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Trang chủ Giáo dục - Đào tạo Giáo dục hướng nghiệp colloquial vietnamese the complete course for beginners...

Tài liệu colloquial vietnamese the complete course for beginners

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sach hoc tieng Viet cho nguoi noi tieng Anh
www.uz-translations.net Colloquial TIlE COLLOQUIA L SERI ES Serirs Advisrr. G.ry King The rollowing languages are avai lable in the Colloquial series: Mrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic (Levanline) Arabic of Egypt Arabicofthc Gulhnd Saudi Arabia Basque Breton Bulgarian Cambodian Cantonese Catalan Chinese Croati an Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Filipino Finni sh French German Greek Gujarati Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indon esian Iri sh (forthcoming) hal ian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Malay Mongoli an Norwegian Panjabi Persian Polish Port uguese Portuguese or Brazil Romanian Russian Scottish Gaelic Serbian Slovak S lovene Somali Spanish Spanish of Latin America Swahi li Swedish Tamil Thai Turk ish Ukrainian Un!" Vietnamese Welsh Yoruba (forthcoming) Vietnamese The Complete Course for Beginners Tuan Due Vuong and John Moore CO LLO Q UIAL 2s srrir s: Th ~ Nm S/~p i" La"guQg~ L~artli"g Chinese Dutch french German (forthcoming) Italian Russian SpaniSh Spanish of Latin Ameri ca All these Colloquials are avai lable in book & C D packs, or separately. You can order them through your bookse ller or via our website www.routJedge.oom. 11 ~ Routledge TayIc<6.f'"""IsG/Oup LO NDON AND NEW VORK www.uz-translations.net Contents First published 1994 by Routledge 2 Park Square. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 1 Introduction Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York. NY 10016 1 Bang chO' cal va h~ th6ng ngO' Am Reprinted 1995, 1996 (twice), 1997. 2001, 2003. 2005, 2007 2 Elfn Hil NQI The alphabet and sound system Transferred 10 Digital Printing 2008 Routledge is an imprint oflhe Taywr & Francis Group, an in/enna business Arriving in Hanoi C 1994 Tuan Due Vuong and John Moore Typeset in Times Ten by FIorencttype Lid. Sioodieigh, Devon Illus trations by Rebecca Mey Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJI Digital, Padstow, Cornwall All righu reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any ronn or by any electronic, mechanical. or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any inronnation storage or retrieval system, without pennission in writing rrom the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record ror this book is available rrom the British Library Library oj Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record is available rOt this book on request ISBNIO : 0-415-09205-1 (Book) ISBNI O: 0-415-15536-3 (CDs) ISBNI O: 0-415-43607-9 (Book and CDs course) ISBN 13 : 978-0-415-09205-0 (Book) ISBN 13 : 978- 0-415-15536--6 (CDs) ISBN 13 : 978-0-415-43607-6 (Book and CDs course) 14 3 Eliln khach s,n Going to the hotel Co-published in Thailand with Asia Books Co. Ltd. 5 Sukhumvit Road, Soi 61, Bangkok 10110 10 4 Vilo khBch S,ln Checking in at the hotel 5 CAu chuy~n vli b,ln it Hil NQI Talking about your stay in Hanoi 27 41 53 6 Vilo it khBch s,n Settling into the hotel 7 Llin ht 64 77 Making contact 8 K6 vll ban thAn mlnh Telling someone about yourself 9 MO'l b,n 91 101 An invitation 10 ThAm b,n Calling on some friends 11 N61 chuy~n vo gla dlnh Talking about the family 12 Ell mua hang 13 A shopping trip Trong tI~m An At the restaurant 11S 125 138 ISS www.uz-translations.net vi -------------------------------------- 14 Urn quen val nhau Getting to k.now someone 15 Phong t\le VI~t ehuy~n Introduction Nam Vietnamese customs 16 NOI 168 181 lam lin buOn ban Talking business CHINJII 194 17 £>1 dAy dl dO V/fTNIWI Travelling around 209 Grammar summary Key to exercises 224 Vietname• ...engli.h glossary Engli.h-Vietname.e glossary 249 288 303 LAOS THillLANO CAMBODIA _______________________________ www.uz-translations.net 2 - -___________________________ Vietnam Vietnam is shaped like an elongated S and suctches the length of the Indochinese peninsula. bordering the China Sea in the east. It shares borders with China in the nonh, Laos and Cambodia in the west, and also encompasses a vast sea area including a string of thousands of archipelagos stretching from the Tonkin Gulf to the Gulf of Thailand; its coastline is dotted with beautiful beaches and unspoilt resons. Vietnam has three principal regions, with the central region flanked by two rice. producing areas supplied by the rich aUuvial deltas of the Red River in the north and the Mekong in the south. Mountains and forests make up more than three-quarters of the country's total area and there is a multitude of wildlife in its mountains, tropical forests, plains and plateaux. The population The present-day population of Vietnam is about 70 million. The origins of the Vietnamese people are mainly in China, the high plateaux of central Asia, and islands in the South Pacific. The first natives of Vietnam originated from several ethnic groups; the most important of these were the Lac, specialists in wet rice cultivation and inventors of the bronze drums, who inhabited the Red River Delta and the central regions and the Muong. The ethnic groups which followed in the fifth century BC were the Viet. who came mainly from the coastal and southern provinces of China. The Viet or Kinh fonn the majority (90 per cent) of the population, but more than fifty ethnic minorities inhabit the mountainous regions which cover almost two-thirds of Vietnam. Vlel Nam means the South (Nam) where the Viets live. In the course of its long history Vietnam has been known by many different names; it received its present name in 1945. twelve feudal principalities constantly fighting each other. A succession of dynasties ruled the country until. after many periods of unrest, the country was finally partitioned at the Linh River, which marks the 18th parallcl. In 1788 China sent an expeditionary corps to conquer the divided country, but the Chinese troops were defeated by the man who became Emperor Quang Tnmg in a whirlwind campaign. He then devoted his energies to national rehabilitation, administrative reorganization and economic development Quang Trong replaced the classic Chinese Han with the popular NOm as the official Janguagc. In 1861 the French look Saigon. Six years later the entire southern part of the country, rechristened Cochinchina. was annexed as a French colony. Vietnam lost its independence in 1883 with the extension of French control to the north. In February 1930. H'h eM Minh founded the Indochinese Communist Party, which later fonned the Revolutionary League for the Independence of Vietnam (Viet Minh). The August Revolution began on 16 August 1945. and this was followed by a decadelong war of resistance against the French. On 7 May 1954 the French base at Dien Bien Phi'! suffered a major defeat. The war for independence ended on 20 July 1954. when the two sides signed the Geneva Agreement which divided the country at the 17th paraJlel. The North became the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the South became the Republic of South Vietnam. The beginning of 1965 marked the stan of direct United States involvement in Vietnam as President Lyndon B. Johnson decided to send troops to Vietnam and bomb the North. The 1973 Paris Peace Agreement ended the United States involvement in Vietnam; the US troops pulled out of the country, but the two Vietnamese parties violated the agreement and continued the fighting. On 30 April 1975 the communist troops took over Saigon and the civil war was over. A number of countries in the west have large groups of Vietnamese immigrants. The economy History The history of Vietnam is the history of struggle against foreign domination lasting thousands of years. Until the tenth century Vietnam was ruled largely by the Chinese. In 939. with the celebrated battle of Bach Dang, General Ngo Quyen vanquished the Chinese invaders and founded the first national dynasty. On the death of Ngo Quyen in 967, the kingdom fell into chaos with Vietnam is basica1ly an agricultural country and over 80 per cent of the population live in rural areas supported by agriculture. forestry and fishing. The principal crops are rice, sugar cane, fruit and vegetables, sweet potatoes and cassava, while the principal livestock are pigs. poul· try, buffalo and cattle. Most of the country's mineral resources. the most important of which are coal, tin, copper. chromium ore and phosphate, are found in the NOM. Industry is also mainly concentrated in the North: the main industries are machinery. chemicals. construction materials, 3 4 _____________________________ ____________________________________ 5 www.uz-translations.net paper, food processing and textiles. It is hoped that in the future the oil industry will be high on the country's list of priorities. language. In the spoken Janguage, too. there are a lot of words and phrases originaling from Chinese and ~xisling with pure Vielllamese words. From the beginning of the twentieth century it has also incorpo- The culture and the people Vietnam is known as a land of culture and refinement and its people have the reputation of being industrious, graceful. orderly, skilful. adaptable and well educated. One of the most striking characteristics of the Vietnamese is their sensc of uadition. The Confucian tradition left the Vietnamese with an acute sense of social relationships and high standards of politeness, and they are willing to help each other and love children. Also originating from Confucianism is the ancestor cult, which is the chief form of religious observance. Most Vietnamese houses have a place set aside in the main living room, where the ancestors are venerated. Traditionalism also accounts for the great variety of customs and observances in Vietnam which do not belong to any particular religion but comprise some of the most picturesque features of Vietnamese life. Most of them are associated with the anniversaries or festivals which occur at various times during the year: one of the most colourful is the Autumn Festival, when mooncakes are made, children carry coloured lanterns and dragon dances are performed. Then there is the Feast of the Wandering Souls. restless spirits of the dead who have to be hospitably received during their brief return to the world. But the most imponant celebration in the Vietnamese calendar is the Lunar New Year, which now generally lasts for four days, although in former times it is said to have continued for a month. This is essentially a family celebration, the main feature of which is or should be a gathering of the whole clan at the house of the particular relative whose responsibility and prerogative it is to keep and preserve all the ancestral relics. There are numerous other traditional Vietnamese feasts and customs, to which the Vietnamese are greatly attached and which do much to enliven Vietnamese life. Perhaps it is they more than anything which give it the poetic quality which is part of the charm of Vietnam. The Vietnamese language Vietnamese is a mixture of Austro-Asiatic languages, sharing many similarities with the Mon-Khmer, Thai and Muong languages. Because of the Chinese inHuence during many centuries of Vietnam's history, the Vietnamese used the Chinese Han language as their official written rated words from some weSlem languages such as French. English and Russian. In addition. Vietnamese is the main language for the whole Vietnamese nation and draws on the other dia1cclS of the minorities in Viebl.am. In this way present-day Vietnamese is a blend of several languages, ancient and modem. and has evolved through contact with other races. Although there are some regional fonns of Vietnamese (and the accent of the North is different from that of the South), you can use the Vietnamese you learn with anyone from thaI country and with any of the overseas Vietnamese scattered around the world. TIle Vietnamese written language has a different background. Because of thousands of years of Chinese domination and influence, the Vietnamese used Chinese characters known as Chit nho as their official written language for many centuries. Chil nbo was not easy to learn, however, and only the Vietnamese scholars could use it, while nearly 99 per cent of the population were illiterate. TIle Vietnamese scholars realized the need for developing a separate written Vietnamese language, and several tentative attempts were made to modify the original Chinese characters: only under the rule of Emperor Quang Trung (1776-92) was the classic Chinese Han replaced by Chit n6m, a kind of native adaptation of the Chinese writing system. (Chit means word and n6m means prose which is easy to understand.) But in fact that kind of writing system was still very complicated. it never received official recognition and the Vietnamese intellectuals continued to use the Chinese calligraphic script. The Vietnamese had to wait until 1548 before the new Vietnamesc writing system was introduced by a French Jesuit missionary, Alexandre de Rhodes. He introduced the first Vietnamese aJphabet, which was phoneticized using the Roman alphabet and was recognized by the Vietnamese as Qu6c neft, the national language. Since then, Qu6i;: ngil has replaced the Chinese calligraphic script officially and has become a compulsory subject in schools. The written fonn of the language, Qu6C ngil, is much easier for the Vietnamese themselves to learn. After the 1945 August Revolution in Vietnam there was a literacy campaign, and it took. from three to six months for a Vietnamese adult to learn how to read and write the language. The alphabet does not present too many problems for the foreign learner, either. You will learn the alphabet, as well as the basic vowel and consonant sounds, in Lesson 1. www.uz-translations.net 6---------------------------------Syl/ables 7 letter for one distinct sound), ao ('pond') (two vowel letters for one distinct sound). Vietnamese is a monosyllabic language, with each word consisting of only onc syllable although in a few cases polysyllabic words have been made by hyphenation. These polysyllabic words are known as tit ghfp (compound words) as in sd-mi ('shin'), thf-ch,l ('example'), m\lc..m'ch ('objective'), phtt! I>a I>! co cO 00 cu elf cO c6 cb cd cO c~ cd c6' dI clJ c(J CfJ mu mlf md mu mu mil ml,l mll mil' mlf mll mil mll ban Mn Mn bin h .. d' w, to go Exercise 14 Find out as much as you can about: I the person Joe is with 2 Mrs Vu's husband 3 Joe's luggage th61 d, just. only, that is, OK (polite expression. means 'yes, OK'. but sometimes is jusl used 10 acknowledge pllilely whal someone has said) also, how aboul .1 I ~ •Co • ~ .. Co Co Co . ~~ 1 =.tr J :::r u--__________________________ ___ _ _____________________________ www.uz-translations.net ChuAn b! dlln khich 51,10 m Andrew and Anna are ready to leave 1M airport. They nud to find out abow their hotel and the QffQngelmflls f or their luggage 6NO HoAN: BAy gilf xin mlJi cit vl Ong v'lllich S{lll. nlln Ong. Web SfO c6 xa lim kh6ng? 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