sentences with many or much . 1. There are Circle the correct words. 1. ( a few / a little ) butter 2. ( a few / a little ) boxes 2. We don’t eat 3. ( a few / a little ) children 4. ( a few / a little ) men 3. Sarah doesn’t have 5. ( a few / a little ) tea 6. ( a few / a little ) honey 4. Do you need 7. ( a few / a little ) chances 8. ( a few / a little ) letters 5. She doesn’t have 9. ( a few / a little ) oil B 10. ( a few / a little ) bread Complete the sentences with a few or a little . 1. A few doctors are working tonight. rain this week. 2. There will be 3. I need 4. sleep. English novels. 6. Could I have 14 6. The doctor didn’t give me B paintings in the gallery. meat. friends. chairs? Much is not used in positive sentences. money. much advice. I have much time. (×) I have a lot of time. ( ) Circle the correct words. 1. There are ( many / much ) people in the gym. 2. We had ( many / a lot of ) fun, didn’t we? 3. How ( many / much ) brothers do you have? people were at the shopping mall. 5. My friend has ice in my drink? 7. The students have I don’t have a lot of money. (= I don’t have much money.) questions. 4. How ( many / much ) sleep do you get every night? 5. I have ( much / a lot of ) pencils in my pencil case. 6. People eat ( many / a lot of ) sugar every day. 7. Pablo bought ( many / much ) shirts last weekend. Unit 3 • Quantifiers 15 Practice A Complete the sentences with a few or a little . 3. We saw 4. Add This is a travel guide for New York. Choose and complete the sentences. birthday presents for Sarah. 1. There are 2. My dad drinks A a little Hotels Restaurants Sightseeing coffee every day. Maybe you don’t want to spend (many / much) singers at the festival. time outside in winter. But there are pepper to your soup. 6. They can speak (much / a lot of) them. We have French. 7. He wrote down ideas on a piece of paper. 8. Only a few 3 ice rinks in the city. (a few / a little) However, Rockefeller Center is the most famous one. You will find New Yorkers and animals can survive in the desert. 4 tourists there. There are also a lot of (many / much) big Christmas tree. You can save Write many or much for the underlined words. tall buildings and a 5 (a little / a lot of) B 2 outdoor activities in New York. Ice skating is one of juice in the refrigerator. 5. There is only much 1 a little 6 money if you visit early in the (a little / a few) morning during weekdays. 1. They have a lot of oranges. 2. We didn’t eat a lot of bread yesterday. 3. There are a lot of fish in the pond. 4. I don’t have a lot of time to eat breakfast. B Find the five mistakes and correct them. 5. My brother doesn’t drink a lot of milk. 1 6. There are a lot of beautiful buildings in London. Many students study at schools. However, there are a few students who study at home. This is called homeschooling. Homeschooling has C 2 much advantages. First, regular students 3 Circle the correct words to complete the dialogues. spend 1. A Why did you buy ( a lot of / much ) apples? students don’t have to travel at all. They can also study their 5 many hours. And because there is only one student, he or she gets 2. A What did you do on your trip? there are also B I went to ( a few / a little ) beaches. I swam every day. B I collect them. I spent ( many / a lot of ) money on them. a few time traveling to school. But homeschooling favorite subject for B I’m going to make apple jam this afternoon. 3. A You have so ( many / much ) comic books! 4 7 6 many time with the teacher. However, a few disadvantages. Homeschooling students usually have only 8 also don’t have much chances to learn from other students around them. 10 a little friends. They don’t have 9 much social interaction. They 4. A Look! There are ( much / a lot of ) people at the park. B Wow. There is ( many / a lot of ) trash, too. 16 Unit 3 • Quantifiers 17 4 Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns A: Is this bike yours? B: No, it’s not mine. Somebody left it here. We use an indefinite pronoun when we don’t give specific information about a person or thing. We also use it when a person or thing is unknown. Pronouns & Possessives A subject pronoun replaces a subject noun, and an object pronoun replaces an object noun. A possessive adjective comes before a noun and tells who the noun belongs to. A possessive pronoun can replace a possessive adjective and its noun. Somebody sent me a love letter. Subject Pronoun Possessive Pronoun me my mine you you your yours Positive he / she / it him / her / it his / her / its his / hers / - we us our ours Negative / Question you you your yours they Plural Possessive Adjective I Singular Object Pronoun them their theirs Jake is a teacher. He loves his students. All the students respect him. A 1. The runners are very thirsty. We’ll give 2. Patrick was in class. Person Positive (Negative meaning) A I have something for you. I don’t know anybody in your class. Do you know anybody in my class? I don’t have anything in my bag. Do you have anything in your bag? Nobody is in the classroom. Nothing is on the table. Circle the correct words. 2. There is ( anything / nothing ) in the box. 3. I don’t know ( something / anything ) about him. are my good friends. 4. He gave me ( anything / something ) for my birthday. 5. ( Nobody / Anybody ) visited her last Christmas. when we go shopping. 6. Hello? Is ( anybody / nobody ) here? B He has nothing in his pocket. (= He doesn’t have anything in his pocket.) 1. I met ( somebody / anybody ) at the mall. asked the teacher some questions. 4. We always take our bags with I saw somebody in the classroom. I saw nobody on the street. (= I didn’t see anybody on the street.) some water. 3. Do your know Paul and Robert? Thing Nobody and nothing are used in positive sentences, but they have negative meanings. Mr. and Mrs. Jones bought a house. This is their new house. This house is theirs. Complete the sentences with subject or object pronouns. There is something in your ear. T  here is no difference between -one and –body. somebody = someone anybody = anyone nobody = no one Circle the correct words. 1. Here is a letter from ( my / me ) friend in London. B Match the sentences. 2. My father always wears ( him / his ) glasses. • Nobody remembered her birthday. 3. Jane lost ( her / hers ) dog in the park. 2. I am hungry. • • The drawer is empty. 4. The students turned off ( their / theirs ) phones. 3. I didn’t know where to go. • • Somebody gave me directions. 5. My sister drew the picture. The picture is ( her / hers ). 4. Carrie is very sad today. • • I didn’t eat anything for lunch. 6. These aren’t their books. The books are ( our / ours ). 18 1. She keeps nothing in the drawer. • 5. I found something on the street. • • It was an old coin. Unit 4 • Pronouns 19 Practice A Complete the dialogues with pronouns and possessive adjectives. 1. A Look at Ben. Something happened on a dark night. Choose and complete the sentences. A is holding a skateboard. B Is the skateboard It was a dark night. When I got home, the front door was open. ? 2. A David, where is But there was car? B I sold it. This is bag is much (Somebody / Nobody) bigger. . Please, open B Thank you very much! was in the garage. I slowly opened the door. It Somebody 3 4. A These presents are for (Something / Anything) wrong! Then, I heard a sound from the garage. new car. Do you like it? . was my father! . his arms. them was holding 4 (He / She) Choose and complete the sentences. 1. something anything 3. something anything 4. somebody anybody We 6 (Our / We) My sister doesn’t let me touch have a new family member,” said Dad. on her desk. was a 7 (It / They) little kitten. in the old cabinet. I found is knocking on Mr. White’s door. 2. somebody anybody in 5 (something / anything) “Dad, what are you doing in here?” I asked. “ B was Something 2 (anybody / nobody) 3. A Is this Lucy’s bag? B No, it isn’t at home. nobody 1 Your secret is safe with me. I won’t tell . Find the five mistakes and correct them. B else? Do you want I want Karen is a blind girl and Jasper is her guide dog. Karen can’t do for dessert. Can I see the menu? 1 speak German? Can nothing without him. What does he do for Karen? Jasper is trained to help called you an hour ago. He doesn’t listen to 4 2 nobody but somebody else. 5 3 her owner, Karen. He only leads Karen around. Other dogs get distracted by things easily, but Jasper doesn’t. When there is C 7 Complete the sentences using nobody or nothing . 1. There isn’t anything in the room. There There on the street. 3. They don’t know anything about it. → They 4. I don’t have anything in my pocket. → I 5. He doesn’t listen to anybody. → He about it. something dangerous around them, he stops or barks. So Karen knows that 8 she should be careful. Jasper also responds to Karen’s call before in the room. 2. There wasn’t anybody on the street. → 20 → 6 9 anything else’s. Now, 10 their trust each ot ery much. Jasper is Karen’s best helper and friend. in my pocket. . Unit 4 • Pronouns 21 5 Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be Yes/No Questions A: Is James in the kitchen? B: No, he isn’t. He was in the kitchen five minutes ago. To make a yes/no question, place the verb be before the subject. Question Positive & Negative Present Simple The verb be tells who, what, or where the subject is or was. Positive Present Simple Past Simple Past Simple Negative I am a news reporter. She is always honest. They are on the playground. I’m not a news reporter. She isn’t always honest. They aren’t on the playground. I was nervous about the exam. Olivia was at the museum. We were sick yesterday. I wasn’t nervous about the exam. Olivia wasn’t at the museum. We weren’t sick yesterday. Question Time expressions such as yesterday, two days ago, last weekend, and last December can be used in the past simple. Answer A Answer Are you a volleyball player? Is James taller than Paul? Are they in the garden? Yes, I am. Yes, he is. Yes, they are. No, I’m not. No, he isn’t. No, they aren’t. Were you popular in high school? Was she a cheerleader? Were your parents outside? Yes, I was. Yes, she was. Yes, they were. No, I wasn’t. No, she wasn’t. No, they weren’t. Are you afraid of dogs? No, we aren’t. We are afraid of spiders. Was Helen a nurse 20 years ago? No, she wasn’t. She was a photographer then. Complete the questions in the past simple. 1. A bookshelf 2. The soup 3. Gary 4. The flowers 5. These books a piece of furniture. tasty. So I didn’t eat it. in his office now. Call him later. real. You don’t need to water them. only $5 each. Let’s buy one. aren’t → at the concert? → on sale? → close friends? 6. Are the stars bright tonight? are on vacation? 5. Are they close friends? isn’t → 4. Is this sofa on sale? is a fashion designer? 3. Are you at the concert? Choose and complete the sentences. → 2. Is Jake on vacation? A 1. Is Kelly a fashion designer? → bright tonight? wasn’t were in the stadium 30 minutes ago. 6. The football players B Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues. 1. B 3. 4. Complete the sentences using the verb be . 1. Trees and flowers 2. My cat all plants. tiny a few months ago. Now it’s quite big. 3. My grandfather is bald now, but he 4. My brothers 5. Sue 6. Junk food 22 2. bald 20 years ago. short last year, but they are tall now. sick today, but she was sick yesterday. good for your health. Soft drinks aren’t, either. 1. A Is the coat too small for him? B , . 2. A Was he late this morning? B , . 3. A Were they in Canada last year? B , . 4. A Are you good at painting? B , . Unit 5 • Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be 23 Practice A Write the sentences using the verb be in the present simple or past simple. Present A Past Jonathan is talking about an old photo. Complete the passage about him and his friends. 1. I am not at the restaurant. Luke, Bob, and I took this photo 20 years ago. Luke 2. Mr. Simpson is a kind teacher. 3. My friends and I are excited. thin then. He 4. Julie was bored with the music. 5. Jeff and Lisa weren’t very busy. Luke Bob I him. Complete the dialogues. B , he a basketball player now? No, 4 . He is a sports reporter. When I 5 young, I enjoyed looking at stars. B , . We used candles. 3. A Were the shirts dirty? B B ,I’m not B , . The volume is fine. an astronaut. We . I’m at the mall. 5. A Is the radio too loud? am 7 , they weren’t . They were clean. 4. A Are you at school now? Now I . It is far from the park. 2. A Was your power off last night? C a little chubby when 3 6 1. A Is your school near the park? 2 he was young. Bob always had his basketball with he B very thin now, but he 1 best friends 20 years ago, and we still are now! B Find the five mistakes and correct them. The Orsay Museum in Paris Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues. 1. 2. 3. 4 2. A ready for the presentation? B Yes, she 3. A . But she looks nervous. bored in science class? B No, they 4. A . They learned about dinosaurs. 2 is on the outsi 3 is a ork of is special because of its unusual histo . platforms members of a volunteer club? . We enjoy volunteering. are close to the Seine of the museum. The building itself The building B Yes, we 1 River. Two beautiful giant clocks 4. art. It 1. A were 8 6 5 is a ailway station in 1900. But the was too short for the longer trains. So, the station building was changed into a museum in 1986. The museum 7 is very successful. Masterpieces by famous artists from the 19th century, such as Monet, Manet, and Van Gogh, 8 with many tourists. The Orsay Museum are on display now. It 10 9 is usually crowded was one of the most popular museums in the world. at home last night? B No, we 24 . We went to Helen’s house. Unit 5 • Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be 25 6 Present Simple vs. Past Simple Yes/No Questions A: Did you study at the library yesterday? B: Yes, I did. But I usually study at home. To make a yes/no question in the present simple, place do or does before the subject. In the past simple, place did before the subject. Question Positive & Negative Present Simple The present simple tells about facts or habits. The past simple tells about what happened in the past. Positive I like flowers. He eats breakfast every day. We work at a restaurant. Past Simple I don’t like flowers. He doesn’t eat breakfast every day. We don’t work at a restaurant. I studied math last night. She went to school yesterday. They visited China last year. Present Simple Past Simple Negative I didn’t study math last night. She didn’t go to school yesterday. They didn’t visit China last year. Question Answer A A visit go 2. Brian likes his uncle very much. He B I 2. listen He 3. study Maria 4. use Mr. and Mrs. 5. buy Hill I 6. sleep buy Michael 7. make They 8. 26 walk wait We Did you see him yesterday? Did she fix the oven last night? Did they go to the zoo last weekend? Yes, I did. Yes, she did. Yes, they did. No, I didn’t. No, she didn’t. No, they didn’t. Does John usually wear jeans? Yes, he does. Did John wear jeans yesterday? No, he didn’t. He wore a suit. Complete the questions. → water and light? → a cold last week? → many friends? to bed early. 4. He ran a marathon last year. → a marathon last year? him every month. 5. They took a train to Seattle. → a train to Seattle? 6. Sally plays the guitar. → the guitar? 7. She chatted online. → online? at ten. Complete the negative sentences. 1. No, I don’t. No, he doesn’t. No, they don’t. 3. Tina has many friends. finish this book every day when she was young. 4. I got home late because the movie Yes, I do. Yes, he does. Yes, they do. 2. Ron had a cold last week. 1. I wake up early every day. So I usually 3. Kate Do you take a bus every day? Does he watch TV in the evening? Do they have history class on Tuesday? 1. Plants need water and light. Choose and complete the sentences. read Answer B to school every day. Look at the pictures and write the correct answers. 1. 2. 3. 4. to the radio every morning. French these days. didn’t their car on Mondays. this computer last September. on the sofa last night. dinner yesterday. for the bus earlier. 1. A Does the earth move around the sun? B , . 2. A Does she take online lessons every day? B , . 3. A Did you bring your camera? B , . 4. A Did he wash his hands before lunch? B , . Unit 6 • Present Simple vs. Past Simple 27 Practice A Complete the sentences in the present simple or past simple. 1. eat 2. study 3. stay It snowed a lot. So, my brother 4. take Lisa 5. 6. Every Summer very hard for the exam last night. I see Complete the passage about what the children did last summer. a sandwich for lunch. Amy usually have A took read a lot of books Jane read a lot of books travel with my family visit my grandparents I at home. visit my grandparents take swimming lessons go to a science fair go to a science fair try scuba diving many pictures in Italy last summer. Paul and Amy seven classes today. Willy is busy because he the full moon. It wasn’t cloudy. We I usually Look at the table and complete the sentences in the past simple. Jane What they did at the school festival any books. Instead, I candles kites Joshua make muffins lemonade Clair bring old books old clothes perform a play them because she Sam and Linda 1. Peter candles. He 4. Sam and Linda there last summer, too. They also lemonade. old books. She 3. Clair every day. Paul and Amy go to a science fair every summer. They kites. muffins. He 2. Joshua B old clothes. a play. They a song. industry. How did he become a film director? As a boy, he love watching movies with his mother at the movie theater. After he 1. A He , 2. A B , 3. A B , B 28 . He met her at the museum. Nick , Sarah yesterday? 4 finished high school, he 2 3 moved to Hollywood. works hard day and night and learned many things from the directors there. Then, one day, a famous director 5 French? . She speaks German, too. he 4. A the laundry last night? . I did my homework last night. your sister scuba diving. 8 John Jameson is one of the most popular film directors in the Complete the dialogues using the underlined words. you 7 Find the five mistakes and correct them. 1 B swimming lessons 6 a song Peter C with my family. 3 her grandparents every summer. But last summer, she 4 5 sell a lot of books every summer. But last summer, I 1 2 B Last Summer Now, he 6 made actio decides vies. He e him a chance behind the camera. 7 with many actors and actresses. They hard and 10 use a wid 9 ange of special effects. He talk about the scenes toge 8 works . Everyone works creates powerful scenes that are full of emotion. near your house? . He lives far from my house. Unit 6 • Present Simple vs. Past Simple 29 7 Present Simple vs. Present Continuous B A: Are you eating dinner now? B: No, I’m not. I usually eat dinner before seven. Circle the correct words. 1. A What are you doing this Saturday? B We always ( visit / are visiting ) our grandparents on Saturdays. 2. A Is Amy at home? Present Simple vs. Present Continuous B Yes. She ( sleeps / is sleeping ) in her room. The present simple tells about facts or habits. The present continuous tells about actions happening now or in the near future. Present Simple 3. A Do you usually cook dinner? Present Continuous Water boils at 100 degrees. The water is boiling in the kitchen now. I am not walking to school these days. I usually walk to school. They go skating in winter. B Yes. But I ( don’t cook / am not cooking ) dinner this evening. C Complete the sentences in the present simple or present continuous. My sister 2. play The children study Mark 4. work My father 5. get Jane 6. Jenny plays the piano. She isn’t playing the piano now. She is reading a book now. listen 3. 1. They are going skating this weekend. use Ms. Duke Dave reads the newspaper every morning. He isn’t reading the newspaper now. He is brushing his teeth now. to music now. cards at the moment. Spanish once a week. as a mechanic at a big company. on the train now. a blender in her cooking class every day. Stative (Non-Action) Verbs Stative verbs, or non-action verbs, are not usually used in the continuous tenses. A Circle the correct time expressions. like know want love understand need hate remember believe 1. My brother and I watch TV ( now / every night ). I know the girl over there. I’m knowing the girl over there. (X) My brother and I are watching TV ( now / every night ). She wants a new bike. She is wanting a new bike. (X) 2. Louis teaches me French ( on Fridays / this Friday ). Louis is teaching me French ( on Fridays / this Friday ). 3. Lisa drinks coffee ( now / after lunch ). Lisa is drinking coffee ( now / after lunch ). 4. We go to the movies ( this weekend / once a month ). We are going to the movies ( this weekend / once a month ). 5. Sally wears glasses ( on weekdays / today ). Sally is wearing glasses ( on weekdays / today ). 30 A Circle the correct words. 1. Sarah ( loves / is loving ) cute animals. 2. He ( doesn’t understand / isn’t understanding ) the question. 3. We ( need / are needing ) the dictionary right now. 4. Tom and Chris ( remember / are remembering ) the tall man. 5. John ( wants / is wanting ) some food now. 6. They ( believe / are believing ) the strange story. Unit 7 • Present Simple vs. Present Continuous 31 Practice A Choose and complete the sentences in the present simple or present continuous. carry 1. He sit is wearing hate A This is Ben’s letter to his grandmother in China. Read and complete the letter. wear Dear Grandma, a T-shirt and shorts today. How is everything in China? I 2. The truck vegetables from the farm every Friday. 3. My sister cockroaches. to China soon! I’m very excited to see you. These days, Amanda and I 2 (learn) difficult, but we in the hall at the moment. 4. Jason and Tim are learning Chinese. It’s 3 (study) are studying very hard now. It is Monday today. I always Complete the dialogues. outside on Mondays. I 1. A Let’s go to the movies. I want to watch The Ghost House . B now, so I B Great. I love horror movies. am going 1 (go) playing soccer. But it 5 (love) this letter. I 7 (write) 4 (play) 8 (remember) is raining 6 (rain) remember your delicious cookies. I can’t wait to taste them again. I miss you very much. (love) Love, Ben 2. A Justin is over there. You like him, don’t you? B Yes, but he 3. A doesn’t remember you meeting me. (not / remember) help? (need) B B Yes, please. I’m looking for a post office. Find the five mistakes and correct them. 4. A I don’t understand this question. Let’s send Mr. Parker an email. don’t know B Okay, but I Merry Christmas! Are you wondering why it doesn’t look his email address. (not / know) cold here? It’s because I’m in Australia! Summer 1 is starting in December here. So, we never have a white Complete the sentences in the present simple or present continuous. Christmas. But that’s okay because we 1. C snow! We have Carl travel 3. But she He tell Jake not / believe 32 But we want Emily cook 4. early in the morning. Maria usually sleep 2. get up Her mother now. many friends in Japan. to Japan next week. us a story about a famous singer now. the story. everything else. People 3 2 aren’t needing have Christmas trees, candles, and eat, 5 exchange presents, and Now, I’m at the beach. People 7 are having a Christmas barbecue. Families 4 6 celebrates the holiday with their family and friends. . the holiday. I see Santa Claus at the beach, too. However, he suit now. Instead, he 10 9 8 enjoying doesn’t wear his red is wearing a red bathing suit. Isn’t it funny? Next year, come and enjoy summer Christmas in Australia! pasta for dinner tonight. pasta for her now. Unit 7 • Present Simple vs. Present Continuous 33 8 Present vs. Past Continuous B Choose and complete the negative sentences in the present or past continuous. A: I called you yesterday. Were you sleeping? B: No, I wasn’t. I was listening to music then. take 1. Grace and I Positive & Negative Present Continuous I am watching TV now. She is driving to the mall. They are running on the track. The music was playing in the room. We were flying to Rome. The machines were working well. a shopping list right now. to music when you called him. 4. Ray The music wasn’t playing in the room. We weren’t flying to Rome. The machines weren’t working well. yesterday Yes/No Questions To make a yes/no question, place the verb be before the subject. Question now at 2 2. 3. at 2 Yes, I am. Yes, she is. Yes, they are. No, I’m not. No, she isn’t. No, they aren’t. Were you sleeping on the sofa? Was she talking on the phone? Were they singing the song together? Yes, I was. Yes, she was. Yes, they were. No, I wasn’t. No, she wasn’t. No, they weren’t. today Look at the pictures and complete the sentences in the present and past continuous. 1. Are you sending a text message? Is she cooking dinner now? Are they helping their mom? Past Continuous now yesterday Answer Present Continuous Lisa is talking to her friend now. She was watching a movie at 8:30 yesterday. 8:30 A an exam at 4:30 yesterday. I’m not watching TV now. She isn’t driving to the mall. They aren’t running on the track. Past Continuous write on the stairs now. 3. My dad Negative sit aren’t sitting 2. Tony The present continuous tells about actions happening right now. The past continuous tells about actions that were happening at a particular time in the past. Positive listen at 2 4. A Circle the correct words. 1. ( Are / Were ) they ( have / having ) breakfast now? at 2 2. ( Is / Was ) he ( jog / jogging ) when you met him? now now 3. ( Is / Was ) it ( snow / snowing ) yesterday morning? now now 1. snow It at two o’clock. rain It now. 4. Sarah She drive Mark wash 3. catch read 2. He swim Chris do 34 He 4. ( Are / Were ) they ( buy / buying ) flowers when you saw them? B Complete the dialogues. 1. A feeding the cat? B Yes, I was. a book about insects now. 2. A washing the dishes? B Yes, she is. his car at two o’clock. 3. A fixing his computer? B No, he wasn’t. dragonflies at two o’clock. his car now. at two o’clock. his homework now. 4. A Are the children taking pictures? B No, . 5. A Was Mike talking to his friend? B Yes, . 6. A Were Sandra and Mia staying at a hotel? B No, . Unit 8 • Present vs. Past Continuous 35 Practice A Choose and complete the sentences in the present or past continuous. bake stand clean bark 1. It’s noisy outside. A dog Scott, Jane, and Ed went to the zoo. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. A lie loudly. talk sit buy his room at 7:30 p.m. 2. Justin give bread. It smells really delicious. 3. Paul watch on the sofa. 4. When I got home, Sue 5. When Karen saw Tom, he in front of the museum. at 10:30 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. a magazine. (read) Now it’s 2:00. Scott 2. He 5 3. He 10 a.m. glasses. (wear) coffee. (drink) She 4. He on the phone. (talk) 5. It on a bench. What was Ed doing? He 2 a drink from a vending machine. He 4 an elephant an apple now. Jane on a bench now. Ed 7 sandwiches. (eat) 7. They English. (study) 8. They Find the five mistakes and correct them. B on the grass. (sit) At 7 p.m. yesterday evening, the market streets of Nice in France were not busy. Some shops Complete the dialogues. 1. A Mom, they B No, you B Yes, in the park when I called you? (walk) . I was with Amy. Was she B No, she wasn’t 36 soccer at five o’clock yesterday? (play) . Another team was playing then. 3. A 4. A home now? (come) . I will be there soon. 2. A 2 a few tourists you B Yes, to a parrot. He 8 the dolphin show now. Some people C a koala. 6 now. (rain) 6. Mary and Alice now 9 an 1 the dolphin show. 3 1. Billy at 2:00 Scott’s mother called Scott at 10:30. When she called, Scott elephant an apple. Jane B hug 4 3 1 were closing. was walking to their homes, and only were take pictures. A few couples were eating dinner inside one of the restaurants. But now, at 10 a.m., the market is very busy! The streets are filled with tents. People 5 are selling many different things. Many people bread. A French woman 7 is holds a bun 6 buying fresh vegetables, fish, and esh flowers. Many tourists 8 are walking through the market. They 10 are hopeing to remember this special market experience! 9 are looking for unique souvenirs. They TV when you came home? (watch) . She wasn’t at home then. Unit 8 • Present vs. Past Continuous 37 9 Present Perfect B A: Have you met John before? B: No, I haven’t. But I have heard a lot about him. Circle the correct words. 1. I ( want / have wanted ) a smartphone for a long time. 2. David ( lives / has lived ) in San Francisco for ten years. 3. We ( see / have seen ) the musical Mamma Mia three times. Positive & Negative 4. Mr. Murphy ( works / has worked ) at this bank for five months. We use the present perfect when an action started in the past and continues in the present. It uses the form have/has + past participle. To make the past participles of verbs, add -ed to the verbs in most cases. 5. They ( are / have been ) to India twice. Yes/No Questions I have known Sam for three years. To make a yes/no question, place have or has before the subject. three years ago now Positive I / You / We / They I have He / She / It Question Negative He has I haven’t visited the museum. Have you the students Has he Jenny visited the museum. He hasn’t Answer Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. finished the project? Yes, he has. Yes, she has. No, he hasn’t. No, she hasn’t. * haven’t = have not / hasn’t = has not Common irregular past participles Present Past Participle Present Past Past Participle put read have make meet send teach A Past put read had made met sent taught put read had made met sent taught be do go eat see know write was/were did went ate saw knew wrote been done gone eaten seen known written Complete the sentences in the present perfect. write Mark several stories over the last five years. 2. read My brother and I 3. meet My parents 4. play He 5. not / see Andy any movies for a long time. 6. not / talk Chloe to Jake since Monday. 7. not / buy They the book five times. my best friend Sue many times. the guitar for seven years. any clothes for a year. Complete the questions in the present perfect. 1. be 2. know 3. choose 4. B 1. 38 A you move to Japan before? Mark Mary since elementary school? they the topic for their presentation? you a new apartment? Complete the dialogues. 1. A Has Jenny returned the books? B , . She is still reading them. 2. A Have your parents seen your painting? B , . They really liked it. 3. A Have you worn glasses for a long time? B , . I have worn them since I was very young. 4. A Has your brother found his wallet? B , . He is still looking for it. Unit 9 • Present Perfect 39