Đăng ký Đăng nhập
Trang chủ Ngoại ngữ Kiến thức tổng hợp Evaluation of current solid waste management in xuan luong commune, yen the dist...

Tài liệu Evaluation of current solid waste management in xuan luong commune, yen the district, bac giang province and propose appropriate measures for sustainable management

.PDF
64
94
143

Mô tả:

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGO THANH HUONG EVALUATION OF CURRENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN XUAN LUONG COMMUNE, YEN THE DISTRICT, BAC GIANG PROVINCE AND PROPOSE APPROPRIATE MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2014- 2018 Thai Nguyen, 01/09/2018 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Ngo Thanh Huong Student ID DTN1454290014 Thesis Title Evaluation of Current Solid Waste Management in Xuan Luong commune, Yen The district, Bac Giang province and Propose Appropriate Measures for Sustainable Management Supervisor Duong Van Thao, PhD, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Supervisor’s Signature (s) Abstract: With the rapid economic development, Xuan Luong commune, Yen The district, Bac Giang province is currently facing the environmental degradation. One of the factors causes this problem is domestic solid waste generated from households. There have been a number of interventions introduced to the community to improving the environmental quality and reduce pressure of solid waste to the nature, but the efficiency was relative low. To have a clear perspective on solid waste situation in Xuan Luong commune, this study was conducted under the i purposes of evaluating the current status of solid waste management and perception of local community on solid waste situation, thereby proposed a number of appropriate measures to promote the solid waste management of local authority, contributing to sustainable development of the commune. The results showed that the rate of solid waste generation in Xuan Luong commune, in overall, was relatively high but not at alarming rate, about 0.32 to 0.36 kg/person/day and the amount of solid waste generated in the commune was 2.33 tons/day. Keywords Solid waste, Xuan Luong commune, Waste collection, Management Number of Pages 54 Date of Submission 01/09/2018 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis has been greatly conducted by the support and assistance of many people whom I wish to extend my grateful appreciation to their valuable contribution in order to make this research possible. Firstly, I would like to say thanks to the school board Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, faculty of Advanced Education Program, thanks the teachers that have imparted to me the knowledge and valuable experience during the process of learning and conducting the study. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Duong Van Thao for his enthusiasm, patience, knowledge and immense. He provided me his useful comments, remarks, and encouragement through the implementation and completion of this graduated thesis. My sincere thanks send to all of the officers and managers from Xuan Luong People’s Committee and Yen The Urban Environment Company for the enthusiasm. It was absolutely that I could not complete my study without their assistances. Particularly, I would like to thanks Mr. Ngo Quang Do, Vice president of Xuan Luong People’s Committee for his suggestions, guidance and inspiration during my internship duration. Also, I would like to express my deep gratitude and motivation to my family, classmates and friends for their encouragement throughout my studies. Ultimately, due to time budget and research skill limitation, so this study is inevitable defectiveness. Therefore, I would like to kindly receive the contribution and feedbacks from reviewers and friends in order to complete my study with the best results. I sincerely thank you! Author Ngo Thanh Huong iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................vii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................. ix PART I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 1.1. Research rationale ................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Research's Objectives ......................................................................................... 4 1.2.1. General objective .............................................................................................. 4 1.2.2 Specific Objectives............................................................................................. 4 1.3. Research questions ............................................................................................. 5 1.4. Limitations .......................................................................................................... 5 1.5. The significance of research ............................................................................... 5 PART II. LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................ 6 2.1. Overview of solid waste ..................................................................................... 6 2.2. Environmental pollution caused by solid waste ............................................... 11 2.2.1. Water pollution................................................................................................ 11 2.2.2. Air Pollution. ................................................................................................... 12 2.2.3. Soil pollution. .................................................................................................. 13 2.2.4. Human health. ................................................................................................. 14 2.3. Solid waste management in some countries around the world and in Vietnam15 2.3.1. Waste management in some countries around the world ............................... 15 2.3.2. Situation of environmental management in Vietnam and shortcomings need to learn. ...................................................................................................................... 17 iv PART III. METHODS ............................................................................................ 19 3.1. Material............................................................................................................. 19 3.2. Methods ............................................................................................................ 19 3.2.1. Sampling Size and Sampling Techniques ...................................................... 19 3.2.2. Method of secondary data collection ............................................................. 20 3.2.3. Methods of primary data collection ................................................................ 20 3.2.4. Method of determining the waste volume and composition ........................... 21 3.2.5. Methods of data analysis ................................................................................ 23 PART IV. RESULTS .............................................................................................. 24 4.1. Natural condition and socio-economic development of Xuan Luong Commune .................................................................................................................. 24 4.1.1. Natural condition ............................................................................................ 24 4.1.2. Socio-economic development situation ....................................................... 25 4.2. Current situation of solid waste generation in Xuan Luong commune ............ 28 4.2.1. Solid waste sources in Xuan Luong commune .............................................. 28 4.2.2. Amount of solid waste generated in Xuan Luong commune ......................... 29 4.2.3. Solid waste composition in Xuan Luong commune ...................................... 31 4.2.4. Solid waste collection, recycle and reuse in Xuan Luong commune ............. 34 4.3. Solid waste management in Xuan Luong commune .......................................... 37 4.4. Proposed appropriate measure to sustain the solid waste management in Xuan Luong commune........................................................................................................ 41 4.4.1. Enhance the dissemination and awareness of local community on domestic solid waste management ........................................................................................... 41 v 4.4.2. Establish garbage collection teams in remote villages ................................... 41 4.4.3. Promote collaboration with scientific units to transfer advanced technology to process solid waste and enhance rural environmental quality. ................................. 42 4.4.4. Issue policies and regulations to encourage the public participation on solid waste management. ................................................................................................... 42 PART V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION .................................................... 43 5.1. Discussion......................................................................................................... 43 5.2. Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 45 5.3. Recommendation................................................................................................ 46 PART VI. REFERENCES...................................................................................... 47 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of study area ...................................................................................... 24 Figure 2. Economic structure of Xuan Luong commune in 2017............................. 26 Figure 3. Solid Waste Components in Xuan Luong Commune................................ 34 Figure 4. Solid waste classification and burning in Xuan Luong commune ............ 38 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Component table of some basic gas emissions in landfill .......................... 13 Table 2. Amount of solid waste generated in communes of Yen The district .......... 29 Table 3. Amount of domestic waste generated in Xuan Luong commune ............... 30 Table 4. Types and source of solid waste in Xuan Luong commune ....................... 32 Table 5. Solid waste components in Xuan Luong commune.................................... 33 Table 6. Survey result on solid waste source classification in Xuan Luong commune ................................................................................................................... 35 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Explanation BOD5 Biochemical oxygen demand COD Chemical oxygen demand CPC Commune people’s committee LEP Law of environmental protection MARD Ministry of agriculture and rural development MONRE Ministry of natural resources and environment TOC Total organic carbon WB World Bank ix PART I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Research rationale Human life is being improved in high standard, following high demands of items for daily life that increase in the types of items and going to larger. It still tends to rise in number and variety. Therefore, service sector and production service have much more increase dramatically to support the needs of human beings. Base on the use and disposal after using production in wrong way, the problem on types of waste were generated by production, business and daily activities which have emerged and must be considered and found the correct and efficient interventions. According to confirm of the materials Cyclopes Institute (Chalmin, 2012) and Veolia Propreté, the second largest waste management company in the world: The amount of trash collected worldwide is between 2.5 and 4 billion tons a year, the world now have the amount of trash similar with amount of cereal production (2 tons) and steel (a billion tons). The World Bank (WB, 2015) had warned of a waste crisis was becoming more serious, and created huge burden on finance as well as the environment for governments (Daniel et al., 2012). The study was conducted by Blacksmith Institute and Green Cross Switzerland in more than 3,000 locations in 49 countries shown that more than 200 million people worldwide were at risk of exposure to hazardous wastes (2013). Meaning that, they have to fight with these public health threats caused to serious social disease, especially for children (WHO, 2007). If there are no preventive measures to minimize the number of trash, amount of trash will get bigger and bigger threat to security problems, social issue, and human health. Specifically, human will release to the environment more than 11 1 million tons of solid waste per day in 2100, its number get high as 5 times as the amount of grain produced in a whole year (World Bank, 2015). Today, environmental problems including treatment and management solid waste have been concerned by both government and local community. But it has not been properly inspected, so that, pollution levels in places are at alarming rate as well as the perception on environmental protection of the local is low, especially in rural areas. Rural areas in Viet Nam have significant changes along with economic transition towards industrialization and modernization of the country. Along with the process of New technologies have been applied to agricultural production such as livestock and crop production. Besides that, the handicraft sector is also interested in and developed. However, when the economic is not rich, the farmer life has to face to a lot of difficult things. People concern about environmental protection as a marginalized and it is trivial, which issue difficult to take a good resolve for the environmental management in rural areas. The main sources of waste in rural areas are the packaging of plant protection, the abuse and the use of chemicals unreasonable in agricultural production, the handling of waste from the craft village, the treatment of waste from the craft village is inefficiency and unsatisfactory, beside that the sense of responsibility of the people in protecting the environment is not high, with inadequate attention and loose management from state agencies. According to statistics in 2014, there were about 90.7 million people in the total Vietnam population, in which 67% of the people living in rural areas. Meanwhile, the total national area was 330951 km2, 262805 km2 of agricultural 2 land include cultivation land was 101511 km2, 153731 km2 of forest land, aquaculture land was 7120 km2 and rural residential land was 5496 km2 (accounting for 79.5% of the total land area of the country). The process of the economic and labor restructuring are relatively slow, but the structure of the production sector in rural areas is increasing diversely and promoted directly. Farm household sector structure is shifting to increase gradually in the number and the proportion of households participate in non-agricultural production such as industrial, handicraft and service (MONRE, 2011). Along with the positive changes in rural, Vietnam also expressed limitations and shortcomings: developing infrastructure in lack of planning, and spontaneous, around 23% of commune have planning but not high quality (MONRE, 2014). Technical infrastructure and social infrastructure is backward. Each year, in rural areas, it is about 6.35 million tons of household waste released, equivalent to each person released average around 0.3 kg/person/day (Chi D.K, 2011). Environmental pollution has caused of serious consequences that bringing negative impact on agricultural ecosystems, affecting human health. Meanwhile rural sanitation is poor and many shortcomings so protected rural environment is a matter of urgency because the pollution state in the rural environment is at an alarming rate in many places. Xuan Luong is a commune in Yen The district, Bac Giang province. The total land area is 2522.4 ha and having 1746 households living in 14 villages (2017). Due to require problem solving narrowing down land fund and utilize recycled and reused materials, waste management in Xuan Luong should be operated under two requirements: 3 • Firstly, limits the minimum amount of waste generated. • Secondary, limits the minimum amount of waste buried and increases maximum amount of waste to recycle and process. The first requirement, the minimum amount of waste generated can rely on scientific and technological progress if it is generated by industrial production. However, for waste arises from households (household waste), it is a difficult problem; the reality is not feasible because of the following reasons: • Firstly, population growth in the city are increasing, so the quantity of waste generated will be drastically increased • Secondary, people's lives have been increasingly, the amount of waste generated will be increased. Therefore, we should focus on solving requirements" restrictions at the minimum amount of landfilled waste and increase the maximum amount of recycled and processed wastes ". 1.2. Research’s objectives 1.2.1. General objective This study was to assess the overall solid waste management in Xuan Luong commune, of which focus on the evaluation of domestic solid waste generation in the commune. Thereby, propose appropriate measures to sustain solid waste management in the communal area. 1.2.2. Specific Objectives - To study the current solid waste management in Xuan Luong commune. - To evaluate the perception of the local people on solid waste management and environment. - To propose appropriate measures to sustain the solid waste management in Xuan Luong commune. 4 1.3. Research questions The following are the research questions: 1. What kinds of solid wastes have discharged into the environment and how have solid wastes processed? 2. What is the awareness of local community on solid waste management? 1.4. Limitations The study was implemented in households in the villages of Xuan Luong commune, Yen The district, Bac Giang province. There were some limitations throughout the study. From the above mentioned, the first limitations was the small sample size since it was challenged for the researcher to collect data and conduct an interview for all people living in the commune. The second constraint was the time limitation since the researcher had a short time for this study. 1.5. The significance of research - Research indicated clearly solid waste problems in Xuan Luong commune. - Provided the direction to manage the solid waste clearly in rural areas. - Rated the positive side and pointed out the drawbacks in the work of solid waste management, thereby withdrawing lessons from experience to apply to other rural areas. - The results of this study may be used as a model for solid waste recycling in communes. 5 PART II. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Overview of solid waste Environment refers to a system of natural and artificial physical factors affecting the existence and development of human beings and creatures. Environment components refer to physical constituent elements forming an integral part of the environment such as land, water, air, sound, light, organism and things in other physical forms. Environmental protection refers to the environmental conservation, and the prevention and control of harmful impacts on environment; the response to environmental emergencies; the mitigation of environmental pollution, degradation, improvement and remediation; proper extraction and consumption of natural resources for the purpose of maintaining a pure environment. . Environmental pollution means the status that environmental components have been changed to the extent beyond environmental technical regulations and environmental standards and adversely affect human beings and living organisms. Economic growth in the past five years has had adverse impacts on the environment, not only in cities but also in rural areas which are home to 70 percent of the population. Environmental pollution has become a serious problem in many rural areas, caused by a number of reasons including weak management, lack of specialized environmental observation and supervision equipment and dedicated employees. Moreover, most rural localities are meeting with difficulties in fulfilling the criterion on the environment under the programmer on building new-style rural areas (Tuyen B.C, 2014). 6 Under Clause 10, Article 3 of the Environmental Protection Law 2014: "Waste is waste material in the form of solid, liquid and gas from manufacturing, trading, services and daily life, or other activities." Thus garbage is all material things from food, utensils, waste manufacturing, and service, medical that people do not use anymore and left. Pursuant to Article 3 of the Decree on the management of waste and scrap, Decree No.38/2015/NĐ-CP on: Waste management including hazardous waste, domestic waste, ordinary industrial solid waste, the liquid waste, wastewater, industrial emissions and other special wastes; environmental protection in scrap imports: • Solid waste management means activities of planning, managing, investing in building solid waste management facilities, separating, collecting, storing, transporting, reusing, recycling and disposing of solid waste in order to prevent and minimize adverse impacts on the environment and human health. • Solid waste means waste in a solid form, discharged from production, business, service, daily life or other activities. Solid waste includes ordinary solid waste and hazardous solid waste (MONRE, 2011). • Hazardous solid waste means solid waste containing substances or compounds that exhibit any of the characteristics of radioactivity, ignitability, explosiveness, corrosiveness, infectiousness, toxicity or other hazardous characteristics. 7 • Scrap means products and materials discarded from production or consumption and recovered for reprocessing or reuse as input materials for the production of the products • Domestic solid waste (also known as household waste) is the solid waste generated from the human daily life. • Rural solid waste as in solid form discharged from trading activities, manufacturing, services, and people living in rural areas. Rural solid waste arise mainly from agricultural production, animal husbandry, the abuse of using plant protection products and fertilizers in agriculture, solid waste from craft villages activities and daily domestic waste. Rural solid waste can be classified into three main types: • Solid waste from craft villages: The waste is generated from manufacturing activities of the village • Agricultural and rural Solid waste: the waste is generated from agricultural production and animal husbandry such as animal waste, poultry, and packaging of plant protection. • Rural areas are part of the territory outer zone of cities, towns and township which are managed by the CPC (Decree No. 41/2010 / ND-CP on credit policies for agricultural and rural development). Along with the process of national innovation, rural development is an inevitable process for economic and society development and also improving the quality of the rural population life. This development brings huge benefits but also brings many environmental consequences. Rural environment are under pressure by pollution increase from the human activity, the use of fertilizers, pesticides indiscriminately. Besides that, the vacant on the waste 8 processing from the livestock sector, craft villages bring a big pressure on the rural environment (MONRE, Rural Environment, 2014). Pursuant to Decree No. 38/2015/NĐ-CP on management operations of solid waste: • Solid waste management activities include management planning activities investment in the construction management facilities of solid waste, classification activities, gathering, storage, transportation, reuse, recycle and solid waste disposal to prevent and mitigate the harmful impacts on the environment and human health. Planning on solid waste management is the work of investigation, survey, forecasting total emissions sources and types of solid waste; determining the location, the size of collection sites, transfer stations, transport lines and facilities of solid waste; identifying methods to gather and treat solid waste; building the plan and human resources to thoroughly treat solid waste (Article 7 the planning content of solid waste management) • Waste classification is the activities of waste separation (already delimited), in facility, the aim of dividing into categories or groups in order to manage more effective with different processes. • Collection of solid waste means activities of gathering, separation, packing and temporarily storing solid waste from different collection depots to a place or facility recognized by a competent state agency. • Storage of solid waste means the keeping of solid waste for a given period of time at a place recognized by a competent agency before solid waste is transported to a processing facility. 9 • Transportation of solid waste means the process of carrying solid waste from a place of generation, collection, storage or transfer to a place of processing, recycle or reuse or to a final landfill. • Waste treatment means the process of using technological and technical solutions (different from pre-processing) in order to reduce, eliminate, isolate, burn, destroy or bury waste and hazardous elements in such waste • Solid waste sanitary bury in landfill operation is suitable with the requirements of technical standards for solid waste landfills. • Solid waste classification helps to identify different type of Solid waste generation. When performing Solid waste classification help us to increase recycling and reuse of waste materials, as well as offering appropriate technological methods for the processing, thereby bringing economic benefits and environmental protection.  Classification can be divided into the following ways: + Classified by source Solid waste is trash related to human activities discharged from households, schools, offices, trade areas Solid waste from craft villages is the waste discharged from the production operations of the villages in these areas. Agricultural solid waste is the waste generated from agricultural activities, livestock such as cattle, straw, twigs firewood, and bags of pesticides. + Classification according to hazardous levels 10
- Xem thêm -

Tài liệu liên quan