Tài liệu Giá trị văn hóa mỹ phản ánh trong loạt phim truyền hình mỹ glee

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION PAPER SINO-VIETNAMESE WORDS USED IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS TERMS PRE AND POST 1992 Supervisor: Ngo Ha Thu, MCS. Student: Hoang Thi Thu Hien Year of enrolment: QH 2009 Ha Noi, May 2013 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP NGHIÊN CỨU TỪ HÁN VIỆT ĐƯỢC SỬ DỤNG TRONG DỊCH THUẬT CÁC THUẬT NGỮ KINH TẾ QUỐC TẾ TIẾNG ANH TRƯỚC VÀ SAU NĂM 1992 Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Th.S Ngô Hà Thu Sinh viên: Hoàng Thị Thu Hiền Khoá: QH 2009 HÀ NỘI – NĂM 2013 ACCEPTANCE I hereby state that I: Hoang Thi Thu Hien, class 09E23, being a candidate for the degree of Barchelor of Arts (TEFL) accept the requirements of the College relating to the retention and use of Bachelor’s Graduation Paper depsited in the library. In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of the study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper. Hanoi, April 25th 2013 Hoàng Thị Thu Hiền ACKNOWLEDGEMENT On the completion of this thesis, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Ngo Ha Thu, MCS. for her critical comments, helpful suggestions as well as her constant encouragement from the beginning stage of working out the research proposal to the final stage of writing up the thesis. Without her valuable guidance, this thesis would be far from completed. I also acknowledge my indebtedness to Dr. Khu Tuyet Mai and other lectures of University of Economics and Business, VNU, who gave me their practical guidance, assisted me with data collection and shared with me their long and varied experience. I take this opportunity to extent my special thank to all lectures of Faculty of English Language and Teacher Education at University of Languages and International Studies, for their useful lectures during my B.A course. Finally, I would also like to thank to my family and my classmates for their great support and encouragement in the accomplishment of my thesis. i ABSTRACT This study reflects the reality of taking advantage of the Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in translation of English international economics terms pre and post 1992. In addition, the study is conducted to identify the changes in the types and trends of Sino-Vietnamese words used to translate those terms pre and post 1992 in the link with the 1992 Constitution. To achieve these aims, the methods applied to collect data are sampling, data collection instrument and data analysis. Overall, the usage of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in translation of English international economics documents under the influence of the 1992 Constitution has not been paid proper attention by translators in general, and by students in particular. Therefore, the paper concentrates on indicating the changing classification and usage tendencies around the milestone of 1992 so as to help translators and students have the wider overview on Vietnamese Chinese-derived words in English international economics terms translation. However, limitations are unavoidable which hopefully would shed light on the further study. ii TABLE OF CONTENT Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i ABSTRACT ii LIST OF FIGURE v LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF BREVIATION vii LIST OF APPENDIX viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1 1.2. Aims of the study and research questions 1.2.1. Aims 3 1.2.2. Research questions 4 1.3. Scope 4 1.4. Significance of the research 5 1.5. Organization of the research 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Review of Translation 7 2.2. Review of international economics terminology 9 2.2.1. Terminology 9 2.2.2. International economics 10 2.2.3. International economics terms 12 2.3. Review of Sino-Vietnamese words 14 2.3.1. Definition 14 2.3.2. Characteristics 15 iii 2.3.3. Classification 18 2.4. Review of the year 1992 in Vietnam 20 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. Sampling 22 3.2. Data collection instrument 22 3.3. Data analysis 23 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Research question 1: What types of Sino-Vietnamese words 24 are used to translate English international economics terms pre and post 1992? 4.1.1. Time-based 24 4.1.2. Form-based 26 4.2. Research question 2: What are the trends of using Sino- 30 Vietnamese words to translate English international economics terms pre and post 1992? CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1. Major findings of the research 38 5.2. Limitation of the study 39 5.3. Contribution of the study 39 5.4. Suggestions for further studies 39 Reference 40 Appendix 1 43 Appendix 2 46 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Page The proportion of time-based types of Sino- 26 Vietnamese words used for translating English international economics terms. 2 The proportion of form-based types of Sino- 28 Vietnamese words used for translating English international economics terms pre 1992. 3 The proportion of form-based types of SinoVietnamese words used for translating English international economics terms post 1992. v 29 LIST OF TABLES Tables Page 1 Form-based classification of Sino-Vietnamese words 19 2 Common international economics terms translated 31 by different Sino-Vietnamese words pre and post 1992. 3 The trend of using Sino-Vietnamese words in translating English international economics terms vi 34 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations EU European Union FELTE Faculty of English Language and Teacher Education IMF International Monetary Fund ULIS University of Languages and International Studies UN The United Nations VNU Vietnam National University WB World Bank vii LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 Page English international economics terms translated 43 by Sino-Vietnamese words pre 1992 2 English international economics terms translated by Sino-Vietnamese words post 1992 viii 46 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter gives the general introduction about rationale, aims of the study and research questions, scope and significance of the study. 1.1. Rationale In the context of globalization and integration since the last few decades, communication and cooperation have become inevitable to any country. Friendly relationships of countries all over the world are greatly promoted thanks to document exchange. Therefore, it cannot be denied that translation plays an enormous role in enhancing friendship of countries worldwide. Especially, in global settings, trade exchange among different countries has increased dramatically and national barriers seem to be faded out. These favorable conditions enable international economics to strongly develop (Stiglitz and Charlton, 2012). That is a reason for a large number of international economics documents such as economic contracts, researches on economic issues, books about economics, etc to be translated. That situation can be seen obviously in many countries included Vietnam. After persistent and resilient wars to achieve freedom and independence for the whole nation, Vietnam carried out an economic reform policy known as “doimoi” in the year of 1986 together with the enacting of 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the modified version of 1980 Constitution, which was initiated by Vietnam National Assembly in the sixth Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The modified constitution aims to meet requirements of some new missions, new tasks in the new historical period (Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 1992). Therefore, it mentions some new areas in the economy including new 1 regulations for international economics in relationship with foreign countries. This constitution marks an important watershed when Vietnam underwent a transition from a centrally planned economy into a free market oriented one. According to Mark Sidel (2009) in The Constitution of Vietnam: A Contextual Analysis., it is also a landmark for a variety of considerable changes in economic sectors, operation and organization of the economy. Vietnam has lifted many restrictions in trade relations with other countries, which has created certain advantages for the country to widen its international business. The year 1992 with many urgent and important reform policies has set foundation for development of Vietnamese economy in general and its international economics in particular (Justino, 2008). For the first time in 1992, Vietnam gained trade balance of import-export. Those significant changes attracted a great amount of investment from foreign investors. Several multinational corporations have been established, many agreements on export and import have been signed. That movement has brought out the high demand for international economics documents’ translation. Especially, Vietnam-China border war in 1979 as a typical event has some certain influences on relationship between these two countries (Freeman and Thompson, 2011). Then, economic and diplomatic exchanges and transactions between these two countries were restricted. Thus, the trend that Sino-Vietnamese words were used rather commonly in Vietnamese society may turn its direction. Besides, arrival of the President of the United States, Bill Clinton and his declaration of normalizing Vietnam- America relationship in 1995 opened a new page for relation of Vietnam and the United States in various areas such as diplomacy, culture, education, especially economics. Those remarkable events are said to probably entail a big change in economic relations and in tendency of using Sino-Vietnamese words and English words for translation. 2 In fact, it is necessary to understand profoundly relation between language and socio-economy of Vietnam in 1992 so that language can be used suitably. However, background knowledge of some translators about law and 1992 Constitution as an instance is not really adequate. The link between 1992 Constitution and international economics have not received the proper awareness and attention while translation works even can affect other aspects such as cultural and diplomatic exchange. Being a student learning International economics as Double major and being interested in Sino-Vietnamese words, the writer is inspired to do this research on “Sino-Vietnamese words used in translating English international economics terms per and post 1992”. Because of the reasons above, carrying out a study on “Sino-Vietnamese words used in translating English international economics terms pre and post 1992” is highly essential. 1.2. Aims of the study and research questions 1.2.1. Aims The research aims at studying and discovering the trends of using SinoVietnamese words for international economics terms translation before and after the year 1992. Influences of 1992 Constitution of Socialist Republic of Vietnam after “doimoi” on external economics translation will also be made clear. Thus, the study aims at providing translators in general a wider and deeper understanding about translating economics documents, especially translating methods applied in those documents. Then, the study is also expected to help translators or any people interested in translation enhance their responsibilities and abilities to increase formality in translation and discover the link of translation with many other areas such as economics and law. The study can help to contribute to improve the translation of international economics in the modern social context 3 through studying the trends of using Sino-Vietnamese words in translating international economics documents pre and post the year 1992. From these aims, the thesis is supposed to introduce to ULIS’s students of translating and interpreting major strategies for study and employability development and solutions for Vietnamese translators to create more valuable translations supporting education and international economics of the country. 1.2.2. Research questions The aims of this research will be made clear with two research questions as follows: - What types of Sino-Vietnamese words are used to translate English international economics terms pre and post 1992? - What are the trends of using Sino-Vietnamese words to translate international economics terms pre and post 1992? 1.3. Scope The premise of this thesis is identifying types of Sino-Vietnamese words used to translate international economics terms from English into Vietnamese. Therefore, all of the international economics terms used in this study are English terms which are selected from English books. The focus of this research is put on international economics terms used in international economics books published before and after the year 1992 so that a comprehensive view can be made. Main books utilized in this study are French – English – Vietnamese Economics Terms Dictionary (University of Planning, 1981), Oxford – Duden Pictorial English – French - Vietnamese Dictionary (World Publisher, 1990) and International economics Course Book (Khu & Vu, 2010). Those books are translated by professional translators and are censored by famous publishers. Therefore, terms which are applied in this thesis are of formal style and high reliability. 4 This study examines how professional translators apply Sino-Vietnamese words in translating those terms; the link between the 1992 Constitution and SinoVietnamese words used to translate international economics terms translation, and how translation of those economic terms before 1992 is different from those after the year 1992. Each term has its own meaning and attaches to a specific context; thus, methods used to translate the terms are expected to be diversified. It is also expected that the data collection and data analysis will be able to answer research questions above. 1.4. Significance of the research In the setting of globalization, especially with Vietnam’s participation in World Trade Organization in 2007, exchanges goods and services with international markets have been going on more and more busily. The wide and deep integration has put Vietnam under several influences by fluctuations and changes of regional and global economies (Khu & Vu, 2010). This fact leads to a high demand for and requirement of good translations for smooth transactions. Effective translations not only pave way for global interaction with an excellent opportunity to undergo socio-cultural exchange but also help to set basis for further studies on language and economics. Obviously, international economics terms should be paid much more attention than ever before. In order to have effective translations, it is necessary to link economic conditions and language in uses of Vietnam and those of other strategic partners, typically China and America. The thesis is expected to positively complement for studies on different areas of translation. Then, the researcher hopes that background knowledge and recommended methods presented in this thesis would be useful for translators of international economics, especially inexperienced translators, in their work. 5 Moreover, it is anticipated that analysis and findings by this thesis will be applicable and supportive to students and lecturers of economics major. 1.5. Organization of the research The thesis consists of five chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction. This part includes rationale, aims of the study, research questions, scope of the research, and significance of the research and organization of the research. Chapter 2: Literature Review. This chapter gives an overview to theories related to the topic of the study. Definition of key terms and presentation about previous related studies are included in this chapter. Chapter 3: Research Methodology. The chapter describes the materials and equipment used in the research, depicts data collection process as well as explains the measurements and calculations made upon the data. Chapter 4: Findings and Discussion. Chapter 4 shows all results achieved from data collection and analysis. The answer for three research questions will be indicated in this chapter. Chapter 5: Conclusions and recommendations. This chapter summarizes main conclusions of the study and gives some suggestions for the following research concentrating on this field of study. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter provides readers with an overview to theories related to the topic of the study. Definition of key terms and presentation about previous related studies are included in this chapter. 2.1. Review of Translation 6 Translation is revealed to be increasingly essential, especially in the integration context. The fast development of communication has made translation multidimensional and extensive. Translation is applied in various areas of life such as education, diplomacy, culture. In order to understand more deeply about roles of translation, key definitions of translation need to be absorbed. The concepts concerning with translation have been developed until present to bring out a satisfactory definition of translation. Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by as equivalent text in a second language. The aim is to as accurately as possible all grammatical and lexical features of the “source language” original by finding equivalents in the “target language”. At the same time all factual information contained in the original text… must be retained in the translation (Hartman and Stock, 1972). Translation is the expression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences (Dubois, 1973). Often, though not by any means always, it is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the same way that the author intended in the text (Newmark, 1995). Despite different ways of expressing, those famous theorists all have a thing in common which is translation turns a text of source language into a correct and understandable version of target language without losing the suggestion of the original. 7 According to Larson (1984), translation is defined depending on the process of translation as the follow:  Studying the source language text (lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context);  Analyzing it in order to determine its meaning;  Then reconstructing this same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical which are appropriate in the target language and its cultural context. (Larson). This process denies the notion that being bilingual is all that is needed to be a translator. Actually, being bilingual, no doubt, is an important prequitisite, but translation skills built and developed on the basis of one’s own long drawn-out communicative and writing experiences in both languages are even more necessary. As a matter of fact, translation is a process based on the theory of extracting meaning of a text from its present form and reproduce that with different form of a second language. Therefore, having extensive and intensive background knowledge about the source text language and good competence of using various means of target language together with good translation skills through choosing proper translation methods are key factors to create successful translated versions. It is undoubted that translation is a bridge connecting people to people, country to country, and culture to culture. It helps people without foreign language competence approach documents of different countries. Moreover, translation also plays an important role of fading out language barriers and cultural gaps. Thanks to translated verses, people shorten the geographical distance to come closer to each other. 8 Especially, translators of economics take harder mission when they have to be in charge of a linguist and an economist. They not only give readers translations but also help them understand writers’ thoughts and emotions in different conditions. All the points above are persuasive proof for the great significances of translation in a wide variety of facets of life. 2.2. Review of international economics terminology 2.2.1. Terminology According to Sonneveld, H, Loenning, K (1994), terminology is a set of terms representing a system of concepts of a particular subject field and the discipline dealing with it. Terminology methods and principles may, in summary, serve as a basis for different types of activities ranging from classification to teaching and indexing, as well as the display of different points of view with regard to the contents of the various concepts and their interrelationships in a subject field. Terminology is defined as a structured set of concepts and their designations (graphical symbols, terms, phraseological units, etc.) in a specific subject field. Terminology is of great importance (Wright, S.E. & Budin, G., 1997):  Firstly, proper terminology is concerned with the relationship between concepts, and between them and their designations, rather than with designations alone or with the objects they represent. This point is essential if quality is to be achieved, especially with synonyms and in multilingual environments.  Secondly, a designation does not necessarily have to be a word or phrase, although it often is. Thus terminological resources may comprise symbols, drawings, formulae, codes, etc. as well as, or even instead of, words. This point is especially important given the move to multimedia systems. 9