Tài liệu GPS - GIS system for garbage management

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of International Training GPS – GIS System A SOLUTION FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Lưu Thị Hợi (Jolina) Phan Thị Hồng Mai (Mia) Nguyễn Đức Mạnh (Glen) Dương Thanh Tuấn (Jouge) Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hòa (Sharon) DECEMBER 2015 GPS - GIS System: A Solution for solid waste management A Research Paper Presented to THE FACULTY Advanced Program Thai Nguyen University of Technology by Lưu Thị Hợi (Jolina) Phan Thị Hồng Mai (Mia) Nguyễn Đức Mạnh (Glen) Dương Thanh Tuấn (Jouge) Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hòa (Sharon) DECEMBER 2015 1|Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers wish to give their profound gratitude to the following persons who gave and are still giving their assistance and moral support. Without those people, this study would not have been possible. PROF. LOUIE DEL PRADO – MENDOZA, their research adviser, for giving suggestions and encouragements to improve the study; OUR FAMILY, for giving the researchers the financial support and moral support to pursue this study; K49AP, their classmates who gave their support in doing this thesis; and To THOSE PERSONS who were not mentioned here but gave their full support to make this study possible 2|Page ABSTRACT This paper focus on the waste management methods using GPS – GIS system that can be adopted in Thai Nguyen city, in order to achieve economic viability and environmental friendliness. It is with the hope that the advantages brought by this system will bring a significant change in the current waste management practices. 3|Page TABLE OF CONTENT Acknowledgement………………..……………………………………………………. 2 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Table of content………………………………………………………………………………. .4 I. Introduction……………………………………………………........................... ...........5 A. Garbage pollution in Vietnam and its effects …. ……………………………………5 B. An overview of the current waste management practices in Thai Nguyen city ……………………………………………………………………………………….7 1. Statistic of solid waste in Thai Nguyen city………………………………………7 2. Waste collection and transport…………………………………………………....9 C. GPS – GIS system …………………………………………………………………10 II. Methodology.......................................................................................................... .........12 A. Routing software for waste truck…………………………………………………..12 1. General model…………………………………………………………………...12 2. Operation of the system…………………………………………………………12 B. Live Green application on smart phone……………………………………………14 C. Feasibilities………………………………………………………………………. . 16 1. Plan of actions…………………………………………………………………16 4|Page 2. Cost of construction……………………………………………………………16 III. Advantages………………………... ………………………………………………….. 17 IV. Conclusion and outlook……………………………………………………………….18 V. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………… …….. 19 5|Page I. INTRODUCTION Thai Nguyen city is the capital city of Thai Nguyen province. It is the home for 306,842 people (2015) and is one of the biggest industry area in the North of Vietnam. The city is currently facing acute problems related to solid wastes, or garbage pollution despite the fact that the largest part of the municipal expenditure is allotted to management of its solid wastes. The waste generation in Thai Nguyen city extremely high per day and the number is likely to grow in the next few years due to the increasing population and growing industry. This will be a formidable challenge to the community. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the waste management practices in Thai Nguyen city and to introduce suitable methods to overcome the constraints. A. Garbage pollution in Viet Nam and Its Effects Solid waste is a collective term used to distinguish non-biodegradable materials and discards that come from sources like:  Households.  Businesses and Commercial establishments.  Manufacturers or Industrial sites.  Biomedical sources like hospital and clinics. 6|Page Garbage pollution means littering civic waste particularly household waste into places not designated to dispose it off. It is mainly caused by mismanagement of solid waste when garbage is not lifted from streets and areas to carry it to landfill sites for its final disposal. It all happens owing to poor system of either garbage collection or its disposal. Figure 1: Garbage in forbidden area Pollution of garbage increases in cities and towns where there is no proper system of garbage collection. Households have to simply collect the entire garbage of their houses and place it to outside home in dustbin or bag. Garbage pollution is main cause of various bacterial diseases and gastro is one of them. Moreover, typhoid, malaria and various infectious diseases are also caused by it. Mosquitoes and other insects amasses in places where there are piles of garbage and ultimately spread various diseases in the area. 7|Page Figure3:2:Pesticide Cows eating Figure bottlegarbage in the lake B. An overview of the current waste management practices in Thai Nguyen city 1. Statistic of solid waste in Thai Nguyen city The total amount of solid waste in different administrative units is given in Table 1. No Administrative unit Average daily solid City’s Solid accrued waste waste/ one person 0,81 Ton/ day Ton/ year 4.444 1.622060 1 Red river delta 2 Northeast 0,76 1.164 424.660 3 Northwest 0,75 190 69.350 4 North Central 0,66 755 275.575 5 South Central Coast 0,85 1.640 598.600 6 Highlands 0,59 650 237.250 7 Southeast 0,79 6.713 2.450.245 8 Mekong Delta 0,61 2.136 779.640 Total 0,73 17.692 6.457.580 Table 1: Solid waste in Thai Nguyen province As we can see in the table, the amount of solid waste in Thai Nguyen city is the biggest compared to other districts. A typical waste composition in Thai Nguyen city is given in Table 2 No Mechanical compositions Proportion 1 Organic waste 55 2 Terracotta, stone, glass… 9 8|Page 3 Iron and steel waste 4 4 Paper and cotton 2 5 Other impurities 30 Table 2: Composition of urban solid waste in Thai Nguyen city As evident from the table above, the composition of organic waste ranks the highest. High organic content and low biodegradable waste, which comes from commercial and households, are typical of Viet Nam cities. Although industries also generate a significant amount, it was analyzed that most of this is recovered for recycling and reuse and only a small percentage find its way into the city waste stream. Waste densities and moisture contents are high, which require different technology and management. The amount and composition of waste change each season. 2. Waste collection and transport: Collection of waste is done by Thai Nguyen Urban Environment Company. The company provides door to door collections of wastes using pushcarts. There are… employees in charge of door to door collection, sweeping, 9|Page Figure 4: An employee collecting the garbage emptying dustbins and clearing black spots. They arrive at a designated spot to transfer the waste to the truck. Trucks have a capacity of 4-5 tons. Collection is sometimes difficult due to narrow roads and due to this waste is not picked on time causing unsanitary conditions. There are still many places that people throw trash on the ground. Table 3. Aggregating the real collection of waste in 5 wards in the southern of City Target Number of family Collection charging ( people) proportion (%) Total population Ward Cam Gia 2948 2063 65 – 70 Phu Xa 11044 9939 90 Huong Son 3112 2179 70 Tan Thanh 4496 3000 80 Trung Thanh 12493 6904 79 C. GPS – GIS system The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. 10 | P a g e Figure 5. GPS system A geographic information system or geographical information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. With the help of GIS system, we can read a map with varied sorts of information: composition of soil, temperature, routes… 11 | P a g e Figure 6. The use of GPS system GIS gathers vary sort of information such as tabular data, digital maps, aerial photographs, satellite data and other digital data to gain a new information in the type of a map. Figure 7. Components of GIS system II. A. METHODOLOGY Routing software for waste truck 1. General model The general model combine with 3 modules in management system 12 | P a g e 2. Operation of the system Collection of waste is done by one truck, one tractor and mini pick-up trucks. The frequency of collection is 1 to 3 days. Collected wastes are dumped or burn at common dumping site. Regular street sweeping and roadside garden trimmings are done and wastes are dumped in bins. Transferring of waste to vehicles is done manually. Figure 8. Trash bin on the route sites The GIS- GPS system will create a map including boundary, road network, building distribution, distribution of bins, open dumping sites, land use and land cover, optimal routing etc. Figure 9 represents the land use of Thai Nguyen City. 13 | P a g e Figure 10 depicts the proportion of waste generated in each zone. Figure 11 shows locations where wastes are collected. Studies were carried at active bin sites. Figure 12 illustrates the optional route for collection vehicle. Theoretically provided optimal routing may not be apt, because of local conditions. Preference is given to collection of organic matter in order to avoid unaesthetic appearance, foul smell and animal problems. Optimal routing as shown in Figure 4 is arrived at, in such a way that zones with more domestic wastes are handled on priority while covering all zones. Figure 9: Zone of Thai Nguyen City based on landuse pattern with spatial spread of buildings 14 | P a g e Figure 10: Thematic maps with all zones and proportion of waste generated Figure 11: Waste collection points Figure 12: Optional route for collection vehicle B. Live Green application on smart phone: A solution to raise the awareness of our citizen We intend to design an application in smart phone using GPS navigation systems .The user can install this application on the smartphone and it will be widely used for all people. 15 | P a g e The design of the app looks like a map. Every day, you go to work, school, outings ... anywhere in the city if you encounter littered garbage, the garbage container is too full, or waste pollution in city area ... right now you can take a picture of its and then comment your opinion then up to the app. GPS – GIS system will immediately find your position and upload your status on the map with your picture. Another users and the Environment Company will see it in their screens and know exactly the position of the area. The system will notify firms operating waste collection and waste collection vehicles to the place that to clean. 16 | P a g e C. FEASIBILITIES 1. Plan of action  Make a contract with Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group to establish a program using GPS into routing software.  Open a contest to design "Live green app" in Smartphone with the combination between Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment and Thai Nguyen University of Technology  High award for the best innovative proposals that can apply in practice 2. Cost of construction Cost (VND) Contracting with Viet Nam Posts and 20,000,000,000 Telecommunication Group (VNPT) Opening a contest 100,000,000 Operating costs 80,000,000,000 Hiring and training employees 10,000,000,000 Total 17 | P a g e 110,100,000,000 III. ADVANTAGES 1. Efficiency Good municipal solid waste management practices requires collection of critical information which is not just for keeping the records up to date but used effectively for taking corrective measures as well as proper planning for the future. The trucks perform multiple trips in a day and it is essential to monitor and track these trucks to improve efficiency. 2. Cost The system will help in optimizing the shortest route from point of collection to landfill. Fuels, time, human resources are saved. 3. Human resource development These systems can be installed in zonal offices and establish monitoring in Thai Nguyen city. Training can be imparted to personnel in handling and updating the data. With the Live Green application on smart phone, the citizens can be aware of what happen with the pollution condition in their city. The citizen can join in cleaning area activities and protecting the environment. 4. Environmentally friendliness The system and application is extremely green. 18 | P a g e IV. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK Based on the information and statistics gathered, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. GPS – GIS system is a prospective solution for the solid waste management in Thai Nguyen city. 2. Live Green application can be used to reflect the environmental conditions of the city, and raise the awareness of the citizen. 3. The cost of construction the system is 110,100,000,000 VND. Recommendation for further research  The system can be applied in the entire Vietnam with different geographical condition.  The online application can be added more functions such as way to classify rubbish, etc. 19 | P a g e